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THE NEBRASKA LEdlSLATLRE
A Synopsis of Proceedings in Both Brunches of
ths Twenty-Eighth GenereJ
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SENATE.
The senate, with eighteen members In
sight and twenty-seven narked present,
held a thirty-minute session on the 14th.
beginning at 9 o'clock. This early was
chosen so that those who bad not gene
home 'would be able to get oat of town
and the entire thirty-three Members
would draw pay for a full day. The read
fag of the Journal was cut short. The
committee on enrolled and 'engrossed bills
reported that H. R. No. 99, appropriating
S3M99 for incidental expenses of the legis
lature, was taken to the governor Thurs
day evening at 4 o'clock. Three bills were
introduced and read by title, and two sen
ate bills and three house bills were read
a second time, and an adjournment was
taken until Monday at 2 o'clock. One of
the house bills advanced to second read
ing is to prevent the docking of horses
tails and the others were of little more
Importance. The following were the bills
introduced: 8. F. No. 196. by Hall of
Douglas, to legalise illegal special as
sessments levied In the city of Omaha.
8. F. No. 1S7. by Cox. by request, relat
ing to the removal of guardians.
Jennings of Thayer Introduced la the
senate on the ICth a resolution providing
for the appointment of a committee of
three to investigate the management of
the office of ths commissioner of labor
and to report finding within ten days.
The resolution went over one day. S. F.
63, relating to marks and brands, ordered
engrossed. S. F. 98, to prevent mutila
tion of horses, recommended for passage.
H. R. 16. to provide for township organ
isation, recommitted. S. F. 49. providing
for school districts in metropolitan cities
paying for bond of treasurer. Committee
asked leave to sit again. 8. F. 199. relat
ing to school lands and funds. H. R. 32.
to make five years contract for purchase
of textbooks, reported progress and asked
leave to sit again.
In the senate on the 17th. senate file
No. 109. repealing the free text book
law. was reported back from the com
mittee for Indefinite postponement. 8.
F. 142. relating to insurance, and 8. F.
85. also relating to insurance, were re
ported back and placed on general file.
Senator Jennings' resolution, asking for
the appointment of a committee to in
quire into the affairs of the office of
the commissioner of labor, was adopted.
The chair appointed the following com
mittee to act under the resolution: Sen
ators Jennings. Hasty ani O'Neill. The
ffn11natfner tilll 4sr I ntfYM.tf . mnA tarl
the first time: To provide for and es-
tablish a state accountant and to fix
a salary therefor, and to define his du
ties and to declare an emergency ex
isting. Providing that no person shall
be considered a qualified teacher who
has not reached the age of 17 years,
was considered in committee of the
whole and reported back for indefinite
postponement. Providing that petition
ers who ask for more than one special
election in one year shall deposit the
ccst of such election with the city or
village clerk, to be forfeited if they fail
to carry the proposition which they fa
vor. Repealing the law providing for
the payment of bounties for the destruc
tion of wild animals, was reported back
wit the recommendation that it be in
definitely postponed. Providing the
mount of fees to be colected by the
secretary of the state board of irriga
tion, and 8. F. 138. relating to the stor
age of water for Irrigation purposes,
were considered and reported back to
he engrossed for third reading.
In the senate on the 18th 8. F. 137
Water rights and Irrigation passed. 8.
F. 49. .providing that city treasurer shall
be ex-officlo treasurer of school board
and providing for beards, passed. 8. F.
65. relating to marks and brands, passed.
8. F. 126. providing that state superin
tendents shall prescribe general course
of study, which school boards may fol
low. Amended that no change in text
books be required. Bill passed. Senate
went Into a committee of the whole with
Sloan of Fillmore in the chair. 8. F. 129.
realting to school lands, ana providing
when they shall revert to the state upon
non-payment of taxes or interest, amend -
. ctl and ordered engrossed. 8. F. 191, by
Young (by request) Joint resolution fix
ing the amount to be set apart for the
erection of a sodhouse and modern farm
buildings, showing the progress of Ne
braska, as an exhibit at the Louisiana
Purchase exposition. Mrs. Louise Bow
ser wants the state to give her 92,099 out
of Louisiana exposition appropriation.
She agrees to erect a two-story sodhouse.
with a restaurant In lower story, upper
-story to be open and public, all to cost
230.900. 8: F. 192. by Sloan of Fillmore
(by request) Re-enacting representative
feature in fraternal societies. 8. F. 193.
by Marshall of Otoe (by request) Defin
ing the name and purpose and providing
for the government and maintenance of
the Nebraska School for the Blind. 8. F.
191. by Marshall of Otoe (by request)
Defining the name and purpose and pro
viding for the government and mainten
ance of the Nebraska School for ths
8. F. 142, by Howell of Douglas, had
.tough sailing in the senate on the 19th
and after a long discussion in the com
Ttilttee of the whole no action was taken,
the bill to retain Its place on general file.
The bill provides that before unincorpor
ated mutual companies shall have power
to insure outside of th members of the
company or to pay officers more than $2
per day or to employ solicitors, the com
pany shall deposit with the state a surety
bond far $199,000. Standing committees re
ported the following bills for general file:
Defining dessertion of wife, husband or
. minor child; regarding game and fish
commission and season for killing game;
no claim for subscription to news
"paper or magazine shall be valid except
for tiara ordered: providing that courts
may order judgments paid in Install
ments; providing for the supersedeas of
cases appealed to supreme court; provid
ing for bonds to be given by parties sell
ing liquor; H. R. 114. providing for the
printing of the -report of state superin
tendent, amended that printing be let by
state printing board recommended for
passage: H. R. 48. providing for cost of
boeCs of school board treasurers to ba
pale by districts recommended for pas
sage. HOUSE.
