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PANORAMIC REVIEW OF THE YEAR 1902
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The Grand Review.
' Blare of bugle and beat of drum.
Thrill the avenue once again.
Dace attain have the soldiers come
Gray and broken, the marching seen.
"Hre a man, of a company;
Last of all he is old and bent.
. rhere a wavering line we see
That platoon was a regiment!
Drums ae throbbing and bugles sing.
Flags are blazing above the line:
2omes the clinking that sabers bring.
Warming once like the rarest wine;
Comes the rumble of cannon wheels
Glint of button and epaulet;
Lift of fifing and trumpet pcils;
Far-off gleam of a bayonet.
What an army! A fading line!
Yet Its fading Is more than grand
This, the memory fair and fine
" Of the army that made the land.
Shout! Till cheering has wholly drowned
Blare of bugle and beat of drum!
Cheer! THl cheers from the sky resound!
Once again- have the soldiers come.
W. D. Nesbitt, in Baltimore American.
Death of Gen. Wager Swayne.
Gen. Wager Swayne, soldier and
great corporation lawyer of New York,
died at his residence there recently.
-Wager Swayne was born in Colum
bus. Ohio, on Nor. 10, 1834; was grad
uated from Tale college in the class of
1S66, and three years later took & law
degree from the Cincinnati law
school. He practiced his profession
in' Columbus until the outbreak of the
civil war, when, in August. 1861, he
was appointed Major in the Forty
Third regiment of Ohio volunteers.
He became a Colonel the following
year, and served in the marches and
battles of the Atlanta campaign, los
ing a leg at Salkehatchie, S. C. He
was breveted Brigadier General of the
United States volunteers in February.
1865; a month later he became full
Brigadier, and in June of the same
year a Major General. He became
Colonel of the Forty-Fifth regular in
fantry in July, 1866, and in March,
m i .hi i '
Ice jmaai vmtm
1867, was breveted Brigadier General.
U. S. A for gallantry in action at Biv
' era Bridges, S. C. and Major General
.'for services during the war. He was
mustered out of service in 1867.
.-'Grant's Greatness as General.
. In his recent volume of "Reminis
cences," covering sixty years of pub
lic life, the Honorable George S. Bout
well has many entertaining anecdotes
to relate concerning his old associ
ates in politics and government. Mr.
Boutwell admired Gen. Grant in all his
capacities, and considered him far su
perior in military affairs to Sheridan
or Sherman. He ranks Sheridan above
Sherman as a commander, and as
sures us that Sheridan, in spite of his
denials, did say, after his return from
Europe at the close of 'the Franco
Prussian war that "either of our arm
ies at the close of the war (civil war)
could have marched over the country
in defiance of both the French and
German forces combined." Leslie's
Weekly.
A SeMicr'c First Vat.
"My first vote," said the Captain,
"was for Lincoln in 1864. Our divi
sion was near Atlanta, and the ballot
box was in the rear end of an army
wagon. We were even then preparing
for the march to the sea, and the regi
ments voted as they were concentrat
ing for the new movement. When we
knew that Lincoln had been reelected
Sherman cut loose from the Atlanta
line, and jubilantly we marched east
ward and southward. We had done
our best for Old Abe at the polls, and
we proceeded to do our level best in
the field. I never go into an election
booth now without thinking of the old
army wagon near Atlanta and my first
vote." Chicago later-Ocean.
A War Incident.
Capt Ira B. Gardner, a Maine vet
eran, tells the following story:
"I lost my right arm at the battle
of Ocooauaa Creek, Va.. Sept. 19. 1864,
while serving under Gen. Sheridan. Im
mediately after I was wounded I was
taken to a near-by farmhouse and laid
In the hallway to await the arrival of
surgeons to amputate my arm. The
floor was a very uncomfortable rest
ing place for my head, and I asked the
woman of the house for a pillow, for
which I gave her 85. In due time the
surgeons arrived and performed the
operation and. I was sent to Winches
ter. from which place I returned to my
home.
"Last year my wife and I came down
to Virginia and. looked over the battle
field at Occoaaaa Creek, where I was
so seriously Injured. While walking
about I found the house in which I was
laid after .being wounded, and the
woman who ministered to my wants
and gave me the pillow. I began to
talk to her about the war, and she said
that although there had been between
aoo and 400 soldiers treated In her
house, only one had ever given her
any money. She said that if she re
membered right It was a Capt Gard
ner of a Maine regiment, who made
her a present of 5. I informed her
that that was my name and that I was
the oScer she referred to. She said
if I was Capt. Gardner she would
show me something that would inter
est me. She led my wife and me
back to the spot upon which I had
been laid thirty-seven years before
and pointed out stains which, she
said, were caused by my blood. The
woman said she had tried many times
o away the blood stains, but
without success. I r the woama
1 10 then and mailed her a check for
125 upon my return home. I related
the fact of finding the woman to my
father, who also mailed her a check
fee f, and we agreed that the woman
should not want as long as either of
s ilred." m
the tunuel from the cellar of the pris
on to the opening under the tobacco
shelter. Case knives, chisels and -files
were the Instruments used in making
the tunnel. "Having managed to find
access to the cellar," said one of the
officers, "we commenced relieving one
another as opportunity offered. The
excavated soil was drawn out In spit
toon which was attached to a cord; the
soil was concealed in shallow layers
over the floor of the cellar and cov
ered with straw. The atmosphere in
the tunnel was so close that we could
remain in it only for a short time, and
the candles would go out At one
time we got so close to the surface
of the street that a small hole broke
through, but fortunately was not dis
covered by the guards and was of
great service, admitting air. The tun
nel when completed was about sixty
feet long, and opened Into an old to
bacco shed beyond the line of the
guards.
"As soon as the way was clear the
officers emerged slowly in small
squads of two and three, and saun
tered off until they got clear of the
guards, making their way toward the
Williamsburg road by the shortest
route. It was a dark night, and the
fact that all the rebel sodiers whom
they met were habited in army coats
of Uncle Sam, which they had taken
from the supplies sent to the Union
prisoners, was of great help to them.
