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Iron and Oust.
Ike mighty ones who wrenched the
world with pain.
Far In the past.
AttlU rasing o'er the bloody plain.
The Scourge of Heaven, and bold Tam
erlane Where are they now?
The dust of centuries old Time has cast
Above each brow.
Where roams the spirit of the Norman?
Where
The untamed soul
That from the sea. a lion from Its lair.
Arose 'gainst England? Where ths ban
ner fair
The world saw wave?
O'er Harold, resting in man1! common
goal
A narrow grave?
What proflts Alexander now, that hs
Across the world
Bore ruin, sorrow, death, and misery?
The grim phalanx which Irresistibly
Moved o'er the field
Dust ail is dust! The war-flags all ars
furled;
Gone every shield!
Man lifts his voice and fills the univtrst
For one short hour
With blatant vauntlngs of bis sword or
purse;
For God a sneer; for Destiny a curse.
Tim's stroke is slow;
But when it falls, man withers at its
power
And bows him low.
Man's arm is strong; his footsttp shakes
the land;
His iron grasp
May hold a mighty nation; but his hand
Withers and falls when stops tha run
ning sand
In Old Time's glass;
Death's finger touch a shudder cry a
gasp.
The strong ones pass!
Where is the glory of ths sword and
shield?
The bright spears rust;
Fond lovers stray where once ths legions
wheeled;
The stolid plowman turns ths battle
field; The olive tree.
Green badge of peace, may from a Cas
sar's dust
Spring tranquilly.
Oh, you who would Smmortalix your
name.
Ne'er soulless cast
Tour brother's blood upon ths pyre of
shame
And call the dread black amoks Immor
tal fame!
Though reared usseen.
The sodded mound white marble will out
last. And still be green.
Lowell O. Reese In San Francisco Bulle
tin. The Soldier as He Was.
The commissioners appointed to se
lect a memorial for the 29th, 35th and
36th Massachusetts regiments, which
took part in the siege ef Vlcksburg,
have accepted the design submitted by
Mrs. Thco. A. Ruggles-Kitson. The
monument is to stand upon a bowlder
quarried at Annisquam, and will be
erected in the National park near
Vicksburg.
Mrs. Kitson submitted the figure of
a typical private soldier of the union
army to represent the men of Massa
chusetts, who were in the Vicksburg
rampaign. Old soldiers who have
seen the design were impressed with
the veracity of tho bronze figure, as
the sculptor has reproduced, with
faithful detail the union soldier in
rough campaign carelessness.
Veterans have commented upon the
realism of the clothing. They hare
pointed to the socks, pulled up over
the legs of the trousers, as an evi
dence of the value of this work of
art as an example of the real soldier
of the Civil war.
Warm Praise for Selfridge.
The passing of Rear Admiral
Thomas O. Selfridge will cause a feel-
. leg of sadness in the hearts of all his
old shipmates, for he was an idol
among us. His was a positive
(strenuous, as we call it nowadays)
character. Without such the great re
bellion would never have been put
down. Born and reared, as it were.
In the United States navy, he was
entirely at home on board ship, and
wee to a delinquent officer who had
:o pass his scrutiny. We were always
hearing something fresh and racy that
Selfridge had said or done.
One instance which happened in
Illinois offered us a great deal of
amusement. In 1864, while in com
mand of the United States ram Vln
' Sicator, which was being fitted out at
-Mound City, 111., his paymaster, who
ivas fresh from the capital, where he
- lad been serving as Gov.. Yates pri-
rate secretary, came to the captain
. .at great distress, claiming that the
.nen had stolen a lot of the ship's
-' stores. It transpired that said stores
rtad been' left standing out on the
' leek over night.
"What did you leave them out there
!or?" asked the captain.
VI thought I would trust to tne
" tonor of the men," answered the pay
master. ; And the captain
included - with the remark that
-.- whea you have been in the navy as
long as I have you will know better
aa to trust 'to the honor of old sail
;. rs where anything to eat or drink Is
it stake."-
CapL Selfridge speeded the Vindi
cator around for'a while, and had the
nisfortune to run her aground and
'.ear the copper tiff her bottom. Com-
sunder-J. P. Foswr of Indiana said
; Mai: "See here. Tom, you have
tot down to the Vs. so you will have
' bet little 'careful or you will run
. t" When a vessel grounds in the
Mississippi river the swift curreat win
mt great hole ia the saad under
-.ier bows aad pile it up asters, causr
- mg the vessel to break in two. Aa
fae captala was bringing the Ironclad
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U. S. S. Ozark up the river the pilot
run her aground at Helena, Ark.
The captain astonished the admiral
by reporting the accident. "Why, you
haven't got the Ozark aground, have
you?" asked the admiral. "Ob, yes,
she's aground and broke in two by
this time I guess. I want another ves
sel. She will hare to lie there all
summer, high and dry on a sand bar.
You had better get some soldiers to
guard her or the confederates will
destroy her." He got another vessel
while the more timid officers said, "It
is the audacity of the man that carries
Mm through.'
May our glorious navy always have
her Decaturs, Farraguts, Porters and
Selfridges T. F. Leech, M. D., Late
Surgeon United States Navy.
