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The Wounded Flag.
The wounded flags! They bear them
Aleft to-day In pride
The living ones, who share them
Alike with those who aiea.
The flags that faintly flutter
la cadence with the drum.
Aa though they sought to utter
Their Joy that peace has come.
I
r
The wounded flags! We hold them
Far dearer than the rest:
Close to our hearts we fold them
The flags by tatters blest;
The flags with shotboles gapln;,
That tell their tale of strife, ;.
To-day are gently draping "
The ones who cling to life.
The wounded flags! How proudly
They fluttered in the days
When drums were thrumming loudly
And flfes sang warring lays!
How brave was all their glowing
Where fierce the war-guns spoke!
llieir stars forever showing.
A beacon through the smoke!
The wounded flags! We hail them.
And revel in each hue.
Though age and time may pale them,
And red blend into blue.
Though all grow dark and duller,
- Yet in their every part
We see the living color
That thrills the nation's heart!
W. D. Kesbit in Baltimore American.
Thoughts on Going Into Battle.
A Los Angeles subscriber contrib
utes the following:
Some old "war horses" got together
ia the lobby of one of Los Angeles'
hotels a few evenings ago and ex
changed experiences and spun yarns
of the war of the rebellion. Among
other things they discussed their sen
sations on the occasion of their first
battle. Said one:
"As we were going into action, and
I saw across the fields great columns
of gray advancing to meet us, I kept
wondering if over there in those ranks
some 'Johnnie had in his gun the bul
let meant for me."
Said the second man: "A little
ahead of men was our color bearer,
ami aa we marched on the enemy I
kept say eyes fastened on the flag,
and I thought to myself, 'If I die, It
win be for the dear old Stars and
Stripes."
The third man spoke: "Our regi
ment was mostly made up of city
chaps, and, take us as a whole, we
were a pretty good-for-nothing lot. We
had been attracted to the service by
a lore of adventure and in a measure
tempted by liberal bounties. As a
rale our lives, up to the time of our
enlistment, has been spent in idleness
or worse. In our account of the world
the credit side was mostly blank.
Later In the war we were patriotic
enough, and many of us would have
stayed on Indefinitely in the service
for pure love of country and hatred of
her enemies, but at the time of our
first battle we had little of that spirit
ia our regiment Our captain pretty
thoroughly understood the situation,
and before we started in for the fight
he made a little address for the pur
pose of awakening enthusiasm on our
"part and reassuring us as much as
possible. He closed his address by
telling us to be brave. 'Don't be
. afraid, boys,' he said. 'Remember that
for every man hit his weight in lead
has been fired at him.' Then he gave
the order to move on the enemy. We
had to advance across an open field,
under the guns of the enemy, and I
remember thinking, as the boys began
dropping pretty tolerably fast about
me: 'What an expensive way to get
rid of a lot of cheap cusses like us.'
That's all I thought of till about two
weeks later, when I woke up to hear
the hospital surgeon say: 'Guess this
fellow's going to make a fetch of it,
after all."
A Famous Civil War Seng.
"Listen to the Mocking Bird" was
familiar to nearly every man. woman
and child in this country a score of
years ago, and yet it is doubtful if
one in many thousands ever stopped
to wonder who was the composer. He
was Septimus Winner, and his death
In Philadelphia at the age of 75
brought to many the first information
as to his having written the familiar
song. The publishers are said to have
realized $3,000,000 on the sales of
"Listen to the Mocking Bird," and yet
all that Winner ever received for it
was $35. Another song of his that
became popular during the war of the
. rehellon was "Give Us Back Our Old
Commander." Of this song the Phila
delphia Times says:
"Fifty thousand copies were quickly
sold ia Washington, and a few days
afterward 100.000 soldiers sang the
song while marching along the Rap
pahannock on their way to Fredericks
burg, where disastrous defeat over
took them. 'Give Us Back Our Old
Commander' could be heard at night
from oae end of the Union lines to the
other, and at Chanceliorsville, where
.Hooker displayed his inability to cone
successfully with Lee, it was sung
with renewed vigor.
"But at this point the commotion
created by the song reached a climax
when the war department issued an
order suppressing its sale and pro
hibiting the singing of It The gov
ernment however, did not stop at
this, for Julia Mortimer, one of the
greatest of American singers, who was
then filling an engagement at Ford's
theater, was informed' that imprison
ment awaited her if she persisted in
making the objectionable song a part
of her role. Actors in Baltimore were
enjoined by the government from sing
lag it ia the theaters.
' "About this time an agent of the
government waited on Mr. Winner,
who conducted a music store at
Death and Spring Garden streets, and
Informed aim that further publication
of the song would not be tolerated by
the government and a refusal to com
ply with the demand means imprison
ment in Fort Lafayette. No addi
tional copies of 'Give Us Back Our
Old Commander' were placed on the
market"
Deserters from the Army.
"I have often wondered," said the
colonel, "what became of the deserters
from the Union army. We had sev
eral fa oar regiment that were not ap
preheuded daring the war, and I have
never met or heard of oue of them
ataee the close of the war. I have
heard ef oae man who left our regi
ment and enlisted in another, and of
who mysteriously dlsan-
at ox oownngnt deserters, not
"Net Including drafted men who
Jailed to report and not including the
left we ranks after Lee's
, there were 112,000 desert-
tbe TJaHm army, and Gen.
reported fully as many in
ISM
the Confederate army. la-
-were afTered to deserters
anay.oa both aides.
time to return
Crm tto fmpatac
Mi thw Cssdiitrato
HrpMn at cm
Union deserters Utattgn 'their lines on
promise that they would remain at
home during the war. But I never
met a man, or heard of one, who had
returned to his home in that way.
