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About The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 27, 1902)
BBgiNr-V-y1 . rrat'- ft2---s -i "S. ' . ft ., . J. . . Mi Hi- ,21 I- ir ff fki TIQilfin iPSOTe i J&jUUfig&n JSfo FMMGuErDRPl-1 'niHUeDUP idSffMsss-sTr-rE WBr JH4BSHR? ir"W l-- i t. - - ffcJ" ss-- rfrcJ THE OLD . To one forcpent with stress of trado And schemes of gain In city marts. There comes a breath of country hay Wafted from the passing carts. Fades the long line of brick and stone. The street's rude tumutt dies away. From money-Betting for a space Ills soul cries holiday. Kansas In 1855 Benjamin J. Rice of Pasadena. Cal.. struck the "firing line" in 1855. A very warm portion of the line was ' then located in Kansas. Those were the days when the world first began to hear of Capt John Brown, whose devotion to the cause of liberty cost faim his life. Capt Brown had only recently Joined his five stalwart sons in Kansas and he had fallen naturally into the leadership of the men who opposed the border ruffians and those determined to make Kansas a slave holding state. In the locality in which Rice lived was one John Hamilton, or as he was known. "Capt Hamilton." Hamilton allied himself to those who stood for good order and freedom, and was con sidered one of the most ardent sup porters of the cause to which Rico was committed, and on several occa sions had Joined in the raids against the ruffians. It occurred that several of the settlers. Rice included, fell un der the ban of the ruffians and they were obliged to go into hiding. Rico left his home and slept in a house several miles away. One night ho was awakened by a tumultuous rap ping at the door and sprang from his bed. grabbed bis gun and demanded to -know what was wanted. -j iv. Mm Anmm ttio orchard nath. Last to Leave Field 1 remember a case," says an old soldier, "in which a fellow who was last to leave the field lived to fight in a good many battles. The night after Chlcamauga Col. Dan McCook's brigade of the reserve corps fell back to Rossville Gap, on the Lafayette road, and went into position on each aide of the gap to cover the main army, concentrated just inside the gap. The next day we were on a close lookout for the enemy, and any thing or any man coming down the Lafayette road stood a pretty fair chance of getting' shot There were 40,000 rebs in front, and we expected an attack any minute. Late in the afternoon we saw coming down the Lafayette road a man severely wound ed, using an old paling from a fence as a crutch and leading a mule that seemed wounded in all four legs. "The boys looked for a time in si lent wonder. On came the hobbling man and the limping mule. As the two camo up in line with the Eighty sixth Illinois regiment, the boys near the road asked the man where he came from and what was the situa tion at the front, and if he was in command of the force he was leading. He made no reply, but hobbled on. Soldiers in a. Frolic Vtera.fi "An army in frolicsome mood was a great spectacle," says a writer in the Chicago Inter Ocean. "There was no disorder. There was no break in the ranks. Regiment after regiment moved forward in regular formation like well-oiled parts of a great ma chine, all responsive to the gesture or low-spoken order of the commander in front It was an army ready for business, but the men were joking and laughing and it so happened they devoted a good deal of attention to me. A West Virginian named Zinkle and myself were left in camp to bring up the transportation, and in the performance of duty Zinkle found a tall plug hat of the vintage of 1S40 ' and a collar of the style worn by Daniel Webster. "He put on collar and hat with some other decorations, and, mounting a mule, announced that he was my or derly. I was riding a little white pony : of a horse, and when wo took to the fields my feet almost touched the ground. When we started to close up Obeyed Instructions What "Gen. Osterhaus," said the Major, "was even In his serious moods and his most passionate outbursts a source of amusement to his men. He mas tered easily the science of war. but he could not master the English lan guage, and some of his characteristic expressions were as household words to the men of his division. When Gen. Lcggett's division was formed for an attack on Little Kenesaw, the general in command sent Capt Evans of his staff to Osterhaus to ask the latter to concentrate his artillery fire on Brush mountain, and make a di version in our favor. "Capt Evans found Osterhaus seated at a little table eating a very frugal meal. He saluted and said: Gen. Leggett's compliments to Gen. Osterhaus. He directs me to say that he Is about to attack the enemy's po sition on Little Kenesaw, and if you will concentrate your artillery fire on Brush mountain the diversion will be of great assistance to him.' Osterhaus Geve Him Permission Amusing Pomposity of Colonel Unused to Regular Army Methods la the summer of 1898 when the . sired, if there was no objection to troops were encamped in the vicinity at Tampa, Fb, CoL Duffy of the Sixty-ninth New York,, came in for his share of anecdote. As many New Yorkers know, he is a bluff, hearty, good-natured Irishman and a good sol dier, but at the beginning of the war he was somewhat unfamiliar with the customs and etiquette of the regular service. One day Gen. Hall of the regular army had his brigade out for a long; hard drill, and desiring to take a short cat hack to camp, seat an alde-de- te OeL Dnffy to say that he de- HOME. Past spring house and the pasture wall. Her spirit walks who taught her child Of the Love that is o'er all. The vision vanishes, ud "tralRht The street's rude tumult in blsn, But in his heart a heavenly strain. And