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About The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 7, 1903)
ta, - v " " - -. WW - rf "."v --- t l . pmw ' mmmmmmmfBnVJsBfB 'sae 4SP dr , The Wounded Flag. The wounded flags! They bear them Aleft to-day In pride The living ones, who share them Alike with those who aiea. The flags that faintly flutter la cadence with the drum. Aa though they sought to utter Their Joy that peace has come. I r The wounded flags! We hold them Far dearer than the rest: Close to our hearts we fold them The flags by tatters blest; The flags with shotboles gapln;, That tell their tale of strife, ;. To-day are gently draping " The ones who cling to life. The wounded flags! How proudly They fluttered in the days When drums were thrumming loudly And flfes sang warring lays! How brave was all their glowing Where fierce the war-guns spoke! llieir stars forever showing. A beacon through the smoke! The wounded flags! We hail them. And revel in each hue. Though age and time may pale them, And red blend into blue. Though all grow dark and duller, - Yet in their every part We see the living color That thrills the nation's heart! W. D. Kesbit in Baltimore American. Thoughts on Going Into Battle. A Los Angeles subscriber contrib utes the following: Some old "war horses" got together ia the lobby of one of Los Angeles' hotels a few evenings ago and ex changed experiences and spun yarns of the war of the rebellion. Among other things they discussed their sen sations on the occasion of their first battle. Said one: "As we were going into action, and I saw across the fields great columns of gray advancing to meet us, I kept wondering if over there in those ranks some 'Johnnie had in his gun the bul let meant for me." Said the second man: "A little ahead of men was our color bearer, ami aa we marched on the enemy I kept say eyes fastened on the flag, and I thought to myself, 'If I die, It win be for the dear old Stars and Stripes." The third man spoke: "Our regi ment was mostly made up of city chaps, and, take us as a whole, we were a pretty good-for-nothing lot. We had been attracted to the service by a lore of adventure and in a measure tempted by liberal bounties. As a rale our lives, up to the time of our enlistment, has been spent in idleness or worse. In our account of the world the credit side was mostly blank. Later In the war we were patriotic enough, and many of us would have stayed on Indefinitely in the service for pure love of country and hatred of her enemies, but at the time of our first battle we had little of that spirit ia our regiment Our captain pretty thoroughly understood the situation, and before we started in for the fight he made a little address for the pur pose of awakening enthusiasm on our "part and reassuring us as much as possible. He closed his address by telling us to be brave. 'Don't be . afraid, boys,' he said. 'Remember that for every man hit his weight in lead has been fired at him.' Then he gave the order to move on the enemy. We had to advance across an open field, under the guns of the enemy, and I remember thinking, as the boys began dropping pretty tolerably fast about me: 'What an expensive way to get rid of a lot of cheap cusses like us.' That's all I thought of till about two weeks later, when I woke up to hear the hospital surgeon say: 'Guess this fellow's going to make a fetch of it, after all." A Famous Civil War Seng. "Listen to the Mocking Bird" was familiar to nearly every man. woman and child in this country a score of years ago, and yet it is doubtful if one in many thousands ever stopped to wonder who was the composer. He was Septimus Winner, and his death In Philadelphia at the age of 75 brought to many the first information as to his having written the familiar song. The publishers are said to have realized $3,000,000 on the sales of "Listen to the Mocking Bird," and yet all that Winner ever received for it was $35. Another song of his that became popular during the war of the . rehellon was "Give Us Back Our Old Commander." Of this song the Phila delphia Times says: "Fifty thousand copies were quickly sold ia Washington, and a few days afterward 100.000 soldiers sang the song while marching along the Rap pahannock on their way to Fredericks burg, where disastrous defeat over took them. 'Give Us Back Our Old Commander' could be heard at night from oae end of the Union lines to the other, and at Chanceliorsville, where .Hooker displayed his inability to cone successfully with Lee, it was sung with renewed vigor. "But at this point the commotion created by the song reached a climax when the war department issued an order suppressing its sale and pro hibiting the singing of It The gov ernment however, did not stop at this, for Julia Mortimer, one of the greatest of American singers, who was then filling an engagement at Ford's theater, was informed' that imprison ment awaited her if she persisted in making the objectionable song a part of her role. Actors in Baltimore were enjoined by the government from sing lag it ia the theaters. ' "About this time an agent of the government waited on Mr. Winner, who conducted a music store at Death and Spring Garden streets, and Informed aim that further publication of the song would not be tolerated by the government and a refusal to com ply with the demand means imprison ment in Fort Lafayette. No addi tional copies of 'Give Us Back Our Old Commander' were placed on the market" Deserters from the Army. "I have often wondered," said the colonel, "what became of the deserters from the Union army. We had sev eral fa oar regiment that were not ap preheuded daring the war, and I have never met or heard of oue of them ataee the close of the war. I have heard ef oae man who left our regi ment and enlisted in another, and of who mysteriously dlsan- at ox oownngnt deserters, not "Net Including drafted men who Jailed to report and not including