Hundreds of men who had seen
service in the Confederate regiments
came to our lines in Kentucky and
East Tennessee, and many of them
entered eagerly into Union regiments,
A few Union soldiers taken prisoners
probably enlisted in Confederate regi
ments, but the mass of deserters from
the Union army were not thai Rind of
men. They left the Union service be
cause of their dislike for discipline or
for military duty, and so far as their
comrades were concerned or their
friends at home, they dropped out of
life. Now, what became of them?
Where did those hundred thousand de
serters go? What sort of a life did
they live afterward?" Chicago Inter
Ocean.
All's Quiet Along the Potomac
The director of the Department of
History has discovered a very inter
esting diary among the war records
of the state of Mississippi, kept by
William H. Hill, clerk in the quarter
master's department of the Thirteenth
Mississippi regiment Under date of
Fredericksburg, Va., March 7, 1863,
occurs this entry:
"The following lines were composed
by Lamar Fontaine of Pontotoc
county. Miss., when a private in the
Eighteenth Mississippi regiment
Barksdale's brigade, while on picket
duty on the Potomac river, near Lees
burg, Va., in the fall of 1861. He was
several times wounded in the Valley
of Virginia in the year 1862 under
Gen. Stonewall Jackson and has been
discharged from the service."
Then follows the lines which proved
to be the well known "All's Quiet
Along the Potomac To-night"
This little entry in the military
diary shows that if Major Fontaine
laid claim to the production of some
one else in the shape of this poem,
as is generally received among liter
ary folk, he did it very early in action.
He has maintained his title to the
authorship up to the present time,
and his claim has caused numerous
controversies as to its authenticity.
Memphis (Tenn.) Commercial-Appeal
Remembered the Dog.
Pension Commissioner Ware was
sitting in his office at Washington one
day when a brigadier general of the
regular army was ushered in.
"This Mr. Ware?.' he asked.
"I'm that same." replied Ware.
"What can I do for you?"
"I don't suppose you remember me,
do you?" was the reply.
"Well, I don't know that I do," said
Ware, taking a side look at the man
again, and then, under suduen inspir
ation, but with a slow drawl, "but I
would like to know what the devil
you've done with that dog?"
The stranger was astonished, but
laughed heartily, and the two had a
long chat It seems that during the
civil war the two had been slightly
acquainted, the stranger being a mem
ber of the First Iowa. He was known
as a reckless fellow, wholly superior
to the little niceties of toilet and
bath. He owner a bull dog named Ma
jor that was the pet of the company.
After a meal the soldier would toss
his plate aside and call Major to wash
the dishes. And Major would lick the
platter clean.
And it was this recruit of the days
of '61 that walked into Ware's office
in the stiff, precise garb of the briga
dier general of the regulars. Ware
did not remember him at first, but
suddenly wa5 struck by something
familiar about the fellow, and, al
though he could not remember his
name, did remember the dog. Iola
Register.
Monuments at Mission Ridge.
The commission to erect a monu
ment to Ohio soldiers at Mission
Ridge has three sites In view, any of
which are within the limits of the
glory achieved by the Buckeye boys
in that battle.
The first is just south of Bragg's
headquarters, or south of the center
of the right and left flanks of the as
saulting columns. The second site is
500 feet south of Bird's Springs road,
where Hazen's brigade assaulted the
Confederate lines. The brigade was
composed of the First, Sixth, Ninth,
Ninety-third and One Hundred and
Twenty-fourth Ohio regiments and as
saulted Slocum's Louisiana battery at
that point
The fortification occupied by the
battery and the earthworks used by
the Confederate infantry are still in
good preservation, and the national
commission has promised, if the mon
ument is located there, to restore the
works to their original condition and
to place the battery in position.
The third site is south of De Long's
point, where Turchin's brigade is said
to have charged. The second men
tioned site is said to have the prefer
ence of the commission, although no
official action has been taken.
Last of the Merrimac Crew.
In a village of barely fifty people,
down in Beaufort county, says the
Raleigh (N. C.) Observer, lives Wil
liam R. Tetterton, the last survivor of
the crew of the famous Confederate
states warship Merrimac, formerly
the old Virginia. He is sixty-seven
years old, and Is in many ways the
same old unreconstructed rebel that
he was In the days from '61 to '65. In
Richmond, Lieut Woods had a re
cruiting station, and he was signing
men for service on the Merrimac. The
idea of a naval life appealed to young
Tetterton, and he enlisted for ser
vice. The war vessel had not as yet
been out on any expeditions, and the
new recruit found himself one of the
first among a rather scanty crew. He
served on the boat from the first day
she' went into service until the order
came from the secretary of the Con
federate states navy to put her out of
commission.
He Shot Gen. Reynold.
Leander T. Hecsel of Quarryville,
Penn., while on a recent visit to North'
Carolina, met Benjamin C. Thorpe, a
Confederate veteran, who says he' Is'
the sharpshooter who killed Gen. John'
F. Reynolds, the hero of Gettysburg.
Thorpe was a member of the Fifty
fifth North Carolina regiment On
the first day of the fight the Confeder-'
ate sharpshooters were stationed near
Cashtown. "1 was on a cherry tree
when the general was pointed out to'
me," said Thorpe, "and after fixing
my sight at $00 yards I. fired. I saw"
him fall lata the anas of "a companion.