in his eyes sweet tears. -Charles Francis Saunders in Harper Magazine. Old-Timer Telle of Happening in That Starfe Before the Waf "It is I. Capt. Hamilton." was the reply in the well-known voice of his neighbor, "and I want to get In. I have something important to tell you. "You are welcome. Hamilton,' re plied Rice, laying aside his gun and undoing the fastenings of the door. Hamilton entered and with him five ruffians with drawn revolvers, who commanded Rice to throw up Ms hands. It was a complete surprise, and there was nothing for him to do but to comply. He was speedily bound and was carried away and con fined with other loyal men who had fallen into the hands of the enemy through the treachery of Hamilton. John Brown soon heard of Rice's capture, and he organized a posse of 150 men and swooped down on the enemy and effected a rescue. This was Rice's introduction to the ramous abo litionist Afterward he was frequent ly associated with him in the Kansas raids. Speaking of the treachery of Hamilton, Rice said: "That was a severe blow to my faith in mankind. I had not supposed that a man of apparent respectability could be so false." Sounding brass is not the sign of one sound in the faith. Good Exemplification of "He Who Fights nd Runs Away- Once inside the lines he asked in an authoritative way: 'Whose command is this?' We told him CoL Dan Mc Cook's brigade. He put his impro vised crutch under his arm and then said: Well, boys, so long. Do you see that mule? Do you see me? Well, that mule and me is all that is left of the Fourteenth Ohio, and I am going back to report to Gen. Jim Stcedman the arrival of the com mand.' "The Fourteenth Ohio, it should bo said, was Gen. Steedman's" own regi ment, and he was in the habit of boasting that it would be first on any battlefield and the last to leave it, and this wounded man and his wound ed mule must have left the field of Chickamauga some twenty hours af ter tho last Union regiment had re tired from Horseshoe Ridge. We never could understand how he passed the rebel lines. Tae rebs probably regarded him as a crazy remnant and let him through. At all events, he was the last Union soldier to leave the field of Chickamauga, and he lived to take a lively part in other battles." A great many are living In hopes there will be no collections in heaven. Tells How He Amused an Army Corps on the March it was agreed that I should play the officer and Zinkle rode behind me at the regulation distance as my orderly. Whea we caught tip with the rear of the division we attempted to reach the head of the column by taking to, the path on the side of the Winchester pike. I sat erect and austere on my little horse and ZInkie came after me stolid and silent "As we moved alongside the march ing men some one shouted, 'How are you, Cousin John?' and that call was repeated a thousand times as we went forward. There were variations In which I was advised to get off and carry my horse and in which my or derly's hat was the subject of remark, but to that whole division, even to my own regiment, I was Cousin John, and as a critter man I was asked to tell the Sixth corps boys their old friends were coming and to wait un til they got there." Some men become sadder without becoming any wiser. Gen. Osterhcaa Promised to Do to the Enemy looked at Capt Evans a full minute without speaking, and then said, ex plosively: 'You make my compli ments to Gen. Leggett, und say as soon as soon as I get through mit this little refection I haf here, I vill yoost make dem fellers hell smell. And before Capt Evans could report to his chief. Osterhaus' guns were blaz ing away so effectively as to soon si lence the enemy's batteries." Chi cago Inter Ocean. A Perfect Boy. "I never heard of but one perfect boy," said Johnny, thoughtfully, as he sat in the corner, doing penance. "And who was that? asked mamma. "Papa when he was little." was the answer. And silence reigned for the space of five minutes. The man who gives to advertise his character has no charity worth adver- using. pass through the camp of the Sixty ninth. This request was simply a formal courtesy on the part of the superior officer. "Who is your ginral?" asked the colonel. "Gen. Hall." replied the aide. "ell, you tell your ginral." he went on. speaking deliberately and with evident effect, "that he can march through my camp provided he don't raise too much dust" The world needs a pure-thought cru sade more than one for pure food. Dairy Interests of New York. According to the recent census there ire at present in New York state .,501,608 cows, which Is a little oyer our per cent more than the number -cturned by the census of 1890. The 'ield of milk has, however. Increased ver 16 per cent This would seem to ndlcate a decided improvement In the juality of the cows, so far as milk pro luction is concerned. In fact, the ia :reascd average of milk production nust be about 12 per cent, a very de rided gain in ten years. This Is loubtless due to the use of the milk :est and the milk scales. On 67,000 'arms milk production is returned as Jie principal source of income for the farms. This Is 30 per cent of all the 'arms in the state.. Of the entire but- ;er, milk and cheese output about $8,000,000 worth was consumed on the farms where it was produced, while J46.000.000 worth was sent away for 3ale. In the last census year milk brought over $33,000,000, butter nearly $10,000,000, while cheese brought less than one-fourth of a million dollars. About $312,000 was received for cream. The receipts for milk sold are steadily increasing, while the receipts for but ter sold are as steadily decreasing, showing the trend of economic condi tions in New York state. Tho milk trade Is proving more remunerative