the left we ranks after Lee's , there were 112,000 desert- tbe TJaHm army, and Gen. reported fully as many in ISM the Confederate army. la- -were afTered to deserters anay.oa both aides. time to return Crm tto fmpatac Mi thw Cssdiitrato HrpMn at cm Union deserters Utattgn 'their lines on promise that they would remain at home during the war. But I never met a man, or heard of one, who had returned to his home in that way. Hundreds of men who had seen service in the Confederate regiments came to our lines in Kentucky and East Tennessee, and many of them entered eagerly into Union regiments, A few Union soldiers taken prisoners probably enlisted in Confederate regi ments, but the mass of deserters from the Union army were not thai Rind of men. They left the Union service be cause of their dislike for discipline or for military duty, and so far as their comrades were concerned or their friends at home, they dropped out of life. Now, what became of them? Where did those hundred thousand de serters go? What sort of a life did they live afterward?" Chicago Inter Ocean. All's Quiet Along the Potomac The director of the Department of History has discovered a very inter esting diary among the war records of the state of Mississippi, kept by William H. Hill, clerk in the quarter master's department of the Thirteenth Mississippi regiment Under date of Fredericksburg, Va., March 7, 1863, occurs this entry: "The following lines were composed by Lamar Fontaine of Pontotoc county. Miss., when a private in the Eighteenth Mississippi regiment Barksdale's brigade, while on picket duty on the Potomac river, near Lees burg, Va., in the fall of 1861. He was several times wounded in the Valley of Virginia in the year 1862 under Gen. Stonewall Jackson and has been discharged from the service." Then follows the lines which proved to be the well known "All's Quiet Along the Potomac To-night" This little entry in the military diary shows that if Major Fontaine laid claim to the production of some one else in the shape of this poem, as is generally received among liter ary folk, he did it very early in action. He has maintained his title to the authorship up to the present time, and his claim has caused numerous controversies as to its authenticity. Memphis (Tenn.) Commercial-Appeal Remembered the Dog. Pension Commissioner Ware was sitting in his office at Washington one day when a brigadier general of the regular army was ushered in. "This Mr. Ware?.' he asked. "I'm that same." replied Ware. "What can I do for you?" "I don't suppose you remember me, do you?" was the reply. "Well, I don't know that I do," said Ware, taking a side look at the man again, and then, under suduen inspir ation, but with a slow drawl, "but I would like to know what the devil you've done with that dog?" The stranger was astonished, but laughed heartily, and the two had a long chat It seems that during the civil war the two had been slightly acquainted, the stranger being a mem ber of the First Iowa. He was known as a reckless fellow, wholly superior to the little niceties of toilet and bath. He owner a bull dog named Ma jor that was the pet of the company. After a meal the soldier would toss his plate aside and call Major to wash the dishes. And Major would lick the platter clean. And it was this recruit of the days of '61 that walked into Ware's office in the stiff, precise garb of the briga dier general of the regulars. Ware did not remember him at first, but suddenly wa5 struck by something familiar about the fellow, and, al though he could not remember his name, did remember the dog. Iola Register. Monuments at Mission Ridge. The commission to erect a monu ment to Ohio soldiers at Mission Ridge has three sites In view, any of which are within the limits of the glory achieved by the Buckeye boys in that battle. The first is just south of Bragg's headquarters, or south of the center of the right and left flanks of the as saulting columns. The second site is 500 feet south of Bird's Springs road, where Hazen's brigade assaulted the Confederate lines. The brigade was composed of the First, Sixth, Ninth, Ninety-third and One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Ohio regiments and as saulted Slocum's Louisiana battery at that point The fortification occupied by the battery and the earthworks used by the Confederate infantry are still in good preservation, and the national commission has promised, if the mon ument is located there, to restore the works to their original condition and to place the battery in position. The third site is south of De Long's point, where Turchin's brigade is said to have charged. The second men tioned site is said to have the prefer ence of the commission, although no official action has been taken. Last of the Merrimac Crew. In a village of barely fifty people, down in Beaufort county, says the Raleigh (N. C.) Observer, lives Wil liam R. Tetterton, the last survivor of the crew of the famous Confederate states warship Merrimac, formerly the old Virginia. He is sixty-seven years old, and Is in many ways the same old unreconstructed rebel that he was In the days from '61 to '65. In Richmond, Lieut Woods had a re cruiting station, and he was signing men for service on the Merrimac. The idea of a naval life appealed to young Tetterton, and he enlisted for ser vice. The war vessel had not as yet been out on any expeditions, and the new recruit found himself one of the first among a rather scanty crew. He served on the boat from the first day she' went into service until the order came from the secretary of the Con federate states navy to put her out of commission. He Shot Gen. Reynold. Leander T. Hecsel of Quarryville, Penn., while on a recent visit to North' Carolina, met Benjamin C. Thorpe, a Confederate veteran, who says he' Is' the sharpshooter who killed Gen. John' F. Reynolds, the hero of Gettysburg. Thorpe was a member of the Fifty fifth North Carolina regiment On the first day of the fight the Confeder-' ate sharpshooters were stationed near Cashtown. "1 was on a cherry tree when the general was pointed out to' me," said Thorpe, "and after fixing my sight at $00 yards I. fired. I saw" him fall lata the anas of "a companion. 