1 That eveaknc I was told I had kin
Reynolds."
Melting.
Molting period generally lasts from
July to December! The . old faded
feathers become deficient in the nitro
genous and mineral matter that com
atose them and art cast oft'
The eadltlng season may be shorten-
ed so as to 'cover a period ti but six I
to ten weeks.
To do this and to bring about an
early nwrtt breed from those pullets,
W hens rather, which molt the earliest
and most rapidly and which prove
your earliest winter layers.
During the molting season give the
fowls the following care: Feed sys
tematically and scientifically. Provide
plenty of good drinking water, given
fresh twice a day, in a drinking vessel
that is kept clean and In the shade, if
fowls are confined give plenty of
shade and scratching material in a
cool, airy place. Provide plenty of
good grit And ground oyster shells, if
they have no grass run provide clover
meal for mivlng III the morning mash.
Provide plenty of road dust and see
that the hens use it Be sure and keep
down the lice. Provide charcoal. Keep
the hens healthy and condition pow
ders are not necessary, but use them
twice a week if the hens show the
need of it Feed a variety and only
all that they will eat up clean.
For a morning feed take one quart
of coarse corn meal, one pint of good
beef meal, oae quart of wheat brad
and one quart of white middlings and
one quart of ground oats; mix thor
oughly. Take one quart of clover meal
whfcrh has been scalded the evening
before by enough boiling water to wet
the whole and left to steam and stir
the clover and clover tea into the
mash until It is thoroughly mixed and
feed to your flock.
Increase or diminish this amount of
feed according to the size of the flock.
In this mash every other morning
stir in while dry one tablespoon of
sulphur to every twenty-five hens.
Stir in charcoal every other morning.
Every other morning omit the quart of
middlings and substitute oil meal one
quart The oil meal and the sulphur
will aid in hastening the molt and are
needed in the composition of the new
feathers. In the evening feed whole
grain, oats and barley, which are flesh
and bone forming; rotate this with
corn and wheat Use charcoal as a
corrective for bowel trouble and as a
preventive of indigestion. Use linseed
meal to loosen the feathers.
As feathers contain lime, sulphur,
oil and nitrogen, clover meal and beef
meal or a run in a clover field among
the grasshoppers is a necessity to
produce rich, brilliant-colored feath
ers. Pea meal and sunflower seed are
rich in nitrogen.
Corn helps to hasten the molt;
wheat is rich in nitrogen. An all
round ration is necessary to produce
healthy birds, and only healthy, vig
orous birds on plenty of fodd rich in
nitrogen, as beef meal, corn meal,
clover meal, sunflower seed and lin
seed meal, can product glossy, rich
colored plumage. W. E. Dean, in
American Poultry Journal.
Popularity of Incubators.
The great increase in the use of
incubators is a matter worthy of spe
cial note. Poultrymen generally are
realizing the advantage of using incu
bators found that thousands of fan
ciers have adopted the incubator as a
more satisfactory hatcher than the
hen. They are made in different sizes
and capacities to fill the needs of
both the large and the small breed
er. An immense amount of time and
thought has been devoted to incu
bator construction and wonderful
strides toward perfection have been
made during the past few years. Man
ufacturers have such confidence in
their machines that they are willing
and anxious to sell them on trial and
risk the machine and the chances of
a sale in the hands of amateurs who
never before saw an incubator. The
result is that thousands of them are
being sold and the business this sea
son bids fair to figure up to an al
most incredible amount Tho old
prejudice against incubators is fast
disappearing as a result of improved
machines and the unqualified suc
cess of breeders with them. Nothing
counts like facts before one's eyes,
and in the case of the incubator the
evidence of this character is over
whelming. Incubator chicks proper
ly raised will make just as hardy,
vigorous, healthy fowls as will those
hatched under hens, and it is a com
mon thing to see them win the best
prizes in the show room. The fact of
the matter is that a poultryman who
pretends to do any business at all
cannot afford to ignore the incubator
and brooder. They aro practically
necessities if we wish to get the most
from our work. It is well to bear in
mind that while old methods are good
ones, the world moves and progress
is the watchword all along the line.
Twentieth century methods count in
the poultry business the same as they
do in other lines of trade, and it is
best to keep up with the-procession.
Destroying Red Mites.
Clean thoroughly the roosts, 'nest
boxes and other wood work where
these pests accumulate, then paint
with coaloil, using an old paint brush
to apply it with. Do this before and
after the hatching season. Put new
dirt on the floor and fill up the holes
which the fowls have scratched. Do
this each fall and you will soon get
rid of mites. After you place a suf
ficient amount of dirt on the floor,
level it and tamp it with a wooden
maul. This will make a better floor.
Fowls Need the Open Air.
Fowls should not be forced to ex
posure in cold winter weather, neither
should they be closely confined in
over-heated houses. There is a prop
er medium and ideal condition be
tween compelling them to roost in the
trees and keeping them all the tune
In warmed houses. They need a cer
tain amount of liberty in the open air.
To Kill Morning Glory Vines.
From the Fanners' Review: In hut
week's Review I saw the question
asked: "How can I kill the morning
glory vines?" I wish to contribute
three ways in which they have been
killed In my own neighborhood:
To Trill the morning glory vine:
First, by plowing deep in August;
second, by patting the ground 'in
broom corn three successive years;
third, a herd of good hungry swine
will clear a piece of ground of the
morrlng glory vine quicker than any
thing else, as they will dig and eat
every root a foot or more in the
ground. Cans. E. Freeman, Cham
paiga County. Illinois.
