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THE OLD
. To one forcpent with stress of trado
And schemes of gain In city marts.
There comes a breath of country hay
Wafted from the passing carts.
Fades the long line of brick and stone.
The street's rude tumutt dies away.
From money-Betting for a space
Ills soul cries holiday.
Kansas In 1855
Benjamin J. Rice of Pasadena. Cal..
struck the "firing line" in 1855. A
very warm portion of the line was
' then located in Kansas. Those were
the days when the world first began
to hear of Capt John Brown, whose
devotion to the cause of liberty cost
faim his life. Capt Brown had only
recently Joined his five stalwart sons
in Kansas and he had fallen naturally
into the leadership of the men who
opposed the border ruffians and those
determined to make Kansas a slave
holding state.
In the locality in which Rice lived
was one John Hamilton, or as he was
known. "Capt Hamilton." Hamilton
allied himself to those who stood for
good order and freedom, and was con
sidered one of the most ardent sup
porters of the cause to which Rico
was committed, and on several occa
sions had Joined in the raids against
the ruffians. It occurred that several
of the settlers. Rice included, fell un
der the ban of the ruffians and they
were obliged to go into hiding. Rico
left his home and slept in a house
several miles away. One night ho
was awakened by a tumultuous rap
ping at the door and sprang from his
bed. grabbed bis gun and demanded
to -know what was wanted.
-j iv. Mm Anmm ttio orchard nath.
Last to Leave Field
1 remember a case," says an old
soldier, "in which a fellow who was
last to leave the field lived to fight
in a good many battles. The night
after Chlcamauga Col. Dan McCook's
brigade of the reserve corps fell back
to Rossville Gap, on the Lafayette
road, and went into position on each
aide of the gap to cover the main
army, concentrated just inside the
gap. The next day we were on a
close lookout for the enemy, and any
thing or any man coming down the
Lafayette road stood a pretty fair
chance of getting' shot There were
40,000 rebs in front, and we expected
an attack any minute. Late in the
afternoon we saw coming down the
Lafayette road a man severely wound
ed, using an old paling from a fence
as a crutch and leading a mule that
seemed wounded in all four legs.
"The boys looked for a time in si
lent wonder. On came the hobbling
man and the limping mule. As the
two camo up in line with the Eighty
sixth Illinois regiment, the boys near
the road asked the man where he
came from and what was the situa
tion at the front, and if he was in
command of the force he was leading.
He made no reply, but hobbled on.
Soldiers in a. Frolic
Vtera.fi
"An army in frolicsome mood was
a great spectacle," says a writer in
the Chicago Inter Ocean. "There was
no disorder. There was no break in
the ranks. Regiment after regiment
moved forward in regular formation
like well-oiled parts of a great ma
chine, all responsive to the gesture
or low-spoken order of the commander
in front It was an army ready for
business, but the men were joking
and laughing and it so happened they
devoted a good deal of attention to
me. A West Virginian named Zinkle
and myself were left in camp to
bring up the transportation, and in
the performance of duty Zinkle found
a tall plug hat of the vintage of 1S40
' and a collar of the style worn by
Daniel Webster.
"He put on collar and hat with some
other decorations, and, mounting a
mule, announced that he was my or
derly. I was riding a little white pony
: of a horse, and when wo took to the
fields my feet almost touched the
ground. When we started to close up
Obeyed Instructions
What
"Gen. Osterhaus," said the Major,
"was even In his serious moods and
his most passionate outbursts a source
of amusement to his men. He mas
tered easily the science of war. but
he could not master the English lan
guage, and some of his characteristic
expressions were as household words
to the men of his division. When
Gen. Lcggett's division was formed
for an attack on Little Kenesaw, the
general in command sent Capt Evans
of his staff to Osterhaus to ask the
latter to concentrate his artillery fire
on Brush mountain, and make a di
version in our favor.
"Capt Evans found Osterhaus
seated at a little table eating a very
frugal meal. He saluted and said:
Gen. Leggett's compliments to Gen.
Osterhaus. He directs me to say that
he Is about to attack the enemy's po
sition on Little Kenesaw, and if you
will concentrate your artillery fire on
Brush mountain the diversion will be
of great assistance to him.' Osterhaus
Geve Him Permission
Amusing Pomposity of Colonel
Unused to Regular Army Methods
la the summer of 1898 when the . sired, if there was no objection to
troops were encamped in the vicinity
at Tampa, Fb, CoL Duffy of the
Sixty-ninth New York,, came in for
his share of anecdote. As many New
Yorkers know, he is a bluff, hearty,
good-natured Irishman and a good sol
dier, but at the beginning of the war
he was somewhat unfamiliar with the
customs and etiquette of the regular
service.
One day Gen. Hall of the regular
army had his brigade out for a long;
hard drill, and desiring to take a short
cat hack to camp, seat an alde-de-
te OeL Dnffy to say that he de-
HOME.
Past spring house and the pasture wall.
Her spirit walks who taught her child
Of the Love that is o'er all.
The vision vanishes, ud "tralRht
The street's rude tumult in blsn,
But in his heart a heavenly strain.