than the trade in butter and cheese. Tho amount of butter produced on farms decreased about 23 per cent in ten years, most of it being now made in creameries. Possibilities in Cow Development. The dairy commissioner of Minne sota says that the dairy cows of that state are producing only one-third the amount of milk and butter fat they should produce. What is true of Minnesota is true of every state of tho Union. The dairy proposition would not be such a serious one to face if we could get men to deal with it intelligently and develop their cows. Unfortunately for tho dairy interest we have a great multitude of farmers that see In the cow no possibility of development They imaslne that feeding her on common prairie hay or on wire grass pasture will 'make as good a dairy cow out of her as she could bo anyway. But this Is not the case. The cow that is well fed from calfhood to motherhood makes a far better milker than does the one that is left to hustle for herself on all kinds of pastures. It has been dem onstrated that even the common cows of our country can be made to yield far more profit than they do at the present time if they are given the care that growing cows need. Cows are generally fed hlt-or-miss. Being "young stock" they are considered of no particular moment Perhaps tho only food they have for weeks is dry straw. That they do not get the nutri ment needed from this food is a mat tcr of little importance to the owner who simply says 'oh, well, they are not giving milk." Right feeding and development must go together. Pure Water for Washing Better. The manager of an Australian but ter factory says that he has found it to be practically impossible to make good butter with water from creeks and streams. He first experimented with water from streams and rain water caught in f,000 gallon tanks. Ho invariably found that the butter washed with stream water got off flavor after it had been in the mar ket a little while, but that the water washed with rain water remained good for a long time. He then tried filtered and unfiltered water. The butter was madein two lots and watcned. After seven days both but ters were good. After fourteen days the butter washed with filtered water was good, while the butter made with unfiltered water was slightly off and molds were showing on the parchment After twenty-one days the first butter was still good, -while the other was off in flavor and was bitter near the surface. After forty-two days the butter washed with filtered water was good, while the other was more pro nounced in its bitterness. At fifty six days tne first butter was slightly off in flavor but eatable, with no mold showing. The butter washed with unfiltered water was very moldy and had a rank and very bitter flavor. The unfiltered water had all the ap pearance to the eye of being pure. Without doubt much of the bad flavor of butter Is caused by the water with which it is washed. Testers That Do Not Test A big cold storage company in Min neapolis has been bidding for the cream from the farmers in the sur rounding territory. The hand testers were to be used to test the cream of fered for sale by the company. The latter agreed to buy cream by the test, paying enough for it to make it more profitable to sell the cream to the storage company than to sell it to the local creamery. The creameries have become alarmed at the danger to themselvese of having any consid erable quantity of butter-fat thus di verted. Accordingly the hand testers were given a good deal of attention and some of them sent to the experi ment station for testing. All tests showed the testers sent out by the storage companies tested too low by from six to eight per cent Thus the storage company could afford to pa six to eight per cent more for the cream than could the creameries, which would, of course, give them the bulk of the trade. The revelations will probably cause some change of tactics on the part of the great cor poration, but will probably not put it out of the field of operations. Butterine in England. The English have taken up the use of the word butterine. but are apply ing it inta sense entirely different from its application In this country. We have used it to designate oleomar garine, that is, bogus butter. The English propose to use iff to designate all kinds of butter and butter substi tutes if they have in them more than 16 per cent of water. In England the rule is to go into effect on the first day of the new year. In Ireland a longer time of grace is given, as the Irish have been so long in the habit of brine salting and washing that it would not be possible for them to change their methods In the few months left of this year. For Irish butter that has been salted in brine the day of grace is extended to the first of January. 1904. In the mean time Irish butter Is to be permitted to carry -as high as 18 per cent of water. We have yet to see what the courts will do with such a law. It may stand in England. It would not stand in this country. Pure butter-fat is not butterine, no matter how much water may be adzed with it Black Langsharis. From Farmers Review: You ask me to tell you something about Black Langshans as summer and fall layers? Now that looks easy, as I hare at different times, bred one kind exclu sively, then another, untill have bred nearly every variety In the standard, and finally after trying Langshans once or twice have settled on them as the very best all-around fowl among the breeds, not only for table and market but eggs. I have a carefully selected flock of hens and- pullets comprising three matings, 30 hens all I together, and aunng me buuw January, 1902, they produced on a ccrn and wheat diet 562 eggs and were keeping up their average until