'KJLTwvBI
AKSdsmBdV amdaa. I asmTsr mBr a"P'iPB
wsl -JsSaw "jSmaSmSmSjdjVy4J bS.
?HH WjHESf It ml ST
'LIB BSr PH
ffasB9 "STflSsSaw lTsnsUfl
Th.TKoroV talking of Caws,
' The importance of thoroughly and
efoctually milking cows so as to re
move every drop of milk from the jkd
der during the milking process ia fre
quently overlooked J&T jnqt fully jsnLer-stood-.
. Oftisslon to do this not only
VeYy obviously causes a reduction la
the quantity of milk obtained, but
what is not so generally recognized,
it results in the production of milk of
a poorer quality .than would be the
case if the adder were thoroughly
stripped and relieved of its last drop
of milk The result of numerous
milking experiments in regard to this
question are available Id. show that
thh milk, as taken from the cow, le
not of an average composition that
is to say, that the first drawn milk v
abnormally poor in, fat content;
whilst the quality of the milk Im
proves hs the process of milking con
tinues, the last drawn milk being
richest in butter fat containing a
much higher percentage than a sam
ple of normal milk. Whereas the
first drawn milk may have as low a
fat percentage as 1.2 or 1.5, the last
pint withdrawn from the cow any
contain as much as 6 or 7 per cent of
fat
It is evident from this that unless
the strippihgs up to the last drop are
Included in the milk, the latter will
contain less butter fat than it should
do, if the milking operations were sat
isfactorily carried but To the' dairy
farmer who produces butter, this
means a decreased butter yield, but
this point is also bt great importance
to milk dealers. Although In average
dairy herds in this country the mixed
milk of the whole herd comes up to a
fair standakrd, yet the thorough milk
ing of the cows so as to include the
last drop in the udder is a safeguard
to some extent against the quality of
the milk falling below standard re
quirements. Apart from the reduction of the
yield and the quality of the milk by
incompletely milking the cows, this
slovenly practice in the case of helf
ers and young cows, whose milk se
cretlon has as yet not reached its
maximum limit involves a deteriora
tion of their milk yielding qualities,
or at any rate prevents a full develop
ment of the latter in succeeding lac
tation periods. Although the milk
yielding capacity is primarily an in
herited quality, yet to some extent it
depends on other factors, one of
which is the stimulation of the ud
der by meats of the milking process.
The greater the stimulation is, the
more beneficially will the develop
ment of the milk organs be influ
enced. Hence thorough and complete
milking of heifers and young cows is
especially to be desired as tending to
improve their mild-yielding qualities;
whilst if the milking process Is car
ried out in a careless and perfunctory
manner, the opposite effect results Jn
that it deteriorates the milk-yielding
qualities to a certain extent This
question receives a great deal of at
tention by some of the dairymen in
different countries. I have known of
some instances where the operation
of milking was continued in the case
of heifers and young cows,, especially
the former, in their first lactation
period for some time after all tho
milk has been drawn, solely with the
view of stimulating the udder. With
a view of developing the milking qual
ities and to increase the milk yield
in future lactation periods, it is
further desirable to prolong the first
few lactation period of a young cow
as much as possible, within reason
able limits, of course, and not to al
low them to dry off too soon; as this
has an adverse effect on the quan
tity of the future milk yields in suc
ceeding lactation periods. This ap
plies only to dairy cattle of course.
Hoard's Dairyman.
Warm Water for Cows.
The Germans have been trying the
effect of warm water on milk produc
tion. They found that while the cows
drank on an average 73 pounds of
warm water per day, they drank but
G3 pounds of cold water. The cows
that had the warm water consumed
three-quarters of a pound of food
more daily, but there was a smaller
quantity of dry food required for each
quart of milk.
The increase in water drank was
accompanied by an increase of water
in the milk, with no increase of total
solids. Here is a good opportunity
to speculate on increased metabolism
and assimilation of food owing to the
warm water, but in such cases it is
better to let the cows do the talking,
there is less of having to revise
theories, but there is not much doubt
that on the whole cold water does not
assist in butter or milk production.
Corn Meal vs. a Balanced Ration.
The Maryland Experiment Station
went into an extended experiment to
know the comparative effect of feed
ing corn meal or a balanced ration to
cows. It was found that on the bal
anced ration the cows keep more
healthy, in much better breeding con
dition, give more milk and are in
much better condition for the next
year's work.
The effect of the corn meal ration
was the same on all the cows, differ
ing only in degree. With one cow,
corn meal caused her to dry off, re
maining so for three months before
calving. This leads us to wonder if
much of the shy breeding often com
plained of may not be due to the
feeding of an unbalanced ration.
- The Rhodes Scholarships.
Dr. George Parkin, the commission
er charged with the awarding of the
Cecil Rhodes' scholarships in the
United States and the colonies. Is aow
in New York. Two hundred Oxford
scholarships will be at his disposal,
and he has but recently returned from
a conference with the University au
thorities. Considerable curiosity is ex
pressed as to the probable demand for
these scholarships and the class of men
who will apply. They cannot be ased
until the fall of 1904. Each scholarship
carries with It $1,500 for tares yean.
Utilizing 8Ulc Scraps
Save your scraps of silk aad when
you have an idle moment eat them late
strips and Join together, bleadiag the
colors as you see fit, and wiad iato
balls, like old-faahlonad carpet rags.