And in his eyes sweet tears.
-Charles Francis Saunders in Harper
Magazine.
Old-Timer Telle of Happening
in That Starfe Before the Waf
"It is I. Capt. Hamilton." was the
reply in the well-known voice of his
neighbor, "and I want to get In. I
have something important to tell you.
"You are welcome. Hamilton,' re
plied Rice, laying aside his gun and
undoing the fastenings of the door.
Hamilton entered and with him five
ruffians with drawn revolvers, who
commanded Rice to throw up Ms
hands. It was a complete surprise,
and there was nothing for him to do
but to comply. He was speedily
bound and was carried away and con
fined with other loyal men who had
fallen into the hands of the enemy
through the treachery of Hamilton.
John Brown soon heard of Rice's
capture, and he organized a posse of
150 men and swooped down on the
enemy and effected a rescue. This was
Rice's introduction to the ramous abo
litionist Afterward he was frequent
ly associated with him in the Kansas
raids. Speaking of the treachery of
Hamilton, Rice said:
"That was a severe blow to my
faith in mankind. I had not supposed
that a man of apparent respectability
could be so false."
Sounding brass is not the sign of
one sound in the faith.
Good Exemplification of "He
Who Fights nd Runs Away-
Once inside the lines he asked in an
authoritative way: 'Whose command
is this?' We told him CoL Dan Mc
Cook's brigade. He put his impro
vised crutch under his arm and then
said: Well, boys, so long. Do you see
that mule? Do you see me? Well,
that mule and me is all that is left
of the Fourteenth Ohio, and I am
going back to report to Gen. Jim
Stcedman the arrival of the com
mand.' "The Fourteenth Ohio, it should bo
said, was Gen. Steedman's" own regi
ment, and he was in the habit of
boasting that it would be first on any
battlefield and the last to leave it,
and this wounded man and his wound
ed mule must have left the field of
Chickamauga some twenty hours af
ter tho last Union regiment had re
tired from Horseshoe Ridge. We
never could understand how he passed
the rebel lines. Tae rebs probably
regarded him as a crazy remnant and
let him through. At all events, he
was the last Union soldier to leave
the field of Chickamauga, and he lived
to take a lively part in other battles."
A great many are living In hopes
there will be no collections in heaven.
Tells How He Amused
an Army Corps on the March
it was agreed that I should play the
officer and Zinkle rode behind me at
the regulation distance as my orderly.
Whea we caught tip with the rear of
the division we attempted to reach
the head of the column by taking to,
the path on the side of the Winchester
pike. I sat erect and austere on my
little horse and ZInkie came after me
stolid and silent
"As we moved alongside the march
ing men some one shouted, 'How are
you, Cousin John?' and that call was
repeated a thousand times as we went
forward. There were variations In
which I was advised to get off and
carry my horse and in which my or
derly's hat was the subject of remark,
but to that whole division, even to
my own regiment, I was Cousin John,
and as a critter man I was asked to
tell the Sixth corps boys their old
friends were coming and to wait un
til they got there."
Some men become sadder without
becoming any wiser.
Gen. Osterhcaa Promised
to Do to the Enemy
looked at Capt Evans a full minute
without speaking, and then said, ex
plosively: 'You make my compli
ments to Gen. Leggett, und say as
soon as soon as I get through mit this
little refection I haf here, I vill yoost
make dem fellers hell smell. And
before Capt Evans could report to
his chief. Osterhaus' guns were blaz
ing away so effectively as to soon si
lence the enemy's batteries." Chi
cago Inter Ocean.
A Perfect Boy.
"I never heard of but one perfect
boy," said Johnny, thoughtfully, as he
sat in the corner, doing penance.
"And who was that? asked mamma.
"Papa when he was little." was the
answer. And silence reigned for the
space of five minutes.
The man who gives to advertise his
character has no charity worth adver-
using.
pass through the camp of the Sixty
ninth. This request was simply a
formal courtesy on the part of the
superior officer.
"Who is your ginral?" asked the
colonel.
"Gen. Hall." replied the aide.
"ell, you tell your ginral." he
went on. speaking deliberately and
with evident effect, "that he can
march through my camp provided he
don't raise too much dust"
The world needs a pure-thought cru
sade more than one for pure food.
Dairy Interests of New York.
According to the recent census there
ire at present in New York state
.,501,608 cows, which Is a little oyer
our per cent more than the number
-cturned by the census of 1890. The
'ield of milk has, however. Increased
ver 16 per cent This would seem to
ndlcate a decided improvement In the
juality of the cows, so far as milk pro
luction is concerned. In fact, the ia
:reascd average of milk production
nust be about 12 per cent, a very de
rided gain in ten years. This Is
loubtless due to the use of the milk
:est and the milk scales. On 67,000
'arms milk production is returned as
Jie principal source of income for the
farms. This Is 30 per cent of all the
'arms in the state.. Of the entire but-
;er, milk and cheese output about
$8,000,000 worth was consumed on the
farms where it was produced, while
J46.000.000 worth was sent away for
3ale. In the last census year milk
brought over $33,000,000, butter nearly
$10,000,000, while cheese brought less
than one-fourth of a million dollars.