the middle of February, when I deter mined to try blood meal and Red Albumen." After feeding four feeds in warm bran mash at noon as di rected, my hens stopped laying, so ttat I got but three or four each day. I went back to corn and wheat, which I put in a trough morning and night, so they could get what they required and after ten days they came back to an average of 20 to 24 eggs per day. A3 summer and fall layers the non sitting Mediterranean breeds excel at that season, though the Black Lang shan outranks all the other Asiatic breeds from the fact that they are more active and better hustlers. They excel the popular Barred Ply mouth Rock from the fact that they are more active and less broody than they. But 9 out of my 30 have onerea to sit yet this year. I always let each hen raise a brood of chickens as early as they will, as it reduces their flesh and puts them in better condi tion to lay through the fall and win ter. I find them unexcelled by any for eggs the year around. S. H. Cot ton, St Clair County, Missouri. Cornish Indian Games. Game fowls were imported into Eng land from India In the early part ol the last century. Many were Aseels or Aseel Indians, the purest of Oriental type. They were then, as they are to day, very muscular and compact in form, low stationed and of medium size, with various colors, including gray, white, black, buffi mottled and laced. From the earliest of these im portations and other fowls from the same source, though not so pure in blood, it Is said the Standard Black Breasted Red Malay was produced by careful selection and breeding. A& early as 1870 Cornish Indians ap peared in the shows of England, though at that early date it is not tc be expected they were of uniform type and color, owing to the difference in the ancestry of the fowls exhibited by the various breeders. But the ex changing of fowls among the fancier for new blood and careful selection in breeding soon brought about a won derful improvement and the type be came as fixed and permanent as that of any fowl being bred to-day. A trio of Cornish Indian fowls was imported into this country in September, 1877. W. S. Templeton. Avoid Lice. When incubators and brooders are being used in the rearing of chicks every caution is necessary to keep old hens away from the brooders. If they are allowed to run In the same locality or if the chicks of hens and the chicks from the brooders be per mitted to run together it is almost certain to produce an epidemic of lice One of the great advantages of rais ing chicks in brooders is that no lice are present This advantage should be maintained. Von Culln says: "We have known a whole section of brood er houses to be filled with lice by placing a single brood of eleven chicks, whose mother died, in a brooder with other chicks. The new comers were not suspected of being lousy, and the lice multiplied and spread through all the adjoining yards and rooms before being discovered We have also known roup to be spread in the same manner In one instance breaking up the establishment In the latter instance the proprietor was warned, but he knew it all, and had it all-his own way. Things that seem small or trifling sometimes make tre mendous results. By watching and directing small matters we control greater ones. Development of Broilers. The broiler should not be fed from the first with the Idea of making him fat What he needs at the outset of his career is food that will make frame and muscle. Corn and corn meal should not therefore be given In any large quantities. Soft food Is also said to be not entirely suitable When the birds have attained a weight of a pound or a pound and a half they may be given a fattening food. The time during which this need be given will be so short that no bad results need come from it Price for Poultry Products. From the Farmers' Review: What have been the prices for poultry prod ucts this summer as compared with previous years? Friends in the city write me that they have been paying at least 50 per cent more for all theli eggs and fowls this summer than ever before. I think if some of us would report these prices to the Farm ers' Review it would be of general interest Hiram Parks. Reports from the potato growers in dicate that the yield of potatoes is likely to be good, as they are being ex tensively grown this year all over the country' where potatoes are grown at any time. The high prices of pota toes during the past year has stimu lated the growing of this article of food. Not only has the field acreage been increased, as shown by govern ment reports, but the gardens have a larger crop of potatoes than usual There are millions of such gardens in the country and their output while not entering into commerce, will cut quite a figure in the totals. New Zealand Dairy Business: The dairy business is increasing rap idly in New Zealand, and the govern ment Is doing all In Its power to boost the trade. Water in Wood. v Green wood contains fully 45 per cent of water, and thorough season ing usually expels but 36 per cent of this fluid. Nearly every farmer can easily raise all the fruit his family can consume, and it will greatly reduce the cost of living. .Anything you get for nothing usu ally is not worth that much. Value ef Mature and Immature Fod ders. A report of the Nebraska station relative to the composition -of feeding stnffa at different stages of growth says: The conditions of growth of the crops this season were about' equally favorable for each of them, and some tentative conclusions may hence be drawn from the result of this (1900) season's work. The mixed crop, oats and peas, Improves In composition as it grows older and should probably be allowed to stand as long as the pea vines will