1 That eveaknc I was told I had kin Reynolds." Melting. Molting period generally lasts from July to December! The . old faded feathers become deficient in the nitro genous and mineral matter that com atose them and art cast oft' The eadltlng season may be shorten- ed so as to 'cover a period ti but six I to ten weeks. To do this and to bring about an early nwrtt breed from those pullets, W hens rather, which molt the earliest and most rapidly and which prove your earliest winter layers. During the molting season give the fowls the following care: Feed sys tematically and scientifically. Provide plenty of good drinking water, given fresh twice a day, in a drinking vessel that is kept clean and In the shade, if fowls are confined give plenty of shade and scratching material in a cool, airy place. Provide plenty of good grit And ground oyster shells, if they have no grass run provide clover meal for mivlng III the morning mash. Provide plenty of road dust and see that the hens use it Be sure and keep down the lice. Provide charcoal. Keep the hens healthy and condition pow ders are not necessary, but use them twice a week if the hens show the need of it Feed a variety and only all that they will eat up clean. For a morning feed take one quart of coarse corn meal, one pint of good beef meal, oae quart of wheat brad and one quart of white middlings and one quart of ground oats; mix thor oughly. Take one quart of clover meal whfcrh has been scalded the evening before by enough boiling water to wet the whole and left to steam and stir the clover and clover tea into the mash until It is thoroughly mixed and feed to your flock. Increase or diminish this amount of feed according to the size of the flock. In this mash every other morning stir in while dry one tablespoon of sulphur to every twenty-five hens. Stir in charcoal every other morning. Every other morning omit the quart of middlings and substitute oil meal one quart The oil meal and the sulphur will aid in hastening the molt and are needed in the composition of the new feathers. In the evening feed whole grain, oats and barley, which are flesh and bone forming; rotate this with corn and wheat Use charcoal as a corrective for bowel trouble and as a preventive of indigestion. Use linseed meal to loosen the feathers. As feathers contain lime, sulphur, oil and nitrogen, clover meal and beef meal or a run in a clover field among the grasshoppers is a necessity to produce rich, brilliant-colored feath ers. Pea meal and sunflower seed are rich in nitrogen. Corn helps to hasten the molt; wheat is rich in nitrogen. An all round ration is necessary to produce healthy birds, and only healthy, vig orous birds on plenty of fodd rich in nitrogen, as beef meal, corn meal, clover meal, sunflower seed and lin seed meal, can product glossy, rich colored plumage. W. E. Dean, in American Poultry Journal. Popularity of Incubators. The great increase in the use of incubators is a matter worthy of spe cial note. Poultrymen generally are realizing the advantage of using incu bators found that thousands of fan ciers have adopted the incubator as a more satisfactory hatcher than the hen. They are made in different sizes and capacities to fill the needs of both the large and the small breed er. An immense amount of time and thought has been devoted to incu bator construction and wonderful strides toward perfection have been made during the past few years. Man ufacturers have such confidence in their machines that they are willing and anxious to sell them on trial and risk the machine and the chances of a sale in the hands of amateurs who never before saw an incubator. The result is that thousands of them are being sold and the business this sea son bids fair to figure up to an al most incredible amount Tho old prejudice against incubators is fast disappearing as a result of improved machines and the unqualified suc cess of breeders with them. Nothing counts like facts before one's eyes, and in the case of the incubator the evidence of this character is over whelming. Incubator chicks proper ly raised will make just as hardy, vigorous, healthy fowls as will those hatched under hens, and it is a com mon thing to see them win the best prizes in the show room. The fact of the matter is that a poultryman who pretends to do any business at all cannot afford to ignore the incubator and brooder. They aro practically necessities if we wish to get the most from our work. It is well to bear in mind that while old methods are good ones, the world moves and progress is the watchword all along the line. Twentieth century methods count in the poultry business the same as they do in other lines of trade, and it is best to keep up with the-procession. Destroying Red Mites. Clean thoroughly the roosts, 'nest boxes and other wood work where these pests accumulate, then paint with coaloil, using an old paint brush to apply it with. Do this before and after the hatching season. Put new dirt on the floor and fill up the holes which the fowls have scratched. Do this each fall and you will soon get rid of mites. After you place a suf ficient amount of dirt on the floor, level it and tamp it with a wooden maul. This will make a better floor. Fowls Need the Open Air. Fowls should not be forced to ex posure in cold winter weather, neither should they be closely confined in over-heated houses. There is a prop er medium and ideal condition be tween compelling them to roost in the trees and keeping them all the tune In warmed houses. They need a cer tain amount of liberty in the open air. To Kill Morning Glory Vines. From the Fanners' Review: In hut week's Review I saw the question asked: "How can I kill the morning glory vines?" I wish to contribute three ways in which they have been killed In my own neighborhood: To Trill the morning glory vine: First, by plowing deep in August; second, by patting the ground 'in broom corn three successive years; third, a herd of good hungry swine will clear a piece of ground of the morrlng glory vine quicker than any thing else, as they will dig and eat every root a foot or more in the ground. Cans. E. Freeman, Cham paiga County. Illinois. 