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About The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 12, 1902)
Wmfi Xtr - S -T S-t- fj. 5 ' Vi : r-y-rmw "v.; . if -.. .j -ff'P- ' is ft,- - . - L J - . 4 - . " -." i .- : "J t ;; IM . IC. K. ' I .. I! V ! H f YESTERDAY. A Three Days' Jag On Sulphuric Acid. f !3 cot far to Yesterday -" And" there we turn our eyes -"To r.ficre the good, glad ocwrSes -." . In" pleasing pictures ris. v.ihb -faded roses of to-day "- " Gtow red and rich with dew. - And rchere- gray clouds are spreading nor Y .see the slcics of blue; Just down the ray is Yesterday There sunshine always, beams; o-d&y we close our eyes and see . Our Yesterday Jn dreams; - .o-day we hear " the long-dead sons. And now we .understand Its' cadence, and know why It made OUr Yesrday all grand. A little way to Yesterday-To-day may have Its fears. Yet Yesterday is filled with anile. To-morrow has Its tears To-day to-morrow What of them. When we can find the way That leads us to the golden land The land of Yesterday? It Is not far to Yesterday. With glamour of the rose: ! With haunting echo of the sons That thrilled us to the close. To-morrow and To-day will lose Tlieir darkness and their gloom. And each will soon b Yesterday With melody and bloom. A NEGRO PATRIOT Rotable among the colored heroes si the revolution was brave Austin Dabney of Georgia. His owner cra venly refused to shoulder a flintlock, but the negro offered to enlist, and, after some discussion, the officers en rolled him. He was one of the heroic hand who faced the charge of the Seventy-first Highland regiment at Blackstock's farm, and turned the crack troops of Europe in open field Mlth ri'le and musket against the bayonet, and at Kettle Creek Dabney was severely wounded. After the war lie was pensioned by the United States government and received grants of land from Georgia. For gal lant service in the field he was freed by an act of the state legislature and his value paid from the public funds. Gratelul to the white family who nursed him when wounded, he earned money to educate their eldest son, and wept with J03- when the youth was admitted to the bar. Riding into Savannah to draw his pension he humbly fell to the rear of the white men he liore company. Gov. James Jackson, himself the owner of many slaves, saw Dabney, rushed out, shook his companion in arms by the hand, and had him lodged in his "quarters," or row of houses where the servants lived. Leslie's Monthly. A Gettysburg Monument. cry JT Ex-Representative Morgan of Mis- ouri tells a good story about an old toper in the state of the muddy water. When he first settled down to practice the town boasted of a drug store run by one of his friends. The store had a soda fountain and back of this, with the bottles of liquids otherwise medi cinal, was placed a bottle of whisky. In the town was an octogenarian, known as Uncle Billy. It was Uncle Billy's habit to step into the drug store every morning, pass behind the counter, and help himself to a tum bler of whisky. "Good mornln'," he always said, and "Good mornin', Uncle Billy," every body said to him. That was about all that passed in a conversational way as he made his regular morning call. One morning Uncle Billy had made his regular visit to the habitat of the whisky bottle, and was just disappear ing through the door when the drug gist discovered that Uncle Billy had drunk out of the wrong bottle. He had taken his potion from a bottle of sulphuric acid. Well, the druggist was almost panic-stricken. Uncle Billy had gotten out of sight, meantime, and the druggist closed the door of his shop, and in fear and trembling sent for his friend, the struggling young lawyer who later represented the state in congress. When told the situation C- Alorgan advised that the only thing to do was to open the doors just as if nothing had happened and to await developments. Both momentarily expected word of Uncle Billy's death. Three days passed and no word came. Finally they were about to conclude that he had dropped dead from his dose ot the poison in some obscure spot where no one had yet come along to discove. him, when Uncle Billy, look ing a little the worse for wear, but smiling all over, walked in rather ner vously. The druggist was beside him self for joy. "Glad to see you, Uncle Billy," he exclaimed, and repeated. "I am cer tainly glad to see you this morning. I've got a bottle of the finest brand of whisky I want you to try." "Sorry," answered Uncle Billy, "but the fact 1b the last time I was here I got some that Ju a leetle bit differ ent from anything I ever had before. But it was the finest I ever tasted, and I think I will stick to that" And the old man, who, instead of being killed by the poison, had got ten a three days' jag on it, insisted on being allowed to sample the sulphuric acid again. A practical joke is a fool's cowardly insult One of the monuments at Gettysburg erected by the people of the great New England state to commemorate the valor of their volunteer soldiers. ARMY OF THE POTOMAC 'The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but It ran never forget what they did here." The above memorable words were spoken by the immortal Lincoln at the dedication of the battlefield of Gettysburg, Nov. 19. 1863. Two great armies met there and fought the grandest battle in history a fair field and about equal numbers on a side, about 100,000 each. The army of the South, named the army of northern Virginia, fought under the leadership of their favorite Gen. R. E. Lee, and flushed with their victories at Fred ricksburg and Chanceliorsville. The Army of the Potomac battled under the leadership of Gen. George G. Meade, who had been in command only three days, July 1, 2 and 3. 