Wasted Self-Sacriffce,
Surgeon General Sternberg had a
peculiar experience at the battle of
Bull Run. Just before going In he
was approached by an Irish sergeant
major of his regiment, who handed
him a bag of gold weighing three
pounds. "Doctor, said the Irishman,
"I know I'm to be kilt entirely, an' I
want you to take care of this money
an' see that it gets to the ould folks
at home in ould Ireland." The doctor
had no time to remonstrate or make
any other arrangement, for the Irish
man dropped the bag into the sur
geon's lap and hurried away to his
place at the head of the column. All
through two bloody days Dr. Stern
berg carried that bay of gold with his
surgical instruments, and it was a bur
den and an embarrassment to him.
He tried to get rid of it, but couldn't
find anyone willing to accept or even
to share the responsibility, and he
couldn't throw it away, for the sake of
"ould folks at home."
Toward the close of the second day
the surgeon was taken prisoner. He
lost his surgical Instruments and his
medicine chest case, but clung to the
gold, and, making a belt of his neck
tie and handkerchief, tied it around
his waist next to his skin to prevent
its confiscation by his captors. Dur
ing the long, hot and weary march
that followed the gold pieces chafed
his flesh, and his waist became so
sore and blistered as to cause him In
tense suffering, but he was bound that
the "ould folks at home' should have
the benefit of that money, and by the
exercise of great caution and patience
nianaged to keep it until he was -exchanged
with other prisoners and got
back to Washington. Here he found
his regiment in camp, and one of the
first men to welcome him was the
Irish sergeant, who was so delighted
to learn that the doctor bad saved his
money that he got drunk and gambled
it all away the first night.
Told by a Veteran at Washington.
"We've been living like fighting
cocks since we came to Washington,"
said a member of one of the Pennsyl
vania posts, "and it makes me think
of the time when my company was
anchored at Point of Rocks, Virginia,
and when it was deuced difficult to
get anything tc eat for love, money or
anything else. One of these hundred
days fellows came to our bivouac and
wanted to buy some butter, remarking
that he hadn't had any butter for
nearly three weeks. The laugh that
rang out from throats that hadn't
tasted butter for nearly three years
made the woods ring. The fellow got
huffy, and we didn't do a thing to him
but take him to a nearby spring and
make a baptist out of him. Some of
these fellows that sent up such a howl
during the little play with Spain ought
to have been treated the same way.
The war department ought to get a
supply of nursing bottles for these
boys, that has yet to learn what real
soldiering is."
Veterans Welcome Old Foe.
The annual reunion of the survivors
of the Second Illinois cavalry was held
at Quincy, 111., recently, and an ex
confederate soldier was the guest of
honor. He was CapL J. H. McDowell
of Nashville, Tenn., and he came to
return a carbine which he took from
a soldier of the Second Illinois cav
alry. Capt McDowell was dressed in
the gray uniform he wore in the con
federate army. He captured the car
bine at the battle of Holly Springs,
taking it from Isaiah Weidman, who
was killed in that battle. CapL Mc
Dowell presented the carbine to M. L.
Weidman of Farmer City. Ill, a son
of the man from whom he took it
nearly forty years ago.
"We of the South thought we were
right," said CapL McDowell, as he
handed 'the old carbine to Mr. Weid
man. "But, thank God. we losL Provi
dence decided the war right, and we
are now glad you won."
Few Veterans on Army LisL
Ten or fifteen years ago more than
two-thirds of all the officers of the
regular army on the active list had
been participants in the civil war on
the Union side, either as volunteers
or regulars.
The last army list shows that the
raea of 1861-65 are nearly all gone.
They now number no more than one
twentieth of the whole.
They are not all dead by any means,
but death and voluntary and compul
sory retirement at the age limit of 64,
have reduced those still in active ser
vice to a very small proportion of the
grand total of 3.575 military officers
on Uncle Samuel's pay rolls. The
last monthly official list shows that
only 177 officers who held commis
sions as volunteers or regulars in
the civil war are still carried on the
active list of the army.
Wanted to Be Near Her Lover
Annie Lillybridge, only l years old
enlisted in the Union army at Detroit
so that she might be near her sweet
heart, who was a lieutenant in the
Twenty-first Michigan. To her great
disgust she was assigned to a differ
ent company in the same regimenL
She made every effort to get a trans
fer, but failed. Through a number of
'"S61118 the ronnS KM stood
manfully at the front and did good
service. In 1865 she received a
wound. in the arm and then her sex
was discovered. An her pleadings for
retention in the service failed. When
she found that she must don woman's
clothes and go home she declared that
SL wSILfT it otner "nlment
first. Whether she succeeded or not
Is not known.
With the selection of an Icehouse
in Nome as an appropriate place to
hang a murderer the limit of modern
cruelty was reached. Think of the
sudden and. terrible change of cB-BMle.
Moccasin Shake
One of
"When It comes to downright vl
Jousness among snakes," said a man
from Arkansas, "I will put the water
moccasin against every other kind ol
snake on earth. I was reading a story
about the snakes of Martinique, and it
seems that they are afflicted on the is
land with a rather bad brand of
makes, snakes that really go around
looking for trouble. I could not help
thinking that the Martinique reptile
must be related in some way to the
vicious water moccasin which is to be
found in the SL Francis basin, up in
Arkansas. They are savage, and what
is 'worse and more of it,' they seem
to have organized for offensive and de
fensive purposes. There are millions
upon millions of these snakes in the
basin of the SL Francis river between
the Sunk Lands and the mouth of the
river, a few miles above Helena. I
have seen the lakes alive with them.
