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About The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 5, 1902)
himi w- v !A-;vs---r '-i,vij -i:-j f- jry. T-iM.Tf.T,i"n: " I. -v T" if- " jj? I I' 61 1? PWcriS ?!"-- x- - . - - " j n - In i THE LOST tVhcn you have parsed, and earth, grown dark behind you. Lies far upon the outworn verge ot time. When my hand, searching, may no longer find you In any clime. If I but dream your step by hill or hollow Has lert Its echo falling on the wind. I will arise and gird myself and follow Though I be blind. Or If clear sighted. I shall but discover That. In the dew at dawn, your foot prints lie "Where, through long fields, the whistling of the plover Comes like a sigh. And should they lead me down to Death's MICHIGAN AT What part did Michigan take in the tattle of Gettysburg, the crowning vic tory of the civil war, and what was her loss? Of the seventeen loyal states engaged, her loss was the third in numbers and the flrst in the propor tion to the numbers -engaged. Tne following Michigan organizations, numbering 4.S34 men, were engaged at the battle of Gettysburg: First Michigan Infantry, Third Michigan In fantry, Fourth Michigan Infantry, Fifth Michigan Infantry, Sev enth Michigan Infantry, Six teenth Michigan Infantry and Twenty-fourth Michigan Infantry, Companies C, I, K and B, Berdan's Sharpshooters; Battery I, First Ar tillery; Michigan Brigade of Cavalry under the gallant Custer, consisting of the First Michigan Cavalry, Fifth Michigan Cavalry, Sixth Michigan Cavalry and Seventh Michigan Caval ry. Michigan had killed, wounded and missing, 1.131; lulled, 192. Many died afterwards from wounds receiv ed. In 1887 the legislature of Michigan appropriated $20,000 for monuments to be erected on the battlefield in the "A MONTANA BLUFF" What is regarded as one of the tall est "bluffs" on record furnished Capt Edgar Russell, chief signal officer in the Philippines during the insurrec tion, with a story, which he tells as an example of western nerve. "We were outside of Manila in some little scrap," said ie captain, "and about seventy-five natives were lying in a trench ahead of us, shoot ing away merrily, but not hitting any body. "By and by I noticed a little dis turbance in our front Presently four Montana troopers trotted out of our lines and started straight for the Fili pinos. Everybody looked at them with wonder, and waited to see them all killed. Bullets whistled all around them, but they never halted. "Slowly, just at a trot, they jogged GIRL MADE GOOD SOLDIER A story is told that while the Union, tinny was at and near Chattanooga, Col. Burke, of the Tenth Ohio, ex changed a large number of prisoners v.ith the rebels. The colonel noticed a particularly natty young soldier among those he received. The soldier gave the name "Frank Henderson, and raid "he" belonged to the Nineteenth Illinois. It developed that this soldier was a young girl, and that she and her brother at the outset of the war, bad enlisted in the Eleventh Illinois. The pair were orphans and were devoted to each other. She could not bear the thought of being separated from the brother who had been her only companion from babyhood. At ethc expiration of her enlistment for - three months in this regiment she was WHEN STEEDMAN LAUGHED "Among the Ohio Democrats who were in the army early," said the cap tain, "was Gen. James B. Stcedman, and he has a monument at Toledo. Steedman had been a canal contractor and a '49er, and was given to rough usage of men, and when his regiment, the Fourteenth Ohio, was organized, the boys did not take kindly to their colonel's rough language and ready profanity. On one occasion he order ed a sergeant on duty to remove a pile of cracker boxes from a particu lar spot in camp and to do it as quick as the Lord would let him, as he had decided that his own tent must stand just where some infernal idiot had placed the boxes. "The sergeant, irritated, but not THE FOURTH One of the most famous organiza tions in Washington on the occasion of the Grand Army encampment was the Fourth Army corps. The corps was distinctly a fighting machine. It was born of a great battle. It obtained its name and . splendid birthright from the consolida tion of the Twentieth and Twenty first army corps, which had been re duced in numbers on account of dis ease and battle losses, after Chicka mauga. No body of defenders of the Union saw and bore more of the brunt of the great struggle than this organi ABRAHAM LINCOLN'S WATCH WSen the news reached Washing .ton in April, 1SG1, that Fort Sumter was under fire, John Dillon, an expert watchmaker, then working for the Arm of M. W. Gait & Bro., was repair ing the president's watch. When the work was done, he scratched under the dial and on the plates of the watch the words: "First gun is fired! Thank God we have a president who at least will try to save tie Union!" A removal of the dial, which, of course must be doce by a watchmak- er, will reveal the scratched words. It Is a gold hunting case watch of Eng lish make, and, as Mr. Dillon was told and believes, it was the only watch that Abraham Lincoln ever wore. No doubt it is still preserved in the Lincoln family, with the scratch Ins. aboVe given, under the dial. Gen. Wheeler's Career. In speaking of the chummy atten tions which Gen. Lord Roberts, com mander in chief of the British army, is paying to Gen. "Joe" Wheeler, the Washington Tines says "that every bony north and south will be glad of the facts," and adds: "Joseph Wheeler TRACK. black river And. by the rocks I hear the -whirlpools spin. Though heart and soul shall quail and body quiver. I will wade In. O Heart! beyond the tumult of the cross ing If there should be