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About The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 17, 1902)
SSf8 yp K-TR.; ""JSE1- "". T - jrCW 1 yQi rr3nPVBiBiZA.t:- ri'N?sHrwUi.BMiBiPrcJwUvniHa'.pBinnr7TV' -L--ssviBisBmus"Kf-v . v:' vv:. t-to - Bri'lrtr.fE. ll i . i Jj ryifC j t v.?',Lrr' "aussssWsa.'-js.iijsnM, J.jiu-A"- - w?v--, 1777:.' s2 ri-tr"jT,i3irr?rT - irfi ..: : 'v ,f. v-vVs -- 1 - j-.r ec-vv- - m fKWt? --oirss4v -?,-, . V " " J -i-? . - -. -r- ?-vz - - V --r ,5 . or. " .Qe;--. - r - w-jTi. . Vki ill' - " I - i-t r-' . 5 rWVW AGRICULTURE NEBRASKA IN GENERAL f 4 Jf l-i i I-! r V Wgm&i Elates wWS AP&l lMA C It I'l . J 1 ' X A II' fl- !' M r- S s L VI t N i& in I ST I: Ptf 8E Love Triumphant. Jclen's lips are drifting dust: fllon Is consumed with rust; K the galleons of Greece Drink the ocean's dreamier acvj Lost was Solomon's purple show Restless centuries ago; Empires died and left no stain Babylon. Barbary and Spain Only one thing, undefaced, .Lasts, though all the worlds He waste. And the heavens are overturned. Dear, how long ago we learned! There's a slpht that Winds the sun. Sound that lives when sounds are done. Music that rebukes the birds. Language lovelier than words. Hue and sccr.i that shame the rose. Wine no earily vineyard knows. Ocean more divinely free Than Pacific's dralnless sea. Silence stiller than the shore. Swept by Charon's stealthy oar Ye who love have learn't It true. Dear, how long ago we knew! Frederick Lawrence Knowles. In Har per's Magazine. Anecdote of Gen. Sigel. A New York newspaper writer, who was an intimate friend of Gen. Franz Sfgcl, lately deceased, tells an anec dote which illustrates that little war rior's pugnacity and daring, says the Washington Post. "Broadway knew Slgel fairly well," says this scribe, "and Park Row knew him better. Many a newspaper man has stood for hours leaning against the soiled rail of the very much soiled bar at the saloon near the bridge while Slgel sipped his beer and told his stories. So frail was he that the stronger men In the party would form a sort of cordon about him, that the rough workingmen, constantly crowd ing into the place would not knock the tiny old soldier off his feet They did not know him, and would not have eared, anyway, perhaps. What was a hero of the German revolution and a general of the civil war, that he should stand in the way of a thirsty artisan in search of his beer? "But the martial spirit was in Sigel to the very last, I fancy. It was there three years ago certainly. I had met the general walking slowly up Broad way about dinner time, and suggested dining at a certain well known Ger man restaurant on Forty-second street, near Broadway. He was agreeable. During the meal he told a few just a few war reminiscences, in that de lightful dialect which lent to them a keen zest because jou must need hear every word to understand the narra tive. I chanced to recall that a re vival of 'Shenandoah' was being given at the- American theater, two blocks away. "Why not go?" I asked. "yes. he exclaimed, with enthusi asm, 'we will go.' "Had Branson Howard been present to have jfeen the laughter and tears, the anger, the joy of that little Ger man soldier as the story of love and war was unfolded it might have in spired him to another drama equally worthy. "As we were leaving the theater, the little general, bubbling over with en thusiasm, a big. raw-boned man, half intoxicated, said: " 'All that rot about Phil Sheridan! He was a poltroon! A coward!' "Sigel heard him and sprang imme diately forward. Shaking his fists in the big man's face, he shouted: " 'Oumkopf ! Schaafskopf ! Komm herans. Ich schlag dir den kopf ab!' "But the big man did not acept the Invitation! The fighting terrier of seventy-four years had cowed the St Bernard! "I rather guess that was Franz Sigel all through life!" Paroles Were Not Revoked. Daniel It. Goodloe, for many years a distinguished resident of' Washington, and chairman of the commission to free the slaves of the district, once told this story: "One morning soon after the sur render at Appomattox I was one of a group of gentlemen standing on Penn sylvania avenue, discussing the mo mentous questions of the day. As we talked Gen. Grant rode toward us. smoking his usual cigar. Recognizing several of us, he dismounted and joined us. " 'What's the news?' he asked. "I answered: 'We are discussing a piece of news which comes to us di rectly from the White House, and which gives me no little concern "'What is it?' asked the general. "! understand that President An drew Johnson intends to revoke the parole of Gen. Lee and other generals of the late Southern Confederacy.' "'Who was your informant?' asked Gen. Grant. "I gavo him the name of the gen tleman who had given the informa tion. "Gen. Grant quietly said. Thank you. gentlemen.' remounted his horse, and rode rapidly away toward the White House. "We leisurely turned our steps in the same direction, and as wo entered the portico we saw Grant coming down the steps looking more excited than I had ever seen him before. I went up stairs and met a friend who had been In conference that morning with Mr Johnson on the subject above men tioned. He said to me: If j-ou have any request to make of the President this morning, keep it until some other time. He is angrier than I have ever seen -him. A moment ago Gen. Grant strode into his presence and peremp torily demanded: "Do you intend to revoke the parole of Gen. Robert E. Lee and other officers of the late Con federacy?" I am considering the subject," Johnson replied. "You need not con sider iL Those paroles were signed by me as general commanding the ar my of the United States. My promise to them shall be kept in good faith if it takes the army of the United States, plus the army of the late Confederacy, to enforce it" "'Saying this. Grant retired and left Johnson white with