The house convened on the 14th with a
bare quorum present. Because of the
small attendance. Spurlock of Cass mov
ed toadjourn when the order of bUla oa
third reading should be reached. This
prevailed. Rouse of Hall was very anx
ious to compel the members to labor
In committee of the whole, and though
many, demurred, they were finally com
pelled to do a little work. H. R. No. 152,
by Gregg, jwas first considered. Tho
measure was amended by Speaker Mock
ett so K related only to Lmcota redachur
the number of members of the. sehea!
hoard. .The bill was passed over till the
amendment might be printed. H. R. No.
143. by Gregg, specifying qualification for 1
county superintendents, was next on gen
eral file. The committee rose without
takteg action on the bllL Mr. Gregg en
deavored to amead th report of tho com
mittee by ordering H. K. No. is to a
third t ding A parliamentary irili
resulted ever the attempt to adjourn with
owtacUsYaar Mr: Gratis motion, Ame-
t
t
tion to' adjourn by Wilson of Pawnee
finally prevailed by a vote of 2c to 23.
The following bills were introduced in
the house on the 14th: H. R. No. at, by
Keetter of Douglas, to amend section 215
of chapter 21 of the criminal code. Re
lates to the statute concerning keeping
gaming natures. H. R. No. 817, by Bacon
of Dawson, to amend section 69 of article
1. chaster 18. of the statutes of 1KB. Re
lates to the duties of chairmen of board
of county commissioners. H. R. No. 318,
by Mockett of Lancaster, to provide for
the appointment of a board of commis
sioners to be known as "commissioners of
inspection and weighing for the state of
Nebraska," and prescribing their compen
sation, duties and regulations pertaining
thereto. H. R. No. 319, by Jones of Otoe,
by request, to prevent shooting and in
jury to pigeons and other birds.
H. R. 292, by Good of Nemaha, ap
propriating $2,800 out of the state library
fund for a library at the Peru Normal,
was passed in the house on the 17th,
as was also H. R. 37. by McClay of
Lancaster, providing for state burial
grounds for Inmates of Lincoln chari
table institutions. H. R. 135. by Tooley
of Custer, providing that one-fourth of
the school apportionments to the vari
ous counties by distribution among
them on the basis of the number of
school districts Instead of pupils, as
now. was defeated by a vote of 48 to
4L H. R. 103, by Jones of Otoe, pro
viding for district nominations and elec
tion by the people at large of all the
county commissioners, was recommend
ed for passage. Bills were Introduced
as follows: To require street car com
panies in cities of the metropolitan class
and of the first class to operate cars
during certain times after midnight,
prescribing maximum fares and pro
hibiting the collection of any fare from
any passenger who is not provided with
a seat. Requires one car hourly from
midnight to C a. m. and fixes maximum
fare at 3 cents. Fine of 950 to 3100 for
violation. To entitle registered phar
macists of five years' experience to a
renewal of registration without exami
nation. To repeal the law requiring
constructors of street railways to ob
tain the consent of the voters of the
municipality before building, without
which franchises may not be granted,
and to repeal provisions requiring pre
cise route and termini to be named in
articles of incorporation, the route not
to exceed length of five miles. To au
thorize the organization of mutual In
surance companies to insure property
tlMt lo8S r f8 trom tornadoes.
MtMlAfliasi war!
In the house on the ISth H. R. 265.
by Burgess of Lancaster, providing for
an appropriation of $85,000 to erect a mus
eum and library building by the State
Historical society In Lincoln, was rec
ommended for indefinite postponement,
as was also H. R. 237, by Gilbert of
Douglas, providing for a commission of
engine and boiler inspectors. The house
took up a special order, the report of
the committee on public lands and build
ings that the Girls' Industrial home at
Geneva be closed, on the plea that there
are not enough inmates to justify Its
maintenance, and that he inmates be re
moved to the Boys Industrial school at
Kearney. After discussion the report of
the committee was tabled. Sweezy
moved that two Items in the bill approved
by the committee be stricken out. These
Items were 9450 for blue books furnished
by the 8tate Journal company and $437.50
for bills furnished by Harry Porter.
Sweezy claimed that in the first place,
the contracts for these supplies ought
to be made by the house instead of the
secretary of state. He ttsputed the fair
ness and justice of both bills, and de
clared as to the files that, while they
cost the house $1.75 each, they were
worth not more than 30 cents. The mo
tion was carried. New bills were Intro
duced as follows: To license and provide
against the extortion of pawnbrokers and
to fix the maximum rate of Interest
charged by them at 10 per cent per an
num, and to provide that pledged articles
must be advertised in a newspaper of
general circulation for four consecutive
weeks before they can be sold. Penalties
from $50 to $590. To declare void sales,
trades or other disposition of entire stock
of goods or merchandise, wholesale or
retail, or portions theref. in bulk or
otherwise than In the ordinary course
of the vendor's business.
The house convened at 2 o'clock on the
19th and Immediately went into commit
tee of the whole, considering bills on gen
eral file. Among the important bills
acted on was H. R. 139. by Davis of Buf
falo; providing for a decrease of interest
rate on county funds In banks from 3 to
2 per cent and that counties may deposit
money within 50 per cent of the capital
stock of the bank instead of 30 per cent,
as now. and that where banks located
in the county refuse or neglect to bid
on said money or where there are no
banks in the county or none having suf
ficient capital stock, then any surplus
over the 59 per cent that the county may
receive shall be deposited in banks out
side of the county having sufficient cap
ital stock. This bill was recommended
for passage, as was also H. R. 7, by
Jahnel of Washington, changing the
method of appraising the damages In
condemnation proceedings by railroads,
and H. R. 51 by Cassel of Otoe, compell
ing road overseers to open ditches in
April and October, and H. R. lis by
Perry of Furnas, allowing uniform fees
for sheriffs for service In justice, district
and county courts. II. R. 96. by Warner
of Lancaster, precipitated the house Into
a brisk discussion in which Douglas
county members, especially Kennedy,
figured prominently. It provides that the
county supervisor shall be made the coun
ty engineer and have charge of all the
work devolving upon the latter. It like
wise brought up the old bridge bill dis
cussion and Kennedy opposed the bill,
and finally secured the adoption of an
amendment excluding Dougals county
from the operation of the measure,
which in its amended form, was recom
mended for passage.
TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION.
The meeting of the telephone Investi
gation committee developed some excite
ment. Representative Morsmaa of
Douglas insisted on the right of cross
amlnation by Morsman. The effect of
City Telephone company, who had been
brought from Minenapolis by the so
called independent telephone people to
testify as to rates. Senator Warner of
Dakota, chairman of the committee, de
nied this right, and then Senators
O'Neill. G!n and Meredith sided with
Morsmaa and the result was that Jud
aea was subjected to a rigid cross-examination
by Morsman. The ffect of
the1 cross examination was not encour
aging to the independents, but rather
favorable to- tho Nebraska Telephone
side of the controversy- At the conclu
sion of the meeting Senator Howell of
Douglas took occasion to resent a state
meat made by President Tost of the
Nebraska Telephone company that he
had come to Lincoln-as representative
of the Omaha Commercial club.
REAFPORTIONMENT OF. JUDGES.
Wjtmt of Dakota to out in a bill to
reamujctlaa tjso stato into-judicial dis
trict. Accenting to the WU Introduced
the state will have four less Judges than
t present, the Omaha district losmg one
Judge. The Lancasted district galas one
county. Following are- the districts as
appvtloned under the bill:
First-Johnson. Richardson. Nemaha.
Second Otoe. Cass. Sarpy.
Third Douglas, Washington, Burt.
Fourth Jefferson, Gage.
Fifth Lancaster. Saunders.
Sixth Platte. Colfax. Dodge.
Seventh Boone. Madison. Stanton,
Cuming. Thurston. Dakota, Antelope,
Pierce. Knox. Cedar. Dixon. Wayne.
Eighth York. Seward. Polk, Butler.
Ninth-Clay, Fillmore, 8aline. Nuckolls,
Thayer.
Tenth Franklin. Webster. Phelps,
Kearney. Adams.
Eleventh Hamilton, Hall, Howard,
Merrick, Nance.
Twelfth Dawson. Buffalo. Sherman,
Custer.
Thirteenth Cherry. Brown, Rock. Holt,
Keya Paha. Boyd. Wheeelr, Garfield,
Dawes, Box Butte. 8heridan. 8'oux,
Grant. Hooker, Thomas. Valley. Greeley,
Blaine, Loup.
Fourteenth Scotts Bluff. Banner, Kim
ball. Cheyenne, Deuel, Logan, McPher
son. Lincoln. Keith.
Fifteenth-Chase. Hayes. Hitchcock.
Dundy. Red Willow. Furnas, Harlan.
Frontier, Gosper.
In the third district there shall be six
Judges, in the fifth district three Judges,
in the seventh and thirteenth districts
two Judges each and In all other districts
one Judge each.
FOR STATE ACCOUNTANT.
Senator Warner's, 8. F. 190. Introduced
on the 19th. provides that a state ac
countant shall be appointed by the gov
ernor within thirty days after the pass
age of the act. The appointment shall
be confirmed by the board of public
lands and buildings. The appointee shall
serve two years and draw a salary of
$2,009 per year. His duUes will be the
general supervision of all boons, records
and accounts of state institutions under
the direction of the board of public lands
and buildings. All such books and ac
counts shall be checked at least once a
month and a report made to the board.
In addition to this he will check and
examine all accounts of state officers,
boards and bureaus at least once every
six months and shall make a report to
the governor. He will also look after
such other work as may be assigned to
him by the governor.
AFTER LABOR COMMISSIONER.
The request of the office of the labor
commissioner for an appropriation of $10.
430 with which to conduct the affairs of
the office for the next two years will
likely result In an effort to abolish the
office. While very little talk has bean In
dulged in by the senators so far, the fol
lowing resolution, introduced by Jen
nings of Thayer, Is creating some discus
sion: Whereas: There is now, and has been
for sixteen years last past, what is known
as the office of commissioner of labor In
this state; and
Whereas, There Is now on file with the
committee on finance, ways and means
of the senate, a request for an appropria
tion of $10,430 for the maintenance of said
office for the next blennium; and
Whereas, After a hasty investigation by
some of the members of said committee
into the management of said office as to
the amount of money expended and re
sults derived therefrom, the information
obtained is far from satisfactory: and
Whereas. Doubt has been expressed by
senators and others of the expediency of
appropriating s money for the further
maintenance of said office; therefore, be
it
Resolved. That a committee of three be
appointed to investigate the management
of the office of said commissioner of labor
and to report its findings to the senate
within ten days.
CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS.
Governor Mickey, unless the legisla
ture acts within a few days, will renew
his recommendation that provision be
made for submitting constitutional
amendments to the voters of Nebraska
at the next general election. He urged
this in his message which he delivered
before the legislature at the opening of
the session.
A resolution has already passed the
senate providing for the calling of a
constitutional convention, but even this
has not reached the house. The gov
ernor, however, is not in favor of a con
stitutional convention. He will not,
therefore, be guided in his actions by
this resolution.
Governor Mickey, imbued with the ne
cesity for providing for amendments to
the constitution at this session of the
legislature, pointed out that but twelve
days remain in which a bill or resolution
of this character could be introduced,
hence his desire for action. Twenty
eight of the forty legislative days in
which bills can be introduced are passed.
In discussing this matter the governor
said:
"There is no question but that we need
seme amendments to our state constitu
tion. Neither is there any question but
that provisions for those amendments
shoutd be made by this legislature. It
Is not my desire or purpose, however,
to prod the legislators. They know their
business and have the desire and ability
to attend to It. I made my recommenda
tions in my message, yet I shall deem
it my place to again lay this matter be
fore them if some action Is not taken
within a few days. I have had the mat
ter under consideration." The governor
thinks it would be a mistake for the
legislature to provide for a constitutional
convention rather than the submission
of prosed amendments to be voted oa al
the next general eceltlon."
The house renewed consideration of II.