1SC3. Both armies were in a death grap ple. Forward and back, surged the masses of the bravest of the brave on both sides, says a writer in the Detroit Free Press. The loyal people of the north, and especially of the Keystone state held their breath. Loyal Pennsylvania's soil was drench ed with blood from every state in the north in her defense. Along "Willow by Run" in the "Loup," in the "Wheat field," at the "Peach Orchard." on "Little Round Top" and the "Devii's Den," "Culps Hill," "Cemetery Ridge," and away to our right at "Runnels Farm," there was "Glorious fighting along the whole line." Which side won the battle? The Army of the Potomac, that grand old army which met so many defeats, drove back the Army of the South, and demonstrated to the world that the union was safe. Life's Plans Seem Sadly Out of Joint. MONUMENT TO GEN. GIBSON "They are going to build a monu ment to Gen. William H. Gibson in Ohio," said the major, "and it ought to be a big one. 1 remember Gibson before the war, when he ranked as the most eloquent man in the new Re publican party. My boy's heart went out to him when he was dismissed from the State Trcasuier's office be cause of the defalcation of another man. There were a lot of us young sters who grieved over the enforced silence of Gibson in the campaign of SCO, and who rejoiced when the cloud lifted from his personality in 1SG1. "When Gibson announced that he would raise a regiment for the Union service over 400 men In his county came to him. His fervid, picturesque oratory was heard again in central Ohio, and over 700 Ohio-born men served in his regiment The Forty ninth Ohio, under Gibson, was the first fully organized Union regiment to enter Kentucky, and the survivors of the regiment remember with a thrill the enthusiastic reception at Louisville." Chicago Inter Ocean. The Ninth Massachusetts. If, Indeed, the Intention was that jife should mean happiness, how sad has been the blundering! For consid er, for one thing, the pitiful ignorance which has resulted in such tragic suf fering to humanity. As a matter of fact man has been cheated of his birthright, supposing him entitled to happiness, for has he net been com pelled, unaided, to wrestle with the problem of fitting himself to his en vironment? Through long ages, by sweat of brow, travail of spirit and onerous physical toil, he has struggled to adjust himself to conditions into which he was thrust He found no paradise of happiness free to all. Life is a perpetual struggle, not elysium, says Vogue. Not only have millions been the victims of hideous slavery, but the whole race, from all time, has suffered cruelly because of ignorance, the most pathetic phase of this suffer ing being the unpremeditated cruelty and injustice which results from ig norant parentage. Can those who claim happiness as a birthright explain why sentient beings predestined for happiness are not put in the way of achieving it? For instance, is the fate which is supposed to dispense happi ness asleep, or gone on a journey, that it permits northern capitalistic unholy love of money to combine with southern parental greed for the tor ture of children, in the process of mill money getting? If happiness be the de signed portion for humanity, then are life's plans sadly out of joint, for the most cunning of malevolent spirits could not possibly devise greater vari ety or more lacerating kinds of misery than those which human beings in all grades of society are made to experi ence. Apart from tne mevitauie per sonal sorrows which affect all, how is it possible for any but the very young or the very selfish to be happy in a world where the majority are miser able because of disease, little health, dire poverty, incapacity, onerous la bor or cruel anxiety? Life as disci pline for character-building is an in spiring conception. Life as an abor tive happy hunting ground is an appal ling theory Some of the Popular Cures for Rheumatism. - Erected on the spot where the Third Massachusetts battery held position throughout the great battle. LISCUM'S GREAT BRAVERY Among the interesting figures at (he recent naval maneuvers at New London was a signal corps sergeant named Ackers, who lays claim to one of the most remarkable war records in the army. At Manila, in China and Jn the west he has seen service. At the time of the Chinese campaign he was chief telegraph operator of the American forces. During the battle before Tientsin Ackers was sent with a message to Colonel Liscum of the Ninth Infantry, " whose regiment was under heavy fire. The orders were to retreat. "I brought the word to Liscum," said Ackers, in telling the story. "Liscum's fighting blood was up, and he was mad at the idea of retreating. Turning to me he gave me about the worst wigging I ever received. There we stood out in the open, with the bul lets flying in all directions and the colonel sailing into me for fair. Of course, I had to stand up to attention, and it wasn't the most comfortable position in the world with about 50,000 Chinese shooting at us. "Well. Liscum had just about finish ed with one tack and was beginning another when all of a sudden he doubled up and went down In a heap In front of me. I think that was the end of a wigging. The sheer nerve of the man to stand up there and call me down as if we were in barracks while bullets were whizzing on all sides was wonderful, but it cost him his life." American men of science