In order to elude the pursuers who
knew they would soon be on their
track they scattered as much as pos
sible, and frequent were their hard
ships and narrow escapes from the
rebel cavalry who were bushwhack
ing the next morning in every direc
tion." Washington Star.
Gen. Stewart's Record.
The Ohio State Journal says of the
newly elected commander-in-chief of
the G. A. R.:
Gen. Thomas J. Stewart of Norris
town. Fa., was a short-service man,
but this was not his fault He was in
his 15th year when he enlisted in the
138th Pennsylvania Infantry, in 1865,
and twice before this he had run away
from home to enlist, but was brought
back by bis father on both occasions.
The third time he seems to have elud
ed parental authority, and went into
the war when all of its horrors had
been pictured In blood.
His service in the Grand Army of
the Republic has been remarkable.
He has been assistant adjutant gener
al to the national commander and has
held all the other offices of his post
and department His occupation for
many years has been that of secretary
of the Soldiers' home at Erie, Pa.,
though at present he is of the cabinet
of Gov. Stone of Pennsylvania, being
adjutant general of the National
Guard-
Comrades Welcomed Gen. Hawley.
One of the most pleasant episodes
of the recent national encampment of
the Grand Army of the Republic at
Washington was the hearty welcome
accorded to Gen. Joseph R. Hawley by
the comrades when he appeared at the
business session and tottered feebly
to the stage. He is the last surviving
member of the Grand Army. His old
comrades gave him a generous cheer
ing, and scores of them seized the op
portunity to shake hands with him.
Gen. Hawley is chairman of the sen
ate military committee. He had his
committee room beautifully decorated,
and kept open house there all the
week. He was the junior vice com
mander-in-chief of the National Grand
Army the first year of the organiza
tion. In public life, as well as in pri
vate, he has always been a devoted
supporter of the order.
Gen. Hawley's health is rapidly fail
ing, and his retirement from public
life must soon take place.
Why Spaniards Were Quickly
Whipped.
Wandering into the First Precinct
Police Station an old G. A. R. man,
who had reached a condition of cheer
ful familiarity with strangers, met two
Virginians, with whom he engaged in
conversation about the great civil
strife in which he had taken part
"How do you account for the fact''
he was asked, "that it took tire North
so long to subdue the South, when a
few years ago the United States
troops, with Confederate soldiers
fighting in their ranks, thrashed the
Spaniards with neither trouble nor de
lay?" The grizzled veteran thought
but a moment when hitting upon an
idea which seemed the very thing to
his mind, he exclaimed, with a vigor
ous qualifying clause, "Yes, but they
wan't rebels." Washington Star.
As to Post Commanders.
In the National encampment at
Washington, Illinois offered as an
amendment to the regulations the fol
lowing section to be added to the
article providing for membership in
department encampments:
'Third: Past post commanders
who have served for a full term of
one year, or until the consolidation of
their post with another, or who, hav
ing been elected to fill a vacancy,
shall have served to the end of their
term, so long as they remain In good
standing In their respective posts, in
such departments as have so decided
by a two-thirds vote at an annual
meeting; and departments, at their
discretion, are authorized to restore
honors lost by past post commanders."
Soldier's Good Record.
Marching from Maine to the Poto
mac, under fire on all the famous bat
tlefields of the South, twice wounds
at Chaacellorville, starving in Lib
by and ten other Southern prisons,
pursued and captured by bloodhounds,
Iring for weeks sick with fever in a
barn cellar, rescued just In time from
the hangman's noose this is the rec
ord C Capt Nathaniel A. Robbins of
comp&'iy G. Fourth Maine infantry, for
three years with the Army of the Po
tomacfrom Bull Run the first to
Gettysburg and finally captured by
Lee during the terrible assault on
Round Top Mountain.
The Escape from Ubby.
TV scape of 10 Union oftcers
feem LUf miaoa on the loth of Feb-
fmr, li, was perhaps one of the
moat W fd daring teeMeetotf
f&? m-m to Mka
Tee fltifl far a Soldier.
Among the men called out by the
conscription at Cuneo, Italy. Is one
BattJnta Ugo, 7 feet 7 laches high,
and weighing 400 pounds. He waa
rejected because he showed up the
shortness of the other soldiers. He
Is twenty-four and still growing.
Rivers Flow Over Ice.
flomo of the rivers of Siberia flow
over tea many years old, and almost
M solid m rock. A tributary of
tana tern, upon the sell which foifud
tte bad a the river, bed at ptre it
r feejt thJeJt.
IMMMMWMMM
Happenings of Importance During The
Twelve Months Just Ended
WWAMWWWW
CstJ Strike ike Evtmt of the
Year f Ike Meet Far-stack-a
J Ianswrtance FmMic Sea
timveat TberovgRIy Aroosft!
Over ike Cavitosvers
The year or V02 opened with the-assured
certainty of the early coining -of
peace in the Philippines and South Af
rica, and with the date for the establish
ment of an independent government in
Cuba already determined: the Congress
of the United States was rapidly ap
proaching the favorable determination of
Its great problem of the construction of
an isthmian ship canal, and abroad Ger
many and England were atmost ready
for combined action against Venezuela
in the matter of tbose same debt claims
which in -the concluding day of the year
have been the cause for a new strain in
the interpretation of the Monroe-doctrine.
But as the outcome proved, not even
the greatest of these matters possessed
for the people of the United States such
vital Importance as another event, which
was far from being foreseen at the time,
and which, when it came, gave at the
start little reason to suspect what its
course and conclusion would be. This
was the great strike in the anthracite
coal mines of Pennsylvania, which lasted
through the summer and fail.
It was not merely that this was one of
th greatest strikes in the history of the
L.i.ted States for the number of men en
gaged, the length of its duration and the
obstinacy with which it was fought; nor
was tt because of the mere fact of the
inconvenience and loss occasioned by It
to the public; nor yet because in securing
ita settlement the President of the United
States was forced to take control of the
situation by, acting in a manner for which
there was nothing in the constitution or
customs of the land to give justification.