R. 143. by Gregg of Wayne, providing that
no one shall be eligible to hold the office
of county superintendent of schools who
does not hold a first grade teacher's cer
tificate. Mr. Gregg moved that his bill
be engrossed for the third reading. Doug
las of Rock opposed the bill, arguing that
many of the counties in the western part
of the state were without first grade cer
tificate teachers and therefore, if this bill
was passed, it would impose the neces
sity of Importing persons for county su
perintendent. Bartow of Valley thought
this was an argument for the bill. Spur
lock of Cass made a forcible speech In
favor of the bill, urging the importance
of. raising the educational standard.
Gregg's motion finally carried by a vote
of 59 to 23. These bills were passed: Ap
propriating $10,000 from the unexpended
beard and colthing fund of the Norfolk
asylum to the maintenance of patients re
moved from that to the Lincoln asylum.
Permitting the small printer to bid on
any state work in separate items he can
furnish, instead of as at present, letting
the printing out in bulk. This is the so
called anti-printing trust bill. Strength
ening the powers of county commission
ers and supervisors in the suppression of
contagious and infectious diseases. To
provide county treasurers with a seal.
Providing the school teachers, principals
and superintendents shall not receive
their full term's pay until they shall
have made the full report required by
law.
NELSON'S BILL DOOMED.
It Is said that Representative Nelson'f
negotiable instrument bill is doomed tc
postponement. The measure is a long one
codifying the laws relating, to paper oi
this character. It is a. copy of the Ohic
law and In many ways is a good measure
It is meeting the objections made against
all radical changes. The members have
not time to study it carefully, and besides
the citizens are against innovations no
matter how good they may be. Repre
sentative Jouvenat of the committee on
banks and currency is in doubt whether
to give the raearure his support and oth
ers have S3 Indicated. The-measure Is oa
the statutes of twenty-two states of the
union at the present time.
Glory ls"t may credit at' the bank.
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Our Soya.
tVhethcr they wore the Union Blue, la
the deadly civil fray;
Or gave their lives In the grand old
fight, when the nation was horn In
a day;
Wherever they wait the angel's trump
to time's remotest hours.
They are love of our love, our loved and
our own.
Our boys, eternally ours.
Whether the palms of far Luzoa whis
per above their graves;
Or their ceaseless requiem is sung by the
sunny Cuban waves;
Wherever they wait the reveille how:
ever the future lowers.
We will never forget, we will claim
them yet.
Our boys, eternally ours.
Whether they pillow weary heads on the
homeland's faithful breast;
Or In unknown caves of the stormy deep
they have laid them down to rest;
Wherever they sleep on land or sea,
desert or shady bowers.
While the old flag waves we will gar
land their graves.
Our boys, eternally ours.
And wfeo shall say they have died In
vain? 'O. traitors and faint . of
heart!
Poor "curs who snarl at heroic deeds
where they dare not take a part;
Tis Godlike to give up life for right,
richest of human dowers.
And to ail earth's days they have won
our praise.
Our boys, .eternally ours.
Wither the hand that seeks to pluck ono
leaf of their laurels won;
Palsy the tongue that lisps' a word to
dim the deeds they have done;
For we swear by the flag to which they
died, and by all God's given pow
ers We will cherish each name, wc will
guard their fame.
Our boys, eternally ours.
Indianana at Chiekamauga.
At Chiekamauga, one of tHe most
fearful fields of all the war, Indiana
raised her starry banners high. She
had thirty-nine organizations repre
sented; she opened the battle; she
fired the last shot; slie captured and
held the only Confederate battery that
met that fate; she at one point saved
the Union army; she gave of her most
distinguished sons and many went to
their last rest upon this field; she lost
3 per cent of her troops engaged and
she bore one-fifth the entire Federal
loss.
A roster of her sons almost writes
Chickamauga's history. John T. Wild
er, Jefferson C. Davis, John M. Bran
can, E. M. McCook, Benjamin F. Scrib
ner, William Grose. Joseph J. Rey
nolds, August Willich, Morton E.
Monument to the Seventy-fifth.
Hunter, Edward A. King, James A.
Mount, Piilemon Baldwin, George P.
Buell, George F. Dick, H. V. Lawton,
Charles Cruft Robinson, Joseph B.
Dodge these are but a few names
graven on Indiana's shield..
And fittingly has the state, paid trib
ute to her heroes. Upon Chickamau
ga's slopes there are thirty-nine monu
ments and seventy-six markers to
show the positions held by her gallant
regiments. In every part of the field
may be seen her distinctive stone.
The Seventy-fifth Regiment, Indi
ana Infantry, was of King's Brigade,
and its monument stands in the Poe
field. Col. Milton S. Robinson and
Lieut-Col. William O'Brien were in
command. Indianapolis News.
All's Fair in War.
"My conscience has always hurt me
just a bit about a little thing that hap
pened at Helena, Ark., during the
war," ald a white-haired veteran,
while musing over some of the side
lights of the '60s, "and I do not mind,
telling you in a confidential way that I
have prayed over it a good many
times. Price was skirmishing round
in the hills back of Helena at the
time. The Confederate lines were in
bad shape. They needed provisions,
clothing and a few other things. There
was a certain merchant in Helena
who had been doing a deal of smug
gling, and I had been keeping pretty
well up with him. Here was my
chance. I told him he could sell
some goods down below town if he
could get out of Helena with them,
and I offered to help him do it He
had a large yawl which he has pressed
into service before, and it did not
take me a great length of time to con
vince him that we could use this yawl
to advantage. He fell right into the
plan. One night we loaded the boat
down with an assorted cargo, clothing,
food, and other things which the mer
chant had In stock. At that time you
couldn't hardly get away from the sol
diers, but we managed to get out into
the river without making much noise.
It was a very dark night.