no voice nor any trace. Only strange winds on leagues of grasses tossing And the wide space. Only Eternity with worlds to wander, A fcoul among the unknown 4ouls of men' -.. And. O my heart, no clue, no footprint j onder. What then? What then? GETTYSBURG different positions held by the differ ent organizations. The Infantry regi ments' monuments cost each $1,350, the sharpshootors, $500 each, the bat tery $1,000 and the cavalry brigade, one monument, cost $5,400. The First Michigan monument is located on what is known on the battlefield as "The Loup;' the Third Michigan In fantry in the Peach Orchard; " the Fourth Michigan Infantry in the Wheatfield; the Fifth Michigan In fantry on Cemetery Ridge; the Six teenth Michigan Infantry on Little Round Top; the Twenty-fouth Michi gan Infantry in Reynolds Grove near Willowby Run; the Sharpshooters on Little Round Top; the Battery Monu ment on Cemetery Ridge; the monu ment of the Cavalry Brigade located on Runnel's Farm, about three miles east of the village of Gettysburg. The monuments were dedicated on the 12th of June, 1889. They are a credit to our noble state, and the people of Michigan can take a just pride in her volunteer soldiers who fought in this glorious battle and the grand monu ments erected to their memory on the battlefield of Gettysburg. D. G Crotty, in Detroit Free Press. on toward the enemy. The natives fired and fired, but for some unknown reason did not hit. On and on went the quartet, disdaining cover. "At last, there was a shout, and, to our utter astonishment, we beheld the seventy-five Filipinos jump out of their trenches and take to their heels in mad flight The nerve of the Mon tana troopers was too much for them. "When they had all fled, throwing their rifles away as they ran, the troopers came back, their arms full ni guns. That is what the army has come to call 'a Montana bluff.' It's a sort of nerve that lets a man open a jackpot on a pair of deuces." New York Tribune. Nothing is so great an instance of ill-manners as flattery. Swift mustered out, and next enlisted in th Third Illinois, where her sex was no! discovered. In that regiment she made a most excellent record, bul being wounded in one of the engage ments, she was again discharged and sent home, only to re-enlist in the Nineteenth Illinois. She served in all the battles of Col. O'Mara's regiment and finally was taken prisoner at Holly Springs. The girl soldier was taken to Atlan ta, Ga. There in attempting to escape she was shot in the leg, but even in her confinement to the prison hospital her sex was not discovered. Aftct recovering from the wound inflicted by the prison guard she was sent to Graysville, where she was exchanged She was sent to her Illinois home. frightened, looked over the ground returned, saluted, and asked, 'Where will you have the boxes put, colonel?' The colonel rose in his wrath and told the sergeant he was a blankety blank fool. The sergeant . saluted again and said: 'But where will you have the boxes put, colonel?' Steedman roared: 'Take them away, man, I don't care where; take them to hell.' To this the imperturbable sergeant replied with a salute, 'Excuse me, colonel, but wouldn't they be more out of your way and less likely to trouble you again if I took them to heaven?' Steedman was amazed, but he turned his back on the sergeant to laush in the face of his adjutant as he murmured, 'Take him away.'"- ARMY CORPS zation. It consisted of seventy-six regiments of infantry and nine bat teries of artillery, who bore their colors to the front on many a hotly contested field. The states represented in the corps were as follows: Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Mis souri, Kansas and Wisconsin. The three divisions of the corps were com manded by Major Generals Devid S. Stanley. Philip H. Sheridan, and Thomas J. Wood. General Granger soon gave place to Gen. O. O. Howard, and Sheridan to Gen. John Newton. is one of the unique figures in Ameri can history. Commander of the cav alry forces of the confederacy at 26 welding that unequaled army of rough riders into a weapon that was always hitting where least expected, he fought bravely, resourcefully and ef fectively untn fighting was at an end, and then he brought out his good com mon sense and proceeded to become a notable figure in civil life." Helping to Bridge the Chasm. The appeal issued by Gen. Eli Tor rance commander in chief of the Grand Army of the Republic, asking the members of the order to con ?,J! ,toward buil"S the - . U4 v.uaieuerate veterans at Mis sion Creek, Ala., has in it the emt nently practical kind of sentiment that is solid and substantial. By helping to build the home for their former foemen the union veterans will be able to show that they are in earnest in their nrofessions nf nmitr ..j r . desire to show their heartiest respect ! ui me mea, wsu, nowever mistaken in the cause for which they took up arms, were undoubtedly sincere and conscientious. Curse Said to Rest on Possessor of Diamond. The large diamond which Mr. Era ser took with him when he left South Africa has a very curious history. It originally belonged to Meshhesh, a Basuto chief, from whom it was ex torted by T'Chaka, the Zulu king. r'Chaka's brother killed him and stole it The brother came to grief, and the gem passed Into the possession of a Zulu chief, who soon afterwards was assassinated. The natives say that no less than sixteen of the suc cessive possessors of "the diamond either were killed or driven out of the country. The diamond was then seen by white men, who set out to get it A party of whites attacked the natives who had the stone and a fierce fight ensued, in which 300 lives, mostly na tive, were lost Memela, a native