About $312,000 was received for cream.
The receipts for milk sold are steadily
increasing, while the receipts for but
ter sold are as steadily decreasing,
showing the trend of economic condi
tions in New York state. Tho milk
trade Is proving more remunerative
than the trade in butter and cheese.
Tho amount of butter produced on
farms decreased about 23 per cent in
ten years, most of it being now made
in creameries.
Possibilities in Cow Development.
The dairy commissioner of Minne
sota says that the dairy cows of that
state are producing only one-third the
amount of milk and butter fat they
should produce. What is true of
Minnesota is true of every state of
tho Union. The dairy proposition
would not be such a serious one to
face if we could get men to deal with
it intelligently and develop their cows.
Unfortunately for tho dairy interest
we have a great multitude of farmers
that see In the cow no possibility of
development They imaslne that
feeding her on common prairie hay or
on wire grass pasture will 'make as
good a dairy cow out of her as she
could bo anyway. But this Is not the
case. The cow that is well fed from
calfhood to motherhood makes a far
better milker than does the one that
is left to hustle for herself on all
kinds of pastures. It has been dem
onstrated that even the common cows
of our country can be made to yield
far more profit than they do at the
present time if they are given the care
that growing cows need. Cows are
generally fed hlt-or-miss. Being
"young stock" they are considered
of no particular moment Perhaps tho
only food they have for weeks is dry
straw. That they do not get the nutri
ment needed from this food is a mat
tcr of little importance to the owner
who simply says 'oh, well, they are
not giving milk." Right feeding and
development must go together.
Pure Water for Washing Better.
The manager of an Australian but
ter factory says that he has found
it to be practically impossible to make
good butter with water from creeks
and streams. He first experimented
with water from streams and rain
water caught in f,000 gallon tanks.
Ho invariably found that the butter
washed with stream water got off
flavor after it had been in the mar
ket a little while, but that the water
washed with rain water remained
good for a long time. He then tried
filtered and unfiltered water. The
butter was madein two lots and
watcned. After seven days both but
ters were good. After fourteen days
the butter washed with filtered water
was good, while the butter made with
unfiltered water was slightly off and
molds were showing on the parchment
After twenty-one days the first butter
was still good, -while the other was
off in flavor and was bitter near the
surface. After forty-two days the
butter washed with filtered water was
good, while the other was more pro
nounced in its bitterness. At fifty
six days tne first butter was slightly
off in flavor but eatable, with no mold
showing. The butter washed with
unfiltered water was very moldy and
had a rank and very bitter flavor.
The unfiltered water had all the ap
pearance to the eye of being pure.
Without doubt much of the bad flavor
of butter Is caused by the water with
which it is washed.
Testers That Do Not Test
A big cold storage company in Min
neapolis has been bidding for the
cream from the farmers in the sur
rounding territory. The hand testers
were to be used to test the cream of
fered for sale by the company. The
latter agreed to buy cream by the
test, paying enough for it to make it
more profitable to sell the cream to
the storage company than to sell it to
the local creamery. The creameries
have become alarmed at the danger
to themselvese of having any consid
erable quantity of butter-fat thus di
verted. Accordingly the hand testers
were given a good deal of attention
and some of them sent to the experi
ment station for testing. All tests
showed the testers sent out by the
storage companies tested too low by
from six to eight per cent Thus the
storage company could afford to pa
six to eight per cent more for the
cream than could the creameries,
which would, of course, give them the
bulk of the trade. The revelations
will probably cause some change of
tactics on the part of the great cor
poration, but will probably not put it
out of the field of operations.
Butterine in England.
The English have taken up the use
of the word butterine. but are apply
ing it inta sense entirely different
from its application In this country.
We have used it to designate oleomar
garine, that is, bogus butter. The
English propose to use iff to designate
all kinds of butter and butter substi
tutes if they have in them more than
16 per cent of water. In England the
rule is to go into effect on the first
day of the new year. In Ireland a
longer time of grace is given, as the
Irish have been so long in the habit
of brine salting and washing that it
would not be possible for them to
change their methods In the few
months left of this year. For Irish
butter that has been salted in brine
the day of grace is extended to the
first of January. 1904. In the mean
time Irish butter Is to be permitted to
carry -as high as 18 per cent of water.
We have yet to see what the courts
will do with such a law. It may stand
in England. It would not stand in
this country. Pure butter-fat is not
butterine, no matter how much water
may be adzed with it
Black Langsharis.
From Farmers Review: You ask
me to tell you something about Black
Langshans as summer and fall layers?
Now that looks easy, as I hare at
different times, bred one kind exclu
sively, then another, untill have bred
nearly every variety In the standard,
and finally after trying Langshans
once or twice have settled on them
as the very best all-around fowl among
the breeds, not only for table and
market but eggs. I have a carefully
selected flock of hens and- pullets
comprising three matings, 30 hens all I
together, and aunng me buuw
January, 1902, they produced on a
ccrn and wheat diet 562 eggs and were
keeping up their average until the
middle of February, when I deter
mined to try blood meal and Red
Albumen." After feeding four feeds
in warm bran mash at noon as di
rected, my hens stopped laying, so
ttat I got but three or four each day.