When we had reached the current
of the stream I suggested to the mer
chant that we lay down in the boat
until we had drifted down below the
city. We allowed the current to drive
us several miles below the city, in
fact, as far down as I wanted ta go,
for I knew exactly where the Confed
erate soldiers were camped. We
pulled into a small bayou and started
to tie up. Suddenly a squad of men
swooped down on us and placed us
under arve3t. Then they began to un
load the boat The merchant did not
seem to care so much about the $2,000
worth of goods he bad in the yawl and !
which the soldiers had confiscated. He
told me we were in great danger of
being shot, but I consoled him by say
ing that I would fix up a scheme to
escape. That night a squad was
named to watch us until daylight
About 3 a. m. I nudged the merchant
and told him the soldiers "were asleep
and we could get away. At first he
was afraid of being shot but I per
suaded him that it was safe, and we
skedaddled. I never saw a man ran
so in my life, and I was so tickled all
the while that I could scarcely keep
from letting the cat out of the bag.
"Up to this 'day that 'fellow feels
that he owes his life very largely to
me, when Iliad deliberately laid the
scheme to rob him of a boatload of
goods for the benefit of the Confed
eracy, and I have often .debated the
raoral aspect of the question la ay
own mind. But I suppose all things
are fair in war. Besides, the' motive
was to kelp the rafferl8S'Coate44rala
"Vf
soldiers and not to hurt and harm the
merchant New Orleans Tiaes-Demo-crat
The Park of. Chiekamauga.
From the observation tower on
Snodgrass Hill (its upper platform
seventy feet high) the entire park of
Chlckaaaaga may be seen, and an ex
cellent Idea gained of a battle, which
haa not an equal in the annals of war;
.though now tourists in tallyhos and
citizens in carriages and traps of
every description ride where cavalry
charged and cannon roared. The
bugle's sound breaks again upon the
ear, but it is the blue uniform only
that answers, not Joe Wheeler's gray
clad men nor A. P. Stewart's invinc
ible riders. The troops of the Seventh
ride and drill.. The regimental band
makes martial music. On the great
parade the scene1 is now all life and
beauty in lieu of death'and desolation.
Chiekamauga presents interesting
features to the student of military his
tory. No battle field in the world is
so accurately marked, yet no battle
field in the world ever presented or
ever will present the confusion of such
swaying,, fighting; lines, the face to
face, hand to hand conflict of -its
ground. This absolute accuracy is due
to the careful cooperation of the par
ticipants on both sides. North and
bouth have united in preserving a
correct history of the encounter. And
to the skill and ability of the courteous
Everard E. Betts, engineer in charge,
much is also due.
Leaving the park you may take
Rosecran's route to Chattanooga,
where he entrenched himself after the
battle, and where Grant succeeded to
the command of the army. Fine old
trees in different parts of the town
shade the .homes marked "headquar
ters" of the various officers. With
this exception the foliage all over
town and suburbs is of new growth.
For this we are Indebted to the sol
dier boys. They swept town and for
ests clean in that bitter cold two
months between the battles of Chieka
mauga and Missionary Ridge.
Cries "Let Ma In."
In the village cemetery at Tylerville,
Conn., civil war veterans have year by
year on Memorial Day placed a wreath
to the memory of Private George
Waterhouse. The records show that
he was shot in 1864 while fighting for
the Stars and Stripes in Louisiana.
He left an aged father and mother
and a younger brother, Frank, when
he went to the front with the Twenty
fourth Connecticut volunteers in 1863.
The regiment was assigned to Gen.
Bank's command and was in the Red
river campaign. Frank Waterhouse,
since the death of his parents, has
kept up the old homestead. He was
aroused by a knock at the door one
night last week.
"Frank Waterhouse, let me in!"
called a voice, shaking with emotion.
"I am your brother George."
Frank opened wide the door. De
spite the silvered hair of the man who
entered Frank recognized the big
brother to whom he had waved good
by thirty-eight years ago, and their
hands clasped. George said that he
had been left for dead on a Louisiana
battlefield, but some negroes found
him, and, observing that life was not
extinct, they changed his uniform for
one of gray, .took him to a cabin, and
cursed him back to health. He
changed his name and drifted to Tex
as, where he started a cattle ranch and
became prosperous.
Later he settled In Pennsylvania.
There came to him recently a longing
to see his old home. He will spend
several weeks with his brother, and
will then return to Texas to inspect
his ranch.
Wearing Gen. Lee's Socks.
The discipline of Gen. Lee's socks
was an "institution" peculiar to our
hospital. Mrs. Lee, it is well known,
spent most of her time in making
gloves and socks for the soldiers. And
she gave me, at one time, several
pairs of Gen. Lee's old socks so darned
that we saw they had been well worn
by our hero. We kept these socks to
apply to the feet of those laggard "old
soldiers" who were suspected of pre
ferring the "luxury" of hospital life
to the activity of the field. And such
was the effect of the application of
these warlike socks that even a threat
of it had the result of sending a man
to his regiment who had lingered
months in Inactivity. It came to be
a standing joke in the hospital, in
finitely enjoyed by the men. If a poor
wretch was out of his' bed over a
week he would be threatened with
"Gen. Lee's socks;" and through this
means some most obstinate cases were
cured. Four of the most determined
rheumatic patients, who had resisted
scarifying of the limbs, and what was
worse, the smallest and thinnest of
diets, were sent to their regiments
and did good service afterward. With
these men the socks had to be left on
several hours, amid shouts of laugh
ter from the 'assistants," showing that
though men may withstand pain and
starvation they succumb to ridicule.
Emily V. Mason in Atlantic.
Strange Battle Experiences.
"Governor Tod," said- the colonel,
"organized as many new regiments in
bis two years in office as any other
state executive. He contributed great
ly to the good of the service by ap
pointing to the new regiments officers
who had seen service in older regi
ments. For example, Capt Opdycke
of the 41st Ohio was made colonel
of the 125th Ohio, which became
known in our division as Opdycke's
Tigers. And they were good fighters.
That reminds me that one of the Ti
gers received what he called a jolt,
that put him out of the Tiger business
for half an .hour.