I have known of instances where it
would be .impossible for a farm hand
to water his horses after his day's
work on account of the snakes. The
makes fed in the edges of the lake
during the evening, and as soon as an
effort would be made to water the
horse at a certain place they would
make a charge on that particular
place, wriggling in from the lake in
great numbers. They seemed to re-'
Strange Chance
the World Is Not So Vast
"I have a cousin in America. No
doubt you have met him. He lives in
Topeka, Kan."
Few are the voyagers to the other
side' who have not bumped against
some such assertion and then fallen
under suspicion of being themselves
unknown, since the provincial mind
of the foreigner cannot realize that
the Western hemisphere is slightly
larger than a parish in KenL
And this, apropos of the fact that
some years ago a certain New York
man who happens to be a "mighty
hunter before the Lord," journeyed to
British Columbia in search of big
game. While sojourning at Winnipeg
he expressed a desire to bag some
caribou and a friend who knew the
country thoroughly advised him to go
to Waubagun, a station on a branch
of the Northern Pacific.
"There is nothing but a water tank
there," said his friend, "and only one
man in the whole section, a Scotch
recluse, who looks after the tank; but
he is a superb guide, and as he has
only one train a day to watch out for
he will give you all the sport you
wanL"
The New Yorker went, won the re
Biblical Writings
Old
Some very interesting manuscripts
have been discovered in the vault of
the Jami-and-Kebar mosque, in Dam
ascus. Relying on an ancient tradi
tion, which said that important docu
ments relating to the early Christians'
were stored there, certain Biblical
scholars requested the sultan to let
them search the vault, and after con
sidering the matter for a year and
being assured by oriental scholars
that there were no ancient documents
in the vault relating to the Mahome
tan creed, he finally gave his consenL
As a result a thorough search was
recently made and many valuable
manuscripts were found. These were
taken to Constantinople, and an ex
amination showed that among them
were several fragments of the Old and
New Testament in the ancient Syralc
tongue, as well as portions of a trans
lation of the Old and New Testament
in that Syralc dialect which was
spoken in Palestine in ancient times.
"Wimii
THE LOGIC OF THE SABBATH
One Day in the Seven Should Be Kept
Free From Work.
As a psychologist. I believe in the
Sabbath day. One day in seven should
be kept holy from work and sacred to
man's primitive paradise of leisure.
I am no Puritan pietist or even Sabba
tarian in any severe sense, but hold
that this is one of the greatest of all
human institutions, and that the com
mand to keep it- as a day of rest is
written in our physiological constitu
tions. If need be, it may be kept in
sleep, man's great restorer. Monday
our nerves and brain must be re
freshed, and we must start a new
weekly rhythm on a higher plane than
we closed the old one. The mental
scenery must be changed. The brood
er's overthought must have-enlarged
our plans and given us both moment
um and direction. What form the rest
cure should take differs perhaps for
each person. I go to church, but my
neighbor should perhaps spend the
day in the fields with children, in
music,, in books, but for all there
should' be peace, tranquillity, repose,
surcease of worry and relaxation. In
no land should the Sabbath be so hal
lowed as in this land of hustle, tension
and Americanltls. G. Stanley Hall, iu
Ainslee's.
Wanted a Miracle.
It was a bluff spoken Englishman
who was consulted as to the warming
o a church during the cold weather.
"Give me $60 a year," said he, "and I
will guarantee to 'eat this church."
On the steamboat this summer Rev.
George JacKson of Edinburgh gave to
a fellow passenger this story, .which
he vouched for: .,
An English farmer had a number of
guests to dinner, and was about to
help thpm to some rabbit, when he
discovered that the dish was cold. Call
ing the servant, he exclaimed, "Here.
Mary, take this rabbit out and 'eat
it, and bring it back a little 'otter!"
Indian Merchant a Visitor.
One of the most interesting foreign
xisitors to Washington, just now is
J. N. Tata of Bombay, India, a mer
chant prince, manufacturer, philan
thropist, scholar and philosopher. Mr.
Tata is known In every great commer
cial center of the world because of his
vast business interests. He is a Par
see by birth, that historic race the
members of which believe in Zoroas
ter and are commonly called fire wor
shipers. He is a personal friend of
Mr. Foster, exjiecretary of state, -by
whom he was entertained at an elabo
tate dinner the other evening.
kin Retains Life.
Detached bits of human skin Hve
two to ten days.
the Most Vicious
sent it as an encroachment upon their
rights .and no amount of 'shooting' or
chunking would Hrlve" them 'away.
They would 'simply choke the drink
ing place. 'I have seen this same thing
happen a number of times. Of course,
it would be. necessary to take the
horse elsewhere for watering purposes.