rage.' "We never heard any more of the revocation of the paroles." Indianap olis Sentinel. Veteran Still in Service. There are now twenty-two generals of the line of all three grades and eleven staff generals in the permanent military establishment. Of the twenty two line generals seventeen served at some period in the civil war, and sev eral of them, as has been shown, almost from the beginning. Five caly, all brigadiers, have no civil war rwnrd Thor an Ttrwwi Grant. Bell. Funston and Carter all I too young for service in 1861-65. Of the eleven staff generals eight served -in some capacity in the civil war, either in the regular or volunteer service. The three who did not are Bates, paymaster general; Crozler. :hicf of ordnance and Ainsworth of -the Record and Pension office. Fifty-three out of fifty-nine colonels of the line were soldiers of .the civil war. Three of the cavalry colonels end one of the artillery were not, but every one of the infantry colonels dates back to the days of 1861-65. In the cavalry and artillery there is one vacancy each. Out of the sixty-one lieutenant colonels of the line twenty-four are civil war veterans, but a fraction over one-third. Very few majors of the line saw service in 1861-65. The ratio of civil war veterans to the whole is e about the same in the staff department Twenty-six out of thirty-six colonels, twenty out of sixty one lieutenant-colonels and a dozen out of a total of 161 majors of staff have records running back to the civil war. Spy's Valuable Services. Miss Major Pauline Cushman was one of the best known federal scouts and spies and rendered most excellent service to the government She was an actress at the beginning of hostili ties, and while playing at Louisville she was arrested by the federal authorities because it was believed that she was in the employ of the south. This little woman vehemently denied, and to prove her loyalty took an apointment in the secret service. After a short trial In work which required discretion and tact she was assigned to Gen. Rosecrans. Time and time again she visited the enemy's lines and made herself famil iar with the roads in Southern states. Miss Major Cushman was made a prisoner twice, but managed to es cape without telling any of the secrets intrusted to her by the federal gov ernment Just after Nashville was taken she was captured while mak ing a trip near that city. Again she managed to escape, only to be recap tured the following morning. They searched her this time and found in her garters papers which proved con clusively that she was a spy. Arrangements were being made tc hang her when the Union forces marched into the town and took pos session. In the war department there are a number of papers touching the splendid services of Miss Major Pau line Cushman. Old Pictures of Soldiers. I the museum of the Postoffice De partment at Washington are hundreds of photographs that were collected daring the civil war because of misdi rections or failure to find the persons they were directed to. At one time there were 7,000 of the civil war sol diers in the .collection. This number has been gradually reduced until then are now about 700. As visitors have examined the collection through the nearly four decades since the war the photographs have gradually been rec ognized and claimed. Only the other day a little gray-haired woman in look ing over these pictures became ex cited and finally burst into tears. An attendant asked her what was the mat ter, and smiling through her tears she said: "Why, there's a picture of my broth er. It is the first picture of my broth er I ever saw, and I have not seen him since that was taken'." It was the photograph of a young soldier taken by a camp photographer during the civil war. The little wom an was made happy by the receipt ol the picture of her brother, who lost his life nearly forty years ago. Gave Up His Pension. Recently a Kansas soldier sent the following letter to the Pension Depart ment: "Topeka, Oct 3, 1902. "To the Honorable Pension Commis sioner: "Having become converted to the belief commonly known as Christian Science, I herewith voluntarily sur render all claim to the pension I have been drawing for the last twelve years. My pension was allowed on account ol alleged rheumatism and alleged stom ach trouble, contracted during my ser vice in the civil war, and the mortal error which made me think I had them also made the doctors who examined me think the same. But I am now con vinced that there is no such thing as rheumatism or stomach trouble; that, by the blessing of God, I am free from error, and that I have no right to take money from the government on ac count of a cause which does not ex ist" Told of Gen. Wheeler. Representative Champ Clark tells this one on Gen. "Joe" Wheeler: "Wnen the Spanish war was brewing Gen. Wheeler was anxious to get into the fignt, if there was to be one. An ex-Confederate met him on the ave nue and said: 'General, why are you so anxious for a scrap with Spain?' 'Sir,' replied the general, 'it's my trade my trade.' His daughter said to the general that surely he had had enough of fighting to satisfy any rea sonable man from 1861 to 1865. and he should stay at home and let the young men do the fighting. 