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About The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 4, 1903)
"Wr "-''f"J ' " rsi-11 i ' - , - .-'--5. " t ', , "ft:s? wUVkj. il; Tj - -"J TJ- ' ' "i T" -v- XV - . . . ,. VnHiilS EamninmmmmVBBmf Prayer for Corrades. God give them luck (for jrengh so often falls) . ... - , Luck to dodse death-burst shell ana flying hoof; ,. God wake thrir hands swift in the work that conies. Their tunics bullet-proof. When the smoke ruffs along the fronting StCtM t When the suns -wheel and doubt rides down the line. Lt the hiph courage of our race call up These belted friends of mine. And when "lights out t" has sounded through the camp Bring them, in sleep. the peace they used to know; lt them forget, 'til dawn, the weary march. The hunger and the foe. The Criterion. Rear Admiral Balch. Rear Admiral George B. Balch, U. S. N., retired, who enjoys the distinction or being the oldest living flag officer of Uncle Sam's navy since the death of Rear Admiral Thomas O. SeUrtdge, Sr.. quietly observed his 82d birthday .at his home' at Baltimore recently. Despite his years and full 46 years of the most arduous and-active service in the navy before his retirement, 20 vears ago, Admiral Balch enjoys most excellent health, is quite active and ragged, and bids fair to live riany - years yet to enjoy the honors of his distinguished position. He was several times superintendent or the naval academy and directed the education of hundreds of the present officers of the navy. His last duty as commandant at the academy was as recent as 1S79-81. He was thoroughly up-to-date in the advancement of naval ships and war fare, having not only seen but been quite a factor in the change to the modern methods and fighting ships, having kept abreast of the times, sometimes in advance, and a thorough champion of all that was good in the new ideas. Rear Admiral Balch is a southerner, having been born in Tennessee in 1821. Facing to the Front. "We had an explosion near our " school building the other day," said the professor, "and I was greatly In- terested in .the bearing of children under the unusual excitement. Of a group of boys nearest the scene of trouble all scurried away except two. One of these faced, in-a dazed, me chanical way, toward the smoke, - brought his heels together and stood in the position of a soldier, straight and stolid, awaiting developments. The other boy threw himself flat on the ground, and with head slightly raised watched unexcltedly the tur moil about the scene of the explosion. "I knew both boys well and their fathers before them. Going out from Nashville along the Murfreesboro nikc on the 26th of December, 1862, our brigrade, part of Rosecrans army, moving on Stone river, came suddenly on the rear guard of the enemy. Our company was marching at the time in two ranks in the middle of the white road, while other companies and bat talions were in order of battle on either side of the road. As the ad vance, we were pressing forward, not anticipating any serious resistance, when we saw on a rise in front of us, and beyond our skirmishers and Tidettes, the flash of brass field guns, going into position. "A minute later three cannon balls struck in quick succession, on the road " not three feet to the left of the center of our company as It halted in two " rank formation, extending back along ' the pike. Every one was taken by . surprise by the suddenness and vlcl--ousness of the attack, but not a man moved. The man nearest the spots where the shots struck the hard, macadamized road, 'and whose face and clothes were covered with the .dust and crave! thrown up, looked '."-' neither to the right nor the left, but, . -.straightening his figure, stood at at tention, facing squarely to the front The next shot might strike him aad it might come in an Instant but iastinc tively he faced the danger, whatever --'it was. . . "The colonel, not twenty feet away, "noticed the bearing; of the mea with ' a gleam of pride In. his eyes, aad then .- said in a matter of fact way. They . have your-range, men. Move oft tae -. road before they, fire agala.' The '- '-men moved deliberately to the Una of . fence on the roadside and a minute later three more cannon balls were planted just where the company aad '"stood, and again my Stolid man faced ' to the front and said unexcltedly, There they go. They have skedad- '; died.' Four days later I saw this same man in the panic hoar of a day's ' battle and in the midst of the teror and confusion he stood, stolidly facing ' to the front and other men teeing from crumbling lines, aligned taem- . selves upon him. "So it happened that he became the center of a-new line of desperate ' fighters looking for something to rally upon, for something to dug to in the storm of battle, -for somebody who would stand against the pursuing enemy. He stood aad-they stood, and later it became a-habit with all of them when confronted by danger to face as he faced that day, and to con fidently await developments. The boy who faced, the smoke on the day .of . our small explosion .was the youngest son of my stolid soldier friend aad my theory is that he did as he did because it was ia his blood to do it aad that the instinct of facing to the ' front in time-of danger will .go down to his sons and grandsons." Chicago Inter Ocean. Got Wood for Campflree. ' "When we first camped at Shell Mound, after crossing the Tennessee it: IMS, there was a neat, substantial wfKjmk ' III IpiP AbWVAU. UO.0MUf,USN. brick building used as the railway sta tion, aad the orders were that the structure be strictly guarded." says an old soldier. "It was, but la the comings aad goings, up aad dowm the Tennessee the boys seeded brick for fire places ia their little shaaties aad frame timbers for the same. A tew bricks were torn out f rst from one corner and then from another, "until the building was pronounced