remain fairly erect The proportion of flesh-forming to fat forming constituents In the fodder ob tained from this crop is very nearly the correct one for a well-balanced. ra tion for most classes of animals, and it would probably be found unneces sary to supplement this fodder with grain or other foods. Field corn, millet, sorghum and Kafir corn, decrease rapidly in protein content while beading out The per centage of crude fiber also decreases somewhat Both of these changes are probably due to the rapid accumula tion of starch and sugars in the plant juices at that time, as shown by the. increased proportion of nitrogen-free extract In order to obtain a fodder having as narrow a ratio of flesh-forming foods as possible, the crop should be cut at as early a stage as it can be well cured. For roughage to be fed in connection with highly nitrogenous foods it may well be allowed to grow until seeds are formed. After that period, however, the stalks rapidly be- j T W '- come woody and the proportion of waste is greatly increased. No very significant change in com position of the cowpeas Is apparent This year's experience would seem to indicate that consideration of chemical composition Is of minor importance in the selection of the proper stage for harvesting this crop for fodder. As compared with the other fodders analyzed this year, this one is by far the most desirable on account of its high proportion of nitrogenous ma terial and small percentage of diffi cultly digestible fiber. Poor Cattle Impose on Mexicans. Reports from Mexico indicate that some live stock dealers there are working a confidence game on the badly informed natives and are selling them poor American cattle at high prices. Some Mexicans aro enterpris ing enough to c. e to this country and buy their own breeding cattle. Such men get the best there is and are satisfied, though they have to pay good prices for everything in the breeding line. But the Mexicans that order American cattle through native or resident dealers get some very poor stuff. .This has been the case to an extent that threatens to in jure the sale of breeding bulls from this country. The Mexicans pay for 'first-class animals, but get scrubs. One ,result is seen in the turning of the Mexican buyers to the Brown Swiss cattle. Switzerland does not permit cattle to be exported without a cer tificate showing breeding and so forth. Thus no animals of Interior quality have so far gone to Mexico from Switz erland and the confidence of the Mex icans has been won for the Brown Swiss. The United States has had a number of lessons of this kind. Prob ably after the Swiss have taken all the trade the United States may wake up and do something. But there is danger that the lesson we had when Canada took our foreign cheese trade will not be remembered in connection with our cattle trade. We had a mag nificent cheese trade with England till American sharpers were permitted to swamp the English market with filled cheese, and then we lost it', the Eng lish trader turning to Canada, where there were laws absolutely preventing such frauds. The Canadians took the trade and have kept it We have a good trade in cattle springing up with Mexico and the other countries to the south of it We should foster it by making fraud impossible. Hope for the Hog Crop. The short corn crop of last year Is very largely responsible for the high pnees that are being paid for hogs to-day. These high prices, if long continued, are certain to affect the haoits of the people as to the eating of hog meat It is for the benefit of the pork producer to have prices at a medium point but have a market for an enormous number of hogs. In this way the profits are widely dis tributed through the farming com munities. The whole country is bap pier for It Certainly no one wants to see an era of high prices for foods and congested money centers. The outlook for the corn crop is now good. Farmers that have hogs will not need to send them to market before they are at a size to be marketed to the best of advantage. A 250-pound bog Is far more profitable under ordinary conditions than is the 150-pound hog. The short swine supply to-day is large ly due to the fact that last year and thin spring hogs too light in weight were marketed. The rapidity with which swine multiply will save the situation. Meantime every farmer and every citizen is interested in hav ing a good big crop of healthy hogs. A Government Date Orchard. A dispatch from Phoenix, Arizona, to the Chicago Packer says: The gov ernment is going into the business of date culture on a large scale. At the experimental station near here has just been planted the largest date or chard in America, and perhaps in the world. Five acres have been planted with" various kinds of date trees im ported from Africa, besides about 1,000 seedlings. The Department of Agri culture seems to have no doubt that the date palm will ultimately 60lve the problem of what to do with the arid and alkali lands of Arizona and other parts of the West Experiments have demonstrated the great possibili ties of the industry. Period of Gestation of Sheep. Prof. W. A. Henry: Tessier, in a report to the Academy of Sciences, Paris, gives the results, of his observa tions on the period of gestation of 912 ewes. The shortest period for the ewe carrvinr her lamb was 146 davs and the longest 161 days, a range of 1 days. More than three-fourths of the ewes yeaned between the 150th and the 154th day after impregnation. bringing the average to about 152 days, or 21 weeks and five days. Ran dall's statement as to the gestation of ewe- coincides with that of Tes sier Draining helps both in time drought and tn time of freshet. of Necessiay for Drainage. If there was ever a