have re turned to an old cure for rheumatism, in the shape of bee stings. The scien tific explanation is that a bee when stinging injects formic acid which is a cure for rheumatism. What probably happens is that the patient, after hav ing sat for some time on the beehive, forgets all about the rheumatism. It is probably the long continuance of damp weather which has inspired so many newspaper correspondents to give the world just now their notions on cures for rheumatism. We referred briefly the other day to the American revival of cure by bee stings a meas ure heroic enough to please every Si mon Stylites in the world; and now we are told in the press of a cure by means of a mole's foot worn next to the skin, suspended from the neck by a silken cord so that it hangs a little below the chest In many jewelers' shops one may see "rings for rheum atism," it being a common faith among even educated people that a metal ring worn on the little finger of the left hand is a cure infallible. But of all these notions the most interest ing and probably the most popular in England is that known by the name of the potato cure, as the London Globe says. It is said that if a person suf fering from rheumatism will carry a potato about with him he will find himself free from pain and distress. It is asserted that a potato carried in the pocket of a rheumatic person will speedily become as hard as a rock, while in the keeping of a person free from the complaint it remains in its ordinary condition. Therefore it would appear as if the explanation of "faith" in this case doss not apply as it would perhaps in the matter of charms. So far as we know, science has no pronounced judgment on the potato cure, but it would certainly be interesting to obtain a scientific ex planation of the hardening of the potato. Some Points on Cattle Feeding. Bulletin 76 of the Mississippi sta tion says: Abundant feed for cattle during four or five months of late fall, win ter and early spring is a most im portant matter. Beef steers will mar ket almost an unlimited amount of feed, but not at a very high price. The farmers of the corn and alfalfa sections of the country depend on beef steers and hogs to market much of their crop. They will feed a steer half a battel of corn a day and the necessary roughage and are satisfied with a gain of five pounds for each bushel of corn fed. If they can mar ket their alfalfa hay at $5.00 a ton by feeding or otherwise they have made good profit on their land. The man who does not own some land and who does not have some thing or who does not wish to grow something for cattle to eat has no use for cattle. The function of livestock on the farm is to convert grain and grass and roughage, that are produced on the farm, into meat or other live stock products. As a people we are accustomed to high priced feeds and tn hnvlntr large amounts of grain. It is equally true that our farmers de pend on the oil mills to buy their cot ton seed and they take whatever these mills offer. There is a demand for cattle on the farms to eat cotton seed or the meal and hulls after the oil is extracted. It is desirable to grow more restorativo crops and with these and manure to make the land more productive. Oil mills do not pay high prices for seed. Good cat tle doubtless would give as good and perhaps better returns for them and leave the fertilizing elements on the farm as an additional profit In determining the relative values of feeds the results obtained by this station show that a ton of cotton seed will produce about one-sixth more beef than a ton of corn, and a ton of cotton seed meal will produce twice as much. Cowpea hay and Johnson grass hay are about equal in value. One and a half pounds of corn stover are about equal in value to one pound of cowpea hay. The cotton seed hulls that we have been using this season are nearly equal in value to good Johnson-grass hay 12 pounds of the hulls giving as good results as 10 pounds of hay. I previous to being used, so that a suf ficient amount of water could be ap plied at one time to properly do the work. It I recognized as a principle that the "Mttle-and-often" method of watering will not do. 2a the West this system has been brought to some perfection, especially in Western Kansas and Western Ne braska. There a windmill will fill a reservoir with enough water to irri gate about 15 acres of land, which, of course, is not used for grain growing, but for the raising of vegetables. But the cost of constructing a reservoir is considerable, and the cost of erecting a windmill tower is also considerable. So if a method could be found that would make it possible to supply water to the land in a large enough stream to irrigate it direct there would be a considerable saving. This the Arizona station has done. It has used an or dinary engine for lifting the water, but has employed a very large stream of water for the purpose. From seven to 42 acres of ground can thus be ir rigated in a single day of 24 hours. The use of a large stream of water has a great advantage over the use of a small stream. The experiments are to be continued at the Arizona station and will doubtless bring to light many things, especially the economy of us ing certain kinds of fuel. In all of our states there are times in the year when an application of water would save valuable crops. There are those that persistently stick to the idea that we should not irrigate if we live in the humid states. But if a drouth comes just before a crop is ready to harvest and ruins it. the result is the same as If it had been present