I went back to corn and wheat, which
I put in a trough morning and night,
so they could get what they required
and after ten days they came back to
an average of 20 to 24 eggs per day.
A3 summer and fall layers the non
sitting Mediterranean breeds excel at
that season, though the Black Lang
shan outranks all the other Asiatic
breeds from the fact that they are
more active and better hustlers.
They excel the popular Barred Ply
mouth Rock from the fact that they
are more active and less broody than
they. But 9 out of my 30 have onerea
to sit yet this year. I always let
each hen raise a brood of chickens as
early as they will, as it reduces their
flesh and puts them in better condi
tion to lay through the fall and win
ter. I find them unexcelled by any
for eggs the year around. S. H. Cot
ton, St Clair County, Missouri.
Cornish Indian Games.
Game fowls were imported into Eng
land from India In the early part ol
the last century. Many were Aseels or
Aseel Indians, the purest of Oriental
type. They were then, as they are to
day, very muscular and compact in
form, low stationed and of medium
size, with various colors, including
gray, white, black, buffi mottled and
laced. From the earliest of these im
portations and other fowls from the
same source, though not so pure in
blood, it Is said the Standard Black
Breasted Red Malay was produced by
careful selection and breeding. A&
early as 1870 Cornish Indians ap
peared in the shows of England,
though at that early date it is not tc
be expected they were of uniform
type and color, owing to the difference
in the ancestry of the fowls exhibited
by the various breeders. But the ex
changing of fowls among the fancier
for new blood and careful selection in
breeding soon brought about a won
derful improvement and the type be
came as fixed and permanent as that
of any fowl being bred to-day. A trio
of Cornish Indian fowls was imported
into this country in September, 1877.
W. S. Templeton.
Avoid Lice.
When incubators and brooders are
being used in the rearing of chicks
every caution is necessary to keep
old hens away from the brooders. If
they are allowed to run In the same
locality or if the chicks of hens and
the chicks from the brooders be per
mitted to run together it is almost
certain to produce an epidemic of lice
One of the great advantages of rais
ing chicks in brooders is that no lice
are present This advantage should
be maintained. Von Culln says: "We
have known a whole section of brood
er houses to be filled with lice by
placing a single brood of eleven
chicks, whose mother died, in a
brooder with other chicks. The new
comers were not suspected of being
lousy, and the lice multiplied and
spread through all the adjoining yards
and rooms before being discovered
We have also known roup to be spread
in the same manner In one instance
breaking up the establishment In
the latter instance the proprietor was
warned, but he knew it all, and had
it all-his own way. Things that seem
small or trifling sometimes make tre
mendous results. By watching and
directing small matters we control
greater ones.
Development of Broilers.
The broiler should not be fed from
the first with the Idea of making him
fat What he needs at the outset
of his career is food that will make
frame and muscle. Corn and corn
meal should not therefore be given
In any large quantities. Soft food Is
also said to be not entirely suitable
When the birds have attained a weight
of a pound or a pound and a half they
may be given a fattening food. The
time during which this need be given
will be so short that no bad results
need come from it
Price for Poultry Products.
From the Farmers' Review: What
have been the prices for poultry prod
ucts this summer as compared with
previous years? Friends in the city
write me that they have been paying
at least 50 per cent more for all theli
eggs and fowls this summer than
ever before. I think if some of us
would report these prices to the Farm
ers' Review it would be of general
interest Hiram Parks.
Reports from the potato growers in
dicate that the yield of potatoes is
likely to be good, as they are being ex
tensively grown this year all over the
country' where potatoes are grown at
any time. The high prices of pota
toes during the past year has stimu
lated the growing of this article of
food. Not only has the field acreage
been increased, as shown by govern
ment reports, but the gardens have a
larger crop of potatoes than usual
There are millions of such gardens in
the country and their output while
not entering into commerce, will cut
quite a figure in the totals.
New Zealand Dairy Business:
The dairy business is increasing rap
idly in New Zealand, and the govern
ment Is doing all In Its power to
boost the trade.
Water in Wood. v
Green wood contains fully 45 per
cent of water, and thorough season
ing usually expels but 36 per cent of
this fluid.
Nearly every farmer can easily raise
all the fruit his family can consume,
and it will greatly reduce the cost of
living.
.Anything you get for nothing usu
ally is not worth that much.
Value ef Mature and Immature Fod
ders. A report of the Nebraska station
relative to the composition -of feeding
stnffa at different stages of growth
says: The conditions of growth of the
crops this season were about' equally
favorable for each of them, and some
tentative conclusions may hence be
drawn from the result of this (1900)
season's work. The mixed crop, oats
and peas, Improves In composition as
it grows older and should probably be
allowed to stand as long as the pea
vines will remain fairly erect The
proportion of flesh-forming to fat
forming constituents In the fodder ob
tained from this crop is very nearly
the correct one for a well-balanced. ra
tion for most classes of animals, and
it would probably be found unneces
sary to supplement this fodder with
grain or other foods.