"This was at Buzzard's Roost, May
11, 1864. The Tiger had just raised
his Springfield rifle to his shoulder,
and after taking aim was just ready
to pull the trigger when a musket
ball fired from a rebel gun entered the
muzzle of bis own rifle. The effect
was to paralyze his arms and his rifle
dropped to the ground. On the same
day Julius Byera of Co. K, 52d Ohio,
was struck by a musket ball which
pasEed through both elbow joints, the
shock to the brain producing instant
death. The doctors regarded the case
as one of the strangest in their ex
perience." Chicago Inter Ocean.
Bird That Traps Bees.
A remarkable bird found in Mexico
is the bee-martin, which has a trick of
ruffling np the feathers on the top of
its, bead into the exact semblance of
a beautiful flower, and when- a bee
cornea along to sip honey from the
supposed flower If is snapped up by
the bird.
Poor Traea and Slight
A non-bilghtlBg pear tree U a thing
greatly to ba deaired. Blight la mora
common oa the pear tree than oa any
other tree bearing large fraita. 8a de
structive haa it been that in maay
stataa farmers ani orchardlsta have
almoat despaired of raising pears prof
itably. This is particularly the case la
Illinois, Wisconsin and adjacent states.
Soma of the pear growers in the
stataa named declare that every bush
el of peara they have sold haa coat
far mora than they were able to get
for It At every meeting in which
pear-growing ia diacuased the qaea-;
tioa of alight la the moat engrossing;
one. It soma one .will lad a preven
tive for pear blight he will revolt
Uoaize the pear-growing business la
the United Stataa,
There are a good many experiment
era at work oa tao problem. Some are
attempting to derotop seedling; pear
trees that shall ba Mlghtlesa. Others
are eadeavoratg to lad seedling pear
traea that have been able to resist the
blight tin old age, which is considered
a good promise of blight resistant
properties in traea developed from
their sdona. Among peara that have
held out great promise of being blight
resistant are the Seckel, the Lincoln
and the Sudduth. It was for a long
time believed that the Seckel was ab
solutely Might proof. A man la Indi
ana soma years ago told the writer
that ha waa about to set oat 60,000
Seckel pear trees, aa he knew they
were absolutely blight proof. He ex
pected to make a fortune off them.
Though this immunity waa claimed for
the Lincoln pear tree, it la reported to
have blighted quite badly in soma lo
calities. The Sadduth yet remains
to be tented, over wide areas. It haa
proved to be blight proof in its native
location, la Sangamoa county, Illi
nois, where the pareat tree haa stood
for upward of 80 years. Some of the
treea developed from its scions have
siooa tao test xor aoout w years, we
nave strong nopea tnai uus pear may
prove to be absolutely blight proof.
Up to the present time wa have heard
no bad reporta concerning It If demon
strated to ba absolutely blight proof
It will prove a great boon to pear
growers.
The work of producing seedlings
should also be carried on extensively.
Out of the millions of seedlings grown
may coma at least one that will he
hardy enough to resist all attacka of
fungi. Farmers' Review.
The Peach Orchard.
H. L. Doan of Jacksonville, miaols,
read a paper at the Illinois State Hor
ticultural Convention In which he
said:
Peach treea are set when not more
than one year from bud. The dis
tance apart varies with different
growers. The usual distance is twen
ty feet apart each way. Trees planted
this distance are easily cultivated aad
heading in may not be necessary.
Some growers plant closer and by giv
ing extra tillage and fertilizing, force
trees to bear young nnd by the time
.the trees begin to crowd the orchard
has paid for itself and some of the
trees may be removed. I would not
advise thia pun for geaeral purposes.
Peach orchards should aot be cropped
after the third year. Very frequeat
stirring of the ground from May until
August la the best general plan of til
lage. Never seed down a peach orch
ard or sow it to grain. It i easy to
produce an overgrowth on strong
lands. These trees bear tardily and
in some cases are not productive.
They run to wood. Peaches which
overgrow are likely to suffer in win
ter. The best results we hnd last year
were from peach trees set in moder
ately rich ground planted to potatoes
the first year, aad after that given
clean culture with spading disk with
out beiag cropped. The peach re
sponds most kindly to good culture,
and makes rapid growth. We have not
used any fertilizer on our trees, as
growth has been very satlsfactorv.
I fI notice last year that some trees
planted on ground which had been
manured heavily before planting bore
venr little fruit: they hnd made too
jBtrong a growth nnd had devoted all
.their energy to making wood; very
few fruit buds showing up on these
trees, which were the most flourish
ing looking on the place, whilst all
other trees on the place were too full
Some trees planted near the house
and seeded down to grass after the
first year had to be fertilized befora
they came into bearing; the fertilizer
used waa droppings from the hen
house which proved very satisfactory
and gave good results.
Wisconsin Horticultural Meeting.
The annual meeting of the Wiscon
sin State Horticultural Association
will be held in the capital at Madison
February 3 to 6. That the convention
will be a good one is assured by the
program which contains the follow
ing: New varieties of apples F. H.
Chappel; Apples Safe to Plant In
Wisconsin, A. C. Tuttle; Crab Seed
lings for Apple Root Grafts, A. D.
Barnes; Commercial Orcharding in
Wisconsin, J. G. Bnehler; Commercial
Orcharding, Geo. T. Tippin; Failure
of Apples, A. J. Phillips; Seedlings
to Grow and Test, F. K. Phoenix;
Pollination. C. L. Miller; Vegetable
Growing Under Glass. A. C. McLean;
Care of the Farm Orchard, J. C. Shot
tier; Starting a Young Orchard,
Bonzelet; Our Native Plums, Frank
Stark; Blight, Frederick Cranefield;
Plant Breeding, A. T. Irwin; Tree Dig
ging, M. S. Kellogg; Growing Vegeta
bles, John Vnnloon; Strawberry Cul
ture, J. P. Reasoner; How to Grow
Pears, J. L. Schultz. We hope to see
many readers of tie Farmers' Review
present at the meeting.