They are exeremely poisonous, and I
have heard of many instances where
the moccasin bite killed animals. Dogs
in that part of the country frequently
die as the result of being bitten by a
water moccasin. They are not bad
about running away when -they are in
a fiockr In fact, the running had bet
ter be on the other, side if it happens
to be either near the beginning or at
the end of the snake season, for they
really seem to be more vicious and
more petulant, if I may say it, at the
extremes of the' season than at othei
times. I suppose there is some nat
ural reason for the facL At any rate;
it Is a facL Coming, back to the point
I will put the particular brand of Ark
ansas water moccasin to which I hjjre
i ef erred against anything in the rep
tilian tine to be found in Martinique,
cr in any other place, for that mat
ter; for I really believe they are the
raost desperately vicious- snakes on
the face of the earth." New Orleans
Times-DemocraL
Proves
gard of the hermit, and slew caribou
by the score.
Last summer he was in Scotland,
and while roaming, over the moors one
cay lost his way. At length he espied
a little cottage, and making for It
inquired for directions and asked if
he could not be accommodated with
something to eaL His hostess, a
motherly Scotch body, at once set
about getting him a "snack," and, like
all rustics, during the course of hei
preparations deluged him with ques
tions. "An so ye're frae America, ye say?"
she finally interjected. "Happen ye
ken my son, Sandy McNeil? He'fc
been over there mony a year."
"I think not," replied the visitor,
wearily. "You see America' is a verj
large place. Where does your son re
side?" "At Waubagun water tank," replied
the dame.
Strange freak of chance! A habitue
of Fifth avenue was made the link oi
communication between- the lonelj
mother and her equally lonely son.
separated from each other by half the
distance around the globe.'
in
Turkish Mosque
Among the latter was a translation
of some of the epistles of SL Paul
the existence of which was unknown
to scholars, and which is of great
value, as the dialect in which it is
written was spoken during the life of
Christ.
Among other treasures discovered
were fragments of the Pentateuch, in
the Samaritan tongue, an Arabic
translation of the 78th psalm, seventy
seven pages of a hitherto unknown
commentary In the old Syralc tongue,
and several psalms and eleven pages
of the Pentateuch, written In Greek,
and dating back to the 11th century
Baron Marschall. the German am
bassador to Turkey, has shown much
interest in this discovery, and it is
said that the sultan has granted him
permission to send the manuscripts
to Berlin, with the object of having
them carefully examined by the best
biblical scholars in Europe. Stray
Stories.
ift.rtVWVWAAAiVWIAAi
AS GOOD AS SLEEP.
Why Insomnia Had No Terror for the
Late Senator Vance.
During the.last term of the late Sen
ator "Zeb" Vance of North Carolina a
man noted at the capital and through
out the South as a wit, he was met
walking down Pennsylvania avenue
about 2 o'clock one winter morning b
Maj. E. B. Pope.
Scenting a senatorial poker party
somewhere or else a late supper- at
Chamberlin's, Maj. Pope, with feigned
seriousness, said:
"Good morning. Senator, isn't it a
little early for you to be taking c
stroll?"
"No, sah," drawled the Senator, with
all his Southern dignity, "it is very
usual for me to walk about Washing
ton at this hour."
"Ah. I see." replied Maj. Pope, back
ing water, as it were, "insomnia. I
know how it Is myself."..
"Majah Pope." said the statesman,
"I long ago vanquished insomnia. It
is' quite true that sometimes I go tc
bed and can't sleep. Then I get uj
and take a good stiff dram of corn
whisky. I go back to bed; -and If sleer
doesn't come Immediately I get up and
take another dram. I go back to bed.
and then, if I see that sleep is still
backward about coming to me, I'll get
up and take a great big dram. And
do you know. Majah Pope, after I've
had five or six drams of corn whisky,
I don't care a rap if I never go to
sleep.
FOR THE NEXT GENTLEMAN
Street Gamin's Fellow Feeling for
.Those In Distress.
An amusing incident -was witnessed
in a' cigar store on Chestnut street the
other afternoon.
A newsboy, having picked up a cigar
stomp, walked in and, addressing the
man behind the counter, said: "Say,
boss, give us a match." The man be
hind the counter, looking down, said:
"My young friend, we are not here for
the purpose of giving away matches;
we sell them." "How much are dey?"
was the question. "One, cent a box."
the clerk announced. The urchin
stuck his hand Into his pocket and
produced, after a great deal of hunt
ing, a penny and handed it to the man.
He received his. box of matches, and,'
taking one ouL lit the "butL" Return
ing the box to the man back of the
case, he said: "Say, put dis back on
de shelf, and when a gentleman comes
along and asks yen for a match, why.
give him one out of my box."- Phila
delphia Times.
Best Methods of Cooking.
Boiling meat Is less wasteful than
baking and baking less wasteful than
roasting.
AGRICUaW
Vheat
Growing Developing
North-
ward.
Year by year It Is noticed that the
rea of wheat growing in the United
States and Canada .is shifting to the
lortn and wesL Time was when the
irincipal part of the wheat crop was
.Town south of the Dakotas, Iowa and
Wisconsin. When Minnesota took up
he business of wheat growing and
leveloped vast fields the people of
he east and south were astonished,
rhen the Dakotas began to grow
vheaL It was believed that little if
iny wheat could be grown north of
he boundary line between the United
States and Canada. But the chief
lurprise has come in the tremendous
levelopment of the wheat growing
iountry in Manitoba and the North
jrest Territories. Reliable statistics
nfornvus that .the yield of wheat in
Manitoba last year (1901) was in ex
:ess of 50,000,000 bushels, and 'that
:he yield in the Northwest Territories
was in excess of 12,000,000 bushels.