all the time. Hitherto it has been thought that only garden truck could be irrigated, the expense being too great for field crops. But at the station mentioned it was found that irrigation could be car ried on at about SI per acre and cover the ground more than five inches deep with water. At this rate any kind of a crop could be irrigated to advantage. There is evidently a great future for this kind of enterprise. In some of our hilly states there are no end of water powers going to waste, which will doubtless some day be used as has been indicated. A Conflict Over Swiss Cheese. Henry H. Morgan, United State Consul at Lucerne, Switzerland, re ports to the government: There is a conflict between the producers and the dealers in Swiss cheeso in Switzerland, causing a sus pension of the usual business ot the season, through which our own deal ers In this article might profit The conflict is caused by the dealers in sisting that the producers should comply with the old-fashioned cus tom of giving as a bonus an addi tional 6 per cent of the purchased weight The same difficulty occurred last year, and American buyers pur chased direct from the producers, but the latter soon gave in and their en tire output was immediately bought by tho Swiss dealer.!. This year, the Dealers' Association has agreed to impose a penalty ot 1,000 francs ($193) on any member of the association who buys cheese without the bonus ot 6 per cent and I in retaliation 500 cheesemakers have entered into an agreement cot to give more than the weight actually bought and paid for, in default ot which they bind themselves to the payment of a fine of from 1,000 to 3,000 francs ($193 to $579). The situation offers an excellent opportunity for foreign dealers to buy the finest and most valuable Swiss product at an exceptionally low price, lipon reliable authority, I am in formed that French dealers have al ready availed themselves of the opening. Revenge may be sweet if one could forget IMVWWMWVWDWVWOAWWWWWVWWWMWWWVWWWW VOLUNTEERS FOR THE FRONT. by a Originality is a new flavor given to an old-fashioned cocktail. I have more fear of a hypocritical old cuss than I have of a hardened old sinner. ANDREW JACKSON'S SWORD The acting mayor is In receipt of a letter from S. B. Pearson of Stephen ville. Tex., stating that he has a sword which was worn by Gen. Andrew Jackson during the war of 1812. After the battle of New Orleans Gen. Jack son presented it to Capt Robert Fen ner for bravery displayed during the battle. Capt Fenner. Mr. Person wiites, had a brother, or first cousin, who was a resident of New Orleans, and whose name was Dr. Erasmus Feaner. a practicing physician. Mr. Person further writes that he has been advised that there is at present a fam ily bearing the name of Fenner In tab city. If so, they might be interested, he thinks, in obtaining possession of this Interesting relic. The Dr. Eras mus Fenner referred to in Mr. Per son's letter was the father of Judge Charles E. Fenner and grandfather of Mr. Charles t. Fenner and Dr. E. D. Fenner. The Capt Robert Fenner was a relative of Dr. Fenner, and subse quently settled in Texas, where he has descendants. New Orleans Times-Democrat DAY OF MANY MEMORIES Embarrassing Mistake Made Visitor to Hayti. That the character of the frequent revolutions In Hayti tends decidedly toward opera bouffe is attested by a story which has gained currency in the navy department during the last week. It emanated from a man who held, under one of the mushroom gov ernments of Hayti, the post of admiral of the Haytian navy, the same office held by Admiral Killick, who is re ported to have gone to the bottom with his ship, the Crete-a-Pierrot, when it was sunk by the German gun boat Panther. Tne admiral was standing in the doorway of a hotel in Port au Prince in company with another American, who was familiar with Haytian cus toms. Down the main street came a band of negroes. They were ignorant look ing and seemed little inclined to march ahead, but were forced along against their wills by the persuasive powers of long black whips in the hands of brilliantly uniformed per sons, evidently officers of the Haytian army. "Who are those convicts?" asked the admiral, turning to his friend. The friend appeared surprised, for he had just finished talking of the rev olution reported to be raging outside Port au Prince. "Why, no indeed, they're not convicts," he replied. They are volunteers going to the front'' WHAT MOST IMPRESSED HIM. How Young Moody Came to Admire Fortitude of Stephen. Paul D. Moody, son of the evangel ist, was a class deacon and a powei of righteousness in his class at Yak 1901. To his strength of character were added companionable qualities that made him very popular with his fellows. One day Paul was induced to get Into the exhilarating game of "nigger Through a conspiracy it Losses of Sheep from Parasites. The greatest menace to sheep hus bandry. What is it? It is not the menace from the presence of dogs or wolves, although in these, in some states, is found a most serious men ace. It is not in the liability to a change in tariffs, although this might work great harm, according to the nature of the change, writes Professor Thomas Shaw in American Sheep Breeder. Nor is it even in the flood ing of the country with shoddy not properly labeled. It is the increasing losses in flocks in many sections from the constantly increasing ravages of parasites. These have multiplied un til they are a source of losses which, in certain areas, give cause to posi tive alarm. If it could be known how many sheep in the