'Now, daughter,' said the general, 'if a fish had been out of the water thirty odd years and came in sight of a nice looking lake he would wiggle a little, at any rate, wouldn't he?' And the old warrior did wiggle into the thickest of the fight" A Crisis Met Half Way. There were strict orders in the Phil ippines regarding looting, and one day a lieutenant's suspicions were aroused by a private whom he saw peering eagerly under the piazza of a house on the outskirts of Manila, writes Dixie Wolcott In Harper's Magaine. "What are you doing there?" he de manded, in his gruffest tones. "Why. sir," said the soldier, salut ing. "I'm only trying to catch a chick en which I've just bought" Lieut K. stooped and caught sight of a fine pair of fowls. "There are two chickens under there," he exclaimed, excitedly; "I bought the other one. Catch 'em both." For Memorial Bridge. The stonemasons' union of Wash ington City has made the first dona tion to the memorial bridge which the government is to construct across the Potomac. It is a very large stone, to be made the cornerstone, and is hand somely carved. It was accepted dur ing the week of the national encamp ment, with appropriate ceremonies, by the Grand Army in that city. Women in Medical Profession. Medicine as a profession for womer is constantly growing in popularity in London. Women now holding medicf! degrees in Great Britain number mof i than 500. ?m Permanent. Pastures. On practically all American farms the permanent pasture Is neglected. This Is more true of the west even than of the east It Is rather surpris ing to find it true in all of our dairy regions, where we might expect to see the permanent pasture fully appreci ated. Where an effort is made to keep them up it too often stops at putting on a little manure and some clover and timothy seed or turning the sod over and sowing to blue grass. Tim othy can hardly be considered a very good grass for pastures, unless the pasture is to be used largely for horses, and the clover generally dies out in a few years. The blue grass proves good pasturage only under favorable conditions and with proper handling. Generally it does not prove to be a first-class pasture through the whole year. It is desired to have a pasture that matures its grass at dif ferent seasons. Our great mistake seems to have been in sowing too few varieties of grasses. This mistake is accentuated when we sow two or three varieties of grasses that mature at the same time. These begin to grow at the same time and during the "flush" of the season the animals revel in a superabundance of good things. But when the grasses have reached their maturity they begin to decline at once. No new varieties are coming on to take the place of the varieties that are in decadence, and the stock at pas turage begin to feel the difference. The farmer then must begin feeding or he will have to face a shrinkage in flesh of his fat cattle and a shrinkage of milk in his dairy cattle. The prop er way would be to select grasses that mature at different times and that have their growth in different seasons and at different times. This can be done by sowing some very early and some very late grasses. Among the grasses that it will be well to sow for the early growing we mention the fescues, or chard grass and timothy. For those that have a late growing season we name crested dog tall, alsike clover, red clover and meadow foxtail. To these may be added other valuable grasses that have been found to be good in different localities. Farmers' Review. Teosinte. Bulletin 102 of the Kansas station says: This is a native of Mexico, and thought by many botanists to be the original of our Indian corn. It is an 'annual plant, resembling corn or sor ghum in general appearance, but, In .stead of producing an ear, there are 'in the leaf-axils several slender joint ed spikes which are separate from ieach other instead of being united into an ear. However, in the United States TEOSINTE.1 the plant seldom flowers, and never produces seed except in south Florida or near the gulf coast. It is cultivated (in the southern states, where it is con sidered a valuable forage plant, and junder favorable conditions produces an immense amount of forage. For ex ample, it is reported to have produced in Louisiana over fifty tons of green forage per acre. It requires a long season and considerable moisture, for which reason it Is not well suited to Kansas conditions. It gives a fair amount of fodder in Kansas, but there is nothing to recommend it above corn, sorghum or Kafir corn for the same purpose. Potatoes That Rot If the potatoes in the cellar begin to rot it is well to dispose of them as soon as possible. None of them should be kept over for the coming spring, as they will then carry Into the next crop the mycellium that has been the cause of the rot this year. Potato rot begins in the form of blight in the field. Later it shows itself in the tubers stored In the cellar. Ignorance regarding this has kept many a farm infected from year to year, as the farmer has carried over infected seed from one year to an other. When rot has appeared there fore the only thing to do is to get rid of the potatoes before they have be gun to show the disease. If the rot is very had. It will pay better to feed the smallest of the tubers to stock rather than run the risk of having them all rot in the bins. In the or dinary cellar it is rather difficult to keep potatoes of any kind, much less those with the rot mycellium conceal ed within. In cold storage where the temperature is kept at near the freez ing point there is less danger in try ing to hold them for some months. In the ordinary cellar the temperature frequently goes up to near the sev enties on warm winter days, and this is especially so now that many farm houses are heated by furnaces. Cheap Plants. From Farmers' Review: As a rule buy cheap and you get cheap. This same principle. I think, holds true in the nursery business. We often see strawberry plants quoted at a very low figure, and if purchased from these parties are generally of a low grade. I prefer sending direct to a specialist in the growing of strawberry plants and paying a good price than to the cne whose quotations are way below the average. Plants that are true to name, strong, healthy, well-rooted, carefully dug, trimmed and well-packed cannot be sent out at a low figure and be profitable to the grc r. J. L. Herbst Wisconsin. Utilizing the Smoke. A novel method of getting rid of black smoke and at the same .time turning it to practical use is now be ing adopted in some Belgian factories. The smoke is driven by fans into a porous receptacte over which flows a stream of petroleum or similar liqr. The smoke is thus caught and turned into a gas that gives great heat, and can be used for running gas engines. When a man is just to his enemies, his friends can rely on him. Feeding Fowl. Chas. S. Greene, in an address at a Minnesota Farmers' Institute, tald: When you have selected the breed you want, and' have them properly housed, the next question is how to keep them healthy and get the most profit with the least expenditure for feed and labor, as' few of us can find pleasure' -enough in the business to pay its run-. ning expenses. There are probably, no two men who adopt precisely the same methods of feeding, and yet each, may have equally , good success, so! that there can be no set rules laid down to be followed under all circum-! stances and conditions. A person must study the composition of feeds, know what their nutritive value is, and the effects they produce when fed, to stock under varying conditions.! Again, the large breeds require quite': different treatment from that given-' the smaller ones. Feed that is right for Leghorns would be liable to make' Plymouth Rocks too fat, if fed in the same way. The manner and time of feeding is of nearly as much Importance as the feed itself. We always adopt a regu lar system of feeding, and only change with the seasons of the year, or when conditions absolutely require it We have known a change of feed, and the time of feeding it to make a differ ence, with our own flock of Leghorns, of over four hundred eggs a day in side of two weeks. Too much stress cannot be laid on regularity in feed ing, and the adherence to a steady system, only changing when there is a good reason for so doing. All soft feed should be fed on wide boards or in troughs which are kept clean, and the fowls should never be allowed to hud dle together any more than is neces sary. Exercise is of prime Importance when trying to produce eggs during the winter months. By keeping the floor of the bouse littered with dry straw, chaff or leaves, and scattering the whole feed into it the fowls get all the exercise they need. Excessive Profits in Egg Handling. As yet, the handling of eggs for com mercial purposes has not been reduced to a science. The great storage houses in the big cities have plants that are properly equipped for the Landllng of large quantities of eggs, but they are few in comparison with the numerous small plants scattered here and there throughout the country. Now and then we Iiear of small plants being started in small places for the storing of eggs to the time of big prices, and we are Informed that the men' behind the enterprise expect to make 75 per cent profit on their operations. This of itself shows the chaotic state in which the egg-handling industry is at tne present time. When the general handling of eggs is reduced to a proper system, it will not be pcssible for the storers to make any such profits. Pro fits like those come out of the pockets of the farmers or out of the pockets of the consumers of eggs. It is a method of oppression that we have not yet been able to abolish. But the time is coming when farmers and the con sumers of farm products will be wise enough to make sure that the men that play the part of middlemen get only a fair profit for their part of the work. We will then have storage plants in whfch the capital invested will earn but five or six per cent and the men that take care of those plants get only fair and reasonable salaries. The farmer will then get a little more for his eggs than he does now and the consumer will pay a little less for them. Marketing Eggs. From Farmers' Review: In answer to the question, "What method of pack ing is best when eggs are to be carried to market in the farm wagon?" would say, when only a few eggs are to be marketed at a time, we haVe found the small pasteboard box, holding two dozen and fitted with sections, to be ti-e most convenient especially so in supplying a private trade. Two dozen eggs per week being the usual order for a private family. A great many grocers are using them for their retail trade, and find them economical, for breakage is reduced to a minimum. Ask your grocer to order a half dozen for you. They are not expensive and a few eggs saved this winter pay for them. The farmer who has a nice flock of laying hens this winter will be strictly in the swim. A prominent neighbor of ours remarked the other day, that he would rather have 500 J hens this winter than two carloads of feeding steers. John Coolldge, Knox County, 111. Profit in Large Flocks. From Farmers' Review: If a man can make a reasonable profit out of ten hens, and there can be no question but what he can, there is no reason why he can not make one hundred times as much out of a thousand hens, provided he gives them the same care and attention. Few, however, are pre pared to do this, and it is for this reason that so many failures occur with a greater number. With large range, a few hens will take "care of themselves and make up for a good deal of neglect that would prove fatal to success with a large number. That there is money in poultry no one can doubt hut to get the most out of it one must have experience and learning sufficient to enable him to use feed, labor and all to advantage. O. P. Bennett Do Many Trees Die at the Roots? In a discussion on hardy stocks at an Illinois convention, H. Augustine declared that few trees died at the roots. J. L. Hartwell replied as fol lows: My impression is that Mr. Au gustine does not understand this case, from the fact that he does not know the conditions that Mr. Thompson in northern Illinois has to combat I had 5,000 apple grafts In the ground, rang ing from a year old to three, in that bard