chief, took the gem and concealed it in a wound which he had received in battle. Af terwards Memela was caught by the Boers and set to work as a slave. Kru ger, hearing his story, released him, and in gratitude Memela gave the stone to his liberator. Some years passed,and thenKrugcrshared the fate Accident on Gallows Looked On as an Omen. "Although I never saw but one hanging, I witnessed a sight that even professional hangmen have not seen," said A. A. Albrechton of Columbus, Miss. "It was at my home. A young Mississippian named Purdy had been convicted of murder in the first de gree and sentenced to hang. The evi dence was wholly circumstantial, and before he was accused of that crime the young man had borne an excellent reputation. He was also connected by marriage with some of the best people in the state. "Nevertheless, he was sentenced to hang and the governor would not re prieve him. There were two factions in the community, one believing him guilty, and the other considering him innocent The latter talked of rescue, but it was all talk. "The scaffold was not inclosed and when young Purdy ascended the gal lows he walked erect and fearless. He denied his guilt and all who saw him were compelled to admit his bearing was that of an innocent man. The black cap was pulled over his face, the sheriff pulled a lover, and the next MMMAMnAAMAAMAAMAnAAMMWWWVAWWMAMWMMMMMMW Circus Giant the Cause of Destructive Flood. "The greatest of all giants," said the old circus man, "was a great feller for goin in bathing; he never neglected a chance for that " But at the same time he had to use some sort of gumption, or we had to use it for him, about where he went in, on account of the danger there was from overflows caused by his displace ment of the water. I well remember how we first came to realize this. "About twenty rods or so below the show's winter quarters there was a little pond formed by damming a brook that ran through our place. There was a small grist mill on this pond, turned by one of those old fashioned overshot water wheels. "The giant walked down to this lit tle pond one warm spring day just be fore we took the road that year, never thinking for a minute of what must happen if he jumped into a small body of water like that suddenly and plunged in. "Snakes and alligators! The pond MWtfWWWWWWWWSAAAAAWASW FIREPLACE AS A MONUMENT. Structure Recently Erected in an Eastern Graveyard. In the old Smith gravejard, in the town of Windham. Me. which con tains eighteen graveyards Charles H. Hunnewell has set up an extra ordinary monument. In the middle of the lot he has set up on a brick case a large iron open fireplace, with the long crane hanging in the upper part. "This fireplace did duty for years in the old Hunnewell house, which is still occupied by Mr. Hunnewell and his family " says the Kennebec Jour nal. "I he old bricks in front of the fireplace are the ones originally used in the house, as arc the andirons which impart to this strange monu ment such a if the word is permis sible in this connection hospitable look. The frame which is inserted in this great open fireplace contains a printed record of eight generations of Hunnewells, or from 1654 to Nov. 1, 1901, a period of 247 years. In addi tion, the frame contains surrounding the family record on all sides pictures of some of the oxen, sows, hogs and poultry owned by Mr. Hun newell and which drew prizes at the fairs. There is also a large picture representing a farm scene in winter. The frame contains pictures of seven hens, two hogs, four cows, six oxen in seven pictures, and one group pic ture of various domestic animals. A New York Police Captain. A police captain who was dismissed from the force this week was respons ible for many amusing stories based on his use or misuse of words, says the New York Evening Post. Once he asserted that he "never paid any attention to unanimous letters." On another occasion he is said to have re ferred to his possession of a "vera cious" appetite. Third avenue, he told a man one day, "runs paralyzed to Lexington avenue." At another time, one story goes, he was reading to an outgoing platoon a list of some clothing that had been reported stolen. One item was a kersey coat. "Next on the list, men," he an nounced, in his rich brogue, "is a ker osene coat" It was this captain who directed a patrolman to open a win dow in the station house and "putrefy the air." It was not this captain, but a ser geant now dead, who, while testifying in a trial at police headquarters, asked permission of the commission er to correct his testimony, saying: "Mr. Commissioner, I wish to re tract the veracity of my former state ment" "Tie Folly to be Wise." I hold it to be a fact that if all per sons knew what they said of each oth er, there would not 'be four friends in the world. Pascal. Children in Southern Mills. It is said that the Southern textile mills employ 50,000 children under six teen years of age. which had overtaken all the former possessors of the diamond who had net been killed he was driven from power and forced to leave his native country. Where the fatal diamond is now is not certain, though It is known that the ex-president of the Transvaal has parted with it Some say that It is in the coffers of the Vatican, and seme that it was sold to the Emperor of Austria, and is among the crown jewels at Vienna. It is said to be 2C0 carats in weight, but is not perfect Its history is one which would not recommend it as a talisman to anyone of a superstitious turn of mind. It is almost as grue some a possession as that hideous lit tle Indian idol, the destruction of which Mme. Carnot ordered in her will. This Idol was given to Presi dent Carnot by a friend, who