year when the advantages of good drainage were manifest it is this year, especially la the territory bordering on the Great Lakes, where rains have been very copious during the past two months. In the vicinity of Chicago many of the mar t gardens aro this year made unprofitable by reason of lack of drainage. Most plants cannot grow with their roots immersed In water. The plants that are cultivated for food are at a standstill in growth while the water stands at the level of the ground. Not nil the water has settled In the soil to some distance below them is it possible' for them to resume their normal condition of growth. Around Chicago, on the level lands devoted to truck growing, the water has been standing for a month past The vast fields of ga den vege tables seen on them are to a large ox tent spoiled. An immer.se amount of work and manure has been expended on i je fields, but no" returns are pos slblj. Yet proper drainage would make .the rains a blessing. Land should be so well drained that water will not stand at all. but will leave the soil in a usable condition a f e r hours after even the heaviest rains. When lands are not drained not only do the plants stop growing while the soil is water logged, bat the fields cannot be tilled for days afterward. The soil remains soft and soggy so long that no crop can be properly tended. The land needs attention. especially after the surface has been nacked by heavy rains. If the land is In a condition to pas3 the surplus water Into underground drains the surface can be cultivated in a com paratively short time after the rains have fallen. We have no doubt that tb water-covered fields near Chicago represent the condition of thousands of planted fields in the states border ing the lakes. It seems strange thai after so long campaign in favor of draining there should exist such large areas still un drained, especially areas that are de voted to the growing of-expensive and profitable crops. The writer has year after year noticed the fields on one farm where water works tivoc Sometimes the fields of this farm are planted in corn and sometimes In po tatoes, but during every year there are seasons when the crops stand in the water for weeks at a time. The natural inference is that even when the water drains from the surface It remains so near the surface that little can be expected in the way of crops. And little is realized In the way of crops. The wonder is that any man should continue to plant on such land. Dralnaee helns in both rainy and dry weather, but is especially nec essary in rainy weather. Dr. Gernault's Experiment Some time ago we told our readers of the experiment being made by Dr. Gernault of Paris to demonstrate to the world the correctness of the the ory of Dr. Koch that tuberculosis was not transmissible from animal to man. The physician named declared that he had the utmost confidence in Dr. Koch, and to demonstrate to the world that Koch was right he would attempt to inoculate himself with the virus of bovine tuberculosis. This he did, applying the vaccine to one arm. The result has been that the arm of the experimenter now contains sev eral of the deadly tubercles, and the victim announces himself as fully con vinced that bovine tuberculosis is transmissible to man. The doctor de clares cheerfully that he expected to lose his life as a result of the experi ment, but that his death will save the lives of others, who would otherwise have relied on the theory of Dr. Koch that the disease possessed by cattle and known as tuberculosis Is not transmissible to man. The doctor will attempt to save his life by having bis arm amputated, but the question will then be confronting him as to how "far the disease has penetrated his system. If he lives he declares he will spend much time warning the people of the danger from this dis ease, which some are accustomed to treat so lightly. The war against tu berculosis should be pushed. Every person that has cows should ascertain whether or not they are affected. The people that use milk from unknown cows should sterilize it In our creameries the skim-milk should be pasteurized before being sent back to the farms. Hill or Level Culture. Under perfect conditions of soil as relates to drainage level cuture is best But there is so little land vhere the conditions of drainage are perfect that some hilling is necessary. So our forefathers were net far wrong when they hilled up everything. In their day drainage of any kind was unusual except such as was given by surface ditches. When the corn was hilled up a natural drain was left by the removal of the dirt This condi tion helped matters every time there was a freshet The man that has a heavy soil that has no artificial drain age must bill or ridge up to save his crop in tho case of a heavy fall of water. Even though the land be high or rolling a heavy soil needs some treatment of this kic. Clayey hill sides hold water to such an extent that crops are often lost from too much water. The usual inference is that the drainage is good because there is a slope. This 3 a mistake, as heavy clay holds water for a very long period unless there be means for drawing it away from beneath. In case of heavy clay on a hillside being underlaid with rravel or sand we have a condition that may be counted as an exception. Where the land Is sandy of course level culture may be fol lowed,, unless there are obstructions to the draining away of the water. Some Wheat Tests. At the Pennsylvania station some tests with wheat gave results that were summarized as follows: 1. The yield of grain from the dif ferent varieties of wheat varied great- 2. The bearded varieties gave the largest yield of grain and of straw, and the grain per measured bushel was heavier than that produced by the beardless or smooth varieties. 