Beyond all these things the strike was
the most pregnant event of the year, be
cause of the way It crystallised sentiment
on the part of that great body of the
American public the consumers who
were concerned in it neither as employ
ers nor as laborers, but who were forced,
by the jeopardizing of their own Inter
ests as consumers, to intervene for their
own protection.
It -was the approach of winter, with
coal-yards empty and the mines un
worked. that caused the public to lay
aside all old prejudices on one side or
the other, penetrate directly to the heart
of the problem as to which of the op
ponents was the one responsible for the
lack of settlement, and then bring pres
sure to bear that could not be disregard
ed. Dating from the year 1902 it is safe to
say that not even the most significant
strike will be contested without a more
real recognition of the rights of the long
suffering third party, the consumer, than
has ever been accorded before. The wide
spread sentiment that manifested Itself
for government ownership of the coal
mines and the still wider demand for the
strictest government regulation of them,
in default of ownership, are other things
to be numbered among the permanent
results of the strike.
The strike began May 12. and the min
ers did not yield an Inch In their resolu
tion until they voted to return to work
Oct. 21, after arbitration had been ar
ranged for. The number of men im-olved
was 147.000. The price of hard coal In New
York, where the factories were accus
tomed to no other fuel, rose from 93 to
as high as $20 a ton. with often no sup
plies to be bad. The demand of the min
ers was In part for higher wages, but
still more for a regulated and fair meth
od of weighing and recording the product
of the men. by which the union, acting
as an organization, could protect its
members' interests.
The mine owners, organized in the most
thorough monopoly in the country, and
represented by the presidents of the coal
carrying railroads, seemed to welcome
the strike, and contemptuously declined
all proposals of arbitration, from what
ever source. Whether their attitude was
dictated by a desire to obtain larger hold
ings of stock in a demoralized market or
to make possible permanent higher prices
for coal, or from a deep antagonism to
organized labor, was a matter only for
speculation on the part of outsiders.
Through the strike there has risen as
one of the greatest among the great fig
ures of Americans of the day, that of
John Mitchell, the young leader of the
Mine Workers Union, who June 17. at
Indianapolis, prevented the bituminous
coal miners from striking In sympathy,
who carried on the strike with less ac
companying violence than was ever
known In so great industrial disorganiza
tion before, and who. despite great per
sonal aggravation from his opponents
methods, maintained a serenity that
helped not a little in the clear-sighted
progress which he made to ultimate vic
tory. With the finding of President
Roosevelt's commission of arbitration
next spring will come the end. as far
as its immediate incidents are concerned,
of an Industrial struggle tliat would nev
er have begun had the representatives of
capital showed themselves as true to
their agreements and as intelligent lit
their views as did the representatives of
labor.
Independence of Cuba.
Of the two great events of the year in
connection with the treatment by the
United States or the Islands that fell
under its Influence as a result of the
Spanish war. the first was the Inaugura
tion of Independent government In Cuba.
The Cuban independence day. when Pres
ident Palma took control of the execu
tive office, was May 20, just three days
after young Alfonso attained his ma
jority and became king of Spain In fact.
The popular election had been held Dec.
31. 1991. and the electoral college had
chosen the island's president Feb. 24.
The American military governor. Gen.
Leonard Wood, lowered the American
flag and left the island to its own re
sources. Even in the first days of the Cuban
government the task of administering
It with the island's poor financial re
sources was no easy one. and the prob
lem became vastly harder when the
American Congress adjourned without
having given Cuba any aid in the form
of tariff differentials, to the enactment
of which along general lines' of reci
procity the faith of the country bad been
pledged through President McKinley. as
nearly as was hi his power.
Peace in the Philippines.
The Philippine Islands were declared
by proclamation of the President July
4. to be In a state of peace and quiet and
worthy of the establishment of the civil
in place of military government, for
which Congress had provided. With this
went a proclamation of amnesty to po
litical offenders and civil administration
began.
Through Gov. Taft. the first American
envoy ever sent to Rome, arrangements
were made with the pope, not formally,
but practically, by which the friars
lands in the Philippines shall be trans
ferred to the United States, to be resold
to the Filipinos themselves. The Philip
pine islands were given a 2a per cent
reduction on the Dingley tariff rates at
the last session of Congress, and the
present session is considering the further
reduction of this so that the reduction
will be 73 per cent that is. that only 23
per cent of the schedule duties need be
paid.
The Year's Legislation.
-Of national legislation during the year
there was none of more importance to
either the commerce or the naval power
of .the country than that authorising
the construction of an isthmian canal.
After much discussion of the relative
merits of the Paaassa and the Nlcara
guan routes. Congress made provision
for a S200.000.008 bond Issue and passed
s law which gave President Roosevelt
the power to decide upon the route.
Of other legislation the passage of the
national Irrigation act, turning over the
revenues from the national domain tor
the use of a comprehensive scheme of
irrigation, and the creation of a perma
nent census bureau are to be noted. To
relieve the congestion of an ever-accumulating
surplus. Congress removed the
last of the war revenue taxes and passed
the largest river and harbor hill in the
country's history-appropriating tcMM.
000. A 10-cent a pound tax on colored
oleomargarine, so heavy as practically
to cut that industry in half, was im
posed. Important Judicial Decision.
The most important Judicial deeisioa
of the year concerning industrial com
binations was that of the United States
Supreme Court. March 10. declaring the
Illinois anti-trust law void becaase it ex
cepted from ita scope combinations of the
producers or raisers of agricultural prod
ucts or live stock.
Official- Changaa.
The -most .important official changes ot
the year were in the retirement of Post
master General Charles. Emory Smith,
Secretary of the Treasury Lyman X
Gage and Secretary of: the Navy Jobs
D. Long, and the appointment as theil
successors ot Henry C. -Payne. Leslie If.