laughing ly told him a legend attached to it which was to the effect that its posses sion would attain supreme power and then die by the knife. The idol had belonged to the Rajahs of Khadjurao, of whom five certainly perhaps more died by the knife of the assassin. we saw was a man getting up from the ground, snatching the black cap from his head and declaring dramat ically: 'God has proved my lnno cence.' "The rope had broken. That was enough. Former enemies turned into adherents, and before the sheriff could again take his prisoner to the gallows and get another rope he was in the center of a crowd of thousands of people, all of whom were swearing there were not sheriffs enough in Mississippi to hang an innocent man. "Purdy was taken home, and an es cort of 250 armed and determined men went with him and remained until there was no danger of any further proceedings being taken. Without any legal formalities the matter was al lowed to drop and Purdy is living eighteen miles from Columbia, res pected and happy. "Joy almost killed his wife when she saw him alive at the time she ex pected his corpse to be brought home To say Purdy is guilty is now almost as much as a man's life is worth down there." overflowed all around, and started the grist mill off its foundations and car ried away the old wheel it was like a flood you know, of course, down there at that end and done about $750 damages. "Well! That opened our eyes you know, to the necessity of using some sort of caution about where to let the giant go in swimmin'. Obviously, it wouldn't do for us to let him jump in anywhere, into any little bit of a pond that we might come across; it would cost us too much money. "And so he and the eld man bad an understanding that he wouldn't go in any where without the old man's per mission; and we used to keep him out of the water all we could after that, except when we showed at toms on the Great Lakes, or at places on the coast." Many a woman who makes a man a mighty poor wife makes him a rich husband. WW MAKING A WISE CHOICE. Minister Wanted Was One With the Soundest Lungs. The parish kirk of Driechton had been rather unfortunate in its minis ters, two of them having gone off in decline within a twelvemonth of their appointment, and now, after hearing a number of candidates for the vacancy, the members were looking forward with keen interest to the meeting at which the election of the new ministei was to take place, says the Scottish American. "Weel, Marget," asked one female parishioner of another as they fore gathered on the road one day, "wha are yau gaun to vote for?" "I'm just thinkin' I'll vote for none o' them. I'm no muckle o' a judge, an' it'll be the safest plan," was Mar get's sagacious reply. "Toots, woman, if that's the way o't, vote wi' me." "An' hoo are you gaun to vote?" "I'm gaun to vote for the man that I think has the soundest lungs an' 'II no' bother us wi' deein' again in a hurry." Latest Bernhardt Joke. A. H. Canby, the well known theat rical manager, was a Philadelphia newspaper man when Sarah Bern hardt first visited this city. Nothing amazed theatergoers more than the great actress' extreme slimness of fig ure; and the newspapers were given to the printing of comic paragraphs, about her. Canby, who had not had the opportunity to see her perform' ances, met a friend in Chestnut street one afternoon, and was told that Bern hardt was sitting in a carriage that was then standing in front of a flor ist's, awaiting the return of her maid, who had been sent inside for flowers. "I should like to see her," said Can by. "Well, walk down the street past the carriage and turn and look through the glass part of the door, he was advised. He sauntered away, but returned looking very disappointed. "Well?" asked his friend. "I looked in, but saw nothing," an swered Canby. "That's she," he was then informed Philadelphia Ledger. Old-Time Chess Player. Carl August Walbrodt, whose death is reported from Berlin, was one o) the well-known masters of modern chess and among the Germans was ranked second only to Tarrasch. He was only 30 years old, yet had been 8 conspicuous player for about a dozed years. His early successes were re markable and unbroken until 1894. when he was beaten by Tarrasch He was a player of the intuitive sort and could never be induced to take up the profound theoretical studies in which most German chess players de light Some women show their age and some cover it with a coat of paint iwcyE jrfWfS Farms and Farm Products. Census bulletin No. 237 treats of (arms, acres, crops and values. A farm, as defined by the twelfth census, includes all the land under one management used for raising crops md pasturing live stock, with the wood lots, swamps, meadows, etc., con nected therewith. It also includes the louse in which the farmer resides, ind all other buildings used by him n connection with his farming opera Jons. The farms of the United States, lune 1, 1900, numbered 5,739.657. These farms occupied 841.201,546 teres, 414,703,191 acres being improved ind 426,408,355 acres unimproved, rhey were valyed at 116,674,690,247. Machinery and farm implements were valued at 1761,261.550, and live stock it $3,078,050,041. Ihese values, added to that of the farms, gives $20,514,001. 