Field corn, millet, sorghum and
Kafir corn, decrease rapidly in protein
content while beading out The per
centage of crude fiber also decreases
somewhat Both of these changes are
probably due to the rapid accumula
tion of starch and sugars in the plant
juices at that time, as shown by the.
increased proportion of nitrogen-free
extract In order to obtain a fodder
having as narrow a ratio of flesh-forming
foods as possible, the crop should
be cut at as early a stage as it can be
well cured. For roughage to be fed
in connection with highly nitrogenous
foods it may well be allowed to grow
until seeds are formed. After that
period, however, the stalks rapidly be- j
T W '-
come woody and the proportion of
waste is greatly increased.
No very significant change in com
position of the cowpeas Is apparent
This year's experience would seem to
indicate that consideration of chemical
composition Is of minor importance in
the selection of the proper stage for
harvesting this crop for fodder. As
compared with the other fodders
analyzed this year, this one is by far
the most desirable on account of its
high proportion of nitrogenous ma
terial and small percentage of diffi
cultly digestible fiber.
Poor Cattle Impose on Mexicans.
Reports from Mexico indicate that
some live stock dealers there are
working a confidence game on the
badly informed natives and are selling
them poor American cattle at high
prices. Some Mexicans aro enterpris
ing enough to c. e to this
country and buy their own breeding
cattle. Such men get the best there
is and are satisfied, though they have
to pay good prices for everything in
the breeding line. But the Mexicans
that order American cattle through
native or resident dealers get some
very poor stuff. .This has been the
case to an extent that threatens to in
jure the sale of breeding bulls from
this country. The Mexicans pay for
'first-class animals, but get scrubs. One
,result is seen in the turning of the
Mexican buyers to the Brown Swiss
cattle. Switzerland does not permit
cattle to be exported without a cer
tificate showing breeding and so forth.
Thus no animals of Interior quality
have so far gone to Mexico from Switz
erland and the confidence of the Mex
icans has been won for the Brown
Swiss. The United States has had a
number of lessons of this kind. Prob
ably after the Swiss have taken all
the trade the United States may wake
up and do something. But there is
danger that the lesson we had when
Canada took our foreign cheese trade
will not be remembered in connection
with our cattle trade. We had a mag
nificent cheese trade with England till
American sharpers were permitted to
swamp the English market with filled
cheese, and then we lost it', the Eng
lish trader turning to Canada, where
there were laws absolutely preventing
such frauds. The Canadians took the
trade and have kept it We have a
good trade in cattle springing up with
Mexico and the other countries to the
south of it We should foster it by
making fraud impossible.
Hope for the Hog Crop.
The short corn crop of last year Is
very largely responsible for the high
pnees that are being paid for hogs
to-day. These high prices, if long
continued, are certain to affect the
haoits of the people as to the eating
of hog meat It is for the benefit of
the pork producer to have prices at
a medium point but have a market
for an enormous number of hogs. In
this way the profits are widely dis
tributed through the farming com
munities. The whole country is bap
pier for It Certainly no one wants
to see an era of high prices for foods
and congested money centers. The
outlook for the corn crop is now good.
Farmers that have hogs will not need
to send them to market before they
are at a size to be marketed to the
best of advantage. A 250-pound bog
Is far more profitable under ordinary
conditions than is the 150-pound hog.
The short swine supply to-day is large
ly due to the fact that last year and
thin spring hogs too light in weight
were marketed. The rapidity with
which swine multiply will save the
situation. Meantime every farmer and
every citizen is interested in hav
ing a good big crop of healthy hogs.
A Government Date Orchard.
A dispatch from Phoenix, Arizona,
to the Chicago Packer says: The gov
ernment is going into the business of
date culture on a large scale. At the
experimental station near here has
just been planted the largest date or
chard in America, and perhaps in the
world. Five acres have been planted
with" various kinds of date trees im
ported from Africa, besides about 1,000
seedlings. The Department of Agri
culture seems to have no doubt that
the date palm will ultimately 60lve
the problem of what to do with the
arid and alkali lands of Arizona and
other parts of the West Experiments
have demonstrated the great possibili
ties of the industry.
Period of Gestation of Sheep.
Prof. W. A. Henry: Tessier, in a
report to the Academy of Sciences,
Paris, gives the results, of his observa
tions on the period of gestation of 912
ewes. The shortest period for the ewe
carrvinr her lamb was 146 davs and
the longest 161 days, a range of 1
days. More than three-fourths of the
ewes yeaned between the 150th and
the 154th day after impregnation.
bringing the average to about 152
days, or 21 weeks and five days. Ran
dall's statement as to the gestation
of ewe- coincides with that of Tes
sier Draining helps both in time
drought and tn time of freshet.
of
Necessiay for Drainage.
If there was ever a year when the
advantages of good drainage were
manifest it is this year, especially la
the territory bordering on the Great
Lakes, where rains have been very
copious during the past two months.
In the vicinity of Chicago many of
the mar t gardens aro this year
made unprofitable by reason of lack
of drainage. Most plants cannot grow
with their roots immersed In water.