'KJLTwvBI AKSdsmBdV amdaa. I asmTsr mBr a"P'iPB wsl -JsSaw "jSmaSmSmSjdjVy4J bS. ?HH WjHESf It ml ST 'LIB BSr PH ffasB9 "STflSsSaw lTsnsUfl Th.TKoroV talking of Caws, ' The importance of thoroughly and efoctually milking cows so as to re move every drop of milk from the jkd der during the milking process ia fre quently overlooked J&T jnqt fully jsnLer-stood-. . Oftisslon to do this not only VeYy obviously causes a reduction la the quantity of milk obtained, but what is not so generally recognized, it results in the production of milk of a poorer quality .than would be the case if the adder were thoroughly stripped and relieved of its last drop of milk The result of numerous milking experiments in regard to this question are available Id. show that thh milk, as taken from the cow, le not of an average composition that is to say, that the first drawn milk v abnormally poor in, fat content; whilst the quality of the milk Im proves hs the process of milking con tinues, the last drawn milk being richest in butter fat containing a much higher percentage than a sam ple of normal milk. Whereas the first drawn milk may have as low a fat percentage as 1.2 or 1.5, the last pint withdrawn from the cow any contain as much as 6 or 7 per cent of fat It is evident from this that unless the strippihgs up to the last drop are Included in the milk, the latter will contain less butter fat than it should do, if the milking operations were sat isfactorily carried but To the' dairy farmer who produces butter, this means a decreased butter yield, but this point is also bt great importance to milk dealers. Although In average dairy herds in this country the mixed milk of the whole herd comes up to a fair standakrd, yet the thorough milk ing of the cows so as to include the last drop in the udder is a safeguard to some extent against the quality of the milk falling below standard re quirements. Apart from the reduction of the yield and the quality of the milk by incompletely milking the cows, this slovenly practice in the case of helf ers and young cows, whose milk se cretlon has as yet not reached its maximum limit involves a deteriora tion of their milk yielding qualities, or at any rate prevents a full develop ment of the latter in succeeding lac tation periods. Although the milk yielding capacity is primarily an in herited quality, yet to some extent it depends on other factors, one of which is the stimulation of the ud der by meats of the milking process. The greater the stimulation is, the more beneficially will the develop ment of the milk organs be influ enced. Hence thorough and complete milking of heifers and young cows is especially to be desired as tending to improve their mild-yielding qualities; whilst if the milking process Is car ried out in a careless and perfunctory manner, the opposite effect results Jn that it deteriorates the milk-yielding qualities to a certain extent This question receives a great deal of at tention by some of the dairymen in different countries. I have known of some instances where the operation of milking was continued in the case of heifers and young cows,, especially the former, in their first lactation period for some time after all tho milk has been drawn, solely with the view of stimulating the udder. With a view of developing the milking qual ities and to increase the milk yield in future lactation periods, it is further desirable to prolong the first few lactation period of a young cow as much as possible, within reason able limits, of course, and not to al low them to dry off too soon; as this has an adverse effect on the quan tity of the future milk yields in suc ceeding lactation periods. This ap plies only to dairy cattle of course. Hoard's Dairyman. Warm Water for Cows. The Germans have been trying the effect of warm water on milk produc tion. They found that while the cows drank on an average 73 pounds of warm water per day, they drank but G3 pounds of cold water. The cows that had the warm water consumed three-quarters of a pound of food more daily, but there was a smaller quantity of dry food required for each quart of milk. The increase in water drank was accompanied by an increase of water in the milk, with no increase of total solids. Here is a good opportunity to speculate on increased metabolism and assimilation of food owing to the warm water, but in such cases it is better to let the cows do the talking, there is less of having to revise theories, but there is not much doubt that on the whole cold water does not assist in butter or milk production. Corn Meal vs. a Balanced Ration. The Maryland Experiment Station went into an extended experiment to know the comparative effect of feed ing corn meal or a balanced ration to cows. It was found that on the bal anced ration the cows keep more healthy, in much better breeding con dition, give more milk and are in much better condition for the next year's work. The effect of the corn meal ration was the same on all the cows, differ ing only in degree. With one cow, corn meal caused her to dry off, re maining so for three months before calving. This leads us to wonder if much of the shy breeding often com plained of may not be due to the feeding of an unbalanced ration. - The Rhodes Scholarships. Dr. George Parkin, the commission er charged with the awarding of the Cecil Rhodes' scholarships in the United States and the colonies. Is aow in New York. Two hundred Oxford scholarships