This makes a total of over 63,000.000
jrorra in a section of the country that
was looked upon as almost too near
the arctic circle to be habitable. Wise
men have been figuring how soon the
wheat growing area of the world
would cease to expand. They have
not figured the possibilities of this
vast territory lying to the north of us
and extending we do not know how
far toward the line of eternal frosL
All this wheat was grown on about
2,500,000 acres of land, or about 4,000
square miles. This means a strip of
territory 80 miles long by 50 wide, a
very small area compared to the Im
mense area usable in Manitoba and
the adjoining territories. Evidently
American wheat growers will find
Btrong competitors north of the inter
national boundary line. The average
yield there of about 25 bushels to the
acre will prove to be a strong factor
in the further development of wheat
growing in that region.
White Lupine.
The lupines are divided into three
general classes, the White, Bluo and
Yellow. They are all annuals. In
Europe they are used both as forage
plants and for enriching the land. We
illustrate White Lupine. It is a good
WHITE LUflKE.
plant with which, to experiment, but
should not be grown extensively till its
value is fully understood. . Doubtless
there are lands on which it will do bet
ter than other plants, but the exact lo
cation of these lands Is yet to be dis
covered. Fertilizer Facts.
A report of the New Jersey experi
ment station says that fertilizers are
fertilizers only when they contain one
or more of the essential constituents
of plant growth, i. e., nitrogen, potash
and phosphoric acid in such materials
as nitrate of soda, sulphate of ammo
nia, acid phpsphate, ground bone, mu
riate of potash, etc., and when their
application to the soil will contribute
quite as much or more to the growth
of crops and the constituents already
there. The chief cause, of unsatisfac
tory results from the application of
fertilizers, to soils deficient in avail
able plant food Is that the person us
ing them does not understand the
character of the materials he Is hand
ling or the characteristics of growth
and specific needs of the plant whose
growth he intends to encourage.
While the value of a commercial fer
tilizer is determined almost exclu
sively by the amount and form of the
nitrogen, potash and phosphoric acid
which it contains, it does not follow
that all soils or crops will respond
equally to applications of fertilizers
containing those elements because
the needs of soils and the require
ments of crops vary. Soils differ in
respect to their need for specific de
ments owing either to their method of
formation or to their management
and cropping. A sandy soil is usually
deficient In all the essential elements
of plant food, while a clayey soil
usually contains the mineral elements
in abundance, particularly potash. On
the other hand, a soil very, rich in veg
etable matter is frequently deficient
In mineral matter, .while a limestone
soil Is likely to contain considerable
proportions of phosphoric acid.
Growing Potatoes Under Straw.
From Farmers' Review: On this
farm we tried the plan of covering
the potato patch with straw. The re
sult was. satisfactory. The tubers
were planted th,e ordinary, depth and
as they came up the straw was put
on. Next' time we will merely cover
with earth and then cover that Im
mediately with straw to a depth of
ten or twelve- inches. Deep covering
with straw has. proved the best with
us. There is much complaint here
about potatoes rotting, but we are
finding very few rotten ones. E. C.
Thompson, Johnson County, Ne
braska. Planting potatoes under straw has
been tried for a good many years, yet
the practice does not seem to in
crease. We would like to know what
'are the objections to the practice.' It
seems there must be some, or the
plan would be more generally adopt
ed. Will some of our readers give us
-their experiences In this matter.
Food Value of Mushrooms.
Mushrooms generally consist of 90
per cent water, but the remaining 10
per cent- is- more nutritious than
bread.
Any young man who is In love likes
to say good night the next morning.
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Origin of Buff Wyandottes.
Bulletin 31. of the Department of
Agriculture, says: There has been
considerable contention about the
question of priority of production of
this variety. From all information at
hand the indications are in favor of
George H. Brackenbury, of Auburn,
N. Y as the pioneer, with Dr. Al
dridge and R. G. Buffington, of Fall
River, Mass close seconds. These
two distinct lines were produced under
different methods. One was formed,
from Wyandotte-Buff Cochin cross;
the other came through the Rhode
Island Red-Wyandotte cross. Other
strains came from different crosses
all aiming for the same end, but each
using a separate rule of procedure.
The New York strain of Buff Wyan
dottes was produced from the anion of
Wyandotte males and Buff Cochin fe
males. This strain is largely Cochin'
in blood and form, in color of wings
and tail, and in surface color, and Is
the best of any of the early productions.
The amalgamation of this and the other
strains Improved all and gave them
the start toward their present per
fection of form and color. The Buff
Wyandotte is nearer related to the
Asiatic family than any of the older
Wyandotte varieties, as the latter were
crossed again upon the Cochin to gain
the desired color. The original Fall
River strain (so called) came as the
result of an unguided cross of Silver
Laced Wyandottes and Rhode Island
Reds. The Rhode Island Red, a cross
bred farm fowl, In union with the
Wyandottes, which were placed among
the Reds to advance their value as
market poultry, gave a product that
was molded into the proper form and
color for the Buff Wyandotte. The
Rhode Island Red was largely de
scended from the early Asiatics, and
thus gave renewed strength to these
later blood lines, and addiug to, rath
er than detracting from, the tendency
toward Asiatic form.