winter. The following spring I did not have a single live root Not one. I suppose that my scions came from stocks came from seed which came from France. I do not know. I bought them in Iowa from a. seedling grower; apparently there was not a dead top to those trees. When the frost came out of the ground in the spring every one of tbe tops began to grow, without a single exception. Now, I had hardy varieties of tops; the trou ble with them was that the roots were killed under conditions that the tops would not have been it the roots had been correspondingly as hardy as the top. With the Increasing price for land it will pay to tile much of the land that has hitherto lain waste on account of being too wet to work. I Prevent Mold in Butter Packages. The department of agriculture of Canada sends the following: Reports have .been received that a few lots of Canadian butter have been delivered In the United Kingdom somewhat spotted with mold on the butter paper and between the box and the butter. That has occured On saltless butter. As mold is a tiny plant or fungus, It is Important that butter makers and but ter dealers should know by what means they can entirely prevent its growth on butter packages, butter pa per or o& the butter itself. Mold can only come from pre-existing mold, or from spores which serve the purpose of aeed or fruit for its reproduction. If the spores be destroyed mold can not begin to grow. The conditions fav orable for its growth are a certain de gree of dampness and a moderately low temperature that is to say, a tem perature below 60 degrees. Some forms of mold grow at temperatures as low as 32 degrees F.. or the freezing point of water. Formaline is an effective fungicide, or. In other words. It is a destroyer of fungi and of the spores of fungi. A weak solution of formaline is effective for the destruction of spores of mold. A good course for the buttermaker to follow is to prepare a strong brino of tzlt, adding one ounce of formaline to one gallon of the brine. The butter :Paper should be soaked in this solu tion. The inside of all butter pack ages should also be rinsed with it. -The butter paper, while still wet with tne brine containing formaline, should tbe placed inside the butter box, and the butter immediately packed In it. (The brine containing the formaline will destroy all spores of mold on the butter paper and on the Inside of the box. A brine can be used for a long period if It be boiled once a week. :As the formaline evaporates during the boiling process, it will be neces Isary to add to every gallon of brine, 'after it has boiled and cooled, one (ounce of formaline. ; Minnesota Fears a Butter Trust State Dairy Commissioner McCon inell declares that he fears the co-operative creamery business of Minne 'sota will have to fight for its existence within the very near future. He sees indications that great concerns are to be formed in many of the larger cities for the purpose of merging the dairy producers of the state into a single current supply for a centralized stor age plant These concerns, he says, will go about the business of killing the co-operative creamery by the same means which the other combines and monopolies employed. They will offer larger prices for cream than the creameries can, until the creameries are squelched, and then it will have things in its own hands and will be able to dictate prices to the farmers. A gentleman interested in one concern of this kind told Mr. McConnell the other day that within a year all the cream within a radius of 150 miles of the Twin Cities would be shipped to these cities for manufacture. Mr. Mc Connell says the dairy farmer has got to face the problem, and that problem lis wholly in his own hands. If tem porary selfishness blinds him to his own Interests he will fall into the trap .to destroy the co-operative creamery, and thereby deal a death blow to the .state's great dairy reputation. Cream ery associations are preparing to put tup an aggressive fight against this, by the organization of creamery associa tions, and the state department is as sisting them in this work. St Paul rGlobe. Inspection Increases the Milk Yield. Dairymen are often puzzled in try ing to locate the cause of sudden fall ing off in milk yield of their herds from one day to another. Frequently the yield will drop five or more pounds .per cow. An Indianapolis milkman is reported as having experienced a sud den shortage of forty gallons on the day, which came about under peculiar circumstances. He was' delivering ninety-two gallons, and one morning met a man in the road who requested a sample of his milk; the next morn ing he had business at the city hall; and the day following he delivered only sixty-two gallons of milk. Dairy authorities have ascribed the falling (off in milk yield to various causes, but we think none of them have ever ac cused a milk inspector of drying up ithe cows. Jersey Bulletin. To Test the Oleo Law. At Cincinnati the oleo people have begun efforts to have the oleo law tested. They hope to have it declared unconstitutional. A forty-pound pack age of oleomargarine, mrde contrary to law, is the basis of the action, which is by the general government to re cover fines under clause two of the act Whichever way the federal court decides, the case will go to the United States Supreme Court Both the oleo makers and the Internal revenue au thorities are anxious to have the mat ter of constitutionality settled. Glanders and Farcy. Glanders and farcy are practically Incurable and all diseased animals should be destroyed and burned or burled deeply. In doubtful cases the disease can be recognized by injecting mallein (a chemical product of the glanders germ). If the horse has the disease there will be a rise of tem perature of two degrees or more with a well-defined swelling at the point of Injection. All suspected animals should be