Shaw and William H.. Moody. Olivet
Wendell Holmes succeeded Justice Gray
on the United States supreme bench;
Ambassador Andrew D. White at Berlin
announced his retirement, and was suc
ceeded by Charlemagne Tower, trans
ferred from 8t Petersburg, which neces
sitated a general promotion among
American ambassadors and ministers.
In the diplomatic corps at Washing
ton Lord Pauncefote's death was fol
lowed by the appointment of Michael
Henry Herbert from England and M.
Jusserand succeeded M Cambon from
France. That Congressman Joseph fl.
Cannon of Illinois will succeed David B.
Henderson as speaker of the next Hoase
of Representatives is settled.'
End of the Boer War.
The Boer war was brought te an end
May 31 by the signing at Pretoria 'by
the Boer representatives, together with
Monroe doctrine. Their plans
dropped rmrlat the sprlatT ad summer,
however, whim .President Castro ot Vea
esaeia round himself busy la suppressing
a rather more than usually pretentious
revolution. In the last month of the
year German; and English fleets sudden
ly appeared off Venezuelan ports, sank
Venesaelan ships and announced their
intention te blockade the ports and seise
the customs to make good the debts.
Arbitration at The Hague was not
wanted by the-European powers, as they
feared Castro would pay no heed to a
decision against him, and for that rea
son .a proposal was made to President
Roosevelt. to become the. arbitrator. The
vital feature ot this demand was that
it sought to Impose on the United States
some responsibility under the Monroe
doctrine, along with the authority ad
mitted to it 'Upon the refusal of Presi
dent Roosevelt to act as arbitrator the
allied powers finally yielded to his ur
gent suggestion that the matters at is
sue be referred to The Hague tribunal
for settlement.
Work of the Diplomats.
Ot treaties negotiated during the year
the most Important was that between
Great Britain and Japan, providing for
the. neutrality of either in case the other
was attacked by a single hostile power,
but for aimed resistance by each Incase
two or more powers attacked the other
at once.
Secretary of 8tate Hay's letter of pro
test to the European powers concerning.
the maltreatment ot. Roumanian Jews
in disregard of treaty provisions was an
innovation in diplomatic procedure, as
the treaty was one In which the United
States had had no share.
. Mattera of General Interest.
Of matters of other than political er
Industrial Import during the year two
which will he at once thought of are
Carnegie's no,e6Mt gift to the Carnegie
institution tor the fostering of scientific
research and investigation and Cecil
Rhodes' great gift of his fortune by will
te enable some hundreds ot American
and colonial youths to study at Oxford
by the aid ot three-year fellowships.
haps, mere striking can be aamtteaed
than the immense tnuinem that la be
ing handled by the traasportatlea lines
of the country, 'the shortage ot engines
and cars, despitethe crowding ex all fac
tories for their eenstntctioa te the fan
limit; the . Mocks Jleg of reads with
freight that cannot he handled In short,
the plethora East, ' West. North and
Smith of the sttsmms m which the .mer
chants of the country are engaged. Ac
compaaylag this has ceate toward the
end of the year a very general Increase
of railroad employes' salaries, approx
imating in-most .cases tt per cent.
Suicidee.arMl Murders.
Suicides steadily Increase la the United
States, and faster than the Increase ot
population warrants.- The total aumber
for 180? Is 8JXO. The steadiness of this la
crease' la shown by the following com
parison: In 1839 there were &4M cases;
in 1800. S.7S6; in UN. 7.245; lit ISSt, SSt.
Decrease In LyiicMnfa.
The lynehlngs reported in MS show a
most gratifying decrease, being bat ninety-six
as compared with US In rM, Of
these lynehlngs eighty-seven occurred
in the 8outh and nine la the North. Of
the total number eighty-six were ne
groes, nine whites and one Indian. One
woman was lynched in South Carolina.
Embezxlenienta of 1M2.
The record of embezzling, forgery, de
faulting, and hank wrecking ' for Mat
shows a considerable Increase, being
Tsf.125. as compared with Ks5sl n UM.
Epidemics;
The loss of life by epidemic diseases
was greatly Increased as compared with
Met Last year the victims of cholera
and plague numbered about 4s.4nt, and
this year about mett, India, China. Jap
an. Egypt and the Philippine islands be
ing, the principal' countries aflUcted. No
account is made In this estimate .of the
famine victims in Finland. Sweden and
Russia, as no reports of the fatalities
have yet been made.
Fire Losaea in 1902.
The total fire losses xef 1MI will be
about H54.tn.tw. which' Is an unprove-
MmmmmwwswMm
Terrible Disaster at NartiniauetKe Meet
Appalling- Calamity.
wnMWWMwm
waa the capital ef the combines termed
m New Jersey. New York. Delaware and
Maine. The other eempanles were scat
tered ever all the ether states. The to
tal Is ealy About smtM below the m
csfperatieas ef 1SL when the Mine dol
lar steel trust aad the S,NM North
ern Securities Company were formed.
King gwarsTs Carewatiow.
What waa expected to hare been the
meet gorgeous spectacle of Modern times
was the coronation ef King Edward VII.
of England at Westminster Abbey on
Jane a. In anticipation of the event the
British Empire had been preparing he
fere tttt began and the end of the Boer
war was even mora welcome, because It
saahled Edward te don hie crown In a
time ef perfect peace. As the days drew
near the Ambassadors from the farthest
ends of the earth came te London, al
ready overcrowded by visitors from all
lands. The ceremonies, retaining nearly
all the mediaeval formalities, were care
felly planned and minutely rehearsed,
while the public rushed eagerly to buy
seats erected along the Mae of march aad
the aeblllty of the realm concerned them
selves with the ceremony In the Abbey.
The king came ap to London la very 111
health. On the 24th ef June he took to
his bed, and on the following day co
terie of the meet eminent physicians and
aeneous f the realm determined that an
operation was necessary to save htm from
death of an aliment closely resembling
appendicitis. On the 25th Sir Frederick
Treves performed the operation, and for
many days the King hovered between life
aad death. Coronation gayety gave place
to gloom, thousands of visitors, including
seme of the ambassadors, retarned home.