338 as the amount of capital invested in farms in this country. The total value of farm products for the year 1899 was $4,739,118,752, of which amount $1,718,990,221. or 36.3 per cent represents the value of ani mal products and $3,020,12S,531, or 63.7 per cent, the value of crops, in cluding forest products cut or pro duced on farms. The total value of farm products for 1899 exceeds that reported for 1889 by $2,279,011,298, or 92.6 per cent This large increase is partly due to a more complete and detailed enumeration in 1990 than in 1890. Dakota Vetch. Herewith we illustrate Dakota Vetch (Lotus Americanus). This is a plant native to Dakota, Kansas and other states of the Northwest It is one of the valuable forage plants of the ranges. The United States Depart ment of Agriculture has made a thor ough investigation of this plant and recommends it for cultivation. In DAKOTA VETCH.' some parts of the West It grows in vast quantities, and the seed could be easily gathered and a start made in its cultivation. It is bushy-branched, about a foot high, with small, yellow ish flowers, and slender pods about an inch long. How to Prevent Forest Fires. The above is the question that Is en gaging the attention of a good many people, especially those that are inter ested in forestry. Minnesota has made more experiments in this line than probably any other state. Her great forests have been so many times fire swept that the legislature has taken a very keen interest in how to save them. One plan, now being tried, is have the whole population organized as a fire brigade. The supervisors in any town can call on all males over 18 years of age, whenever fire breaks out The idea Is that such a fire must be checked promptly, even if it takes the whole population to do it It is said that no great forest fire has ever been stopped while abundant material remained to feed it Against a great forest fire the efforts of man are puny. The unbearable heat prevents men from getting near enough to throw water on the flames. If the trees in its path be drenched with water, the water is almost instantly evaporated by the terrific heat of the in-coming fire-wave. It is therefore seen that all the efforts must be made to pre vent such disasters. And disasters they are, affecting every person in the nation. Had taere been no great for est fires during the last fifty years it is altogether probable that the price of lumber would not be rsore than half what it is at the present time. More over, the sources of the streams be ing covered where they are now bare would have saved numerous destruc tive floods and washouts. When it Is remembered that single forest fires de stroy more timber than is used for commerce during a year's time, and when we remember that the number of such fires in fifty years is legion. we can see Uat the results of the con flagrations are far-reaching. It is difficult to see how forest fires can be prevented without more or less of public control. When a multitude of people claim ownership along the edge of a great forest there is no way of preventing the owners from starting fires on their premises, which later get beyend control. In Germany the Government long ago assumed the ownership of both public and private forests. Forest fires are especially guarded against in some cases by what might be calldd fire-lanes through the woods. The wood after having been cut over must be so han dled that the brush and dead trees will not remain on the ground to form kindling wood for destructive confla grations. Some Potato Experiments. At the Missouri Experiment Station experiments have been carried on to determine the relative value of seed potatoes raised in that locality and of seed potatoes brought from the North. In the agricultural museum, in tall glass jars, are shown the results. They represent three distinct sets of experiments with three varieties of potatoes. The results are quite uni form. In each case the yield from the Northern-grown tubers was double that of the yield from Southern-grown tubers. This seems to prove the case, but Prof. Waters thinks that it does not prove it but that more experi ments are necessary. It does, how ever, prove that with seed potatoes as ordinarily handled the Northern po tatoes are far more valuable for plant ing in the South thui are potatoes grown in te ome latitude. The nrc- f$ if h v Jlv A f essor says that possibly the Northern grown potato possesses more vitality, than does the Sonthem-srown potato, even when the latter is produced and kept in the most ideal manner, but this remains to be demonstrated. He suggests that other factors than the vitality of the seed may be at the hot torn of the wide difference in results. The Northern-grown seed has been matured more slowly and is kept in a lower temperature than is the Southern-grown seed. When spring comes it is taken out of its cold stor age, of whatever kind, and is crisp and fresh. All its vigor has been kept over from the previous season, and it goes to work to send up stalks and form new tubers. On the other hand the Southern potato grows quickly and matures early in the season. It is taken out of the ground while the weather is still warm and is not put into cold storage. It begins to evap orate moisture and to lose vigor. By mid-winter It is sprouting, and when planted in the spring generally has had a nmmber of sprouts removed. Missouri is too far north to permit of using the "second crop" potatoes, which are used for seed further south. It is suggested that by planting pota toes in Missouri much later than they do at present the crop might be brought to maturity just before frost, and these potatoes might be kept over in good condition till spring. At the present time the preponderance of testimony seems to bo in favor of the Northern-grown seed. It would be an interesting experiment to have potato crops grown from both Northern grown seed and seed from the "sec ond crop" at the South. The South has never been able to grow white po tatoes in large quantities. It may yet be found that the fault is in the con dition of the seed. If either from better-kept Southern seed or from seed brought from the