United States are lost every year through the preva lence of parasites the figures would be startling. It would probably be correct to say that nine-tenths of the losses of sheep in this country every year arise from one or the other of the various kinds of parasites which select sheep for their especial prey. These losses run all the way from no loss at all in some flocks to very great loss in others. The alarming feature of such loss does not arise so much from the num ber of the animals lost as from the fact that those ailments are not well understood; that is to say, they are not well understood In so far as their life history is concerned. This is true particularly of tape worm in some of its forms, and also of stomach worms. It is not certainly known how those parasites exist separate from the sheep. As long as such is the fact just so long will men work more or less in the dark fighting these troubles. Ways Swine Get Tuberculosis. Occasionally a barrow is found with tuberculosis of the scrotum, says Dr. S. Stewart. It is not rare to find a sow. with this disease in one or more of the teats, usually one, sometimes two, and in no other part of the body, showing that the infection was from virus getting into that particular part There are other sources and ways of infection, but those given are the most common. When once the disease is introduced into the herd, then it is readily propagated from the dis eased to the healthy, and thus the in fected animal becomes a source of further distribution of the disease. There is much interest to be taken in the channels of the body through which these germs may find entrance and the tissue in which they may propagate. Close observation shows that most cases are infected through the structures of the throat You re call what the tonsil is in your own throat Swine have a similar struc ture in their throat, and just beyond these tonsils or in relation to them, there are structures known as lymph ganglia, or glands, or kernels. These lymph ganglia are simply centers along the course of little vessels which lead from the tissues in all parts of the body to the central blood stream, and, next to the tonsilar disturbances, the disease is found in these glands, at the angle of the jaw, just inside. In the government inspection these glands are carefully examined, and it is surprising to note the large num ber that are found to be diseased. Finding it there calls for investigation all over the body. The Question of Licensing. In Canada they are discussing the proposition of licensing cheese fac tories. In Minnesota the licensing ot buttermakers Is being discussed. It is not improbable that the license question will before long assume con siderable proportion in dairy matters. It Is certain that we have butter-makers, cheese-makers, butter factories and cheese factories that would be hard hit by a license system. We might include also the professional users of the Babcock test Some of the men that are now making butter and cheese certainly could not obtain a license it the rules were at all strict And it would be a good thing if they could not In some of our factories tho owners make the plea that if they had to have things In a sanitary condition they would not be able to run their establishments, as they have no capital with which to make extensive changes in their buildings and machinery- Very well, then, let them shut up and leave the road clear for those that are ready to do better. If a business of this kind cannot be conducted properly it should not be conducted at all. The public has some rights in the matter. It has a right to be protected against dirt, which too often means disease. Plants That Live In Insects. To say that plants live upon and ft Insects sounds like "putting the cart before the horse" for usually . one thinks of Insects as living and feed ing upon plants. Almost everyone has noticed during the latter part of sum-, mer and in the autumn, the dead files attached by their tongues to the walls of the house and to the window-panes, and also the dead grasshoppers cling ing to the weeds and grass stems in such a way that .they 'appear to have died from fear of either falling off or of being carried by a- strong wind to a leu favorable feeding ground. Vari ous other Insects .are also found dead in considerable numbers. It some times happens that an entire swarm of bees Is destroyed within a Short time and that silkworms that were eating raveneously and apparently in perfect health, become inactive and die wlthia a few days. An examination of some of these dead insects shows that they are cov ered with a white cottony substaaca which breaks through their bodies at the segments,, while others . have changed color and finally rotted with out any visible cause. A few insects. such as the white grub which is the young stage of the May beetle, are oc casionally found with variously col ored horn-like objects projecting out of their dead bodies. The loss to the silk industry and to the bee raisers has brought about a careful Investigation of tho diseases of the silkworm and bee in order to determine the cause of their wholesale destruction and to find some means of preventing it In the case of certain other insects. the grasshoppers, cod ling moth, chinch bug, and the omnt-.i present house fly for example, means for destroying them is of as much im portance as for protecting the silk worm and honey bee. As a result these investigations have shown that the death of many insects is caused by plants which live Inside of them and which feed upon them. Plants living after this manner are known as fungi. Instead of obtaining their food from the soil and air like the sunflower and the corn, they get it either from living plants and ani mals or from dead ones. Other famil iar examples of the fungi are the toadstools, the mildews, and the moulds. Prof. John L. Sheldon. Maine Tries Angora Goats. The first problem we met was suit able fencing. We soon found that while they do not jump they are good climbers and that they will go over any fence the top of which they can reach with the fore feet The horns devolved on some of the ewes point backward Memories of the dark days of the re public, when deeds of valor and su blime heroism were a part of the daily life of every brave citizen-soldier, wt.