will be at his disposal, and he has but recently returned from a conference with the University au thorities. Considerable curiosity is ex pressed as to the probable demand for these scholarships and the class of men who will apply. They cannot be ased until the fall of 1904. Each scholarship carries with It $1,500 for tares yean. Utilizing 8Ulc Scraps Save your scraps of silk aad when you have an idle moment eat them late strips and Join together, bleadiag the colors as you see fit, and wiad iato balls, like old-faahlonad carpet rags. When enough have accumulated they may be knit or crocheted into curtains or rags or may be shirred aad then sewed onto a fouadatioa to servo as rug. table cover, spread or aay ether use to which you choose to apply them. A straight line is shortest ia mor als sa well as in geometry. RobeL mdHBmadsUv smmmmmmVsmQBmmmi ar YamfBrBa (ApvssnjtvojBms sbwsssss& Orchard and Berry Notes. ,-. From the Farmers' Review: Here In Central Illinois apple trees are usually set SS to Si feet apart each way, two rods being thought the best distance apart Thar was a fair trod of Ap ples hare taw year, add fair winter ap plet are seillag at 50 to 75 cents per rmfchet wholesale, whea hauled in by 'armers. Small fruits are often set imong apple trees and usually, with advantage to both kwds of fruits. When starting fruit growing over welve years did", I set all my berries unong the trees, running ill rows aorta and Math and parallel to the tree rows. These berry plats ill did well, and raspDerries, currants aad gooseberries seemed to be better for some shade. The finest currants and zooseberrtes I ever saw were grown ia the partial shade of an apple and peach orchard, where the -apples aad peaches were -planted together, the peaches to ha cut out when room was ueeded by the Apple trees. These trees and berries have been planted ten rears and are still in fine shape. The peached and berries have been' much more profitable thin the apples, the Tatter not naving amounted to any thing as yet But with twelve years' experience I would hot again set berry plants Cexcept perhaps strawberries) among peach or plum, cherry or quince trees; these coming tn'tb bear ing so soon that the berries are in the way before bearing many 'crops. Be fore most berry plants are in full bear ing the trees mentioned need all the room. Among apple trees I would still set all kinds of berries, setting the first berry row eight feet from a row of trees, the rows running north and 3outh. In regard to the apple orchard writ tea of ia the Fanners' Review that was eatirely killed by being plowed and cultivated in August, I have no personal knowledge, but the trees must have been rather old and have made practically no growth till that year. Thea a good working of the soil caused every bud to start, making the whole tree tender and easily kill ed by zero weather. Perhaps the growth was hastened and kept up late by a fall like the present one. To day, the 16th of November, I gathered out of doors, roses, galiardias, chrys anthemums and quite a bunch of orna mental bean blossoms. Peaeh buds here are thought to be in very poor condition to stand the winter, and it Is likely there will be no peaches, in Central Illinois next year unless the winter proves to be a very mild one. Frank Alkin, Macon County, Illinois. Low Headed Fruit Trees. From Farmers' Review: In reply to your request for an expression of our opinion concerning the low-heading of trees, we will say that we practice this In our own orchard at Lilly and be lieve in it In our orchard we lost only about ten trees by the tornado in the spring, and these trees were in variably those that had been injured In other ways. Our orchards escaped almost entirely and doubtless we owe this escape, in part at least to the low-heading of our trees. The points mentioned by Senator Dunlap as ad vantageous in this method are certain ly well taken. In the heavy storm of a few weeks ago our pears still on the trees were so ripe that about 600 bush els were shaken down. But among the thousands of bushels this was not a large proportion. A small percent age of apples on our trees were shak en off; but these trees are too young to be in proper bearing yet, and can not be taken as a fair test of what would have happened had they been larger and loaded with fruit The thousands of peach trees in the or chard passed through the spring tor nado almost without injury, and prob ably the low heading of the trees had much to do with this. However, the heavy fringe of timber which sur rounds our orchards on every side must be given a full share of c-cdit Lilly Orchard Company, McLean county, I1L Testimony for Spraying. At a horticultural meeting an Illi nois fruit grower said: I had a little orchard of sixty trees that were ten years old, and we never had secured a plum from that :orchard. Every plu i rotted last year, and this year we sprayed three times with the Bor deaux mixture and Paris green, and we produced a good crop of plum's on the trees that we spraye', while on the trees that we did not spray the plums all rotted, juac the same as they had before; in fact,, we got so disgusted with them that we cut out most of those trees, and only saved abcut eight or ten trees to experiment on, and now we wish we had tliem back again. A Tree Album. If you do not know all the trees In your neighborhood in their winter as well as their summer dress, start a tree album with' pasteboard leaves, on which may be pasted the pressed leaves, blossoms and samples of bark and wood of trees. What Type of Hog to Breed. Swine breeding as a profession will become more and more of an exact science, and many of the methods of feeding and breeding which have here tofore yielded fairly good results must soon be discarded for better ones. There seems to be some differ ence of opinion as to just what the great American hog is. Some would have us believe that he is of a bacon