Hundreds of tradesmen who had antici
pated large profits found themselves tm-
perensbed. and an expectant s
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REVIEW OF YEAR.
1902
THE CHIEF EVENTS
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if
JANUARY.
1 First election day in Cuba.
2 Steamer Walla Walla lost; 41 lives.
6 Jean de Block, Russian economist,
died.
7 Emperor returned to Pekin.
S-Kew Tork tunnel collision; 15 killed.
9-Nlcaragaan bill passed, house.
11-Nlxon. Tammany hall leader, died.
14-Brltish warship Condor lost; 1 Uvea.
17 Earthquake Chilpanoinjo, Mexico; 209
killed.
21 Aubrey de Vcre died, London.
24 Treaty signed ceding Danish W. I.
27 Explosion In N. T. subway; six killed.
28 Admiral Klmberly died. Newton.
2-Fleet St Are. nine dead. Boston.
28-Flre at Norfolk. Va.; SJ0.M loss.
a-Prof. Williams, Ohio Wesleyan Uni
versity, died.
FEBRUARY.
2 $2,000,609 Are. Waterbury. Conn.
8-Fire Peterson. N. J,: K.0W.0M loss.
10-Fire Springfield. Ohio; $099,601 loss.
11 Anglo-Japanese alliance.
12 Marquis of Dufferin died.
12 Fire 8outh Mills. N. C; $S00.IO loss.
15 William West, minstrel, died.
17 Senate ratified Danish treaty.
17 War revenue reduction passed,
is Rev. Newman Hall died. London.
18 Kellogg sanitarium, Battle Creek,
burned: $485,000 loss.
20 Troops shot rioters, Barcelona.
20-Flrc New Tork city: $750,000 loss.
21 Bishop Latane. Baltimore, died.
22 Park Ave. hotel burned. New Tork.
22--'B!!Iy" Emerson died. Boston.
23 Miss 8tone freed by brigands.
23 Prince Henry reached New York.
24 Boers captured a convoy.
24 Prince Henry at White House.
25 Kaiser's yacht launched.
25 Ship Jules Jean Baptiste lost; 89 lives.
28 Victor Hugo centenary, Paris.
27 McKinley memorial service. Wash.
' MARCH.
2 Francis W. Parker died. Miss.
4 Philippine tariff passed, house.
4 Congressman Polk, Penn., died.
7 Gen. J. J. Estey died, Vermont.
7 Boers captured Gen. Methuen.
11 Prince Henry left United 8tates.
12 John P. Altgeld died. Illinois.
13 Gen. A. P. Martin died, Boston.
13 Gen. Methuen freed by Boers.
15 Wages advanced 19 per cent, Fall
River.
17 Life savers drowned, Monomoy; 7
lives.
17 Ship subsidy passed, senate.
18-Flre Hoboken. N. J.: $1,000,000 loss.
20 Judge Noah Davis died. N. T.
22 Judge Taft of Vermont died.
21-Maj. Gen. Otis retired.
2C-Cecll Rhodes died. South Africa.
APRIL.
1 Thos. Dunn English died, N. J.
312 hotels burned, Atlantic City; $1,909,
09 loss.
11 Boer war 24 years old.
11 Gen. Wade Hampton died. 8. C.
12 Rev. T. DeWitt Talmage died, Wash
ington. 18 Cuban reciprocity passed, house.
18 Guatemala earthquake: 2.009 dead.
19 Morgan steamship trust launched.
20 Frank R. Stockton died. Washington.
20 Steamer City of Pittsburg lost; 79
lives.
20 Fire Dallas. Texas; $499,900 loss.
27 Archbishop Williams died, aged 89.
27-J. Sterling Morton died. Chicago.
27 Fire Glens Falls. N. T.; $599,099 loss.
28 Sol Smith Russell died; Washington.
MAY.
1W. H. Moody, secretary of navy.
2 Amos J. Cummlngs of New Tork died.
4 Potter Palmer died, Chicago.
5 Archbishop Corrlgon died. New Tork.
5-Bret Harte died. London.
6-AdmIraI Sampson died. Washington.
6-FIre New Milford. Conn.; $690,999 loss.
8 Paul Ford, author, killed. New Tork.
g-St. Pierre destroyed by volcano; 49,
009 lives.
8 Volcanic eruption, St. Vincent; 2,009
lives.
12 Coal strike began.
12-Explosion naphtha. Pittsburg; 23
20 Edwin Lawrence Godkln died.
21 Bradbury piano works. Brooklyn,
burned: $590,000 loss.
22 Annie Clarke died, Chicago.
23 Mine explosion Fernle. B. C; 175 Uvea.
24 Bochamboau statue unveiled, Wash
ington. 24 Lord Pauncefoto died. Washington.
28 Benjamin-Constant, French painter,
died.
21 Boer war ended; two years seven
months twenty days.
JUNE.
3 Philippine government bill through
senate.
3 Rev. John H. Barrows died. Ohio.
4 Ard Patrick won the Derby.
6 Volcanic 'eruption, Guatemala; 1,999
lives.
7 M. Combes, premier of France.
7 Amnesty for Americans. Cuba.
8 Rev. G. H. Hepworth died, .New Tork.
9 Anti-anarchy bill passed, house.
9 President Patton. Princeton, resigned.
11 West Point centennial.
13 Fire Alexander City. Ala.; $759,999 loss.
19 King Albert of Saxony died.
22 Fire Portland. Oregon; $999,009 loss.
24 King Edward's surgical operation.
24 Coronation postponed. England.
24 Henry Hopkins, president of WIN
liams.
25 Forest fires in Colorado; $1,000,909 loss.
25 Great windstorm. Indiana; $2,099,999
loss.
26 Philippine government bill through
house.
28 Roosevelt signed canal bill.
JULY.
3 Treaty of amity with Spain.
4 Peace declared In Philippines.
7 Marshall Williams, Ohio chief justice,
died.
10 "Mrs. Alexander" died, London.
12 Kitchener back in England.
12 Archbishop Feehan died, Chicago.
13 Lord Salisbury resigned.
13 Balfour, premier of England.
13 Liang Chen Tung, minister- to United
States.