North, the South can double ths yield per acre of its white potatoes, it may greatly stimu late the growing of this crop there. Farmers' Review. Irrigating With Steam Pumps. Some very important experiments in irrigating by means of pumps have been recently made at the Arizona station. The water was pumped from a well six inches in diameter and 48 feet deep. A communication from the station says: One six-inch well 48 feet deep, with a slotted strainer located in a 12-foot gravel stratum, furnished over 800 gallons of water per minute, or some thing over 6,400 cubic feet per hour. During this run 6 3-10 acres of alfalfa were irrigated in 23 hours and 45 minutes at a cost of about $1.30 an acre for fuel. Since at this season of the year alfalfa is usually irrigated once in from fourteen to twenty-one days, it is' quite probable that twice the quantity of water was required for this irrigation that would have been required under nor mal conditions. Taking this as probably true, the cost of irrigating alfalfa would amount to about 65 cents per acre under normal condi tions of dryness and frequency. The following figures are based on a cost of about $2.25 a cord for weed. Computations from the data ob tained from the tests that have been made will no doubt be of interest, though incomplete, and are given be low. Cost of fuel for irrigating alfalfa, covering the surface of the ground: One inch deep, 19 l-2c per acre; 2 inches deep, 39c per acre; 3 inches deep, 581-2c per acre; 6 inches deep. $1.17 an acre. Area that could be irrigated in 24 hours, covering the surface of the ground: One inch deep, 42 acres; 2 inches deep, 21 acres; 3 inches deep, 14 acres; 6 inches deep, 7 acres. Size of farm that could be Irrigated by running 24 hours each day if an irrigation be given to the successive fields every fourteen days, covering the surface of the ground: Two inches deep, 294 acres; 3 inches deep, 196 acres; 6 inches deep, 98 acres. Size of farm that could be irrigated by running 10 hours each day if an irrigation be given to the successive fields every 14 days, covering the sur face of the ground: Two inches deep, 1221-2 acres; 3 inches deep, 81 2-3 acres; 6 inches deep, 40 4-5 acres. J. J. Vernon. Nitrogen Compounds. Nitrogen is the bottled wine of the vegetable feast If the term stimulant can be applied to any organization destitute of a nervous system, then nitrogen is the stimulant of plant life. In any of its combined forms it gives depth of color and exuberance of growth to vegetable life, and when in abundant supply it causes the plant to break forth into riotouc growth. The great reservoir of nitrogen is tho air, but the leaves of plants though constantly bathed in nitrogen cannot drink in a particle. It Is only nitrogen in combination that can be appropri ated by the plant and this enters the plant by the roots and comes through the soil. A small amount is brought to the soil by the rain, washing out the ammonia and nitrates of the air, but the amount is not large and en tirely inadequate to supply a crop. A large amount of active nitrogen in the form of nitrates is yearly formed in every well cultivated field, and this is the cheapest way of securing a supply of this costliest element of plant growth. The raising of leguminous crops, like the clovers, is the next cheapest way of securing a supply. Combined nitrogen is purchased in three forms; salts of ammonia, nitrate of soda, and organic nitrogen in the form of dried blood, fish scraps, cot ton seed meal, etc. Bulletin 202, Mich igan Station. Good Advice. A Minnesota paper has this to say in regard to a proposed creamery: "There is considerable talk about a creamery at Fish Lake. It won't pay at that point. It needs more cows, more set tlers, better roads, and is too far from station." If what the paper says is true, then its advice is good. There is only cne case in which a creamery should be started before enough milk is secured to make it a success, and that is when a creamery has enough capital to enable it to run for some years at a loss, in which case it can afford to wait some years for a crop of calves to develop into cows. It takes time even for a creamery tc revolutionize a community of farmers. Men do not readily get down to milk ing cows. But If the people themselves are lacking, the case becomes still more doubtful as to success. It cer tainly has proven in the past a mis take to locate under such conditions. A drain here and there on the farm will immensely increase the value of the property, especially in wet sex- Goats' Milk the Fad. Slansas City Star: "The time is jsming when Kansas City, like Paris, will live on goat's milk. The harass ing early cry of the morning milk man will give way to the Joyous bleat ing of the goat as she is driven up to the back door. Our babies and our grown people will be healthy, and there will be an end to consumption." These predictions were made the other day by Dr. E. R. Allen, the first government meat inspector in Kansas City, now a goat fancier in charge of the model goat farm at Electric Park. "You needn't turn up your nose as my wife did when I brought home my flrst milk goat You'll get over it as she did, and you'll drink goat's milk as she did, and you'll enjoy It There are more people drinking goat's milk in Kansas City to-day than you have tiny idea of, and there will be more of them right along. Every morning you will find carriages driving up to Electric Park bearing women with their babie and if you could see them relish the goat milk when they drink it. babies and mothers alike, you would not smile at my prediction, why, wo have 120 goats on the farm hero and we milk about seventy of them. The goats average from one to three