unsafe. Then the mea of the regiment swoop ed down upon it like vultures, aad la twenty minutes there was only a bar skeleton left, and that was carried off that night. "Open campaigns in winter would have abounded in hardships had it not been that most of the men in the ser vice were good fire builders. Whea we first entered Kentucky ia Jaauary, 18C2, every fence rail was tied down, as the boys put it, with the order doa't touch,' and I have seen three thou sand men shivering in rain and snow through a cold night, without shelter and without fire because there was nothing to burn. There were trees and wood piles all about us, but none for soldiers. Several of our officers were put under arrest because they instructed their men to appropriate wood or rails to prevent suffering. "In one case a colonel became popu lar at home and in the army because on a stormy night he took possession of a wood yard and a straw stack and worked energetically to make Ms men comfortable. When threatened with a court martial the next day he paid for straw and wood and said nothing about it The boys found It out, however, and the year alter tae war that colonel received the vote of every man In our township. Repub lican and Democrat, for sheriff, and. he was re-elected and re-elected with out organized opposition in the coun ty, until he insisted he was too old to serve. All because he believed that when the boys needed things to burn they must have things to burn." Another Bunker Hill Musket Reading in a recent Globe about the musket owned by Dr. T. G. Simp son of West Fairlee, Vt, from which was fired the first shot at the battle of Bunker Hill, reminds me that a Chelmsford family owned a musket from which they contended was fired the first shot at the battle of Bunkei Hill. In the Forefathers' cemetery at Chelmsford Center there is a moss covered slate headstone which bears the following inscription: "Sacred to the memory ef Mr. Jo seph Spalding, who died July 31, 1820, aet 64. In hope of eternal life, which God, who cannot lie, hath promised to believers in Jesus Christ He was among the brave assertors and de fenders of the liberties of his country at Bunker Hill, where he opened the battle by firing upon the enemy before orders were given, and after enjoying for many years the blessings of civil and religious liberty in common with others, "He sank to rest. With ail his country's wishes blest" The old musket is no longer In ex istence, as it was destroyed by fire, together with other valuable revolu tionary relics, when the old home stead was burned several years ago. Chelmsford, Dec. 29, 1902. J. R. Park hurst Boston Globe. First Colored Enlisted Man. To Worcester, Mass.. really belongs the credit of sending the first colored man to the front. He enlisted on April 19. 1861. in the Emmet guards of Worcester, which was a part of the old Third battalion under Major, who afterward became Gen. Devens. He served with the first three months volunteers sent from Massachusetts, and served his time with the battalion at Fort McHenry at Baltimore. After ward he enlisted in the Fifth cavalry of Massachusetts colored volunteers under Col. Russell, now fire commis sioner of the city of Boston. He served with that regiment throughout Its entire career and re turned with it to Massachusetts, where he has since lived. He is a man that can readily pass for white. It was known by his comrades in the Emmet guards that he was a colored man; he was not asked by the mustering officer whether he was white or colored. Up on the state rolls on his first enlist ment he is classed as white, while on the rolls of the Fifth cavalry he Is des ignated as colored. The Youngest Soldier. The Chicago American publishes the following letter from a veteran: v "I am a reader of your paper and In last Saturday's issue I saw a story en titled 'Youngest Soldier of the Civil War.' While this soldier may have enlisted younger thaa I did, I believe I am entitled to the distinction of be ing the youngest soldier of the eivil war. The article claims this soldier enlisted when twelve years nine months and two days old, In lStVas a drummer boy. We had many Tory young drummer boys. On the rolls you would find me enrolled at nineteen years old, bat this is an assumed ago. My correct age was fourteen years. I was born Jan. 19, 1850; enlisted Feb. 12, 1864, and served until the dose of the war. Now, who is the youngest soldier? I enlisted ia Company G, Forty-ninth Ohio Isfantry, as a pri vate aad carried a musket until the .war was over. "Henry Wise. 'Company G,-Forty-ninth Ohio Volun teer Infantry, First Brigade. Third Division, Fourth Army Corps. "Alms, Mich." . Still Wears His War-time Cap. ."There's a negro at Athens," said a member of one of the Georgia poeV ."who has worn the cap he wore dur ing the war every day since, and it has been patched and mended more than 500 times. The negro was a ser vant to one of the men who went out from that city, and he had followed him throughout the war. When he re turned home he told his young master that he intended to wear the cap as long as he lived, and so far he has carried out his intention. I under stand that one reason the negro liked the cap was that a bullet went through it In one of the battles and plowed a trench through his wool." Healthiest Spot in the World. One of the healthiest spots in the world is the island of Pico, In the Aaores. It has a population of about 3,000. For 395 years it has not had a physician or a drug store or a con tagious disease. Whea residents bo come so old that they think it is time to die, they move to a less healthy place. .SamtfBsfslaBBBBBBBSBBBBwte. Fowl TyphoM. " The microscope, in the hands ef specialists, Is beginning te bring or dr out of the chaos in oar knowledge of fowl diseases. Fowl typhoid has bean found by the Rhode Island sta tion to be very prevalent In that part of the country. In one case