3. In general, the smooth chaff va rieties were injured more by the Hes sian fly than the bearded chaff varie ties. 4. Late sown wheat was Injured less by the Hessian fly than that sown early. 5. -The difference In the yield of the varieties may be accounted for In part by the difference in the severity of at tack by ihe HesiaB fly. PAWNING A Of a man with a thousand-dollar bill In his pocket and no smaller amount of money, a story has been written that traced him through many Bxperiences and took him to the verge of starvation. But, as a matter of tact, one man who had nothing small er than a one-thousand-dollar bill got through the difficulty very easily in this city a few nights ago. Ten of these coveted promissory notes of the United States had been paid to blm In the afternoon. In the pursuit of business and a modicum of pleasure he had, after the receipt of his $10,000. spent the last dime he possessed other than the big. bills. He was with some friends, any one of whom could and would have ac commodated him with sufficient mon ey for his needs, but a discussion arose about what he would do if he were a stranger In the city and had no money other than that which was in his pocket. "I wouldn't care if I were dressed as a beggar." he said. "I can get all I want so long as I have a one-thousand-dollar bill In my pocket." "You would be arrested or turned down If you tried to use It." said one. "There are not many places where $1,000 in change is kept handy. Be sides, most people would be shy of taking such a bill from any of us. We don't look as though wo carried one-thousand-dollar bills around In our pockets." "Well." said the man with the $10. 000, 'I'll bet a basket of champagne with the bunch that I can spend my MMWMMAAMMWSWWMMWWAMMAMAMMMAAAAAAAA CANNON OF From deadly implements of war turned by the enemy against the sons of the land in which they have for more than a century reposed to instru ments useful in the furtherance of peaceful industrial pursuits in that same country is the remarkable tran sition through which two large can non now In the works of the Keystone Bridge Company have passed. Cap tured, it is supposed, by Gen. Gates at the battle of Saratoga, one of the most important engagements of the revolu tion, the cannon were placed in the Pittsburg arsenal early in the last century and remained there as sou venirs until 1893, when they were bought by the old Shi flier Bridge Com pany and placed in the mill to be used as compressors. There for almost 33 years the old guns have done service, and no better tools of their kind could be found. In a dark corner of the dingy plant, hidden from sight, the greater part of the time by the great weights sur rounding them, and smeared with grease and grime, the old cannon still retain their usefulness, and beneath all the grease the royal coat-of-arms of the proud King George III. stand out, the sole reminders of the days in which they boomed in the service of the king. The royal crest is close to the old touchholes of the guns. In A AUMHONAIRE'S REPAST Jones and Smith happened to meet at the same table in a restaurant "Do you dine at thia place often?" asked Jones. "Quite often," said Smith. "It is moderate in price, at least for the common dl3hcs; the cooking is excel lent, the service good and everything is clean." "It Is pretty well patronized, too," observed Jones. "A good many mer chants and stock exchange men come here for their meals." "Yes. What are you going to or der?" "I think I'll take a steak, a glass of claret and a pudding, or something of that kind. A man on a small sal ary can't afford a swell dinner." "That's a fact. We've got to curb our appetites. I'm going to try veal cutlets, breaded, a few vegetables, an THREE STORIES IN ALL. How Witty Guide Described Mr. Cleve land's Boathouse. During Cleveland's first term as president he had built for himself a handsome boathouse on the shore of Upper Saranac Lake, near the Sara nac Inn. It was a long, low affair, with a deep excavation beneath for tho storing of boats and fishing tackle. Dave Cronk. a famous guide of the region, never tired of describ ing the glories of the president's loat house. which he regarded as the real wonder of the neighborhood. On one occasion Richard Harding Davis, then a reporter in Philadelphia, visited the president socially, and was met at the station by a native, who said he had been sent with his wagon to drive the guest to the Inn. "There's Mr. Cleveland's new three story boathouse," he said, passing the structure. "Three-story?" asked Mr. Davis. "I see but one." "Weil," said the native, "there's the story you see, the story underneath, and the story Dave Cronk's alius tcl lin' about it." A Boy and a Pup. The Ciayesmore School at Enfield, England has tried a novel experiment in allowing its pupils to keep dogs. A kennel club has been formed, of which a master is president and the boy dog owners are members. Each boy is responsible for his own dog j r, , ototo of his kennel. Build- I ings suitable for this purpose were opened by tne onnis "i -"- some years ago. Of the success of the experiment the head master says: "It has been found that the care of dogs is a sound means of moral discipline to the youth of mankind, while the; oughly agreeable to boyish inclina tions. Every one knows how dearly the English boy likes to keep a dog, and under proper supervision the pos session of such a pet tends to make him kind to all animals, while it also enables him to enjoy the open air, and in the most sensible and natural manner to learn a great deal of the common laws or nature and the ways of animal life.' New York Tribune. High Prices