The Capon.
T. Grelner: It is easier to castrate
a young cockerel than a pig or a Iamb.
It Is profitable in more ways than one.
Once operated on, capons become the
most tractable and peaceable animals
imaginable. They do not run nor
chase nor fighL I will not say that
capons while young grow faster or lay
on more flesh from a given amount of
food than unaltered males of the same
age do. As long as the cockerel Is
young enough so that no energy goes
into the reproductive organs, I think
their development is about at an even
rate. But there is a change after a
time. The development of the organs
of reproduction in the male and bis
growing activity and restlessness con
sume energy, which in the capon is
saved for flesh production. Water
comes to a certain degree of heat only.
All the excess above this is utilized
for the production of steam. It is the
same ?.thing..wiqu the rooster. He
grows to a certain,slze or weight, and
all the 'surplus energy 'above this is
use'd for " the- purpose of reproduction.
In other-words,- the capon will con
tinue to grow and lay on flesh much
longer than the unaltered male. It
takes a year or more for the capon to
come to his full size and weighL but
at that age he is much larger than the
rooster of the same age, and several
times as valuable. Fanners' Review.
Salicyclic Acid Fails to Keep Eggs.
Fifty grams (about one and three
fourth ounces) of salicylic acid (crys
tals) were dissolved in alcohol and the
concentrated solution extended with
950 cubic centimeters (about one
quart) of water. In this solution the
twenty fresh eggs, after being washed
with water, were allowed to remain
Immersed for one hour. They were al
lowed to dry and were then, on May
18, 1899, packed, small ends down, sep
arately, in fine dry sand, and the stone
jar was placed with the others on the
.floor of the cellar closet. Result: Good,
0 per cent; bad, 100 per cenL Opened
on May 31, 1900, 'this lot showed brit
tle shells. The air cells were enlarged,
and contained more or less mold. The
whites were clear, and the yolks more
or less gummy, in some cases sticking
to the sides of the shells. The egga
had lost their good flavor. They were
stale or musty.
Weevils in Peas and Beans.
. From the Farmers' Review: After
cleaning beans and peas ready for
use, take tight box, barrel or cask
(dry), .and put the peas or beans into
IL Take a small bottle and put into
it two ounces of bisulphide of carbon.
Put the bottle Into the peas while it
is corked up. Press the seeds about
the bottle some, so it will not tip
over. Then take out the cork and
cover the receptacle in which the
peas or beans are. This covering
should be so 'perfect that the fumes
of the gas will not get ouL Do not
uncover it for some time, nor carry a
lamp or candle near it, as the gas
from it might take fire. D. C. Pros
ser, Michigan.
Irrigation at the New Mexico Experi
ment Station.
In the October 8th issue of the
Farmers' Review there was an article
on Irrigating by Bleans of Steam
Pumps. It referred to experiments
made at the New Mexico Experiment
station. In some mysterious way the
word Arizona was substituted for
New Mexico, and the latter station
was thus deprived of proper credit.
The New Mexico station was prompt
in calling our attention to the matter,
and we hasten to make all amends
possible. The work being done b)
the New Mexico station is certain tc
bear abundant fruit, especially in
semi-arid America. That station hat
demonstrated that a six-inch well wil
irrigate a considerable area of terri
tory, when the water is applied a.'
mentioned. Moreover it has beer
shown that the cost is much ligbtei
than was supposed. It further dem
onstrated that ordinary fuel can be
used, such as wood of various kinds
There are many localities where fue-
is a poslUve nuisance, but where ir
ligation would be very profitable
Since the publication of the article
October 8, the Farmers Review bat
received a further communlcatloi
from the station on the subject it
which the writer says: "Since th
press bulletin was issued our worl
has been even more successful, ant
we have thrown from the slx-incr
well already described a stream o
over 1,000 gallons a minute."
Dogs-and Hens.
The keep of one dog costs as much
as the keep of sixty hens, and sixty
hens will Icy 600 dozen eggs.
' The Hamburgs are great egg-producers.
They are non-sitters and sdve no
trouble through broody inclinations.
When Pigs Have Scours.
When little pigs get the scours,
give a heaped teaspoonful of copperas
to the sow in her swill and feed a
little lighter, says Texas Stock Jour
nal. After the first day. if it is not
cured, give a second dose the follow
ing morning. I have never seen this
fail where given when pigs began to
scour, but let the scours run on from
three days to a week and they will
likely be beyond control. As the pigs
get older, provide a place where they
can get all the shelled corn or ear
corn they want, clean out all they
leave every morning and give to old
er hogs. Give piggy fresh com.