the dis ease broke out among 2.000 fowls on one farm, and carried off 600 of them in n few weeks. It was found, after n sod deal of laboratory work, that the disease waa caused by a rodshaped bacillus. It is quite different from the germ of fowl cholera, which Is a va riant of the rabbit septicaemia, to which the goose septicaemia belongs. The experiments demonstrated that the bacilli were fatal for rabbits and heas and that guinea pigs resisted it Hens that were fed germs, died, while one laoculated .under its Skin did not, Ia nature the germ lstaken.up by the hea as n contamination of the food or water, enters the intestine and gains access to the body through the in testinal wall, probably through a wound. In the course of the disease, few" heaVara noticed to be sick for many 1 days. So virulent Is the typhoid germ that it usually kills, the victim ia less than two weeks after its .at tack, or, as" stated by Dr. Moore, in from eight to fifteen days when" fed' either ia .cultures or-viscera of' di eased fowls. Many cases probably re cover and become a source of danger, owing to the spread of bacilli which they may harbor, after the acute stage of the disease is run. Such cases re main thin and weak for a long time if allowed to live. Inasmuch as one possible method, of introducing the disease' is through purchases, it will always be necessary for purchasers to inquire Into the his tory of the nocks from which addi tions are to be made, aad especially to examine Into the condition of fowls. It Is often better in any case to Keep new purchases'by themselves for some weeks or until It Is apparent that they are healthy. For Meat Profit From Farmers' Review: Usually In the fall the poultry round up takes place, the surplus stock Is disposed of. if not it should, and while this is fresh la the mind let's look at the pure bred vs. the scrub from the weigh point of view. One chick weighs five pounds, another, same age and cafe, four pounds; oae hen weighs seven and a half; another, same age and feed, six pounds; if botu sets are sold the same day at eight cents per pound one can easily figure the profitable weighers. If one has the B. P. Rocks and another mixed sorts, the weights will be much as above la favor of the Rocks, often more difference, and the Rocks are as easily raised and fattened as the mixed and will lay as many or more eggs be fore marketing. With other breeds and mixed chicks there will be a great er difference the Brahmas and Coch ins will give larger weight with per haps fewer eggs, but they are easier raised. The Leghorns ana Minorcas will not weigh so much, but the egg laid will be much larger. 'Dottes about the same as the Rocks. The difference in above weights will often spell the profit or loss when the account Is balanced. While thinking over this, go a little farther and invest in as many pure breds as you can, not necessarily prize winners, but good farm birds. Don't expect to get prize winners for $1 each, nor expect to get pure breds of any sort at price of mixed. If they are worth more than the common sort, cheerfully pay a reasonable price. Don't covet the nice birds, but hold on to the purse so tight that like a per son I heard of. kick against the price of a setting of pure bred eggs in May. then in August "swap" with oae of the children from the market basket Per haps it will be well to state they did no good; how could they? Justice is not always blind. Don't make light of a neighbor's flock of pure breds, then if the chance comes make a sly ex changethe bird might be "doctored" like the eggs. Strive to get the best but get it honestly. Emma Clear waters. Lime as Egg Preserver. After slaking and settling the lime the clear solution was drawn off for use In the test On May 18. 1899, twenty Leghorn eggs, laid during the five days May 12th to 16th, were washed and placed in a stone jar, and the solution of lime' and salt poured over them until all the eggs were fully surrounded and covered by the liquid. Result: Good, 100 per cent; bad. 0 per cent This jar was opened I May 30. 1900. The surface of the liquid was crusted, and considerable slit had settled to the bottom of the jar. The shells of the eggs which' were sunken in the silt appeared very fresh. The exteriors of the shells were clean and clear. The air cells were not Increased In size. The whites and yolks were normal in appearance. The whites beat up nicely, but had a slight ly sallae taste. Several used as dropped eggs appeared to be nice, but had n slightly sharp taste. This old fashioned method of preserving eggs is thus again proved effective. R. L Station. A Fertile Soil is Drouth Resistant Keep the soil rich If you wish It to be able to carry Its crops through the drouth. The farms In the east that have been robbed of their fertility have also' become the prey of drouth. The sparse crops on them fall down easily uader the glare of the' hot sun from -a rainless sky. This is the ob servation ef good farmers; It Is also the ttarhiffgr of science. Among the many experiments that bear out the above statements Is a recent one Im ported from .Germany. Rye, wheat, barley; peas, beans, potatoes and fleld beets were given varying quantities of a complete fertilizer-application, and the number of fibrous roots'to a depth of about Ave feet were ascertained. The results' indicated that In general a good supply of. plant food. tends to produce a strong, well-developed root system, with roots growing to greater depths than when the supply of. plant food Is limited. For this reason the heavily fertilized crops are better able to withstand drouth than those having received but light applications. Electrically operated shears, guided by hand, clip tne fleece from an aver age sheep in three minutes. The fast eat operators with hand-power shears require eight minutes to the sheep. The electrical clippers has the form of the barber's clipper. i The exportation of cattle from Cuba ' to nrohihited. ev sanasssssT anaaasssHisaiaA bm w Bcnama Bnnsxr sssssaaw 'sssssana BMassnr ramnri ipjssBSl snann wSSJ - Well-Proved' Principles In Feeding. 