When enough have accumulated they
may be knit or crocheted into curtains
or rags or may be shirred aad then
sewed onto a fouadatioa to servo as
rug. table cover, spread or aay ether
use to which you choose to apply them.
A straight line is shortest ia mor
als sa well as in geometry. RobeL
mdHBmadsUv smmmmmmVsmQBmmmi ar YamfBrBa
(ApvssnjtvojBms sbwsssss&
Orchard and Berry Notes. ,-.
From the Farmers' Review: Here In
Central Illinois apple trees are usually
set SS to Si feet apart each way, two
rods being thought the best distance
apart Thar was a fair trod of Ap
ples hare taw year, add fair winter ap
plet are seillag at 50 to 75 cents per
rmfchet wholesale, whea hauled in by
'armers. Small fruits are often set
imong apple trees and usually, with
advantage to both kwds of fruits.
When starting fruit growing over
welve years did", I set all my berries
unong the trees, running ill rows
aorta and Math and parallel to the
tree rows. These berry plats ill did
well, and raspDerries, currants aad
gooseberries seemed to be better for
some shade. The finest currants and
zooseberrtes I ever saw were grown ia
the partial shade of an apple and
peach orchard, where the -apples aad
peaches were -planted together, the
peaches to ha cut out when room was
ueeded by the Apple trees. These trees
and berries have been planted ten
rears and are still in fine shape. The
peached and berries have been' much
more profitable thin the apples, the
Tatter not naving amounted to any
thing as yet But with twelve years'
experience I would hot again set berry
plants Cexcept perhaps strawberries)
among peach or plum, cherry or
quince trees; these coming tn'tb bear
ing so soon that the berries are in the
way before bearing many 'crops. Be
fore most berry plants are in full bear
ing the trees mentioned need all the
room. Among apple trees I would still
set all kinds of berries, setting the
first berry row eight feet from a row
of trees, the rows running north and
3outh.
In regard to the apple orchard writ
tea of ia the Fanners' Review that
was eatirely killed by being plowed
and cultivated in August, I have no
personal knowledge, but the trees
must have been rather old and have
made practically no growth till that
year. Thea a good working of the
soil caused every bud to start, making
the whole tree tender and easily kill
ed by zero weather. Perhaps the
growth was hastened and kept up
late by a fall like the present one. To
day, the 16th of November, I gathered
out of doors, roses, galiardias, chrys
anthemums and quite a bunch of orna
mental bean blossoms.
Peaeh buds here are thought to be
in very poor condition to stand the
winter, and it Is likely there will be
no peaches, in Central Illinois next
year unless the winter proves to be a
very mild one. Frank Alkin, Macon
County, Illinois.
Low Headed Fruit Trees.
From Farmers' Review: In reply to
your request for an expression of our
opinion concerning the low-heading of
trees, we will say that we practice this
In our own orchard at Lilly and be
lieve in it In our orchard we lost
only about ten trees by the tornado in
the spring, and these trees were in
variably those that had been injured
In other ways. Our orchards escaped
almost entirely and doubtless we owe
this escape, in part at least to the
low-heading of our trees. The points
mentioned by Senator Dunlap as ad
vantageous in this method are certain
ly well taken. In the heavy storm of a
few weeks ago our pears still on the
trees were so ripe that about 600 bush
els were shaken down. But among
the thousands of bushels this was not
a large proportion. A small percent
age of apples on our trees were shak
en off; but these trees are too young
to be in proper bearing yet, and can
not be taken as a fair test of what
would have happened had they been
larger and loaded with fruit The
thousands of peach trees in the or
chard passed through the spring tor
nado almost without injury, and prob
ably the low heading of the trees had
much to do with this. However, the
heavy fringe of timber which sur
rounds our orchards on every side
must be given a full share of c-cdit
Lilly Orchard Company, McLean
county, I1L
Testimony for Spraying.
At a horticultural meeting an Illi
nois fruit grower said: I had a little
orchard of sixty trees that were ten
years old, and we never had secured
a plum from that :orchard. Every
plu i rotted last year, and this year
we sprayed three times with the Bor
deaux mixture and Paris green, and
we produced a good crop of plum's on
the trees that we spraye', while on the
trees that we did not spray the plums
all rotted, juac the same as they had
before; in fact,, we got so disgusted
with them that we cut out most of
those trees, and only saved abcut eight
or ten trees to experiment on, and
now we wish we had tliem back again.
A Tree Album.
If you do not know all the trees In
your neighborhood in their winter as
well as their summer dress, start a
tree album with' pasteboard leaves, on
which may be pasted the pressed
leaves, blossoms and samples of bark
and wood of trees.
What Type of Hog to Breed.
Swine breeding as a profession will
become more and more of an exact
science, and many of the methods of
feeding and breeding which have here
tofore yielded fairly good results
must soon be discarded for better
ones. There seems to be some differ
ence of opinion as to just what the
great American hog is. Some would
have us believe that he is of a bacon
type, but I am convinced that the
bacon type of hogs for this section Is
a long ways In the future: It is re
markable to how near the same stand
ard all the breeds' of hogs are work
ing to-day. It would seem hardly
probable that such a practically unan
imous opinion as is evidenced by the
ren are convinced that we are chas
ing after false gods, and could make a
great deal more money if we were
careful to produce a little different
type of hog and market it at 200
pounds weight They point to the
fact that they get over $1 per hun
dred weight more for hogs than we
do, making allowance for the differ
ence in freight rates, but I think the
much talked of bacon demand would
fade Into insignificance if it was sup
plied at the rate of 200.000 hogs per
week, of this type, going Into the
Chicago market So I am convinced
that our type and our methods as rec
ognised by the most up-to-date breed
ers are the proper oaes for the coun
try i which we live, and that a thor
ough study aad improvement of them
will result, in the most profit and best
sdvaacemeat of swine growing as a
professioa. W. M. McFadden, before
Iowa Swiae Breeder-.