Sprinkle the floor where little pigs
eat with air-slacked lime occasional
ly. As the pigs get a little older and
want swill, mix the swill of clean
shorts, a little oil meal, with sweet
milk and water, and add a teaspoon
ful of lime water for each pig. which
should be increased to a tablespoon
ful as the pigs get older. Feed this
when they get their corn. Be sure
their troughs are kept clean. If they
are accessible to the old sow they
win not leave enough to sour. Con
tinue lime water until the pigs are
five or six months old. Feed nothing
sour. If milk should be the least bit
sour, or tainted even, throw it away
if you have no fattening hogs to feed
it to. The pigs will easily get along
without milk for one feed, while the
dose of sour milk might set the pig
back for a month or two. As to the
lime water, it is easily made by put
ting a piece of unslacked lime in an
earthen jar or wooden pail. Put in
a chunk about the size of a quart cup
in a two-gallon jar; fill it with water.
When lime is all slacked and water
gets clear, dip off water and throw
first away, refill, and when this Is
clear, dip off the scum, when lime
water will be ready. Don't use any
tin or iron vessel for lime water.
You can keep filling and using out of
this a month before you need to add
any lime.. Don't rile it or stir, only
use the clear water.
A War Upon Goats.
"The Western press reports from
Grand Junction, Colo., mention the
killing of six hundred Angora goats
valued at $8,000. by fourteen masked
men, presumably cattle herders, and
from Oregon it is reported two hun
dred and eighty sheep were slaugh
tered by settlers and cattlemen the
same day. While not excusing law
lessness in any form, there must bo
some good reason for the antipathy
which has for many years been shown
by Western settlers and cattle own
ers to the herding of sheep and goats.
In Arizona, New Mexico and South
ern Colorado, as well as many other
places in the semi-arid countries.
tnere are Immense herds of goats
which have made the mountain sides
so bare of grass that other animals
cannot exist, at the same time ail the
coarse herbage is devoured by these
animals, and every seedling tree de
stroyed. It is utterly impossible for
forests to survive where goats are
pastured. This is simply a repetition
of Spain's experience upon her moun
tains, which resulted in the downfall
of that nation, because no forest
trees could grow where goats were so
numerous. After the forests were de
stroyed and climatic changes made
agriculture so difficult, the nation be
gan Its downward career. The prop
er way Is to punish the men who law
lessly commit these acts of violence,
and to enact laws which will confine
the herding of sheep and goats to
those lands where grass is abundant,
and limit the number in each herd so
as not to destroy the pasturage
more especially to keep them forever
out of the forest regions."
The above is from a publication
called Arboriculture. We would like
to hear what some of our goat raisers
think about the charges made. Farm
ers' Review.
International Live Stock Exposition.
The International Live Stock Expo
sition held each year in Chicago dur
ing the first week in December is the
grand round-up of all fairs and shows
of the year. At this exposition all
differences of opinion on previous
judgments rendered during the show
season are settled for the year. The
International is a harmonious blend
ing of the interest taken in the live
stock and agricultural industry of the
world at large, but more especially of
this continent, by the National Pure
Bred Record Live Stock Associations
and by the live stock and railway In
terests of the greatest railway and
live stock center of the world. The
Union Stock Yards Co. furnishes the
housing and finances the show. The
railways grant extraordinary low
rates of fare for travel. The Record
Associations, through their member
ship, put forth the effort of the year to
make a representative exhibit. The
week will be divided into special fea
tures of interest for both animal lover
and student. No such educational ex-
liihtft fa nffarcwl In ttiA IIita DtntL ...!
agricultural people as this, their own
live stock exposition. Tho exhibits
this year, both in the breeding, indi
vidual fat, and carload divisions of
the show will far exceed the two pre
vious expositions. People from all
over the civilized world will attend
this now world-famed event. Very
low rates on all railroads. Ask near
est railroad agent. Write for booklet
on the show. Remember date of
show, November 29 to December 6.
Fatress Is Not Health.
It has been remarked that some
swine breeders mistake fatness for
health and vigor. Fat does sometimes
indicate thrift, but not always. When
a pig has been properly fed on bal
anced rations and lays en fat it is an
indication of vigor, for the animal Is
getting the most possible out of the
food. But when the ration is one of
corn only and the pig gets fat the in
dications are not such as may be
trusted to Indicate health. The fat
comes in that case from an attempt
of nature to build up the body through
elaborating a large quantity of food.
As the food is in that case mostly
fat-forming a great deal of fatty tis
sue is elaborated in the work of get
ting a small amount of muscular tis.
sue.
Farm Stock in Middle Asia.
As to the extent of cattle-breeding I
in Middle Asia we can judge from
the following figures:
Russian
Bokhara.
Horses .. 900,000
Camels . 200,000
Oxen and '
cows . . 600,000
Sheep ..6,000.000
Goats .. 296,000
Asses ... 65,000
Khiva. Turkestan.
100.000
130.000
120.000
960.000
170.000
10.000
1.646,000
816.000
1.53M00
12,733.900
1,756,000
107,M0
Dairying in Sibcric.