'The feeder must take account Of three groups of nutrients In feed stuffs protein, carbohydrates and fats, says H..R. Wright, dairy com missioner of Iowa. A certain pro portion must exist between these three classes of nutrients, la .order to secure the largest production of milk possible for the animal. The digestible -fats and carbohydrates are the producers of heat and energy, or are the. source of the -fat deposited upon the body of the animal -The fat is about two and one-half times, as valuable for these purposes as the carbohydrates. Protein may also, be used by the animal In the production of 'both heat and energy and in a general. way. may take the place of the other nutrients, but neither the car bohydrates nor the fat. can take the place' of the' protein in the formation of 'the muscles, hair, ' brain and nerves, and. the casein .and albumen of the -milk: Hence, protein is an ab solute '.essential for the production of milk' by an-animal. It is "easy to-see that'the. proper amount of protein, fed in connection' with - the proper amount of carbohydrates and fat, will result in 'the' maximum production of inilk, . and that a" lesser amount of protein fed would result in a reduc tion of the amount of milk for lack of material out of which one of its parts may be produced, wif the cow gives milk at all Its av erage' composition will be about the same and no change in the feed will result In a permanent Increase or de crease of any of the constituents of the;milk of that particular cow. The popular Idea that by feeding a lot of condor anything else,, the butterfat may be Increased is a fallacy that has been disproved .by scores of careful experiments. The cow gives . milk with, a certain percentage of fat in it which' is subject to changes by reason of excitement or heat or cold or. condition of health, but no condi tion of feeding can make aS per cent cow out of- one that naturally gives but 3 per cent milk. Corn-Stalk Diseases and Microbes. From Farmers' Review: I see by a note in The Chicago Record-Herald of, Dec 13.-1902, that "One of the sclen: tlsts declares that laziness is a disease due to the presence of a microbe. Now at least we know which microbe has the greatest, circulation on earth.". In the same paper, an editorial on. the "Toy Trust," states that "A few years ago the bacteriologists advised us to boil the children's Christmas toys, in order to sterilize them." This has been the wettest season ever known In the history of Putnam coun ty, Illinois. All the sloughs and creeks have been full of' water all the time and hence no stock of any kind has suffered for want of plenty to drink. Last year was about the dryest season we remember of, and these conditions were just the reverse. I have not read, nor heard of, after inquiring a good deal.. of a single critter lost this fall by the so-called "corn-Btalk dis ease," and last year there were scores and scores of cattle and horses all over the country lost by the "corn stalk disease." I suppose the scien tists would explain this by saying that that particular microbe which pro duce's the "corn-stalk disease" did not happen to have any circulation at all this present season. ," Surely this must be'TSO, for if that kind of microbe had any 'circulation some one, must have sterilized all the corn-stalks this fall. As I said in The Farmers' Review last year, use a little judgment when first letting cattle in-a stalk field in a dry season. Always have a good tank heater, plenty of pure, warm water and salt and you will always block the 'circulation of the miscrobes com pletely. Henry Turner, Putnam County, 'Illinois. Subsoiling. Bulletin 66, Arkansas Experiment station: Subsoiling like other farm operations may be rightly or wrongly done. Certain crops derive greater benefits from It than' others, and the same is .true of certain soils. Stiff soils, those with a close or tenacious subsoil and soils under which has formed a hardpan, are undoubtedly benefited by subsoiling, while the op eration has a drying effect upon soils inclined to be too wet and increases the capacity of soils for holding mois ture in periods of drouth. It enables the roots of plants to penetrate more freely and deeper in search of plant food and moisture, it increases the bulk of the soil proper, and permits of freer circulation of air in the soil. A loose,, sandy soil that is naturally quite deep will not in all probability derive much benefit from subsoiling unless the operation is accomplished by the incorporation of a quantity of organic' matter. Very nearly all sub soils, as they naturally exist, are un productive, and if brought to the sur face in quantity 'the result at first will probably be to decrease rather than increase the yield. . Could Not Change Fat Content Another attempt has been made' to change the fat content of milk by control of the feed. This time the trial occurred in England, where it is still DODularly believed that "rich ; feed makes rich milk." Six cows were tea a ration consisting 01 am bages, oat straw, bean meal and bar ley meal. This was during the first part of the test This feed. It will bo observed, was very poor in carbo hydrates and should, according, to the theory of some, give a milk very poor In butter fat Analyses were made of this milk. Then two of the cows were fed corn meal In addition to their former ration, and two other cows were fed. linseed meal in addi tion to what they had been receiving. The milk of these four cows, under such a regimen, showed no increase of fat The variations that did oocur from time to time were attributed to. the effects of the weather. -Burned or scorched milk may have its unpleasant taste removed by the following process: The saucepan should be taken very carefully off the fire so that the burned part may not mix' with the milk at the ten and placed la -a' pan of cold water until the bottom of the saucepan ia quite coot Then pour the milk carefully away, leaving the burned part at the bottom. A clean dairy barn is possible only if perfect arrangements are made for taking care of the manure. If you have built castles In the air vour work need not be lost; that Is where they should be. Now patfoua- datioas undo. tiisscplii Jll -- 7kansssW - Present Outbreak of Fsot-and-Mswih Disease. 