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BsksrJm rsM Vsmsrl
MwfyifirBmitafr
MSSBflwssmmmaTES.
i r . . ...
The Origin ef Clays. -r
Prol.S R. Buckley ia, an address
before the Wisconsin Clay Workers'
Association tsald: .
It may be Uttrettlag to yoa to.jiive
me tell yon sbmethiag ia regard to the
origia of days. I am very eertsda
that maay of yoa are .familiar with
this subejet bat it- will do no .hfrm for
meot$fmak aa attempt, to place be
fore you. In a -somewhat systematic
manner the, origia of days.. In this
connection I will say. that all clays,
whether they .occur lions;, tlelak'e
shdfe.alob some itwius 4ael
yonder in central Wisconsin,, la. the
vicinltjr of Ean Claire la the form of
shales, or at Stockbridge aad Oakfieid
in the form of shales, no matter where
they occur, they are the result of the
breaking dowa, the decomposition of
igneous rocks, rocks which have been
formed from molten material, sblidl
fled within or at the surface fit the
earth. It Is supposed that aU the ear
liest rocks formed were of igaebas
origin. We have two classes of rocks;
the igneous and the sedlmeatary
rocks., The : sedimentary rocks have
been. derived from the lgaeoas rocks
largely, through the mechaaicjal break
ing down of the later rocks, lad thai
the sedimentary rocks; sandstone,
limestone and slate r which covers a
large portion of Wlscoasla ire.oftea
spoken of as secondary; simply meaav
tag by the term secondary that they
have been derived from some .other
rock. If this should be carried still
farther it might be said that the days
are sometimes tetiary rocks. They
may be either tertiary or depeadlag
upon whether or not they have beea
derived directly from the igneous
rocks. If they have beea derived
directly from the Igneous rocks they
will be secondary, and If they havd
been derived by the breaking down
of the sedimentary rocks they may be
known as tertiary In this connec
tion I speak of the clays is rocks from
the fact that scientifically any accum
ulation of mineral matter, whether
solidified or not, comes in under the
head of the term rock, that is, the
scientific application of the term
rock.
Clays may be conveniently divided
into two classes known as-residual
and transported. A residual day is
one that results from the decomposi
tion of a rock in place. Take for ex
ample a thousand acres of land in the
northern part of Wisconsin, covered
with naked rocks, and let it be sub
jected to the atmospheric agencies
for an indefinite term of years aad
you will have the rocks brokea dowa
Into a loose earthy mass. The rain
water seeps into the rock and the
breaking down of that rock simply
means that certain constituent ele
ments are separated from the miner
als which compose that rock and are
carried oft by the underground water.
That part of the rock which remains
Is known as a residual clay, provided
the rock originally contains the clay
constituent.
In a great many cases the small par
ticles that have been broken from the
different rocks which cover the sur
face of the earth are picked up by
the water which flows off from the
surface and carried into the streams
and by them into the oceans, lakes
or flood plains of tho streams, and
there deposited. These particles are
sorted out according to their size and
specific gravity, particles of like size
and the same specific gravity being
accumulated in one place. Farmers'
Review.
Gestation of Sheep.
Bulletin 95, of the Wisconsin Sta
tion, says: At the Experiment Station
our service rams are kept separate
from the flock during the breeding
season and only turned with the ewes
for a short time each day, during
which, the shepherd or an assistant is
on hand to note which ewes are in
heat and which ones breed, conse
r. ently we have no difficulty in keep
ing an accurate record of the time of
service of each ewe. Of 524 ewes that
have been bred and dropped their
lambs, the period of. gestation has
ranged from 140 to 156 days, and the
greatest number, 113 ewes, or 21.6 per
cent, dropped their lambs on the 146th
day after service; the next greatest
number, 81 ewes, or 15.5 per cent
dropped their Iambs 147 days after be
ing bred and 404 ewes or 77.1 per cent
dropped their Iambs between the 144th
and 150th days after service. Only two
ewes carried their young for more
than 154 days, one yeaning 155 and the
other 156 days after taking the ram,
while only one ewe yeaned as early as
140 days after service. All three of
these ewes gave girth to dead lambs,
which would at least suggest that these
extreme periods were abnormal. From
the data here given, representing as it
does the various breeds of sheep, we
feel quite justified In stating that the
extreme range of the normal period of
gestation in breeding ewes is thirteen
days beginning at 142 and extending to
154 days after service.
We may also, safely conclude that
the greatest number of ewes may be
expected to drop their lambs at least
six days earlier 'than was found by
Tessler to be the case with breeding
ewes in France. This difference may
be accounted for. In part, at least, by
the peculiar characteristics of the va
rious breeds. Of the 32 pure-bred
Southdown ewes 20 or 62.8 per cent
carried their Iambs less than 147 days
and of the 8 pure-bred Merinos 6, or
75 per cent, carried their lambs over
this period, while the Shropshire
grades and the various crosses of
Shropshires vlth Dorsets and Merinos
occupy a middle position between the
two above mentioned breeds. From this
it would seem that the more compact
and quick maturing the breed, the
shorter the period of gestation, and
vice versa. Since the Merinos are
much longer in reaching their matur
ity in breeding as well as in growth
and general development than either
the Southdown or the Shropshire
we might reasonably expect them
to carry their young a longer
time. This conclusion would serve to
explain the longer period of gestation
noted In France since practically all
of the sheep of that country are of the
Merino type. Farmers' Review.