F. W. Taylor Chief of Horticulture.
A communication from the Louisi
ana Purchase Exposition says: An
nouncement Is made by the Executive
Committee of the World's Fair to be
held in St Louis in 1901, that Mr.
Frederic W. Taylor, who haa been
acting chief for the past year, is to
be chief of the department of horti
culture dating from January L This
la addition to the appointment made
mora than a year ago by which Mr.-
Taylor haa been and is to continue
chief of the department of agriculture..
It seams desirable to have these two
great departments bandied as a har
monious whole, since the buildings So
bouse them are located upon aad oc"
enpy exclusively n large and high hill
in the most commanding position ou
the exposition grounds. The building
devoted to horticulture will cover six
acres aad the one .devoted to agricul
ture twenty acres. Surrounding these
:wv buildings are forty-oae acres or
ground, tiw-aatira area of which bas
beam placed ta aa hands of the ckief
(or pmatlif tad treatment.
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Canada Thistles.
Some of the earlier American botan
ists held the opinion that while the
Canada thistle had doubtless been in
tredaeed Into New' England from Eu
rope, it waa probably iadlgaaaaa la
western Canada, ft new appears very
Improbable that it la indlgeaeua any
where on the American continent It
waa evidently Introduced Into the
French settlement In Canada earlier
than Jato the English and Dutch col
onies of New England and the Middle
Stataa. It Is reported to have been
found about the reeideaces of French
missionaries in Canada early in the
seventeenth century. There la a tra
dition that it was purposely intro
duced, into Canada by the French for
feeding swine; but there appears to be
no just ground for this tradition, ns
there la no record that thistles were
ever used to any considerable exteat
aa food for swine in Europe. It Is
said to have been iatroduced into
eastern New York with the hay aad
camp equipage of Burgoyne's army la
1777. It probably reached Vermoat at
the same time or previously, as it waa
recognized aa a troublesome weed la
that state earlier than in New York.
The farmers of Vermont had became
so greatly alarmed by its progress that
a law waa passed by the legislature
in 1795 directing its destruction on nil
lands within the state. In 1813 the
legislature of New York passed a law
authorizing certain towna to pay re
wards for its destruction. These laws
were well enforced at first, as they
were passed at the request of the
farmers directly interested. But the
farmers soon learned that the thistle
could be controlled, nnd then their
alarm ceased and with it their interest
in the complete extermlnntion of the
plant
Storing Seed Corn.
A cflmmnnfcatlnn front the
Iowa
Experiment Station saya:
Owing to the extremely wet
followed in many sections by an early
frost, the problem of seed corn for
1903 la of unusual importance. Those
who save seed corn from their own
fields should take unusual precantiena
to thoroughly dry and store in a well
ventilated place. There, are maay dif
ferent methods of storing seed corn,
but the experiments which have been
conducted by the station Indicate:
1st That it Is not advisable ta
harvest Immature corn nnd place in a
warm room, ns there Is danger that
the corn will begin to germinate aa a
result of the moisture and warmth.
2nd. That corn intended for aeed
should be allowed to thoroughy ma
ture on the stalk or In the shock be
fore husking.
3rd. That the best results are ob
tained when stored in a dry and thor
oughly ventilated place.
4th. That cold does not Injure the
vitality of corn when it is thoroughly
dried ani kept dry, but on the other
hand, if allowed to gather moisture,
freezing will reduce the vitality and
may destroy it entirely.
5th. That it is unwise to store seed
corn in barrels or boxes,as it will gath
er moisture. Corn often contains a
great deal of moisture, even though it
appears to be thoroughly dry. This is
especially true during the fall and
early winter months.
The one thing that seems to be the
most esential in the storing of seed
corn is thorough ventilation.
Nitrogen Gatherers.
Bulletin 76 of the Illinois station
says: The Investigations of Atwater
fn America, Boussingault and Ville in
France, Heliriegel, Willfarth and
Nobbe in Germany, Lavves and Gilbert
in England, et al., have fully estab
lished the scientific facts: (1) that
leguminous plants, as the clovers,
peas, beans, vetches, alfalfa, etc., have
the power to gather or accumulate,
free nitrogen from the atmosphere;
(2) that this fixation of free nitrogen
is actually accomplished by microscop
ic organisms called bacteria which live
in little nodules or tubercles, upon
the roots of the legumes; and (3) that
for different species of leguminous
plants, there are also different species
of "nitrogen gathering" bacteria.
Many investigations have also been
conducted to determine the amounts
of nitrogen which can be fixed by dif
erent leguminous plants, but these ex
periments have actually been carried
on in pure sand cultures under condi
tions which necessitate that all nitro
gen which the legumes secures must
be obtained from the air. There is
abundance of evidence that legumin
ous plants secure some nitrogen from
the air when grown in ordinary soil,
if they are provided with the bacteria.
Indeed, the presence of the tubercles
upon the roots is one of the evidences
that free nitrogen is being fixed, and
another evidence of that fact is found
in the beneficial effects of clover and
other legumes in crop rotations.
National Crop Reports.
In accordance with -a request of
congress, the Secretary of Agriculture
has submitted a report on the ad
visabilitr -f consolidating the Weath
er Bureau and the Bureau of Crop
Statistics. Ia part he says: t have
examined in detail the workings of
the Weather Bureau and of the Di
vision of Statistics in this department
and as a result of such examination 1
have the honor to report that it is la
advisable to consolidate with the
Weather Bureau the work of this de
partment relating to the gathering
and compilation of crop reports and
statistics. I find no duplication of
the work of the Weather Bureau in
the Division of Statistics cor of that
of the Division of Statistics in the
Weather Buresu. The work of the
Weather Bureau is wholly meteorolog
ical and that of the Division of Sta
tistics wholly statistical. The Weath
er Bureau bas in its employ no statis
ticians or statistical experts, and tne
transfer of the statistical work of the
department to that bureau would in
evitably result In a subordination of
that work to meteorology that would
be mischievous in the extreme."