'The present epidemic of contagious foot-and-mouth disease In New Eng land was first discovered nsar Boston, where it rapidly spread into many towns ia eastern Massachusetts and into Rhode Island and Vermont The history of its outbreak in Vermont is as follows: Sixteen cows bought at a sale at Acton, Mass., were shipped to Gassstt's station In the town of Chester, and received on November 2lst whence they were driven to a nearby farm. , Thirteen of those cows were sold and driven to Chester sta Uon, four miles distant on November 24th, where they were distributed among the farmers who purchased them. These infected cows caused a new outbreak of the disease at each place where they went and also In fected the highway over which they traveled. Four of them were driven fifteen miles further to a farm In the town of Windham, from which In turn other farms have become infected. No vember 26, two days later, the original Vermont- buyer, becoming alarmed, drove the diseased Massachusetts cows back to bis own. farm. Before v becom ing aware of the presence of the dis ease in his herd, however, he sola two calves to twp parties living "near Perkinsvllle in the town of Weathers field, in whose herds foot-and-mouth disease now prevails.- Two herds in the town of Springfield' are quaran tined on suspicion because of exposure through these Perkinsvllle cases. No cases are now known to exist outside of this area. Inasmuch, however, as highways, the feet of animals passing thereon, the shoes of pedestrians, of visitors to infected farms, eta, may bear the Infection, particular watch fulness and care are called for on the part of all stock owners. Strawberries Under Cloth. The Experiment, Station Record thus reviews some experiments by O. W. Blacknall: He has successfully used thin muslin, known as tobacco plant bed cloth, as a protection for strawberries. In his experience the berries grow larger, the blossoms are better' pollenized, and the plants more productive under cloth than when grown in the open. He considers also that the slight increase of warmth ob tained, by lessening the radiation at night was " very beneficial to the growth of the strawberries. Taking one 'year with another, he estimates that this kind of. protection adds from 50 to 100 per cent to the yield of ber ries, makes them larger and more re liable, and ripens them earlier. Care should be taken not to use a cloth too thick and impervious to sunlight The tar-treated-kind, such as is used in large quantities for tobacco-plant beds is considered just right The cloth is fastened down over the bed by driving 18-inch stakes into the ground about one foot deep. A wire hook is attached to the tops of the stakes, by which the plant cloth is held In place. The stakes are set the width of the cloth apart. In straight rows and 54 inches apart in the row. The original cost of a protection of this kind is estimated at S150 per acre. The cloth lasts about three years, and the stakes, if carefully pro tected, from 5 to 10 years. Checking Evaporation. At .the Wyoming station experi ments' were made to 'determine to what extent, the stirring of the soil prevents the evaporation of water. To have all conditions under control twenty-five-inch cylinders were used, and the water table was kept within twenty-two inches of the surface of the soil. The soil in the various cyl inders was then stirred once a week, in one to the depth of two Inches, in another to the depth of four inches, and in a third to the depth of six inches. The first retarded the evapo ration to the 'amount of 19 per cent; the second retarded it 23 per cent, and the third 45 per cent This shows the tremendous value of cultivation in a dry year, when 45 per cent in crease in the water supply of plants might well make the whole difference between the loss and saving "of an enure narvesu 11 ia guiusniuu ui prising to learn that the six-inch depth Is so much more effective than the two-inch depth. Doubtless this arises from J the shorter time required for the two-inch mulch to settle back into a condition where capillary oper ation is possible. This would differ much with different soils: The nat ural conclusion is. however, that a two-inch stirring twice a week would be about as valuable stirring once a week. as a six-Inch Legumes. Bulletin 45. Arizona: The legumes constitute a group of plants of so great importance to the farmer, and information concerning them Is so much in demand, that a brief state ment as to which ones may be grown in southern Arizona Is deemed advisa ble. The great importance of the legumes is due largely to their ability to obtain the nitrogen they need from the air mixed with the soil In which they are situated. This they do through the agency of minute organ isms, called bacteria, growing In large colonies upon their roots, and by Ir ritation producing there the nodules or wart-like bodies so characteristic of them. The group is a very large one, and members of it are found in nearly all parts of the earth. Among the ones best known to us are peas, beans, clovers, alfalfa, vetches, lupins, locust trees, mesquite, acacia, palo verde, ironwood, and the "ground nut" In some parts of the world, especially the temperate and warm re gions, these plants constitute a coa siderable part of the native vegeta tion, and have for ages been adding to the