-e recalled and thrillingly recount ed with choked voices, warm hand clasps or merry laughter by the thou sands of Union veterans assembled in Washington. It was the day of annual reunions of the many branches of the Grand Army the day upon which the veterans gather every year to tell again and again the never-tiring stones of friendships long and last ing, of sacrifices noble and brave, of privations stern and terrible, which had their origin in the din of battle or under the star-lit heavens in the still watches of the night when men were drawn together in the fellow ship of suffering by their common trials and dangers. JOHN BROWN'S CAPTOR Col. William A. Banks is dead at his home in Bryan, Tex., at the age of 59 years. He was a native of Vir ginia and a graduate of Wshington and Lee University. His life was speit in educational work, and he was eminently successful in Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas and Texas. Colonel Banks served through the civil war, and is mentioned in history as the colonel of the Virginia regi ment participating in the raid on Har per's Ferry, where John Brown was captured. Resurgam. Dark her eyes; yet darker ever Is the darkness that they know, 3ray the dust upon them lying- Where the tinted daisies grow. 2old and white; where friend or lover May not seek her, never come. Little hands so pale and listless. Singing mouth forever dumb. What though birds in leafy clover Tune a merry roundelay. Fast asleep beneath the clover Heeds she not the break o day. Dn her breast the lotus flowers Linger yet in death's perfume. like their mistress, stilled to sleeping By the shadow of the tomb. baby" a favorite campus pastime, upon him to pay the rigorous penalty of the game, which consisted in crouching against Alumni hall while the other participants, fifty feet away took three shots each at him with a tennis ball. Great was the hope of the Philistines that a worldly, un deaconlike cry would burst from the target at some stinging hit, but none came. "I guess you swore under your breath once or twice, anyway; now, didn't you, Paul?" a fellow player asked, when the ordeal was over. "No, I didn't," replied Moody frank ly. "But, I tell you when 'Bob' Rob ertson (the 'Varsity pitcher) was throwing, I appreciated as never before the magnificent fortitude o' Stephen, the stoned martyr." A NOVEL PRISON REFORM. Ingenious Poachers. Poachers in the Ardennes are in genious. One had the heels of his loots fixed under his toes, so that lis tracks appeared to be going in an ipposite direction. Hares and other ame are sent to Brussels In firkins )f butter, so that the scent shall not letray them. Horses Need Steady Work. The horses that are best able to fan it ftm1 riratna an thnaA whiMi vork steadily every day In the week. J the coast line. Italy Proposes Compensation for Men Unjustly Condemned. A new criminal bill Is about to be discussed in Italy, and it is thought in Rome that it will be passed. It proposes to concede to those found to have been unjustly condemned to prison an indemnity, to be decided upon by the courts. If the person has been in prison through a real judicial error the in demnity will in some way correspond to the financial loss which he and his family have sustained, while if he has been condemned through the bad faith of a third person, through false tes timony (for which, of course, the court which condemned him is not re sponsible), the indemnity will be less but at least he will have the where withal to begin life anew. It has been proposed to indemnify those living when the law passes who have already been released from un merited condemnations or the families of those who have died while under going unjust sentence. Newfoundland Sparsely Settled. The island of Newfoundland a ter ritory as large as the state of New York has only about 250,000 inhab itants, and these are sprinkled along in a V shape. In the caso of a woven wire fence with squaro openings even with four inch mesh they will push their heads through the openings and get hung by their horns. With this kind of a fence it was necessary to visit them two or three times a day to release the prisoners. In 1901 wo gave them too extensivo a range and they did but little clearing up. In May, 1902, six ewes, one buck and five kids were put in an aero of young woodland of a mixed growth, most of the trees three to six inches in diameter. There was a quite thick growth of underbrush. Tho small underbrush of birch, maple, hazel bush, etc., have been cleaned up so that where there are no alders or evergreens the ground under the trees is as clean as though it had been burned over. Sweet fern they do not like very well, but they have cleaned all of the hardhack out of this piece Ferns and brakes have been eaten to some extent They have eaten the leaves and young sprigs of bushes In