Farmers will do well to give the
question of fuel for the future some
consideration. The wood lot should
be carefully looked after.
Now Is a good time to take stock of
what Is on the farm and the cost and
profits of operating during the past
season.
The man who wears a small hat gen
erally has a big opinion of himself.
NEBRASKA
tltSttMMMJlMllMlMMlMtiiUt
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SENATOR MILLARD AT HOME.
!"" at""..
nMMrnt rfcsll WefJsWIIwJpsjII m fjiMiptw
it Weeks.
V I
. Senator Millard has returned from
Washington aad will remaik, ti Om:
ja two .weeko baeiaese: , $k$ seaV
ator is looking well after, his alight
Indisposition at the capital and will
be busy during his stay ia the dty.
"Matters will be quiet at Wasabir
toa for two weeks," ! V. "had as
! nad pressing business ia Omaha I
concluded to come here during. M hol
iday vacation." There will be. little
doae after the recess, aayway. ia my
opinion. I confidently look for the
adoption of the reciprocity treaty with
Cuba. It appears to me that Senators
Elkins aad Babcock aad the rest of as
who were called 'insurgents' are" idy
id withdraw opposition; aUeasjL I ami
We find that the people of the country
are with the presldeat,t.and we .will
give the people whai they ,.!
understand that there is practically
no change,between the treaty propos
ed last year and the one now tip for
consideration'. .,
. "The general appropriation bill will
be passed, and it is possible that a, bill
authorizing the leasing of public .land
will be passed. The bill has not been
introduced, but I understand. ii wili
be immediately after the holidays by
Mr. Lacey.
"There is really nothing being done
by the department in the matter o!
the fencing of the public una. There
Is a lot of newspaper talk; teit netfe
ing in the way of rehiovtng the feneds
can be done .with the present condi
tion of weathen But the only things
reasonably certain in the way Of legis
lation are the Cuban treaty and the
general appropriation bill'
UNITED AFTER MANY YEARS
R. a Backus Find Daughter After
Ling Scparatied
PLATTSMOUTH There is coaaect
ed with the life of Mrs. Agnes Lieber
shal, formerly Miss Agttei Backud of
this city, a story which reads like le
lion. Mrs. Lieberthal's mother died six
months after the former Was born,
and her father, R. 0. Backus, after
placing his child in the keeping of Mr.
and Mrs. Dennis McCarthy of taw dty,
drifted out into the World to Seek his
fortune, and net frost that day Until
recently did he hear anything directly
from his daughten
Then he recived a letter from her
addressed to Cincinnati, O. He lm
meditely answered it expressing his
great pleasure at hearing from her and
stating that he had written many let
ters to relatives and others la Platts
mouth inquiring about her, but for
some unknown cause these letters were
unanswered and he had beea kept in
Ignorance as to whether or not the
child was still alive
Mr. Backus arrived the day before
Christmas and is spending the holi
days with his 'daughter. He is a rep
resentative of the Cincinnati Times
Star and from general appearance is a
Very happy man. His daughter was
married about six months ago to An
tone Liebershal, a clgarmaker.
NEBRASKA CATTLE ALL RIGHT.
State Official Makes Investigation and
Reports Favorably.
LINCOLN. State Veterinarian
Thomas, who has just returned from
Scotts Bluff county, reports that after
a critical examination into the condi
tions prevailing in the western end of
the state he finds the cattle industry
in excellent condition. This tends to
relieve the alarm that has been cre
ated by the reports sent out to the
press concerning the condition of the
ranges in Wyoming and Colorado. The
snow Injures the grass for forage pur
poses to a certain extent, but the Ne
braska ranchmen are awakening to the
need for exercise of more foresight and
less dependence on providence to safe
guard their herds and keep them
through the winter. He saw much
stacked hay that had been put up in
preparation for the winter. He did
not see any herds that appeared to be
suffering from the stress of the weath
er and heard no stories of distress
among the ranchmen on the Nebraska
side of the line.
Pardon for Argabright
Governor Savage has pardoned J.
W. Argabright or South Omaha, who
began serving a life sentence for mur
der January 8, 1895. He shot and
killed his father-in-law, William
Smelser, in Howe, Nemaha county,
February 9, 1894. He was first con
victed and sentenced to ten years in
the penitentiary for manslaughter.
The case was three time3 taken to
the supreme court and Argabright
was twice sentenced to the peniten
tiary for life for murder in the first
degree.
Man with Money Missing.
J. M. Johnson, who disappeared from
Fails City, Neb., several weeks ago
with $6,000 in. his possession, is be
lieved .to.be either in hiding in St Jo
seph, Ma, or to have been killed.
Johnson drew the money from the
bank and was traced to St Joseph.
Mrs. Fannie Johnson, wife of the miss
ing man, followed him there, but lost
all trace of him. She has learned that
be did not deposit the money In a
bank or buy a draff. Detectives
have been employed to search for
Vacation Heme for Women.
Spencer Traak of New Tors: aad
George Foster Peabody of Brooklyn,
have a force of workmen employed ia
remodeling Crosbyside, a hotel oa
lake George, where they will establish
a vacation home for the young wo
men toilers of New York city.