nitrogen of the soil by growing and decaying in It In some regions the legumes are principally annuals, in others, perennial herbs, and in still others, shrubs or trees. Results of Thinning Fruit Pruning by thinning the fruit may have a very important though indi rect effect in controlling the bearing year of many plants. If an individual fruit spur be carefully studied, it will be seen that there is usually an alter ation in fruit bearing for the reason that the" demands made by the fruit are so great that a fruit bud-cannot develop the same year. So in the bearing year, a leaf-bud develops to. continue the spur the following year; and in this following, or barren year, a fruit bud is developed for the suc ceeding year. Alternate years fruit bearing Is then largely a question of food supply. If we wish to make a tree bear every year, it Is necessary either to supply more food material, or t remove a portion of the fruit- Prof, W. M. Mi raw w L no. m anmmmmmaT waT 4 H dLJgnwsKjar MJKM&BKR -gjHmgdr dHnunmmmmmmmrsnmmnTr snmPs Tfcsssss'UBBssnnmw Buying at Dispersion Sales. It Is always a' time to learn lessons when old established herds are dis persed, as it is then seen what the special aim o'f the individual breeder has been and what type he has chiefly been associated with. At a dispersion sale, purchasers who are forming new herds are well advised if they care fully note the grouping of various fam ilies In the catalogue or follow the Una of breedlag which has chiefly contrib uted In the manufacture of the best specimens' In the herd, says Mr. John Hill, an English authority. The ad vice that can be offered to beginners is to go carefully through the. herd and mark the best animals. of the dif ferent ages and then go and look out their dams. It Is often that the' best breeders In a herd are overlooked; probably their maternal duties have taken away something of their natural bloom and wealth of flesh, and the value of these priceless matrons is un recognized by the novice. The "old hands," on the contrary, are on the alert, and pick up the bargains which the best breeders usually turn out to be. It does not at all follow that the best looking females are, the best breeders I mean from a. showman's Tint"of viewj If it were so, breeding would become a certainty.' "Like pro duces like," ts the theory, but unfor tunately It Is not always carried out in practice. In a Hereford you would look for a nice feminine character, a mild, expressive eye, nicely turned horns, rather 'of an up-turning' curve for choice, well sprung ribs; good back aad lengthy quarters, roomy body, and well-developed udder. She may be a trifle small and what some would call mean in her general appearance, and perhaps somewhat light in the fore quarter and neck, but, if she is handled, you will And that her "touch" is perfection, that her hide will fill your hand, and that she is covered with an ample coat of hair, or with undeniable evidence' of having such before the winter days require It If such a cow as this is found in an old established herd, and Is also found to be the dam of some of the plums among the younger animals, the wise .man will keep on bidding as long as his purse will permit him. ' Experiments in Steer Feeding. Prof. H. J. Waters of the Missouri experiment station has been carrying on .some very important experiments in the feeding of steers. These are reported in a recent bulletin of the Missouri State Board of Agriculture. Cow pea hay showed up well as a ra tion. The average daily gain of a steer on the timothy hay ration was 1.69; on the cow pea hay ration 2.64, and on the clover hay and corn fod der ration 1.94. This was. the result of the first test lasting 119 days. The second test covered 105 days, corn being fed with the coarse fodder, as in the first test. The average daily gain was with timothy hay 1.97; with clover hay 2.84; with cow pea hay 2.84; with clover and corn fodder 2.85; with clover and wheat straw 2.68. Prof. Waters says that the ad dition of clover hay or cow pea hay to the ration induced better and cheaper gains. The steers consum ing these hays have always gone to market in better finish, with better coats and with finer blooms than ani mals fed on the other kinds of coarse fodder. The use of leguminous bay to balance the ration proves to be very satisfactory. Alfalfa for Swine Pastures. It is essential in raising hogs to have' some pasture grass for them. Especially is this true cf the brood sows and the young pig3 which need not only the green feed but the exer cise and sunshine out of doors. Alfal fa fulfills this requirement admirably, as it makes a forage which is perfect ly safe for hogs to pasture, is nutri tious, palatable, grows early in the spring and late In the fall. Alfalfa produces more green forage per acre than any other forage used for hog pasture in the central west Colorado is credited with 799,611 acres of this crop. It Is essential to every ranch where mixed farming is carried on. Alfalfa Is grown to such an extent in the state that any farmer or stock man could spare a few acres' for hog pasture. The value of an acre of al falfa throughout the season for-laying on pork has not been reported from any station, but long experience has taught practical hog raisers that a little corn or a small amount of other grain, together with gool alfalfa pas ture, will give excellent returns. Al falfa alone seems to supply little more than a maintenance ration, but as such Is very valuable. Bulletin 74, Colorado Station. Illinois Swinebreeders' Meeting. The fifteenth annual meeting of the Illinois Association of Swine Breeders and Expert Judges was held in the agricultural building at Champaign. III., Tuesday and Wednesday, January 6th and 7th. It was one of the most profitable meetings In the history of the organization. The program as published in the Review was carried out with but few exceptions. Only