type, but I am convinced that the bacon type of hogs for this section Is a long ways In the future: It is re markable to how near the same stand ard all the breeds' of hogs are work ing to-day. It would seem hardly probable that such a practically unan imous opinion as is evidenced by the ren are convinced that we are chas ing after false gods, and could make a great deal more money if we were careful to produce a little different type of hog and market it at 200 pounds weight They point to the fact that they get over $1 per hun dred weight more for hogs than we do, making allowance for the differ ence in freight rates, but I think the much talked of bacon demand would fade Into insignificance if it was sup plied at the rate of 200.000 hogs per week, of this type, going Into the Chicago market So I am convinced that our type and our methods as rec ognised by the most up-to-date breed ers are the proper oaes for the coun try i which we live, and that a thor ough study aad improvement of them will result, in the most profit and best sdvaacemeat of swine growing as a professioa. W. M. McFadden, before Iowa Swiae Breeder-. rsa-l BsksrJm rsM Vsmsrl MwfyifirBmitafr MSSBflwssmmmaTES. i r . . ... The Origin ef Clays. -r Prol.S R. Buckley ia, an address before the Wisconsin Clay Workers' Association tsald: . It may be Uttrettlag to yoa to.jiive me tell yon sbmethiag ia regard to the origia of days. I am very eertsda that maay of yoa are .familiar with this subejet bat it- will do no .hfrm for meot$fmak aa attempt, to place be fore you. In a -somewhat systematic manner the, origia of days.. In this connection I will say. that all clays, whether they .occur lions;, tlelak'e shdfe.alob some itwius 4ael yonder in central Wisconsin,, la. the vicinltjr of Ean Claire la the form of shales, or at Stockbridge aad Oakfieid in the form of shales, no matter where they occur, they are the result of the breaking dowa, the decomposition of igneous rocks, rocks which have been formed from molten material, sblidl fled within or at the surface fit the earth. It Is supposed that aU the ear liest rocks formed were of igaebas origin. We have two classes of rocks; the igneous and the sedlmeatary rocks., The : sedimentary rocks have been. derived from the lgaeoas rocks largely, through the mechaaicjal break ing down of the later rocks, lad thai the sedimentary rocks; sandstone, limestone and slate r which covers a large portion of Wlscoasla ire.oftea spoken of as secondary; simply meaav tag by the term secondary that they have been derived from some .other rock. If this should be carried still farther it might be said that the days are sometimes tetiary rocks. They may be either tertiary or depeadlag upon whether or not they have beea derived directly from the igneous rocks. If they have beea derived directly from the Igneous rocks they will be secondary, and If they havd been derived by the breaking down of the sedimentary rocks they may be known as tertiary In this connec tion I speak of the clays is rocks from the fact that scientifically any accum ulation of mineral matter, whether solidified or not, comes in under the head of the term rock, that is, the scientific application of the term rock. Clays may be conveniently divided into two classes known as-residual and transported. A residual day is one that results from the decomposi tion of a rock in place. Take for ex ample a thousand acres of land in the northern part of Wisconsin, covered with naked rocks, and let it be sub jected to the atmospheric agencies for an indefinite term of years aad you will have the rocks brokea dowa Into a loose earthy mass. The rain water seeps into the rock and the breaking down of that rock simply means that certain constituent ele ments are separated from the miner als which compose that rock and are carried oft by the underground water. That part of the rock which remains Is known as a residual clay, provided the rock originally contains the clay constituent. In a great many cases the small par ticles that have been broken from the different rocks which cover the sur face of the earth are picked up by the water which flows off from the surface and carried into the streams and by them into the oceans, lakes or flood plains of tho streams, and there deposited. These particles are sorted out according to their size and specific gravity, particles of like size and the same specific gravity being accumulated in one place. Farmers' Review. Gestation of Sheep. Bulletin 95, of the Wisconsin Sta tion, says: At the Experiment Station our service rams are kept separate from the flock during the breeding season and only turned with the ewes for a short time each day, during which, the shepherd or an assistant is on hand to note which ewes are in heat and which ones breed, conse r. ently we have no difficulty in keep ing an accurate record of the time of service of each ewe. Of 524 ewes that have been bred and dropped their lambs, the period of. gestation has ranged from 140 to 156 days, and the greatest number, 113 ewes, or 21.6 per cent, dropped their lambs on the 146th day after service; the next greatest number, 81 ewes, or 15.5 per cent dropped their Iambs 147 days after be ing bred and 404 ewes or 77.1 per cent dropped their Iambs between the 144th and 150th days after service. Only two ewes carried their young for more than 154 days, one yeaning 155 and the other 156 days after taking the ram, while only one ewe yeaned as early as 140 days after service. All three of these ewes gave girth to dead lambs, which would at least suggest that these extreme periods were abnormal. From the data here given, representing as it does the various breeds of sheep, we feel quite justified In stating that the extreme range of the normal period of gestation in breeding ewes is thirteen days beginning at 142 and extending to 154 days after service. We may also, safely conclude that the greatest number of ewes