quarts a day each, and yet we cannot supply all our trade. I have sent to W. T. Mclntyre, who owns these goats, to send two hundred moro milkers from his ranch. "We established the government in spection here in '91," said Mr. Allen, "and' during my time at the stock yards and packing houses we inspect ed thousands upon thousands of goats that were slaughtered. After several years my attention was brought to the fact that in all those thousands of goats that had been inspected not one diseased goat had been found. We gave them three inspections, an anti mortem. a post-mortem, and a micro scopic inspection. It seemed remark able to me that there was not at least one diseased goat in all these num bers, for we found many unhealthy cattle, and this fact first made me in terested in the little milkers. "At that time the packing company was slaughtering goats by the thou sands, but the prejudice was so strong against the goat that their meat was placed on the market as "prime mut ton" and was very popular. Since the banquet at the stock yards a year ago, when nothing but" goat meat was served, the prejudice has gradually disappeared and you will now find 'Angora venison in almost every mar ket. These goats we have here are Mexican milk goats, but most of them are crossed with Angora. "It has been several years since I have drank or used in any way cow's milk. During our meat inspection at the stockyards we frequently came across cows that were sent down by dairymen to be slaughtered because they bad ceased to be valuable as dairy cows. The dairymen said they had 'bad udders' and when we came to kill them we found the udder was hard and caked. A microscopic exam ination showed that the 'bad udder was full of tuberculosis germs, and we were horrified to find that these germs were in a position to mingle with ev ery bit of milk given by the cow. That startled me and I never used cow's milk again. I went before the council to urge not only a rigid in spection of milk sold by all dairies, but also a rigid inspection of the cows in these dairies. The matter was taken up. but it got lost in the maze of politics. Goat's milk has all the properties of cow's milk, with the added value of absolute purity. The cream in the milk does not separate as it does in the cow's milk, but it is very rich in butter fat, and when but ter is made the milk is churned with out skimming. Excellent checso can he made from the goat's milk." Machinery in Creameries. An expert in creamery management says: Refrigerators arc often too large and not well built, causing the waste f large quantities of ice. IJamp, moldy refrigerators are a com mon source of loss. In covering ice in the icehouse, wet sawdust, or an In sufficient quantity is often used, re sulting in rapid melting of the Ice. Improper lining of shafting, light shifting or too few hangers cause in crease in friction and loss of power. Tho same results follow where the belts are not run at the proper ten sions. The overloading of machin ery results in increased wear and tear, if nothing more serious happens. Sufficient oil, and no more than will Keep the hearings properly lubricated, should he used. The experienced creamery man should have his ear so attuned to tho ordinary noise of the machinery that he will quickly detect any unusual sound, so that he may find out the cause in time to pre vent an expensive and annoying breakdown. Very frequently machin ery is in use that absorbs a great deal of po-'er in doing little work, as where an engine, shafting and pump h..ve to be run to elevate skim milk from the separator. Leaking unions and valves waste steam, and should be attended to. Common valves, that cannot be kept tight, should not be used where high pressure steam is tarried. The boxes and hearings of the en gine should be kept carefully adjust ed and lubricated, and the slide valve should be set to cut off at the proper place in the stroke. For heating It is often possible to use exhaust steam, which will effect a consider able saving. In using exhaust steam a back pressure valve should be placed on the direct exhaust pipe of the engine. Besides the indirect waste of fuels that has been indicat ed, there are more direct wastes on account of boilers not being properly bricked in, and by having boilers im properly set; by allowing them to get scaly and dirty, also through prim ing. Milk Adulteration Abroad. Doubtless wherever milk is sold it :S adulterated to a considerable extent. It has been commonly supposed that adulterations of all kinds were less common than in other countries. If this is so. it seems not to apply to :iik. The English authorities, how ever, keep after the men that are prac ?cing the adulterations and seem to catch a good many of the culprits. The :3icials have ever reported that it is co easy matter to get hold of adulter ated milk, as the sellers will not dis pose of anything but the pure article to strangers. In some of the English :owns the percentage of adulterated milk runs as high as 16 per cent. Much it the milk is aduitreated on the rail way trains, when being transferred to 'he cities and towns. A Criticism on Irish Creameries. Lack of storage is common in many creameries, and it Is nothing unusual to find salt and parchment piled up in the main dairy quite damp, says a writer in the Irish Homestead. The engine room has also been used for storing salt, and we have heard of a creamery equipped with a special storeroom In which salt was stored, an ordinary oil lamp being placed on top of one of the sacks of salt Some much neglected articles in the dairy are the copper lids of heaters, and tho various brass cocks and valves in use. These are never polished and in time become quite