14 Gen. Davis in command, Manila.
17 Isles of Shoals. 14 drowned.
20 John W. Mackay died, London.
21 Steamer Premier sunk. Elba river.
Germany; 00 lives.
22 Cardinal Ledochowski died, Rome.
22 Archbishop Croke died. Ireland.
25 Korea's Independence guaranteed.
25 Jeffries whipped Fltzsimmons.
28 Rabbi Joseph, head American ortho
dox Jews. died.
29 Fire Pittsburg. Pa.; $209,009 loss.
29 Paul Vandervoort. former G. A. R.
commander, died.
39 Troops out. Pennsylvania coal fields.
AUGUST.
1 Rev. Atkinson drowned. Plymouth.
6 Outlaw Tracy dead. Oregon.
6 Col. Hooker died. Brattleboro.
8 Barcelona. Venezuela, sacked.
9 Edward VII crowned. London.
10 Senator McMillan of Michigan died.
15 Luther R. Marsh died. New Tork.
18 Boer generals in England.
18 Prof. Schenk died. Austria.
18 Volcano eruption Torlshiraa. Japan;
150 lives.
20 Explosion paper mill Wilmington, Del
aware; 10 lives.
20 War maneuvers, northeast coast.
20 Cronje left St Helena.
21 Gen. Sigel died. New Tork.
22 Roosevelt on New England tour.
29-Dan Patch, mile 1:S9.
39 Another eruption. Mt. Pelee.
SEPTEMBER.
1 Thirty-eight vessels lost, Algoa bay.
Africa; 70 lives.
2 Edward Eggleston. author, died.
3 Roosevelt Injured. Pittsfield.
5-Prof. Vlrchow died. BerUn. -
8 Roosevelt on southern tour.
8 Germans sank gunboat. Hayti.
7 Magazine exploded. Governor's Island.'
S-U. 8. treasury, $574,090,099 gold.
11 United States warships sent to Pan
ama. 12 Alex. R. ("Bom") Shepherd, died.
13 Forest fires Oregon and Washington;
loss. $12,599,000; 38 lives.
14 W. 8. Stratton died. Colorado.
26-Cyclone in Sicily: 899 hilled.
27 Railroad wreck Arleux. France;
killed.
28-Fire Stockton. CaL; $599,099 loss.
29-Emlle Zola died. Paris.
.
!rr. ,--.o inn. Bav of Bengal: 15-Judge Horace Gray died. Nahant.
2-BM3Mr .. - - is Nicholas Fish klllMf. Nw Tnrlr
18 Henderson's declination. Iowa.
Ml 1lv
17 Alfonso XHI crowned. Spain.
17-8499.900 lire. Houlton. Me.
tlJZlZ in Tm: 199 dead.
iriSErVT-taTaea. California.
i-rjuuvp w-'-
19-Mtne explosion
20-NaSd day. repubUc of Cuba.
lo-Palma. president of Cuba.
ELum explosion Fraterville. Tean.. 299
17 Mine explosion Bluefield. W. Va.; 17
lives.
18 Peary failed to reach pole.
38 Roosevelt on western trip.
-21 Second eruption Mont Pelee; 1.900
lives.
24 Third eruption Mont Pelee; 2.009 lives.
OCTOBER.
1 Admiral Jouett died. Maryland.
1 Roosevelt summoned coal barons.
l-8chooaer Sybil tost at sea; 198 Uvea.
l-8teemer Quiraag lost at sea; 39 Uvea.
3 White House coal conference.
8 Pennsylvania militia all ordered oat.
7 Ex-Congressman Great died. Vermont.
8 Miners voted to cesthrae Idle.
8-MIne accident Black Diamond. Wash
ington: 17 Uvea.
9 Coal conference. New Tork.
13 Coal barons come to terms.
15 Upton's challenge arrived.
15 Coal commission named.
15-Admlral Selfridge died. Waverley.
15 Another eruption of Soafriere.
15 Glucose works buraed. Chicago; 11
lives.
18 Miners' convention called.
17 Kitchener to command. India.
18-Castro won 7-days battle.
19-Flre Albany. N. T.; $899,999 lose.
21-Coal strike declared off.
22 Denmark refuses to sell islands.
23 Coal mining resumed.
23-CoagTf emsn Russell of Connecticut
died.
24 Coal commission at work.
25 W. Wilson, pres. of Princeton.
25 Frank Norrls. author, died.
28-Elizabeth Cady Stanton died. New
Tork.
27 Prince Alert, one-half mile. 574a.
28 Volcanic eruption. Guatemala; 7.098
Uvea.
31 British cable around world.
NOVEMBER.
2 St. Pierre. Martinique, burned.
2 Steamer Enero lost efC English coast:
32 Uvea.
4 Fireworks explosion Madison Square.
New Tork; 15 Uvea.
8 Bond-Hay treaty signed.
8-Judge Nathan Webb died. Maine.
19 Spanish cabinet resigned.
11-R. M. Field died. Boston.
11 Molineux acquitted. New Tork.
13 Railroad raised wages.
14 Boiler explosion Swift's packing
house. Chicago: IS Uvea.
14-RooseveIt hunted bear. Mississippi.
15 Shots fired at King Leopold.
15-P. O. Vlekery died. Maine.
16 Armour packing plant, Sioux City,
burned: loss. $909,999.
17 Building eup defender, Bristol.
21 Peace in Colombia.
21 Steamer sunk in Danube; 39 lives.
22 Wisconsin Central ore docks. Ash
land. Wis., burned: loss. 8525.990.
22 Herr Kmpp died. Germany.
24 Riots in Havana.
25-Thos. P. Ochiltree died. Virginia.
27 Cattle embargo. New England.
27 Steamer Sylvanus J. Macy lost. Lake
Erie; 18 Uvtt.
27 Steamer Bannockburn lost. Lake Su
perior; 39 Uvea.
28 Rev. Joseph Parker died. London.
DECEMBER.