preference to grass. Birches two inches or more in diameter they have not injured but they have stripped the bark from every maple. Even maple trees six inches in diameter have been thus killed. We have found them to be fond of the bark of apple trees, even eating the bark from old trees. To clean up birch or evergreen wood land they have proven very ef fective. There has been practically no cost for the summer's keeping. The twelve goats have been kept with out other food on one acre of young wood land. They have required no care other than an occasional visit to see that they are all right and that they have water. Salt was given occasionally. Chas. D. Woods, Di rector Maine Experiment station. Points in Swine Judging. Prof. W. J. Kennedy gives the fol lowing suggestions regarding some of the points to be noted in judging swine: Head A short broad head especial ly wide between the eyes and the ears is usually associated with width and compactness of body throughout and is an Indication of an aptitude to fat ten rapidly. A snout of medium length is desirable. Eyes Tho eyes should be clear, large, wide apart, and free from wrinkles or folds of fat, which often causes blindness. Ears A small, fine ear indicates re finement throughout. This is desir able. The carriage of the ear will de pend upon the parentage of the hog, being erect in tho Berkshires, half drooping in the Poland-China, and al most wholly drooping in the Duroc Jersey and most of the large white hogs. Jowl A broad, neat, smooth, firm Jowl is desirable. Flabbiness of jowl duo to excess of fat in this region is very objectionable. Neck The neck should be short, thick and deep. It should blend smoothly into the shoulder vein and shoulder without any depression. Shoulder and Shoulder Vein The shoulder vein is that portion just in front of tho shoulder where the neck joins the shoulder. Fullness in this part Is very desirable, as it usually results in a smoothly covered wide shoulder. Tho shoulder should be broad, deep and compact on top. Prom inent shoulder blades and a slackness between the same are very objectionable. Process Butter Makers Organize. About forty manufacturers of proc ess butter have organized themselves into on association under the name of the National Association of Process Butter Manufacturers. They have set forth their reason for combining as "the desire to prevent the inju rious effects of individual competi tion." In other words they will be in a position to fix the price that shall be paid for the butter that goes into their factories to be worked over. If they are paying twelve cents for It now they will doubtless find eleven cents all it is worth and a little later may conclude that ten is enough. The butter makers of the country may as well settle down to the conclusion that the price fixed will always be In favor of the factories and not of the country butter maker or of the corner grocery keeper that sells it to them. At this time about the only way to 3scape from a condition where the maker of the butter will have noth ing to say about the making of the price is to learn to make butter so good that it will not have to be sold to the manufacturers of process butter. New Possibilities in Pump Irrigation. Much has already been said in these columns relative to irrigating small areas on the farm by means of pumps. Generally wind power has beea the force used and advocated. It has been taken for granted that any means of supplying water by pumping meant the supplying of it in sucn small quan tities at the time of pumping that it would have to be stored in reservoirs The White Grub Fungus (Cordyceps). Probably the most conspicuous fun gus which lives In Insects and one which attracts attention on account of its size, peculiar shape and occasional bright color, is Cordyceps. It attacks all orders of six-legged Insects and certain of the spiders, producing what is termed "vegetable sprout" This fungus, in one of its fruiting stages, covers the insect with a white growth or filaments similar to Sporotrichum, in fact it has been mistaken for Spor otrichum. This is the much more common form and has been given the name Isario. In the second fruiting stage, the fungus grows inside the grub of the May beetle or other Insect until it is ready to fruit, when one or more club-shaped bodies, often several inches long, grow outside. Inside these club-shaped bodies are numerous small pockets containing sacs filled with long, slender spores. At matur ity the spores leave the sacs and es cape to the ground through small openings in the club-shaped bodies. Just how the filaments from these spores gain an entrance into some in sect is probably not definitely known, but possibly by becoming attached to it as it crawls over the ground. Prof. John L. Sheldon. White Oleo at Illinois Fair. Probably It will do little good to remark that on tho state fair grounds at Springfield last week white oleo itargarino was being used freely by the restaurants. The writer saw hun dreds eating it, but heard no com plaint. It was evidently looked upon as quite the proper thing, when a cheap meal was being set up to the visitors. The people of course had the right to refuse to eat the oleo. or even to cat at the restaurants handling the oleo, but in that case they would simply have had to go without their dinners, on some of the days when the attendance was the largest. The use of white oleo at the time and place mentioned is but one straw pointing to the probability that white oleo is to become popular. The futuro verdict is going to be in this order of