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-ON THE
fBrmt Hirtt Mar &. 1902.)
mad Ion we rode behind you.
Comrade, on the olden trail;
By tlra canon, by the mesa.
Hearts of ours caught up your balL
9Pfcen the golden popples flicker
Obi the foothills slope to-day.
firhere the burnt breath of the sage bush
lingers faintly by the way.
How the hurrying hoof-beats clattered
In those keener hours of old;
Frolic death and grimmest living
Playing out their game for gold. .
rard and pistol He together.
Lightly droped as life to dust;
Honors of Gettysburg
ttm !. jtt 4L. mt-
J I shot at the battle of Gettys-
ourg nas oeen Claimed Dy
three regiments, the Second
Wisconsin (of Iron Brigade),
the Eighty-fourth New York (Cutler's
brigade), and the Fifty-sixth Pennsyl
vania. Attention was called to the
subject by the article oa the Iron
Brigade, published recently in the
Milwaukee Sentinel, which contained
a statement that it was the Second
Wisconsin which fired the first shot
Adjutant Charles Richardson of E. B.
Wolcott post, who has looked up the
history of the battle thoroughly, Is
convinced that his regiment opened
the battle.
"Without a desire to rob the Iron
Brigade of any rightful laurels," said
Capt Richardson recently, "I am
compelled to say that the first shot
did not come from that brigade, but
from the Second brigade of the First
division of the First army corps.
This honor was at one time claimed
by the Eighty-fourth New York of Cut
ler's brigade, but after listening to an
exhaustive argument made on the bat
tleground, in which both parties were
ably represented by surviving partici
pants, the evidence favored the Fifty
sixth Pennsylvania, and it was accord
ed the honor. Gen. Cutler, a few
months after the battle of Gettysburg
deemed the events so well worthy of
note that he wrote to Gov. Curtln of
Pennsylvania setting forth the fact
that it was the Fifty-sixth Pennsyl
vania that opened the battle of Gettys
burg, and asked that he have it so
recorded In the archives of the com
monwealth, as an act of justice to the
regiment. And so it has been done,
and this fact also appears on the base
of the monument erected by the
state of Pennsylvania on the battle
ground of Gettysburg In honor of
this regiment.
In a volume entitled "New York at
Gettysburg." published by a commit
tee created by the act of the legisla
ture of the state of New York of
which Gen. Daniel E. Sickles is
chairman, is this statement:
"Wadsworth division of the First
corps approached Gettysburg at 5:30
a. vl, July 1. and Cutler's origade
moved rapidly across the fields. As
the column comes in sight the First
Infantry on that historic field it is
seen that the blue flag carried by
the leading regiment bears the coat
"of arms of the Empire state. It is the
-Seventy-sixth New York infantry, a
regiment well worthy of the historic
numerals that form its designation.
The. leading brigade, Cutler's, is form
ed across the Chambersburg pike,
deploying under a heavy artillery fire
with the Seventy-sixth New York,
Fifty-sixth Pennsylvania and One
Sharpshooter Stories
Two
PEAKING of trees." said
Sergt Sam Grimshaw, "I re
member a good many cases In
which rebel sbapshooters
used trees very much as the
ancient bowmen used tall towers. At
Resacca, Col. Clancy, Capt Sturgis
and Lieut Duff were sitting in line
in the rear of Company B, Fifty-second
Ohio, one below the other, on
ground sloping to the west A rebel
sharpshooter go posted in a tree that
he could see to the rear of our breast
works made a line shot to catch all of
the three. He aimed well, but not
well enough to carry out his purpose.
However, the shot cut the shoulder
strap on Col. Clancey's coat cut the
blouse of Capt Sturgis at his belt,
and tore a hole in the trousers of
Lieut Duff near the ankle. Col. Clan
cey coolly remarked that the fellow
who fired that shot was well up in his
business.
"At Chickamauga Capt Charles M.
Barnett's battery, company I of the
LsstJ
The Bloody Angle
Fierce
ST. CLAIR MULHOLr
LAND in the Philadelphia
Ledger says: "About twelve
miles south of Fredericksburg
is Spottsylvania Court House,
and about the same distance west
perhaps a little more, is the Wilder
ness Tavern. Draw a line from each
of these points to the others from
Fredericksburg to Spottsylvania,
thence to the Wilderness Tavern, and
back again to Fredericksburg and
you will have a triangle in which were
fought several of the greatest battles
Was a. Shooting
-tuti mukus of Basilian were
I friendly with a sort of sullen
menamiess, and the officers
I of the garrison were nre-
pared for an outbreak at anv
time.
Five or six miles inland from
Isabela a small guard wes maintained
'it a native town and the arrangements
were that in case of an attack upon
tt by the Moros a rocket should be
UI
I
Fight svt Port Hudson
the second remise of
Union forces at Port Hud-
Jane 14, 1863. Gen.
Basks called for a forlorn
hope of 1,000 men. In his
be promised, among other
-a aMsal of honor," and this
by the highest otlcial
at that time.
IAI tte
OLD TRAIL."
Ionely by the ravished river
Sinks the pick to idle rust.
Quenched the lights of camp and village
And the hearts that quickened there.
When men laughed and starved together
With a gambler's jest for prayer.
All has passed, and you must follow
From the far Sierran line.
From the Redwoods' bullded shadow.
Wanderer of the "Forty-nine."
Since none turns or slackens bridle
On the trail where you are bound;
Rest be yours and comrades welcome
At the last, long camping ground!