Will
Booker-T. Washington has purchas
ed a aumbar of laajsra goats, to ha
added to his breeding farm stock at
(he Taskefee lastitate.
Ml
IN
Johasosu Ko, cause for hie dmsppear
aace ia known.
HASTINGS Barney Pierson, a cow
hoy jrho i welj krwwa .thrtmghoit
the western part of Nebraska . aad
Vi t fcl
eastera Cokwado, .was badly injured
by having a hroacho fall oa aim. He
was ridlag a wild aad bucking bron
cho whea the animal fell aad crashed
him to the earth. Far nearly five min
utes fi$heta ihe haunch, 8flh5
horse .Off his chest with his lefj haad
anil .Ue. prevented the imlmsJ froa
crushing .in his chest. Whea he was
anally released from his dangerous po
sition it was found that the blood ves
sels of his right leg had beea badly
ruptured aad he was otherwise injur
ed: TOLD IN A LINE:
The annual meeting of the state bar
assoclatioa wiRkbe held in Omaha
January 8 and 9.
The .state, bank at Surprise, was en
tered Tuesday nighty the safe blown
open aad $2,200 stolen.
Mrs! Bernard Oolan, an elderly Lin
cbla woman; was found in the ice bt
Salt creek, frbzea to death:
Captaia A: H: Hardy of Hyannis.
the celebrated wing shot, is in Omaha
under treatment for the appendicitis.
The York Ice company has gained
a monopoly on the ice business in
York by buying tip its only cempet
it8n JOhii fcotte, a well-to-do Kimball
county ranchman, is believed to hdv'd
perished in the recent storm. He left
wife..
Walter Wood, Arrested for Assault
upoa Dora Porter, a 14-year-old Aids
worth girl, has been sentenced by
Judge Westover to three years la the
penlteatlAry.
W; A- Richards, who is stated f6r
the posltioa of commissioner of the
general land Office", worked when a
young man la aa Omaha lumber yard.
He Was later. governor Of Wybnling:
Adams cotinty has paid of 2,000
of the bonds held by the state, leav
ing $100,000 in bonds still In th4
hands of the state treasurer, Another
block will soon be taken tip.
The papers ia Mexico City all com
ment on the arrival of W. 3. Bryan,
but it is Understood that his visit IA
merely one Of pleasure and recreation,
he being accompanied by. his family.
Dorre Howard, an 18-year-old Oma
ha boy, attempted suicide because of
obstacles which made it impossible for
Wiihelmiaa Sadler, a girl of hi3 own
age, to marry him. The boy Will re
cover. The foot ball warriors at the stata
university have their schedule for nest
fall about completed. The big gam
of the season will be played in Lincoln
Thanksgiving day with the university
of Illinois.
Fire damaged the Union P&clf c ho
tel at Sidney to the amount of $1,000
It started in the servants' quarter.!
and capable work on the part of the
local firemen alone saved the building
from total destruction.
Moses Hamm. 69 xears old, for
many years editor bi the' DtibUqM
Herald, a national democratic cdm
mitteeman from 1872 to 1888, once a
state senator and postmaster during
Cleveland's administration, is dead.
It is authoritatively stated that
Governor Mickey will make no ap
pointments to the positions of adju
tant general of the Nebraska National
guard and state oil inspector until
next spring. Several candidates are
making a lively scramble far thd
positions'.
Charles S. Young, formerly assist
ant general advertising- agent of the
Burlington, has been appointed gen
eral advertising agent of the Mil
waukee with headquarters in Chicago.
Mr. Young was formerly a reporter
in Omaha. His advancement in the
railway world has been rapid.
H. J. Evans of Hartley has tendered
his resignation as assistant state dairy
commissioner. He has held the posi
tion for fourteen months and his res
ignation is prompted by the fact he is
about to enter into the creamery bus
iness. Mr. Evans is ranked as one of
the leading buttermakers of the state.
Two unusual marriages occurred at
A! ns worth Christmas week. The con
tracting parties in one were Levi Lind
quist and Miss Grace Hagerman, the
groom weighing a little over 100
pounds, while the bride weighs 320
pounds. In the second marriage Ca
leb Hiveley, aged 72 years, was united
in marriage to Mrs. Anna, E. Sopher,
aged 67 years.
An interesting suit will soon be'
started in Lancaster county, wherein
the county commissioners will seek tc
compel County Judge Waters to pay
into the county treasury fees which he
has collected for performing marriagf
ceremonies. Judge Waters insists that
he is just 03 much entitled to the feef
for performing the marriage ceremony
as are the ministers of the gospel whe
perform them.
J. H. Hadkinscn of Omaha has beer
appointed head gardener for the de
partment of horticulture ia connectior
with the world's fair. Mr. Hadkinsos
is a native of England and studied
gardening in that country. He bad
charge of the gardening at toe Omaha
exposition and of Nebraska's horticul
tural exhibit at the Pan-American.
For two years he was secretary of
the State Horticultural society of Ne
braska.
Money Centers ef Two Cities..
The money center of London is the
"city." which is tho heart of EngT
lead's capital. Ia its square mile oi
territory is great store of wealth. It
populatioa during hours of bushiest
is -more than a million. During the
night the number of its residents is
insignificant. The money center oi
New York is the Wall street district
It is of much smaller area thaa Lou-
dea's "city." but it posssssss , the
same characteristics, crowded j -day
aad almost empty ay Bight
GENERAL
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