2 Holmes for United States Supreme
court bench.
2 Message to Congress on trusts.
4 Minister Buck died. Japan.
6 Sllvela. premier of Spain.
6 Alice Freeman Palmer died. Paris.
7 Thos. Nast died. Ecuador.
7 Thos. B. Reed died. Washington.
8 Ultimatum to Venezuela.
9 Venezuelan ships sunk.
9 Castro arrested foreigners.
3 Fire Atlanta. Ga.: loss $1,090,099.
13 Puerto Cabello bombarded.
13 American sheet steel plant. Canal Do
ver, Ohio, burned: loss fl.6ae.0S9.
14-Mrs. U. 8. Grant died. Washington.
14 Laying new Pacific cable.
20 Venezuelan ports blockaded.
20 Humbert family. French swindlers.
arrested in Madrid.
2e-te9.099.999 fund raised by Methodists.
28 Arbitration expected. Venezuela.
21 Wireless message across Atlantic.
22 Dr. Temple, archbishop of Canter
bury, died.
22 Railroad collision Byron. CaL; 1$
lives.
28-Mary Hartwell Catherwood. novelist;
died.
27 Storm Copenhagen. Denmark; 12 lives.
27 Railroad collision Wanstead. Ont.; 29
Uvea.
20 Adventist printing plant. Battle Creek.
Mich., burned; loss. $609,099.
$1 Castro agrees to arbitration Hague
tribunal.
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Lords Kitchener and Miiner. of a docu
ment embodying terms of surrender.
The Boers' persistence In the conflict
had won for them the conditions on
which they had Insisted when they were
ready to yield more than a year before.
They bad not been, holding out for inde
pendence, but for clemency tor their
leaders and for the return to South
Africa of the, Boer prisoners on English
islands. They gained these -things and
also the gift of $15,890,099 In cash to be
used in the restoration of their agricul
ture, and promises of further loans ss
they needed them, .together with the
assurance that self-government on colon
ial Unes would be rapidly granted thenw
The VenemMla Imbraf lie.
At the beginning of the year Germany
and England were acting. In harmony
on a plan to compel Venezuela to pay a
few minions of debts doe -their subjects.
It was understood they had given the
United States assurances that they
would not in any way pvarstep the
limits set by the United States la the
The sending of the first .wireless mes
sage across the ocean by the Marconi
system was one of the great achieve
ments of the year. The first signals were
sent in August from Noa Scotia to
Cornwall, but in .December they were
followed by complete messages from
Lord Minto. governor general of Canada,
to King Edward and to the king of Italy.
In the matter of the navigation of the
air some progress was made, an notably
when Stanley Spencer sailed thirty miles
across London in September.
The year witnessed one of the greatest
disasters in history during the volcanic
activity in the West Indian islands, when
Moat Peiee's eruption on Martinique
killed, with a handful of exceptions.
every living being of the city of St.
Pierre, 49,960 souls. The response of
America to the story of suffering was
such a prompt creation of both govern
ment andprivate relief funds as to add
an additional great surprise to the many
the United States has given to the world
in the last few years.
At the eadiftg at the year nothing, per-
ment in the situation as compared with
19C1. The decrease In the Are waste would
have been still more marked but for sev
eral large fires In December. The losses
this year of 8100.000 and upwards reached
a total of $76,650,000.
Disasters in the United States.
The following table gives the loss 'of
life resulting from disasters of various
kinds In this country during 1$02 as re
ported: Fires ............ l.fO; Alines ... SIS
Drowning 2.008,' Cyclones and
Explosions 528) storms 491
Falling Build- I Lightning 298
tags, etc. 419; Electricity 131
Hangings in 1902.
The number of legal executions in 1902
was 114. as compared with US lu 1901
and 119 in 1900.
Trusts Formed During the Year.
New trusts, with a total capital ef al
most 84.000.000,000. were formed during
19C2. Of this vast capital oxer seven
eighths, or approximately $3,700,090,009.
grevalled throughout the empire. Slowly,
owever. the King began to Improve, and
on August 9 the ceremony took place.
It was a gorgeous affair and one that
would have been long remembered as
having eclipsed all former jubilees had it
not been for the unfortunate postpone
ment and the serious illness of the King.
Apropos of the coronation it may be re
membered that at the supreme moment
when the Archbishop of Canterbury
reached to place the crown upon the
King's head he was overcome by the
strain of the occasion, aad tottered on
his feet so helplessly that for a moss tat
he seemed .about to fall. The Kmg
steadied him In his place, and a moment
later he recovered sunTklent strength to
continue the eeremonles. This venerable
prelate, the .foremost dignitary of the es
tablished Church of England, has just
died.
On July 11 Lord awJisbury resigned the
Premiership of Great Britain and was
eucceeded the following day by his
nephew. Arthur James awlfear. Two
days later Sir Michael Hkks-Beach re-
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signed as Chancellor of the Exchequer.
but since that there has been ho change
of importance m the new Premier's cab
inet. ReilfjUve Mevemcnta in 19S&
There has been perhaps nothing more
striking In the religious history of the
year just closed than the disposition ot
rellaleue bodies of different names to
"get together" in the practical prosecu
tion or their work. Nothing decisive has
yet come of the movement for a union
of the Methodist churches Ndrta and
South, aer of the Northern and Southern
PreSsytoriani. but progress has been
made. The project for bringing together
the Ceagregatlonausts. the Methodist .
Protestants and the United Brethren has
made hopeful advance.
Besides these schemes tor organic
union, which m the nature of the earn
move slowly, there have Men important
gams In co-jperltlbn and federation in
church work. Different denomination
have found It practicable to divide their
fields, and to work without waste or
overlapping In the cities, among the scat
tered population of rural districts. And
la mlasloh fields. There has been leas
duplication ef work, and a closer ap
proach to comity la aU later-church re
lattens than ever before.
The missionary activities of the
churches have been greatly stimulated.