three of the speakers failed to re spond. Several very interesting pa pers were read and the discussion was general and instructive. Resolu tions were passed favoring the con solidation of the Poland-China records and in favor of selling for cash or its equivalent The meeting closed with a banquet at the Beardsley Hotel, to which about one hundred guests sat down. Officers were elected as fol lows: President. H. O. Minnis of Edinburg, 111.; vice president, G. L. Burgess of Bement; secretary, Rainey Miller, Champaign; executive com mitteeA. G. Woodbury, Danville; J. F. Kelly, Sullivan; J. A. Rosenbery, Goodwlne. A Preserver of Manure. In Germany some laboratory ex periments have been made to find some chemical that will keep manure from losing its fertility before use. One of the most recent of these ex periments indicates the Importance of keeping the manure In a compact heap. The chemical that seemed he3t suited to hold the manure in its first state was fluor-sulphuric acid, a by product of superphosphate manufac tvre, containing 10 to 12 per cent of free sulphuric acid and 20 per cent of fluorin. About 2,000,000 of London's inhabi tants get no medical treatment-save that of charity dispensaries or hospi tals, and it is said one in four of them go to bed hungry every night of their lives. ASENATE MUDDLE INSISTENCE ON STATEHOOD BILL MAKES PROGRAM DOUBTFUL. SEMmqUAYnMRESTAeiKS A Move to Tack the Omnibus Stats heoa Bill Onto Another Measure May Cause Trouble Senators Ready to Appeal from the Chair. WASHINGTON The omalbus state hood bill will continue to hold Its place for the present as the uaflatshed busi ness on the senate calendar, but it seems quite probable that the debate will be transferred to the appropria tion bills. Senator Quay has entirely changed his tactics during the last week and after trying in vain to se cure a quorum for night sessions on two different occasions, has abandoned all efforts in that direction, leaviag the senators who oppose the state hood bill to take the responsibility for delay. He now apparently is the least concerned of all to secure late sessions. He makes no confidants, but it is evident that it is his purpose to make his fight in connection with the ap propriation bills and to secure prom ises to vote far a statehood rider to one or other of them. Thus far there has not been delay on any supply measure on accouat of the statehood debates, but there will be a decided effort to attach the state hood amendment to the agricultural appropriation bill. It is expected that the amendment will be ruled out on a point of order, in which event there will be an appeal from the decision of the chair. It is quite possible, how ever, that the question may be sub mitted to the senate without a ruling by the chair. This plan has been pur sued In other cases and has been found to work satisfactory Senator Cullom will attempt to se cure consideration of the Cuban treaty, but until the statehood bill is disposed of all speculation as to what may be done with other questions is idle. The anti-trust bill which was sched uled for early consideration in the house this week, will not come up un til late in the week, if at all. and possibly may be postponed until next week. The friends of the currency bill are exceedingly anxious to get consideration for it, and it may most likely come in after the postofflce ap propriation bill is disposed or. in which case the anti-trust bill would be shut out this week. Omaha Child Saving Institute. A remarkable incideat occurred some time past A woman with a young child was on the streets in a perfect ly destitute and helpless condition. She was without frioads and without means of support and had tried in every way she knew to find employ ment, with her little child, and failed. In her desperation she appealed to a children's society to take care of her little one temporarily until she could get in a better position. She was told that she must sign papers of re linquishment and make absolute legal surrender vf her child and give it up. with the assurance that she would never see it again and would never know where it was; or that she mudt go out agai:: upon the streets. She olunc to her child and went on her journey, although it was cold and dreary and she was hungry. Finally s-he concluded there was nothing o!se for her to do but to po back and sign the papers and give up licr child for ever. On the day to do this, some one seeing her distress and learning the cause of her trouble, told her of the Child Saving Institute and that it would help her. She appealed to the institute and her child was tenderly cared for several weeks and in the meantime the mother met with good fortune and reached a position where she was abundantly able to provide for her own child aud to keep it per manently. Must Not Offer a Pass. ALBANY, N. Y. Attorney General Conneen has written an opinion in which he holds that the offering of a transportation pass to a member of the legislature would constitute a mis demeanor and make him subject to forfeiture of his office. The giving of the attorney general's opinion arose from the fact that the Pullman Palace Car company sent to Hon. Francis G. Landon, member of assembly from Dutchess county, an an nual pass, and Mr. Landon referred the matter to Mr. Conneen. Expect War in Honduras. SAN FRANCISCO William David son, a mining man who arrived here from the lower coast, reports that a revoiution was expected to break out in Honduras at the time he left Tiur galpa. a few days ago. as the result of a disagreement over the returns of the late presidential election. There were three candidates for president and the judges had not been able to decide which one was elected. Congressman Rumple Dead. WASHINGTON A telegrcm receiv ed here announced the death of Rep resentative John N. W. Rumple of the Second Iowa district at St. Luke's hospital, Chicago, Saturday morning. Mr. Rumple was afflicted with cancer and had been in the hospital practic ally all winter. There is always some hope for a wretched old sinner, but a fool is be yond pardon. Too Much of a Task. On one occasion when a boarder had devoured everything eatable on the table within his reach, and when the landlady had supplied uatil her strength and patience were well nigh exhausted, she suddenly broke out r.