carefully isolated from others and watered and fed from separate re ceptacles. Infected quarters should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected by removing and burning all litter and similar material. Stalls, mangers and feed boxes, neck yokes, etc., should be cleaned and scrubbed with a 5 per cent solution of carbolic acid in wa ter and when dried should be white washed or painted. Equipment that cannot be burned can be disinfected by boiling for one hour. Persons caring for glandered horses should be careful not to contract the disease. N. S. Mayo. Experiment a Success. A contemporary tells a story of a dinner given by a philanthropist to reformed criminals, to which he in vited a number of other persons. In the middle of dinner a visitor com plained that he had missed his watch. Immediately the host ordered all the lights to be turned out. Then he an nounced that unless the person who bad the watch which did not belong to him placed it in the middle of the room before he counted a hundred the police would be called in. When the lights were turned up there were thirty-three watches in the middle of the room. Swine- Doggerel. A Missouri farmer, whose hog had been killed by a train and who imag ined himself to be something of a poet, wrote these lines to the company's claim agent for a settlement: My raxorback strolled down your track A week ago to-day; Your 29 came down the line And snuffed his light away. You can't blame me the hog. you see, Slipped through a cattle gate; So kindly pen a check for ten, The debt to liquidate. He was rather surprised a few days later to receive the following: Old 29 came down the line And killed your hog, we know; But razorbacks on railroad tracks Quite often meet with woe. Therefore, my friend, we cannot send The check for which you pine. Just plant the dead; place o'er hi head: "Here lies a foolish swine." An Education in Live Stock Affairs. It is plainly evident in the prepara tions for the third International Live Stock Exposition, to be held in Chica go Nov. 29, to Dec. 6, inclusive, that the coming event will not only be the largest, but unquestionably the most complete and instructive exhibit of live stock ever brought together in the world. Actual results of this great educational movement will be practi cally and conclusively shown, and the educational influence and value is readily determined in the magnificent display in every class and department, with the competitive events bringing forth the best efforts of the breeder and the modern live stock grower. From the Bonn, a Rhein agricultural college of Germany, a body of students will come, accompanied by members of the faculty. All the leading agricul tural colleges and other American in stitutions of learning have made exten sive preparation for large representa tion, and this feature of the exposition has become firmly established. In each class, embracing every recognized kind and breed, there will be at least a one third increase over last year. This brings the highest types and every dis tinctive feature in the carefully bred animal and represents the prize win ners of the expositions during the year in all parts of the country and the best product of the farm and the range. The hog and sheep exhibits wm be in new quarters, separate and distinct and free from possibility of contagion, and accessible direct from the cars, obviating the cumbersome re quirement of a wagon haul. In addi tion to the regular daily program of ring judging and prize awarding and important ceremonies in the evening, there will be a special entertainment arranged for each evening, and exten sive preparations are being made for the comfort and entertainment of all visitors to the greatest live stock ex hibition ever known. A Change in Breed Requirements. W. S. Van Natta: Like every other, the cattle industry in the past forty years has undergone a great change, not only in the method of handling and distributing the product, but in the type, and method of treatment on the farms. Years ago, when cattla roamed at will over unfenced public lands, living largely on grass and cheap forage, when land and all feed stuffs, as well as the cattle, were much .cheap er than now, producers kept .a class of cattle that were long-legged, coarse boned, and flat-ribbed, maturing at from three and a half to five years old. No one thought of putting cattle in the fattening lot until they were over three years old; but as the public land be came fenced, and the value' of all feed stuff as well as land increased, and producers were confined to their own farms, it was found that if a class of cattle could be produced that would mature and go to market a year young er, thus clipping off a year's. Keep, it would be a great saving of expense. It was also ascertained that a more com pact, lighter class of cattle fatted on much le$3 grain and required less time to fatten; that they had more flesh and less tallow; that in addition to the in creased quantity of grain required to mature the leggy, coarse cattle, owing to their formation, instead of increas ing in flesh they put on only fat, and a large portion of that internally; that the longer time they were fed the smaller the per cent of gain; and that it was highly important to the pro ducer, as well as to the consumer, to get a class of cattle more compact, that would fatten at an earlier age on les3 feed, would put-on more flesh and less tallow, and that were uniform in con formation and early-fattening quali ties. In response to such a demand, Hereford cattle became popular. Red Polls. George i. Pommel: The Red Polled is one of the youngest of'the breeds. it was not until the year 1846 that the union of the Norfolk and Suffolk breeders gave the breed its name, and from that time the real history of the breed may be said to date, though for many years before this the two branches had