The plants that are cultivated for
food are at a standstill in growth
while the water stands at the level of
the ground. Not nil the water has
settled In the soil to some distance
below them is it possible' for them to
resume their normal condition of
growth. Around Chicago, on the level
lands devoted to truck growing, the
water has been standing for a month
past The vast fields of ga den vege
tables seen on them are to a large ox
tent spoiled. An immer.se amount of
work and manure has been expended
on i je fields, but no" returns are pos
slblj. Yet proper drainage would
make .the rains a blessing. Land
should be so well drained that water
will not stand at all. but will leave
the soil in a usable condition a f e r
hours after even the heaviest rains.
When lands are not drained not only
do the plants stop growing while the
soil is water logged, bat the fields
cannot be tilled for days afterward.
The soil remains soft and soggy so
long that no crop can be properly
tended. The land needs attention.
especially after the surface has been
nacked by heavy rains. If the land
is In a condition to pas3 the surplus
water Into underground drains the
surface can be cultivated in a com
paratively short time after the rains
have fallen. We have no doubt that
tb water-covered fields near Chicago
represent the condition of thousands
of planted fields in the states border
ing the lakes.
It seems strange thai after so long
campaign in favor of draining there
should exist such large areas still un
drained, especially areas that are de
voted to the growing of-expensive and
profitable crops. The writer has year
after year noticed the fields on one
farm where water works tivoc
Sometimes the fields of this farm are
planted in corn and sometimes In po
tatoes, but during every year there
are seasons when the crops stand in
the water for weeks at a time. The
natural inference is that even when
the water drains from the surface It
remains so near the surface that little
can be expected in the way of crops.
And little is realized In the way of
crops. The wonder is that any man
should continue to plant on such
land. Dralnaee helns in both rainy
and dry weather, but is especially nec
essary in rainy weather.
Dr. Gernault's Experiment
Some time ago we told our readers
of the experiment being made by Dr.
Gernault of Paris to demonstrate to
the world the correctness of the the
ory of Dr. Koch that tuberculosis
was not transmissible from animal to
man. The physician named declared
that he had the utmost confidence in
Dr. Koch, and to demonstrate to the
world that Koch was right he would
attempt to inoculate himself with the
virus of bovine tuberculosis. This he
did, applying the vaccine to one arm.
The result has been that the arm of
the experimenter now contains sev
eral of the deadly tubercles, and the
victim announces himself as fully con
vinced that bovine tuberculosis is
transmissible to man. The doctor de
clares cheerfully that he expected to
lose his life as a result of the experi
ment, but that his death will save the
lives of others, who would otherwise
have relied on the theory of Dr. Koch
that the disease possessed by cattle
and known as tuberculosis Is not
transmissible to man. The doctor
will attempt to save his life by having
bis arm amputated, but the question
will then be confronting him as to
how "far the disease has penetrated
his system. If he lives he declares he
will spend much time warning the
people of the danger from this dis
ease, which some are accustomed to
treat so lightly. The war against tu
berculosis should be pushed. Every
person that has cows should ascertain
whether or not they are affected. The
people that use milk from unknown
cows should sterilize it In our
creameries the skim-milk should be
pasteurized before being sent back to
the farms.
Hill or Level Culture.
Under perfect conditions of soil as
relates to drainage level cuture is
best But there is so little land vhere
the conditions of drainage are perfect
that some hilling is necessary. So
our forefathers were net far wrong
when they hilled up everything. In
their day drainage of any kind was
unusual except such as was given by
surface ditches. When the corn was
hilled up a natural drain was left by
the removal of the dirt This condi
tion helped matters every time there
was a freshet The man that has a
heavy soil that has no artificial drain
age must bill or ridge up to save his
crop in tho case of a heavy fall of
water. Even though the land be high
or rolling a heavy soil needs some
treatment of this kic. Clayey hill
sides hold water to such an extent
that crops are often lost from too
much water. The usual inference is
that the drainage is good because
there is a slope. This 3 a mistake,
as heavy clay holds water for a very
long period unless there be means for
drawing it away from beneath. In
case of heavy clay on a hillside being
underlaid with rravel or sand we have
a condition that may be counted as an
exception. Where the land Is sandy
of course level culture may be fol
lowed,, unless there are obstructions
to the draining away of the water.
Some Wheat Tests.
At the Pennsylvania station some
tests with wheat gave results that
were summarized as follows:
1. The yield of grain from the dif
ferent varieties of wheat varied great-
2. The bearded varieties gave the
largest yield of grain and of straw,
and the grain per measured bushel
was heavier than that produced by
the beardless or smooth varieties.
3. In general, the smooth chaff va
rieties were injured more by the Hes
sian fly than the bearded chaff varie
ties. 4. Late sown wheat was Injured less
by the Hessian fly than that sown
early.
5. -The difference In the yield of the
varieties may be accounted for In part
by the difference in the severity of at
tack by ihe HesiaB fly.