-ith: "I shall certainly have to raise the price of your board!" "Don't think of doing such a thing." he re plied, 'it is nearly killing me now to eat all I pay for, and should you raise my board and compel me to eat more it will bo the death of BANK IS ROBBED. Blow Safe and Got Away wKh Cash. WATERLOO. Neb. The Clttseae' State bank of this place was robbed at 2 a. m. Tuesday. Th robbers secured 93.50. Of this sum $2.79 wss In currency aad the balance in gold aad silver. The damage to the safe and furniture is estimated at 9690. The bank is fully protected by insur- The robbers, of whom there were at least three, and perhaps four, gained an eatraace through the front window by removing a pane of glass. They carefully avoided disturbing the burg lar alarm. Their work laside the building was easily aad quickly accomplished. Th safe steads outside of the vault and it was completely wrecked by a charge ot nitroglycerine. The noise ot the explosion awakened the people in the vicinity of the bank and they soon gathered around but were kept back by the robbers. A num ber of shots were exchanged, but no one was hurt In the confusion and darkness the burglars made their escape with theli booty and although a posse was soon assembled, there is little clue upon which to work. Several strange men in a wagon were seen north of town Wednesday. It ts thought that they may be the robbers It was said the outfit had gone to wards Omaha and the officers there have been notified to be on the look out for it. Detective Franklin and posse, with bloodhounds, took the trail from th wrecked bank. The hounds seemed somewhat confused acd were unable to get a start. After an hour J. W. Miller, one of the posse, found a roll of bills tucked under a plank in a barn one and one half miles from Waterloo. The dogs were taken to the barn. At noon they were in full chase to the north of Wat erloo. The trail is fresh and the race will be bard. NEBRASKA IRRIGATION PROJECTS Much Inquiry as to What is Going to Be Done. WASHINGTON. The Nebraska del egation in congress is receiving numer ous inquiries from constituents as to I what has been, or will be done, in the matter of irrigation projects in that state, their object being princpally to ascertain the contemplated sites of res ervoirs in order to seeffrc homesteads in that vicinity. Ia order to secure some definite information upon this subject. Congressman Shallenberger called upon the irrigation expert. El wood Mead of the geological survey, and was informed that nothing has been done in Nebraska up to the pres ent time, except the measurements of certain streams and the sinking of a few artesian wells, but thr-t during the next season, which will commence in the spring, experiments with these wells will be carried out quite exten sively, but that no definite plans had been made as to the proloble locations of the wells. This means of securing water from irrigation, so Mr. Mead stated, was more adaptable to Nebraska than any other system. Nebraska is in what is known as the Dakota sand stone belt, and the expert says there is plenty of water under the soil to carry on all needed irrigation projects In tuat state. FIFTY tOSE tlVES IN FIRE. ! Horrible Catastrophe Occurs at Insane ; Asylum in England. I.ONDOX. Abotit fifty insane pa tients were burned to death by a fire at the Colney Hatch asylum Tuesday morning. The outbreak occurred in the Jew ish wing of the institution. The flames spread with great rapidity and before they could be got under control five wooden buildings, including dormitor ies and the doctors apartments, were gutted. All the efforts of the officials were directed to removing insane patients, but the latter became wild with ex citement and so panic stricken that not only were they unable to help themselves, but greatly impeded the operation of those trying to save them. There were nearly 600 women in the burned annex at the time the fire was discovered and most of them were safely transferred to the main build ing, which was uninjured. Some, how ever, escaped and are still at large, rendering it difficult to ascertain the exact number of those burned to death. It 13 believed that at least fifty per ished. STATEHOOD BILL IS RIDER. Committee Attaches it to the Agricul tural Appropriation. WASHINGTON. The senate com mittee on agriculture Saturday agreed to place the omnibus statehood bill on the agricultural appropriation bill a? a rider. The proposition was strongly an tagonistic, but it carried by a two thirds vote. Senators Hansbrougb. Foster (Wash.), and Quay, republi cans, and Bate. Heitfeld and Simmons, democrats, voting in the affirmative. Senators Proctor. Dolliver and Quarles, republicans, voted in the neg ative. Soo Gets New Freight Manager. MINNEAPOLIS William L. Mar tin has been appointed freight traffic manager of the Minneapolis, St. Paul A Sault Ste. Marie. Mr. Martin, who is 45 years of age. has been association ! with the "Soo" for sixteen years. He Get a Drink. Beloit, Kan., they say. is now some what particular on the subject of pro hibition evasions. Still, there are "places" to be found. An Irishman walked into one or these and inquired for "skee." The man didn't have it. "Some hop tea, then." said Pat. "Don't have if "Have yez mait?" "No." "Then what have yez?" "We have a fine article of juniperade." said the chap with a knowing smile. Pat tried it and with a wrinkle of disgust on hi3 nose remarked "Jinbejazes." . " 1 " Ui : c. . &c. -.. -v. 4 - ; j-W v-.- r.-r