It has become an established fact
in agriculture that the continued
growth for successlre years of the
same kind or family of plants on the
same soil is one of the surest and must
speedy means of impairing, and, in
many cases, rendering that particular
soil unfit for bearing further crops of
that kind.
Coal ashes have been known to ben
3fit certain heavy soils by rendering
them lighter and more porous, but do
net ia themselves possess much value
for fertilizing purposes.
' m
Turkeys ars umccent birds; alsost
ud silly wexsan can stuff them.
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'Bnuumnu SnmBaLfr rVrnTi
Care ef Skimmilk.
In the creamery the care ef skim
milk by the farmers is of prime im
portance to the creamery managers,2
It la all very well for the patrons to
say that ia not the creamery mana
gers business to tell them hew they
should handle their skimmilk, but it
ta nevertheless hia baalneas to a very
considerable extent The manner of
handling the skimmilk will directly
affect the quality of the sweet aad
whole milk delivered to the creamery.
Thia may he put down as a constant
principle. When one hundred patrons
haul home skimmilk ia their cans
some of them 'are morally certain to
leave it in the cans far hours nnd to
imperfectly wash out the cans after
the skimmilk Is removed. Unless this
skimmilk haa been pasteurized, it will
be developiag bacteria during nil this
time of waiting. If the cans are al
lowed to contain skimmilk ten or
twelve hours the good and bad bac
teria will be multiplied by the mil
lions. The cans will be washed out
but indifferently, aad will then be
used to convey the new milk. On the
wuy to the creamery this new milk
will be given a "starter" from the
seams of the cans where the sour, bit
ter or putrid milk bacteria bad lodged.
If out of the huadred patrons only
two or three farmers thus handle their
milk the damage is yet great The
milk of nil is contaminated by the
milk of the few careless ones. The
bad flavors ripen in the cream and
the flavor of the butter is "off."
So it is the business of the cream
ery manager to see that the skimmilk
ia properly taken care of. Some have
suggested that at every creamery where
whole milk is received there should
be an arrangement for feeding the
skimmilk to swine Instead of seading
it back to the farms. This is done ia
some places and that successfully. It
eliminates one factor of milk contam
ination. Farmers Review.
After Separating.
J. W. Newman: Every butter
maker should see that his separator
runs smoothly and with regular speed,
and that as near as possible to the
speed Intended for that particular ma
chine, which is usually stamped on
the bowL It la not wise to run any
separator much faster owing to the
danger of injuring the bearings or
bursting the bowL As soon as sepa
ration ia complete the separator
should be thoroughly washed, get
ting every particle out of the crev
ices, and then have It thoroughly
blown out with live steam, so that
all parts coming In contact with milk
or cream will be perfectly sterile.
The heat absorbed by the bowl will
then cause all dampness to vaporize,
thus leaving all parts dry and free
from danger of rusting.
Immediately after separation the
cream should be cooled down to
about 70 degrees. Always have ready
a good pasteurised skim-milk starter.
to put into cream when separation is
finished so as to set up the desired
fermentation, and to overcome the
evil effects of any injurious forms of
bacteria that may have been in the
milk. Cream Is ripened to improve.
the yield, flavor and keeping quality
of the butter.
A good starter Is a boon to suc
cessful butter making. It hastens the
development or lactic acid, allows the
cream to be ripened at a lower tem
perature, and to a great extent con
trols the flavor of the butter. It is
important that the starter has a good
flavor.
Temperature in Cream Ripening.
Oscar Erf: In the ripening of
cream we prefer to separate cream
very rich, about 20 to 35 per cent, and
thin, down to 25 per cent, with a clean
flavored starter. Theoretically wc as
sume that the more of the tainted
skimmilk we can get out of the cream
and replace it with a starter, the bet
ter results we will have. This plan
bears out well in practice. A certain
temperature for ripening cream seems
to have little effect on the flavor, pro
vided the cream is ripened above UO
degrees and below 90 degrees F. The
ripening is. however, much hastened
by high temperature. A satisfactory
temperature is from C5 degrees to 70
degrees for summer, and from 72 de
grees to SO degrees for winter. Th
cream should be stirred occasionally
during the ripening process. This is
essential for several reasons. It
aerates the cream. Insures evenness in
ripening, prevents the surface from
drying which is one of the causes ot
mottled butter and furnishes freo
oxygen to aerobic germs, which seem
to play a part in the ripening process.
The Cow to Eliminate.
H. R. Wright: In selecting cow3 to
be kept for milking purposes 5.000
pounds of milk and 200 pounds of but
ter per annum is a standard which the
profitable cow ought to reach or ex
ceed. It is plain that the value 61
the cow's product must be measured
by the value of her butter added to tho
value of the skimmed milk; and that
a cow that gives less than 5,000
pounds of milk might easily make
more than 200 pounds of butter or,
vice versa, depending upon the test
of the milk. A very little labor ex
pended in ascertaining which, of tho
cows are supporting their owner and
which ones are being supported by
him, will be a source of great profit to
him A number of late investigations
have clearly shown that cows in the
same community return all the way
from 50c to 82 for each dollar's worth
of their feed. Eliminate the 50c cow.
Harvest Always Being Gathered.
Crops are being harvested some
where in the world during every
month in the year. South Africa and
Peru harvest in November, and Ben
gal. Bunnah and New South Wales in
December.
Jamaica May Grow Cotton.
Jamaica is talking of introducing
the cultivation of cotton to make up
for the decline in cugar. Cottcn is
being grown in Montserrat. in Santa
Lucja, and in several of the Leewarti
islands.
tow Wages in Scotland.
Caithness. Orkney and Shetland are.
Scottish counties in which the wages
of agricultural workers are at the low-,
est. A plowman there still consider
himself well paid at 14 shillings a
week.
Minneapolis a Scandinavian City.
Minneapolis is ths second largest
fc'tandinavian city.
Jealousy and envy are paid-up mort-.
gages of human nature.
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