dark and discol ored. What a contrast to those in Danish creameries, where everything is polished and shining! The new milk strainer and milk delivery pipe from the tank to the heater are very often neglected the latter especially can be found coated inside with de composing milk. The lubrication of machines should receive more atten tion. We have often seen lubricators on shafting quite empty, and the grease cups on bearings of churns, cream lifters, milk heaters, etc.. in the same condition. In a future ar ticle we hope to deal In detail with the question of proper care in the working of the various machines found in a perfectly equipped dairy. Now, as regards the "organization of work" in the creamery, the successful working of which so much depends on the application of the various forces necessary. In all business con cerns there must be a certain degree of discipline and attention to detail in order to insure success, and .no where is the lack of these so apparent as in creameries. Managers should fix on certain hours on which em ployes are to commence work, stop for dinner, etc. The writer has seen the entire work of a dairy dislocated be cause an engine driver happened to be an hour late in the morning. The employes should be trained to take each other's places, if necessary, and the manager should qualify himself to do any work in the dairy, from the care of an engine, separators, etc., to the churning and working of butter. It is the lack of this knowledge on the part of some managers which is responsible for the partial failure of some societies. In order to get work properly done by his assistants a manager must be a judge of good work, and the best judgment is that which is founded on practical' experi ence, gained while engaged in that particular work. A Splendid Apple Butter. From Farmers Review: A modern way of cooking apple butter with less work and a great deal better than the old-fashioned way is the following, which method we have used for many years: Take good, ripe, sweet apples for. making the cider, cook cider as soon as convenient in a well-cleaned copper kettle holding a barrel or more. For 20 gallons of cider peel and core 15 gallons of sweet or sour apples, tho latter making the finest butter, as they cook better. As soon as your cider is well skimmed put in your apples and boil rapidly. Put in lump of butter to keep from going over in the fire. Cook down to about 15 gallons, being very careful not to let it burn. Keep it stirred with long-handled stirrer, when done put in from 45 to 50 pounds granulated sugar. If sour apples are used it will take more, but each one can sweeten to taste; then boil 15 min utes longer until sugar is well dis solved, pour In gallon crocks, and store in a cool room and it will keep very well. A good sign to tell when it is cooked enough Is when it is poured in crocks it will cook out several little yellow bubbles in different places. A handy little article In making ap ple butter is a stick marked to tell how many gallons are in the kettle. To do this put in your kettle 5 gallons and mark, then make a notch for 10 gallons and so on. It is quite handy when you want to know when it 13 cooked enough. M. A. Graber. Danger in Unwashed Milk Cans. There is danger in unwashed milk cans. In both Philadelphia and West Point scarlet fever has in tho past been spread by means of milk bottles, which, after being emptied, were per mitted to stand unwashed in houses where the diseaso was. But dirty cans are more likely to prove carriers of tho disease for several reasons. One la that large cans In which are seams and perhaps corrosions are more likely to harbor germs than are bottles. Tho acid of milk affects metal, but not glass. Cans left unwashed for days at a time quickly get into a state In which they cannot be successfully washed. Recently a milk Inspector in Buffalo turned his attention to tho great depots where milk is delivered. To his surprise he found dhat very many of the cans that had been used in peddling milk from wagons were returned to the farmers without wash ing. In some cases there would be a car load of these unwashed cans. It is probable that cities will pass laws compelling the washing of milk cans before they are sent back to the farm ers. A daily washing of such cans In some city establishments where steam could be used would doubtless improve tho condition of the city's milk supply, as it is certain that many oi the cans in question never are properly washed, but day after day carry old milk ferments into the new milk. Potash Manure. The best and chcanest is that neglected home product wood ashes. These contain an average of five per cent of potash, besides a sensiblo amount of phosphate, and a very I&rgo amount of carbonates of lime and mag nesia; they are an all-round plant manure so far as mineral matter Is concerned, supplying each ash ele ment Unless the farmer can bring into active form the great store of potash in his soil, he will then have to buy the German potash salts, the muriate or sulphate. These salts are yearly coming into greater prominence as potash fertilizers, but their sale in Michigan in separate form has not been large. The influence of potash on plant life is masterful; no plant can grow without it, and Its influence in developing the carbohydrates aM maturing fruits, is marked and appar ently controlling. "v It pays to keep the bams in good condition. A farm can be kepfup only by constant attention. A littitf work must be done year by year. Better mak mistak'a than da3 nae--' - s - f r-v - ii ISnT, , 1-S.'3WK iUS3f. .,' . ,.i!C -'wr&vv'3tsaEaFaias3eti L&SV-tZt'K A-l3steu - --'- tSfSaiKSSA! eSkv.,tr.s'li. t-'fi aft-Ot. fc -, rv . 7fi . r - 4