Paid Singers. The highest figure eves, paid to a singer at Covent Garden was the sum of $48,000, paid to Mme. AdeJiaa Fat- $1000 BILL money r freely as though these were tve-doUar bills instead of what they are. and I won't have any troehle about it, either. I'll get change the first time I try it. too. or lose tne bet. And I won't go to any man who knows me." The wager was accepted, and tho man with $10,000, taking one friend with him, walked out to a pawn shop. He said to the clerk only this: "I have received $19,000 in ten bills. They are mine and were come by honestly. It Is difficult for me. a stranger, to get a oae-thousand-dollar bill changed. Here are the ten bills. Look at them. I need some money. and I want to pawn ono of these bills for $25. If you are afraid of me. (All up police headquarters and I will sat isfy the people there by papers that I can show that I am honest. Or. if you like, call up Mr. . who paid the money to me, and he will tell you if I am all right" The pawnbroker looked at him keenly for a second and thea said: "I never took money as a pledge, but you are sober and seem all right, and you can have the $25. Give me the one-thousand-dollar bill." The pawnbroker examined the bill carefully and then, to the astonish ment of the others, took another one-thousand-dollar bill out of his safe and compared them. Then, just as he would make out a ticket for a ring or a watch, he issued a ticket for a. "one-thousand-dollar bill." turned over the $25 and cosed the transac tion. New York T':bune. , I GEORGE III. stead of powder there is now inserted in the touchholes of both pieces a pro saic water pipe that in no way seems to belong there. Before they enlisted in the industrial service of tho Key- ' stone Bridge company the heads of both cannon were removed, so that they arc now open at both ends. Through the great sixteen-ineh bore water is pumped and is forced out by long cylinders that are burdened by C0.000 pounds of steel. This tremend ous weight is released and. settling the cylinders, forces them through tho bore of the' cannon. Before them goes the water that Is thrown through the pipes against a machine known as an "upsetter." At the other end of thia machine the "T" bars used in bridge construction are placed and the ends, heated to a white neat, arc locked into the "upsetter." The force of the water from the cannon pushes the machine against the end of the bar ami starts the head, that is later finished in tho big five-ton hammer. Day after day these huge guns have performed this humble work, and when one looks at the proud cre3t of the King of Eng land ho wonders if. were they pos sessed of life, they would not feel hu miliated at this sad fall from their former calling that of battling for glory and victory and empire. Pitts burg Leader. omelet souffle, and a pint of porter. I can't spend more than three or four shillings for a mere lunch." "That's about the figure for me. Now. if I could afford such a meal as Tubbles over there at that table in the comer is about to order. I'd have something worth talking about." "You bet What do you suppose Tub bles is worth?" "He's worth $1.000.00V Jones and Smith looked enviously at the table in the corner, where the rich man. with the bill of fare before him. was knitting his brows and pursing tip his mouth in the effort to decide what he wanted. After studying the printed slip from top to bottom several times he seemed to have come to a con clusion. "Waiter," he said to the official standing respectfully by. "bring mc a roll and butter and a cup of coffee." WWWWWW.M'AA''pMM in 1870 for sixteen appearances. Mme. Patti has, however, beaten this record in her American tours, when she haa obtained, as she did at New Orleans, as much as $ti.O0O a night. M. Jean de Iteszkc holds the record for male singers, his contract for six teen appearances being $30,000. while the famous Polish tenor never fails to stipulate for free hotei expenses and a certain sum for carriage and horses. The famous Lasalle has always drawn his 2.000 a performance, ami during the Golden Jubilee of 1887 he appeared with the two De Itczkcs at one time on the stage, the aggregate of their nightly salaries amounting tc ovor $5,000. One Way to Spend a Holiday. Last year a young English barrister published a fascinating account of the four weeks' holiday lie had spent among the gypsies as one of them ' selves, leading the caravan horses," sleeping in the open, helping to cook the primitive meals, and exploring, under the most delightfully tinconven tionai conditions, some of the prettiest byways of the southern counties. "I returned from this holiday," he says, "with a store of health and energy and a fund of happy memories which no other conceivable holiday conic" have given me. and if my readers wist to have an ideally enjoyable time every hour of which is crowded witt novel and delightful experiences, lei them do as I did, and go 'a-gypsy ing.'" A Futile Mercy. The Society for the Prevention of. Cruelty to Animals means well by it& distribution of a couple of thousands' of bonnets for horses. But there will be no real diminution of the aggregate suffering of the world as long as th3 society contents itself with giving ' bonnets to horses. A horse canmtt talk at night or go through a man's pockets when he sleeps of exhaustion . in the gray dawn. Nor can a horse obtain credit at a milliner's, to the despondency of the man who has ac quired the right to pay some one's bills. What is needed is a Society -for Distributing Bonnets to Indignant ' Females. '-A mere horse has not sour enough to know if its hat is on straight The tree of knowledge - Is- mot th treeof MXj, - . -V - ' ij . Zc Jb& - ,i2Li a-'- A- - i- -- v .-