PAWNING A
Of a man with a thousand-dollar
bill In his pocket and no smaller
amount of money, a story has been
written that traced him through many
Bxperiences and took him to the verge
of starvation. But, as a matter of
tact, one man who had nothing small
er than a one-thousand-dollar bill got
through the difficulty very easily in
this city a few nights ago.
Ten of these coveted promissory
notes of the United States had been
paid to blm In the afternoon. In the
pursuit of business and a modicum of
pleasure he had, after the receipt of
his $10,000. spent the last dime he
possessed other than the big. bills.
He was with some friends, any one
of whom could and would have ac
commodated him with sufficient mon
ey for his needs, but a discussion
arose about what he would do if he
were a stranger In the city and had
no money other than that which was
in his pocket.
"I wouldn't care if I were dressed
as a beggar." he said. "I can get all
I want so long as I have a one-thousand-dollar
bill In my pocket."
"You would be arrested or turned
down If you tried to use It." said one.
"There are not many places where
$1,000 in change is kept handy. Be
sides, most people would be shy of
taking such a bill from any of us.
We don't look as though wo carried
one-thousand-dollar bills around In
our pockets."
"Well." said the man with the $10.
000, 'I'll bet a basket of champagne
with the bunch that I can spend my
MMWMMAAMMWSWWMMWWAMMAMAMMMAAAAAAAA
CANNON OF
From deadly implements of war
turned by the enemy against the sons
of the land in which they have for
more than a century reposed to instru
ments useful in the furtherance of
peaceful industrial pursuits in that
same country is the remarkable tran
sition through which two large can
non now In the works of the Keystone
Bridge Company have passed. Cap
tured, it is supposed, by Gen. Gates at
the battle of Saratoga, one of the most
important engagements of the revolu
tion, the cannon were placed in the
Pittsburg arsenal early in the last
century and remained there as sou
venirs until 1893, when they were
bought by the old Shi flier Bridge Com
pany and placed in the mill to be used
as compressors. There for almost 33
years the old guns have done service,
and no better tools of their kind could
be found.
In a dark corner of the dingy plant,
hidden from sight, the greater part of
the time by the great weights sur
rounding them, and smeared with
grease and grime, the old cannon still
retain their usefulness, and beneath
all the grease the royal coat-of-arms
of the proud King George III. stand
out, the sole reminders of the days in
which they boomed in the service of
the king. The royal crest is close
to the old touchholes of the guns. In
A AUMHONAIRE'S REPAST
Jones and Smith happened to meet
at the same table in a restaurant
"Do you dine at thia place often?"
asked Jones.
"Quite often," said Smith. "It is
moderate in price, at least for the
common dl3hcs; the cooking is excel
lent, the service good and everything
is clean."
"It Is pretty well patronized, too,"
observed Jones. "A good many mer
chants and stock exchange men come
here for their meals."
"Yes. What are you going to or
der?" "I think I'll take a steak, a glass
of claret and a pudding, or something
of that kind. A man on a small sal
ary can't afford a swell dinner."
"That's a fact. We've got to curb
our appetites. I'm going to try veal
cutlets, breaded, a few vegetables, an
THREE STORIES IN ALL.
How Witty Guide Described Mr. Cleve
land's Boathouse.
During Cleveland's first term as
president he had built for himself a
handsome boathouse on the shore of
Upper Saranac Lake, near the Sara
nac Inn. It was a long, low affair,
with a deep excavation beneath for
tho storing of boats and fishing
tackle. Dave Cronk. a famous guide
of the region, never tired of describ
ing the glories of the president's loat
house. which he regarded as the real
wonder of the neighborhood. On one
occasion Richard Harding Davis, then
a reporter in Philadelphia, visited the
president socially, and was met at the
station by a native, who said he had
been sent with his wagon to drive the
guest to the Inn.
"There's Mr. Cleveland's new three
story boathouse," he said, passing the
structure.
"Three-story?" asked Mr. Davis. "I
see but one."
"Weil," said the native, "there's the
story you see, the story underneath,
and the story Dave Cronk's alius tcl
lin' about it."
A Boy and a Pup.
The Ciayesmore School at Enfield,
England has tried a novel experiment
in allowing its pupils to keep dogs.
A kennel club has been formed, of
which a master is president and the
boy dog owners are members. Each
boy is responsible for his own dog
j r, , ototo of his kennel. Build-
I ings suitable for this purpose were
opened by tne onnis "i -"-
some years ago. Of the success of the
experiment the head master says: "It
has been found that the care of dogs
is a sound means of moral discipline
to the youth of mankind, while the;
oughly agreeable to boyish inclina
tions. Every one knows how dearly
the English boy likes to keep a dog,
and under proper supervision the pos
session of such a pet tends to make
him kind to all animals, while it also
enables him to enjoy the open air,
and in the most sensible and natural
manner to learn a great deal of the
common laws or nature and the ways
of animal life.' New York Tribune.
High Prices Paid Singers.
The highest figure eves, paid to a
singer at Covent Garden was the sum
of $48,000, paid to Mme. AdeJiaa Fat-
$1000 BILL
money r freely as though these were
tve-doUar bills instead of what they
are. and I won't have any troehle
about it, either. I'll get change the
first time I try it. too. or lose tne bet.