Most of the foreign mission boards ate
out of debt. New Openings In China, In
the Philippines end elsewhere are eager
ly TMltsed. The convention Of Student
Volunteers la Canada last summer
showed hundreds of college-bred young
men and womea la readiness to eater
the mission Held as soon as the oppor
tunity offered.
Finally, the. year has been one of gen
erene giving. The most remarkable single
instance is found in the Methodist'
church. Three years ago. on "watch
night." there went out from a dpriflg
aeld church a call for a Iwenty-mUlton-dollar
fund for the development of Meth
odist religious and educational work.
Dee. 31. In the same church, to the peo
ple assembled to watch eat the Old Tear.
was made the ofnetnl announcement of
the completion of this noble fund. It to
a great achievement, which fltUngly
crowns the closing year.
IMeiwarl WmmTXjemnjJvle
The prrfMteal campaign which conclud
ed at the November elections concerned
the general question of the policy of the
government toward huge combinations
of capital. The tariff became agate also,
after long neglect, to some extent a real
political Issue, and a demand so strong
that It could not. prior to the election,
be Ignored, was raised within the Repub
lican party Itself, for a recasting of the
schedule of duties, aad a moderating of
ail such duties as served to strengthen
industrial monopolies.
The elections gave the Republican par
ty a majority of thirty In the next
House, only slightly less than its pres
ent majority.
The November Electiene.
The general elections of November 4 re
sulted In the election of the Fifty-eighth
Congress as follows: Republicans. 208;
Democrats. 178.
November 4. Of the states In which
United States Senators are to be chosen
the following elected Republican legisla
tures: California. Connecticut. Delaware.
Idaho. Illinois, Indiana. Kansas. Michi
gan. New Hampshire. New Tork. North
Dakota. Pennsylvania. South Dakota.
Utah. Washington and Wisconsin. Demo
cratic legislatures were chosen in Colo
rado. Florida. Missouri. Nevada. North
Carolina and South Carolina.
The foUowing atato governors were
elected: Alabama. William D. Jelks
(Dem.); California. Dr. George C. Par
dee (Rep.); Colorado. James H. Peabody
(Rep.): Connecticut. Ablram Chamber
lain (Rep.): Idaho. John T. Morrison
(Rep.): Kansas. Willis J. BaUey (Rep.):
Massachusetts. John L. Bates (Rep.);
Michigan. Aaron T. Bliss (Rep.): Minne
sota. Samuel K. Van Sant (Rep.): Ne
braska, John H. Mickey (Rep.): Nevada.
John Sparks (Dem. Silver): Now Hamp
shire. Nahum J. Bachelder (Rep.); New
Tork. Benjamin B. Odell. Jr. (Rep.);
North Dakota. Frank White (Rep.):
Pennsylvania. Samuel W. Pennypacker
(Rep.): Rhode Island. Dr. L. F. C. Gar
vin (Dem.): South Carolina. Duncan C.
Heyward (Dem.): South Dakota. Charles
N. Herreid (Rep.); Tennessee. James
B. Frazler (Dem.); Texas. Samuel W. T.
Lanham (Dem.): Wisconsin. Robert M.
LaFollette (Rep.); Wyoming. De Forest
Richards (Rep.).
Re-elected.
New Tork City gave a Democratic plu
rality of 121.989.
Prince Henry's Visit
Four days later and on Hie same day
Mrs. Stone was released. February 23.
Prince Henry of Prussia, brother of Kais
er William of Germany. landed In New
Tork. and as the nation's guest was ac
corded a grander welcome thaa ever
given a foreign visitor. He came to rep
resent his brother at the launching of
his yacht, the Meteor, built by an Ameri
can firm and christened by Miss Alice
Roosevelt at Shooter's Island. New Tork.
February 25. On the 27th the Prince, his
suite and the diplomatic corps at Wash
ington attended a session of both Houses
of Congress In the Senate Chamber, at
which Secretary of State Hay delivered
his memorial address in eulogy of the
late President McKinley. During the re
mainder of his visit the Prince's special
train bore him westward, as far as St.
Louis. MUwaukee and Chicago, south as
far as Chattanooga, where a brief but
enthusiastic welcome awaited him at
every stop: He sailed for home on
March 11. leaving a pleasant impression
of himself behind and bearing with him
a favorable idea of America.
Troubles in China.
To the story of 1901 belongs the bloody
"Boxer" outrages and the retrlbutory
occupation of Ticn-Tsin and Peking by
the allied forces of Russia. England.
Germany. France. Austria. United States.
Italy and Japan. The flight of the Em
press Dowager with her grandson, the
Emperor, and the rest of the Chinese
court and the tedious negotiations at
tending the settlement occurred In the
preceding year, but it was not until Jan
uary 7 that the remarkable woman who
dominates the government of China re
turned to Peking. With all show of gra
eiousness and reassuring messages to the
foreign diplomatic court reassembled
within the Forbidden City, arrangements
were made for the payment of the indem
nities to the powers and a withdrawal of
the allied soldiers was discussed. This
evacuation was delayed because of fear
created by Russia's attitude In Manchu
ria. The diplomats of the other allies
feared her intention to retain possession
of that province, but when England and
the United States entered a compact to
preserve the. Integrity of the Celestial '
Kingdom and England and Japan allied
themselves to maintain the "open gate"
for trade the fear passed and by the
Manchurian convention Russia disclaims
her IntenUon to annex territory and lim
its her occupation to a military force
suflcient to protect her great railroad.
This and the gradual reduction of the al
lied troops marks the close of the very
one-sided Chinese war. True, there hat
been a slight hitch in the payment of the
indemnities. China claiming the right to
settle on a silver basts, the allies de
manding a gold standard. Aside from
this nothing of international interest has
occurred In China. The rebellion In the
southern provinces waa entirely a Chi-.
nese affair.
Wars.
Although the Boer war and the Philip- '
pise outbreak are already thugs of the
past, the war loss of the year keeps
wen up to that of last year, being, in
round numbers. 25.789 in 1898. as compared
with 27.899 la WL The heaviest loams
this year have been in Cmna, Africa.
Veaegaela and the TraasvaaL
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