may be expected to drop their lambs at least six days earlier 'than was found by Tessler to be the case with breeding ewes in France. This difference may be accounted for. In part, at least, by the peculiar characteristics of the va rious breeds. Of the 32 pure-bred Southdown ewes 20 or 62.8 per cent carried their Iambs less than 147 days and of the 8 pure-bred Merinos 6, or 75 per cent, carried their lambs over this period, while the Shropshire grades and the various crosses of Shropshires vlth Dorsets and Merinos occupy a middle position between the two above mentioned breeds. From this it would seem that the more compact and quick maturing the breed, the shorter the period of gestation, and vice versa. Since the Merinos are much longer in reaching their matur ity in breeding as well as in growth and general development than either the Southdown or the Shropshire we might reasonably expect them to carry their young a longer time. This conclusion would serve to explain the longer period of gestation noted In France since practically all of the sheep of that country are of the Merino type. Farmers' Review. Farmers will do well to give the question of fuel for the future some consideration. The wood lot should be carefully looked after. Now Is a good time to take stock of what Is on the farm and the cost and profits of operating during the past season. The man who wears a small hat gen erally has a big opinion of himself. NEBRASKA tltSttMMMJlMllMlMMlMtiiUt n v SENATOR MILLARD AT HOME. !"" at"".. nMMrnt rfcsll WefJsWIIwJpsjII m fjiMiptw it Weeks. V I . Senator Millard has returned from Washington aad will remaik, ti Om: ja two .weeko baeiaese: , $k$ seaV ator is looking well after, his alight Indisposition at the capital and will be busy during his stay ia the dty. "Matters will be quiet at Wasabir toa for two weeks," ! V. "had as ! nad pressing business ia Omaha I concluded to come here during. M hol iday vacation." There will be. little doae after the recess, aayway. ia my opinion. I confidently look for the adoption of the reciprocity treaty with Cuba. It appears to me that Senators Elkins aad Babcock aad the rest of as who were called 'insurgents' are" idy id withdraw opposition; aUeasjL I ami We find that the people of the country are with the presldeat,t.and we .will give the people whai they ,.! understand that there is practically no change,between the treaty propos ed last year and the one now tip for consideration'. ., . "The general appropriation bill will be passed, and it is possible that a, bill authorizing the leasing of public .land will be passed. The bill has not been introduced, but I understand. ii wili be immediately after the holidays by Mr. Lacey. "There is really nothing being done by the department in the matter o! the fencing of the public una. There Is a lot of newspaper talk; teit netfe ing in the way of rehiovtng the feneds can be done .with the present condi tion of weathen But the only things reasonably certain in the way Of legis lation are the Cuban treaty and the general appropriation bill' UNITED AFTER MANY YEARS R. a Backus Find Daughter After Ling Scparatied PLATTSMOUTH There is coaaect ed with the life of Mrs. Agnes Lieber shal, formerly Miss Agttei Backud of this city, a story which reads like le lion. Mrs. Lieberthal's mother died six months after the former Was born, and her father, R. 0. Backus, after placing his child in the keeping of Mr. and Mrs. Dennis McCarthy of taw dty, drifted out into the World to Seek his fortune, and net frost that day Until recently did he hear anything directly from his daughten Then he recived a letter from her addressed to Cincinnati, O. He lm meditely answered it expressing his great pleasure at hearing from her and stating that he had written many let ters to relatives and others la Platts mouth inquiring about her, but for some unknown cause these letters were unanswered and he had beea kept in Ignorance as to whether or not the child was still alive Mr. Backus arrived the day before Christmas and is spending the holi days with his 'daughter. He is a rep resentative of the Cincinnati Times Star and from general appearance is a Very happy man. His daughter was married about six months ago to An tone Liebershal, a clgarmaker. NEBRASKA CATTLE ALL RIGHT. State Official Makes Investigation and Reports Favorably. LINCOLN. State Veterinarian Thomas, who has just returned from Scotts Bluff county, reports that after a critical examination into the condi tions prevailing in the western end of the state he finds the cattle industry in excellent condition. This tends to relieve the alarm that has been cre ated by the reports sent out to the press concerning the condition of the ranges in Wyoming and Colorado. The snow Injures the grass for forage pur poses to a certain extent, but the Ne braska ranchmen are awakening to the need for exercise of more foresight and less dependence on providence to safe guard their herds and keep them through the winter. He saw much stacked hay that had been put up in preparation for the winter. He did not see any herds that appeared to be suffering from the stress of the weath er and heard no stories of distress among the ranchmen on the Nebraska side of the line. Pardon for Argabright Governor Savage has pardoned J. W. Argabright or South Omaha, who began serving a life sentence for mur der January 8, 1895. He shot and killed his father-in-law, William Smelser, in Howe, Nemaha county, February 9, 1894. He was first con victed and sentenced to ten years in the penitentiary for manslaughter. The case was three time3 taken to the supreme court and Argabright was twice sentenced to the peniten tiary for life for murder in the first degree. Man with Money Missing. J. M. Johnson, who disappeared from Fails City, Neb., several weeks ago with $6,000 in. his possession, is be lieved .to.be either in hiding in St Jo seph, Ma, or to have been killed. Johnson drew