approval: Good butter, oleo, poor butter. The white oleo is going to outclass the poor butter. The maker of poor butter is to find him self at tho foot of the line as to rep tation and profits. Farmers Review. The Onior. Crop. Chas. P. Guelf. reviewing the reports on the onion crop all over the country. says: New England fill produce a crop approximately the same as last year. In New York, the surplus in Orange County will be required to make up the shortage in the northern part of the state, and give New York the same crop as last season. Ohio's surplus will be required to bring up Indiana's deficit, and the shortage in Michigan and the Chicago district, will, in our opinion, require more than the Indicated increase in Minnesota and Wisconsin to give them the crop of last year, and, published reports to the contrary notwithstanding, we can not figure on a crop to exceed that of last season in number of bushels har vested, and certainly not as good in quality of stock. The crop generally; Is very backward in maturing, bulbs ripening unevenly, and a considerable acreage is yet to be harvested. The quality of tlfe onions is not so good ad last year, though some fields show ex cellent stock, as a rule, however, the color is not up to the standard, yel lows and whites being more or less green in color, and in the districts which suffered from excessive rains, the keeping quality of the stock ia quite inferior, and good storage onions are at a premium; fancy storage red globes for the southern trade being exceptionally short Biggest Milker Not Always Best A cow produces 400 pounds butter In one year and she consumes $50 worth of feed; estimating the butter to bo worth 20 cents per pound, this gives you a gross Income of $S0; minus the $50 cost of feed, and we have a net profit of $30. Supposing another cow produces 300 pounds of butter and only consumes $25 worth of feed. We havo a gross Income of $60 or a net profit of $35. which is $5 more than the cow which produced 100 pounds more butter, which, with a herd or 20 or 30 cows, would amount to quite an item. These are figures which aro duplicated every year on a number of dairy farms. I think that the stockmen throughout the country aro realizing more fully each year the importance of a yearly record, and the insignificance of a weekly record. J. A. Danks. German utchers Not Envied. The butcher's occupation is no longer regarded In Germany as par ticularly remunerative. Monster Mushroom Is Found. Weight three ponds four ounces, cir cumference forty-five inches, is the de- A Bad Summer for Birds. After allowing for the damage which a few towns have sustained from tor nadoes, farmers have felt that they were the chief and almost the only sufferers by the uncertain, tempestu ous weather which has marked tho season we usually call summer, but which this year has had few of the characteristics of that torrid period. It would seem, however, that the lowpr orders of creation have suffered, too. In certain localities. One of the cor respondents of the Weather Bureau writes: "This has been a very hard season on our Iowa birds, and 1 think most of them have been killed by tho severe storms. After one storm in August many hundred dead birds wero picked up In this town. The blue bird seems to have stood the weather tho best of all the birds. Bluejays, black birds, woodpeckers, and all the snipo tribe are very scarce. Even the crow is not near as plenty as usual. Last season I could stand at my door and see thousands of blackbirds, to-day not one. The yellowhammers that gen erally gather in the timber when the first cold "north wind" comes in Sep tember are not here. I have been out this morning and counted the birds, !-saw two yellowhammers, six blue jays, ten bluebirds, six swallows and one small sand-3nipe. Last vear I scrintion of a monster mushroom gath ered at Braconash, near Norwich, Eng- could see more than ten thousand land. I Dlrds any morning in the month of September. It may be that toe reason they are not here is that there is no feed for them, but my judgment la that most of them have been killed by the storms." Fanners' Review. Many a good piece of ground has been worked up into a condition in which it was of no value for anything, by constant use as pasturage during rainy weather. The man that has a productive cran berry bog has a profitable investment Milk clean teats with dry Do not milk dirty teats at alL Feed regularly and liberally; water cowa with kindness; this is. the secret of saccess. A Co-operative Farm in Philadelphia, Out of the vacant lot farming in. Philadelphia has grown co-operativo farming on a small scale. Last year two of these farms were in existence one ot three acres and one of five acres. On tho farm of three acres tho expenditures were $184, and the re ceipts $363.90, a net of $179.90. That is pretty good farming for amateurs. The five-acre farm was farmed on shores, the men that farmed It being. given two-thirds of the receipts. Tho association for Its third of the receipts ; plowed the land and furnished seeds' I and fertlllze.-s. The net returns to tho I . association, after paying for the plow ing, seeds and fertilizers, was $101.50,." or $20.30 per acre. The farm on which the effort was purely co-operative gave the best results. The matter is of interest as showing the trend of pulp lie opinion as to the matter of bring ing idle land and idle labor together. Meadows should not be tramped by stock when the ground Is wet i . B : &l p 1 t ..! LT2k-2.f. .... ,, , tZLcg-T'"'-' " f.'flWjt VftT ; J.-.-. -- - -rrT3r? V-w, tyywwwwjyy