And I won't go to any man who knows
me."
The wager was accepted, and tho
man with $10,000, taking one friend
with him, walked out to a pawn shop.
He said to the clerk only this:
"I have received $19,000 in ten bills.
They are mine and were come by
honestly. It Is difficult for me. a
stranger, to get a oae-thousand-dollar
bill changed. Here are the ten bills.
Look at them. I need some money.
and I want to pawn ono of these bills
for $25. If you are afraid of me. (All
up police headquarters and I will sat
isfy the people there by papers that
I can show that I am honest. Or. if
you like, call up Mr. . who paid
the money to me, and he will tell you
if I am all right"
The pawnbroker looked at him
keenly for a second and thea said:
"I never took money as a pledge,
but you are sober and seem all right,
and you can have the $25. Give me
the one-thousand-dollar bill."
The pawnbroker examined the bill
carefully and then, to the astonish
ment of the others, took another one-thousand-dollar
bill out of his safe
and compared them. Then, just as
he would make out a ticket for a ring
or a watch, he issued a ticket for a.
"one-thousand-dollar bill." turned
over the $25 and cosed the transac
tion. New York T':bune. ,
I
GEORGE III.
stead of powder there is now inserted
in the touchholes of both pieces a pro
saic water pipe that in no way seems
to belong there. Before they enlisted
in the industrial service of tho Key- '
stone Bridge company the heads of
both cannon were removed, so that
they arc now open at both ends.
Through the great sixteen-ineh bore
water is pumped and is forced out by
long cylinders that are burdened by
C0.000 pounds of steel. This tremend
ous weight is released and. settling
the cylinders, forces them through tho
bore of the' cannon. Before them goes
the water that Is thrown through the
pipes against a machine known as an
"upsetter." At the other end of thia
machine the "T" bars used in bridge
construction are placed and the ends,
heated to a white neat, arc locked into
the "upsetter." The force of the water
from the cannon pushes the machine
against the end of the bar ami starts
the head, that is later finished in tho
big five-ton hammer. Day after day
these huge guns have performed this
humble work, and when one looks at
the proud cre3t of the King of Eng
land ho wonders if. were they pos
sessed of life, they would not feel hu
miliated at this sad fall from their
former calling that of battling for
glory and victory and empire. Pitts
burg Leader.
omelet souffle, and a pint of porter. I
can't spend more than three or four
shillings for a mere lunch."
"That's about the figure for me.
Now. if I could afford such a meal as
Tubbles over there at that table in
the comer is about to order. I'd have
something worth talking about."
"You bet What do you suppose Tub
bles is worth?"
"He's worth $1.000.00V
Jones and Smith looked enviously at
the table in the corner, where the rich
man. with the bill of fare before him.
was knitting his brows and pursing tip
his mouth in the effort to decide what
he wanted. After studying the printed
slip from top to bottom several times
he seemed to have come to a con
clusion. "Waiter," he said to the official
standing respectfully by. "bring mc a
roll and butter and a cup of coffee."
WWWWWW.M'AA''pMM
in 1870 for sixteen appearances. Mme.
Patti has, however, beaten this record
in her American tours, when she haa
obtained, as she did at New Orleans,
as much as $ti.O0O a night.
M. Jean de Iteszkc holds the record
for male singers, his contract for six
teen appearances being $30,000. while
the famous Polish tenor never fails to
stipulate for free hotei expenses and
a certain sum for carriage and horses.
The famous Lasalle has always
drawn his 2.000 a performance, ami
during the Golden Jubilee of 1887 he
appeared with the two De Itczkcs at
one time on the stage, the aggregate
of their nightly salaries amounting tc
ovor $5,000.
One Way to Spend a Holiday.
Last year a young English barrister
published a fascinating account of the
four weeks' holiday lie had spent
among the gypsies as one of them '
selves, leading the caravan horses,"
sleeping in the open, helping to cook
the primitive meals, and exploring,
under the most delightfully tinconven
tionai conditions, some of the prettiest
byways of the southern counties. "I
returned from this holiday," he says,
"with a store of health and energy
and a fund of happy memories which
no other conceivable holiday conic"
have given me. and if my readers wist
to have an ideally enjoyable time
every hour of which is crowded witt
novel and delightful experiences, lei
them do as I did, and go 'a-gypsy
ing.'"
A Futile Mercy.
The Society for the Prevention of.
Cruelty to Animals means well by it&
distribution of a couple of thousands'
of bonnets for horses. But there will
be no real diminution of the aggregate
suffering of the world as long as th3
society contents itself with giving '
bonnets to horses. A horse canmtt
talk at night or go through a man's
pockets when he sleeps of exhaustion .
in the gray dawn. Nor can a horse
obtain credit at a milliner's, to the
despondency of the man who has ac
quired the right to pay some one's
bills. What is needed is a Society -for
Distributing Bonnets to Indignant '
Females. '-A mere horse has not sour
enough to know if its hat is on
straight
The tree of knowledge - Is- mot th
treeof MXj, - .
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