the money from the bank and was traced to St Joseph. Mrs. Fannie Johnson, wife of the miss ing man, followed him there, but lost all trace of him. She has learned that be did not deposit the money In a bank or buy a draff. Detectives have been employed to search for Vacation Heme for Women. Spencer Traak of New Tors: aad George Foster Peabody of Brooklyn, have a force of workmen employed ia remodeling Crosbyside, a hotel oa lake George, where they will establish a vacation home for the young wo men toilers of New York city. Will Booker-T. Washington has purchas ed a aumbar of laajsra goats, to ha added to his breeding farm stock at (he Taskefee lastitate. Ml IN Johasosu Ko, cause for hie dmsppear aace ia known. HASTINGS Barney Pierson, a cow hoy jrho i welj krwwa .thrtmghoit the western part of Nebraska . aad Vi t fcl eastera Cokwado, .was badly injured by having a hroacho fall oa aim. He was ridlag a wild aad bucking bron cho whea the animal fell aad crashed him to the earth. Far nearly five min utes fi$heta ihe haunch, 8flh5 horse .Off his chest with his lefj haad anil .Ue. prevented the imlmsJ froa crushing .in his chest. Whea he was anally released from his dangerous po sition it was found that the blood ves sels of his right leg had beea badly ruptured aad he was otherwise injur ed: TOLD IN A LINE: The annual meeting of the state bar assoclatioa wiRkbe held in Omaha January 8 and 9. The .state, bank at Surprise, was en tered Tuesday nighty the safe blown open aad $2,200 stolen. Mrs! Bernard Oolan, an elderly Lin cbla woman; was found in the ice bt Salt creek, frbzea to death: Captaia A: H: Hardy of Hyannis. the celebrated wing shot, is in Omaha under treatment for the appendicitis. The York Ice company has gained a monopoly on the ice business in York by buying tip its only cempet it8n JOhii fcotte, a well-to-do Kimball county ranchman, is believed to hdv'd perished in the recent storm. He left wife.. Walter Wood, Arrested for Assault upoa Dora Porter, a 14-year-old Aids worth girl, has been sentenced by Judge Westover to three years la the penlteatlAry. W; A- Richards, who is stated f6r the posltioa of commissioner of the general land Office", worked when a young man la aa Omaha lumber yard. He Was later. governor Of Wybnling: Adams cotinty has paid of 2,000 of the bonds held by the state, leav ing $100,000 in bonds still In th4 hands of the state treasurer, Another block will soon be taken tip. The papers ia Mexico City all com ment on the arrival of W. 3. Bryan, but it is Understood that his visit IA merely one Of pleasure and recreation, he being accompanied by. his family. Dorre Howard, an 18-year-old Oma ha boy, attempted suicide because of obstacles which made it impossible for Wiihelmiaa Sadler, a girl of hi3 own age, to marry him. The boy Will re cover. The foot ball warriors at the stata university have their schedule for nest fall about completed. The big gam of the season will be played in Lincoln Thanksgiving day with the university of Illinois. Fire damaged the Union P&clf c ho tel at Sidney to the amount of $1,000 It started in the servants' quarter.! and capable work on the part of the local firemen alone saved the building from total destruction. Moses Hamm. 69 xears old, for many years editor bi the' DtibUqM Herald, a national democratic cdm mitteeman from 1872 to 1888, once a state senator and postmaster during Cleveland's administration, is dead. It is authoritatively stated that Governor Mickey will make no ap pointments to the positions of adju tant general of the Nebraska National guard and state oil inspector until next spring. Several candidates are making a lively scramble far thd positions'. Charles S. Young, formerly assist ant general advertising- agent of the Burlington, has been appointed gen eral advertising agent of the Mil waukee with headquarters in Chicago. Mr. Young was formerly a reporter in Omaha. His advancement in the railway world has been rapid. H. J. Evans of Hartley has tendered his resignation as assistant state dairy commissioner. He has held the posi tion for fourteen months and his res ignation is prompted by the fact he is about to enter into the creamery bus iness. Mr. Evans is ranked as one of the leading buttermakers of the state. Two unusual marriages occurred at A! ns worth Christmas week. The con tracting parties in one were Levi Lind quist and Miss Grace Hagerman, the groom weighing a little over 100 pounds, while the bride weighs 320 pounds. In the second marriage Ca leb Hiveley, aged 72 years, was united in marriage to Mrs. Anna, E. Sopher, aged 67 years. An interesting suit will soon be' started in Lancaster county, wherein the county commissioners will seek tc compel County Judge Waters to pay into the county treasury fees which he has collected for performing marriagf ceremonies. Judge Waters insists that he is just 03 much entitled to the feef for performing the marriage ceremony as are the ministers of the gospel whe perform them. J. H. Hadkinscn of Omaha has beer appointed head gardener for the de partment of horticulture ia connectior with the world's fair. Mr. Hadkinsos is a native of England and studied gardening in that country. He bad charge of the gardening at toe Omaha exposition and of Nebraska's horticul tural exhibit at the Pan-American. For two years he was secretary of the State Horticultural society of Ne braska. Money Centers ef Two Cities.. The money center of London is the "city." which is tho heart of EngT lead's capital. Ia its square mile oi territory is great store of wealth. It populatioa during hours of bushiest is -more than a million. During the night the number of its residents is insignificant. The money center oi New York is the Wall street district It is of much smaller area thaa Lou- dea's "city." but it posssssss , the same characteristics, crowded j -day aad almost empty ay Bight GENERAL - '--i V w 7$ - v- & r . -. "6 - l&&k&&A 5v;Jjfrjr: .vT'AJg.. :