preserved their individ uality in their respective districts. From the start this breed has been famous as one valuable alike for dairy ing and for beef production. On the markets of England, the Norfolk cattle take high rank, often selling for prices as good a3 the "Scotch" beef, which Is considered the best the u -rket affords. They were first brought to America in 1S73, and since have grown steadily In favor. Their beef-making qualities have been neglected some, but they have figured strongly as valuable ani mals for the small farmer. Neglect to show them in high condition has also tended to obscure their flesh-bearing powers in time past, but recent exhibit-ions have been highly creditable. As their name indicates, cattle of this breed are without horns no appear ance of them being tolerated. In color tney are a rich, deep red. with white allowed on tbe udder and underline, inside the flanks, and on the switch of the tail. The head is quite char acteristic, of medium size, clean-cut with a sharp poll, which carries a good tuft of hair. Tbe neck is of medium length; body of good size and sba&e; legs of medium length. Red Polls are very uniform, prepotent, and hardy, .uey have a great many advocates, being good milkers, as well as good feeders. -ndlscriminate crossing of swine is a mistake. Many a fine herd has been ruined in this way. Tbe death of self is the life of the AU1. A RULING ON INSURANCE. Important Decision Announced by the Supreme Court An important decision on life insur ance is announced in the supreme court in the case of the Royal Neigh bors of America against Wallace, an error case from Dodge county. The court adheres to its former ruling of reversal, announced at tlte last term of court, but changes its mind ma terially as to the rule that applies to answers to questions iu the appli cation. The matter turned upon whether these answers are warranties or merely representations. The court says that the proper rule is that the asking of a question by the company is a declaration that tbe fact sought to be elicited by the question is ma terial, and the answer by the appli cant, when he procures a policy to be' issued is an assent to its materiality, the form of application and the pol icy constituting an agreement that the statements are material to the risk. This still leaves it open, says the court, to the determination of tbe jury whether the answer was true, and if not true, whether the variance was material to the risk. It is not for the jury, however, to say that the answers, though substantially true, were nev ertheless immaterial. WANTS A BOND REGISTERED. Auditor Refuses Because He Alleges it is Not Legally Issued. LINCOLN. J. Y. Niles has filed a suit in the supreme court for a writ of peremptory mandamus to compel Charles Weston, state auditor, to re cord a bond for $1,000 Issued by Doug las county in 1S77. Weston refused to record the bond because, he claimed, the law under which the bonds were issued was unconstitutional. The bonds were issued to the Omaha & Northwestern Railroad company, bearing 8 per cent interest. In 1887 the county refunded the bonds and issued others bearing 5 per cent These were issued under the law of 1SS3, which the supreme court has declared unconstitutional. This year the bonds were again refunded and others issued bearing 3& per cent. The state bold3 S17G.000 worth of the bonds. Earnings of Iowa Railroads. According to the reports of the rail road companies for the year ended June 30 last, as made to the railroad commissioners in accordance with law, there has been a rapid increase in the earnings the first half of the year. The aggregate of earnings on Iowa business as shown by the reports for the year ended June 30 last was 53,000,000 more than the aggregate for the year ended January 1 last, as re ported at that time to the state. The mileage reported in Iowa for the year ended June 30 last was 9.614, the gross receipts I39.10C.191.41. the expenses JXO.SS'J.igi.OS, leaving as net earnings S19.6S6.39G.58. H.-$ Corps? on His Hnnds. BEAVER CITY. The Burlington agent here has a piece cf express on hand which he would be glad to dis pose of. It is the dead body of James Bisbee, formerly of this county, who died at the insane asylum In Lincoln. His mother live3 twelve miles south of this place and the atithorities shipeil the body to her with C. O. D. charges for the casket and transporta tion, amounting to ?CC. When the family of the dead man called for the remains they were surprised by the charges and were unable to raise the money. No Fear of Contagion. Tho "hoof and mouth" disease, sp prevalent among cattle in the New England states and against which many of the, states in the west have quarantined, need occasion no alarm among cattle and stock men in Ne braska, was the statement issued from the state veterinary surgeon. While some of the surrounding states have quarantined against the fliserse. Ne braska will not do so. for tbe officials do not believe there is any danger of the disease reaching here. "We Fee no occasion for alarm." said Dr. Thomas, "and therefore will establish no quarantine. It would interrupt traffic and do no good." Russell Verdict Affirmed. The supreme court affirmed the de cision m the lower court in the case of Charles Russcli. sentenced to twen ty years in the penitentiary for the murder of Alios F. S!an(Leunaier. The latter wa found dead about three miles from his home in Siou.x rounty and abut six miles from the home of Russel!. It was claimed by the state that Rusnell had waylaid Slandenmaier as he was go'.ng to feed his cattle and shot him. Prison oPpulation. The number of prisoners in the state penitentiaries at the first of the month as reported by the State Board of Control by the wardens was 869. There was a decrease of six at Fort Madison and an increase of five at Anamosa during the month. HOPKINS. Mrs. John