New York Produce Review: Mr
Bagge of Swedes, recently made a trl$
through Siberia and Landmandsblad
gives the following report of a lectuw
on the subject: It Is shown that SI
berla is naturally adapted for becom
ing the future dairy country. Assooc
aa the Ural mountains have beer
crossed, one is astoaished at the enor
mous prairies with luxurious growth oj
forage plants, a veritable heaven foi
cattle and dairying, and this impres
sloa is confirmed if one gets a chanct
to examine the soil which Is of the
same rich, black kind known in the
European Russia. Herds of several
hundred head of cattle are frequently
seen aad the impression is that dairy
ing must be promlnenL
The Russiaa government has also
commenced to understand that it has
a gold mine in Siberia and has taken
steps to utilize It, but to a stranger it
will seem aa if the cart was being put
before the horse by establishing re
frigerator trains for export iastead of
first Improving the production. The
lecturer attended one of the great
dairy exhibitions held every third
year, this time in Kurgan. Tobolsk'
There were 400 firkins of butter, fresh
and preserved, shown, and not a
single perfect or simply good could be
found among the fresh samples and as
to the preserved the smell was enough
to prevent him tasting IL The main
blame he lays on the dairy instructors.
Of course there are exceptions but as
a rule, he did believe them to be com
petent and he mentions a sample of
fresh butter made by an instructor to
which had ben added several pounds
of sugar. When this is done by aa
instructor what can be expected from
the rank and file? No! first of all ex
pert instructors are needed. It must
be remembered what kind of people
it is who handle the milk. They are
on a very low plain of civilization,
they have even deemed the centrifu
gal separators the work of the devil
and believe that the late drought was
God's punishment for the introduction
of these machines..
Cleanliness, the foundation of dairy
ing, was not much in evidence at the
show, how much worse must it be JL"
the creameries!
These are both individual and co
operative, and there as everywhere it
has been demonstrated that the co
operative creameries make the best
butter and they also took most of the
premiums at the show. A peculiar
thing is that but seldom is mechanical
power used to run the separators;
as a rule they are run by baad. Every
patron has his separator by which his
milk Is separated at the creamery
( ! ! ? ) That is a great bother and
loss of power is evident, but the rea
son is that human power is cheap and
fuel very dear. Pasteurization is near
ly unknown and the care of the cows
is poor, the cows small of various
breeds and give but little milk which,
however. Is very rich, testing 5 to 6
even 7 per cenL
The Trade in Dairy Products.
'"" The exports of cheese from the
United States in the fiscal year ended
June 30, 1902, were smaller than in
any like period for the past thirty
years, and amounted to only 27,203.
184 pounds, valued at $2,745,597.
against 39,813,517 pounds, valued at
$3,950,999. la the previous year, says
a report of the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture. In fact, as far
as value is concerned, the Imports of
this product are now almost equal to
the exports, the Imports of the for
eign varieties in 1902 having amount
ed to 17,067.714 pounds, valued at
$2,551,366, against imports of 15.329,
099 pounds, valued at $2,120,293. In
the previous year. To appreciate the
decline In the export trade in this,
product, it is only necessary to recall
that in 1880 the total exports of
cheese from the United States
amounted to the large total of 127.
533,907 pounds, with a value of $12.
171.720. Exports of butter also continue to
decline. In the. fiscal year 1901-02
exports of this product from the Uni
ted States amounted to 16.002.169
pounds, valued at $2,885,609, against
23,243.526 pounds valued at $4,014,905,
in the previous year. Twenty-two years
ago the exports of this product also
were at the maximum and amounted to
39,236,658 pounds, valued at $6,690.
687, constituting an export trade that
in value was worth about half the
like trade in cheese. In 1895 exports
of butter had declined to the low rec
ord mark of 5,598,812 pounds, with a
value of only $915,533. As early as
1897, however, they had recovered to
31,345,224 pounds, worth $4,493,364;
but since that date they have de
clined steadily, excepting for the
slight recovery in 1901. Exports of
butter, as measured by values, ex- '
ceeded exports of cheese in the last
fiscal year by over $140,000.
Value of Whty,
At mnay cheese factories the whey
is an incumbrance rather than a
source of profiL It is usually disposed
of at almost no price, yet it is of con- .'
siderable value for pig feeding. Tho
Wisconsin station has determined that
whey for pig feeding Is worth 7 cents -
per 100 pounds, and if properly coat- '
bined with other feeds Is worth 10
cents per 100 pounds. The greatest '
trouble with whey Is that it rather de- .
moralizes the handling of the milk
supply. As soon as a patron empties
his cans he wants to fill them up with
milk, and this prevents bis cans be
ing washed and steamed at the fac
tory. There are various ways of get-.
ting rid of this necessity. One method,
that is practiced at some cheese fac
tories is worthy of consideration. Pis
pens are built far enough away from
the factory to prevent the odor frost
reaching that institution, but near
enough so that the whey can be easily.
run to them on tram tracks. All tha
whey ia fed at the factory In this way,
and the profits from the operation a
into the general fund. In this way 'tha
proflts get back to the patrons. There
are several advantages about this plan
of feeding whey. One of them is that
the whey can be fed in better conditian
than it usually to fed to when it has
to be hauled back to the farm: Spoiled
whey at the factory is put into
and is certainly not Improved when it
arrives at the farm. The cans that "'.
convey It are-never or seldom nmlS.
cleaned aid SL ISIT?T
muub( mj Mm
factory ia. those cans is injured- Ine
quality. Farmers Review. - -f.
' Wit Is said to be the" salt of eel
tersatioa, yet most people prefer it'
fresh.
a:
Women with double china sr.
to he exactJBg ia love affairs. ' : -
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