Schmidt, living near here, committed suicide by taking strychnine. She was 35 years of age. Portrait of Crnpo Presented. Philin M. Craoo of Burlington was in Des Moines and presented the state historical department at the request of Curator Aldrich with a handsome oil portrait of himself. Mr. Crapo is one of the prominent men of the Grand Army of the Republic in the state and conspicuous in business and politics. Adversity is the sauce of life, but a lot of us don't care for sauce. Sunday closing Is to be enforced a Crete. A bank Is about to be establisltti at Sterling. An ice making plant Is to be estab lished at York. Crete's new lighting plant has fees put in operation. A series of religious meetings are being held at Wymore. A war Is oa between tke telepkoM companies of Fremont - - Tbe postmaster at tbe village, of Smartvllle has resigned. At Broken Bow, "Pink" Brown was killed by the kick of a horse. The Burlington road will put la a new passenger station at York. A brick factory at Hastings was damaged by fire to the extent of $1,209. , The new Methodist church at Geneva will soon be ready for occu pancy. Dr. Covert of Pawnee was throwm from his horse, sustaining a broken collar bone. The saloon of Jacob Thomas of Wahoo was robbed of 800 cigars and a few bottles of wine. Dogs are dying off fast ia Fremont, ail classes of the canines, suffering from some unknown disease. George H. Thomas, a colored barber and an old resident of Wauneta. was found dead In bed at Wauneta. There are six divorce cases to be disposed of by the district court of" York county at the December term. Peter McDermott. for a long time an engineer on the Burlington, run ning out from Alliance, fell dead in Salt Lake. An unusually large amount of wheat has been sown in Gage county this season and farmers- report that it is in splendid condition. A. . Mrs. Myattway. wife of of the Baptist church at Falls t a King a dose or meuicine g wrong bottle and took arnica, most proved fatal. At Valentine John and Harry Jn were sentenced to Ave years in penitentiary for stealing about C.00O pounds of wire from David A. Han cock, a large ranchman. Dr. Alma Chapman, second assist ant physician at the Hastings asylum for the incurable insane, has handed in her resignation to the governor and the same has-been accepted. The Alfred Cownle farm of 280 acres, near Beatrice, was sold for $62.50 per acre, the top price so far paid for Gage county land. The pur chaser was Charles Hcntges, who the same day sold his farm in Hanover township to William Pardee for $50 per acre. William P. Redifer. who nas made his home in Fremont for some time, was arrested at St Joseph, Mo., on a warrant issued for him here, charging his with disposing of some horses and other property after first obtaining all that he could get from them on a chattel mortgage. Chester Brown, alias John Finn, ia under arrest at Wayne charged with stealing a team of horses from a citi zen there some time ago and later leaving two citizens of Fremont in the lurch by departing from that city with three horses on which they held chat tel mortgages. He was captured after being traced to Platte. S. D. Hallie. the 20-year-old daughter of John Rathbun. a merchant of Shelby, had her life hanging by a thread for several hours. She arose to build a tire and was discovered later in a chair, partly dressed, unconscious and her body quite cold. Through mis take she had taken carbolic acid, mis taking it for a cough remedy. Proofs were offered to the governor by Frank Iasse. E. W. Cullcn. David Ieary and Perry Boram of Winside. in support of their claim of the $200 offered by the governor for the appre hension of Gottlieb Niegenfind. the Pierce county murderer. In order that there might be no mistake about it the certificates were made out so that each one of the four is entitled to $50 and payment will be made in that way. The report of the officers or the Fremont Sugar Beet company shows that the crop of 1902 yielded a profit cf 30 per cent, a dividend of 25 per cent being declared and 5 per cent added to the surplus fund. The syndi cate raised 1,749 tons. Out of tho total disbursements of $5,SG1. the sum of $4,332.18 was expended for labor. The company has rented 4S0 acres of land near Fremont for a term of four years and will rotate beets with other crops. A pension of $12 per month, with $263 back pay, has just been granted to Joseph Grothe. the father of a Cum ing county boy who was killed In the charge at El Caney. Cuba. Two young men of Cuming county lost their lives in the Cuban war. William Gates, local agent for the Beatrice Creamery company, broke through the ice while on Maywood lake and would have been drowned . but for the courage of Clyde Platncr. who skated two hundred yards over thin ice and dragged him ashore. Charles Russell, the boy convicted in Dawes county of killing Alois F. Standenmaicr. a neighbor and sen tenced to serve twenty years in the penitentiary, must serve his time as the court has affirmed the decision. Davis & Mayne. who control and onerate the stone quarries, cast of Wymore. cut out a stone which meas ures eighty-two feet in length, eight feet in width and eighteen inches thick. It contained 984 cubic feet and weighed approximately seventy-five tons, equal to four carloads. While skating on the North Fork with several companions. Shelly Lin- ticum of Norfolk, aged 11, ventured cut too far on the thin ice and was drowned. The body was recovered. Henry Heaton. police judge of Cenj tral City, was found on the Union ciflc tracks in an unconscious con tinn with a wound over tbe right t,a hntfops nn th back of the brad. He died soon after being discovered. Some think he was struck by 4 v ing train, while others believe6 been slugged. tlMBpastor Wr. In " al- sVd. t -. i .( -v. .: V i- -v f- 0 me - jk "?-jt . . 'j? , . . i m Vi-"- -Er&j-v 't&i, jws'v-vr-. v5i ?