Dora Grecnwell McChesncy In Spectator.
Thro Regiments Claim to Ha.ve
Fired First Shot of Battle
Hundred and Forty-seventh New York
along a ridge on the right of a deep
railway cut, with the Eighty-fourth
New York and the Ninety-fifth New
York formed on the left. The First
infantry volley, as is meet and proper,
rang out immediately from the rifles
of the Fifty-sixth Pennsylvania. With'
an echoing crash the Seventy-sixth
New York instantly followed with its
fire."
Col. William Fox also says: "The
brigade, Cutler's, was the first in
fantry to arrive on that historic field,
and to it fell the honor of opening
that famous battle, the first volley
coming from the rifles of the Fifty
sixth Pennsylvania.
"I was a private soldier In the Seventy-sixth
New York Infantry of Cut
ler's brigade at this time, and I think
I am entitled to speak without bitter
ness or malice. I could not if I would
nor would if I could detract from the
laurels won by the Iron brigade, as
I have the honor to be enrolled In
another brigade, whose fighting quali
ties have gained for it both praise and
distinction.
"The terrible losses of the Iron Bri
gade at Gettysburg no doubt show
stubborn fighting, but the fact re
mains that 'there were others.' My
regiment, the Seventy-sixth New
York, took into the fight on the morn
ing of the first day 348 officers and
men and lost 234 killed and wounded,
including the commanding officer
killed, in thirty minutes, these figures
being obtained from Colonel Fox's
book. This was a loss of only thir
teen less than fell in the charge of
the Light Brigade at Balaklava, but
with a percentage more than two
times greater, being 74.2 per cent,
while the remnant of the One Hun
dred and Forty-seventh New York,
which retreated after its half hour's
fighting, numbered only seventy-nine
officers and men out of 380 taken into
the fight The First Minnesota lost
215 killed and wounded, with not a
man missing out of a total of 262 en
gaged, a loss of 82 per cent. The
Twenty-sixth North Carolina, a Con
federate regiment at Gettysburg, lost
a trifle over 72 per cent In killed ,and
wounded only, while with its killed,
wounded and missing, its loss was
88 5-10 per cent One company of
the Eleventh North Carolina went Into
the fight with three officers and thirty
eight men and In the engagement two
of its officers and thirty-four men
were either killed or wounded.
"The Iron Brigade's heaviest loss at
Gettysburg was that of the Second
Wisconsin, which lost 181 out of 302
engaged, or 59 9-10 per cent"
Nature squares the round of pleas
ure. Good Tales Pertaining to
These Keen-Eyed Riflema
Second Illinois Light Artillery, upset
the plans of a squad of rebel sharp
shooters. Off to our right front was
a ravine extending to the east in
which were several large pine trees
all in good rifle range of the battery.
A rebel sharpshooter climbed one of
the trees in order to pick off some of
the battery boys. He had made a few
good shots when Capt Barnett locat
ed him, sighted a gun himself and
cut the tree square off about twenty
feet below the shooter. That stop
ped all attempts that day to pick off
the men of the battery." Chicago
Inter Ocean.
Pennsylvania Regiment's Record.
The Sixty-first Pennsylvania has
the record of having lost more offi
cers killed than any other regiment
in the service during the civil war.
Nineteen of its officers fell on the
battlefield. This is the greatest pro
portional loss suffered by any regi
ment Fighting That Took Place
In Circle of Twelve Mill
of the civil war. Or, perhaps better
still, draw a circle say twelve miles
or a little more in diameter with
Fredericksburg Tavern on the outer
edge, and inside that circle were fought
the battles of the first and second
Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Sa
lem Heights, the Wilderness, Po river,
Todd's Tavern, Laurel Hill, Spottsyl
vania Court House, Mine Run and sev
eral minor fights and engagements.
"Within the circle more men have
been killed and wounded than on any
ground of eqal area on earth."
Star
Signal Th.t Disturbed
ine neet off Slumbering Camp
sent up. One night the watchful sen
try at Isabela saw the long-expected
rocket shoot across the sky. The gar
rison turned out and with "It's come
at last!" started to the aid of their
fellow marines and bluejackets. But
they found the outlying post wrapped
in sleep and peace. The supposed
rocket was a shooting star. New
York Mail and Express.
Promised Medals of Honor
Not Given to Forlorn
a Dinaing contract whose terms the
government should have fulfilled
promptly, but has not Strenuous ef
forts to this end have been made
from time to time, but Ineffectually
up to the present time.
Maybe the
fun in life as
butterfly
the be
has as much
MM
! F 1 4feK t Sa Safi2 -BnSS3 ba ftmm
l ' J "
Asparagus,
From Farmers' Review: In answer
to your inquirer as to bow to -renew
or more an old asparagus bed, I would
say do neither of these, bat plant a
new bed. This Is easy to do, either
with plants or seed. The plants are
as easy to raise from seed as onions
and should be planted and cared for
the first year the same as onions.
The plants should be set out In the
spring, when one year old, and they
should not be set so closely together
as was formerly thought best, 2x4 feet
being about right A horse can be
used In cultivation, and the bed be
easily cared for. The plants should
be set in good garden soil, which
should have been plowed or spaded a
foot deep or more.
The depth to put In the plants de
pends on whether you grow for home
use or market and on the character of
your soil. On ordinary garden soil
three or four inches is best covering
only an inch or two first, leveling the
soil in after cultivation. There are
several ways of manuring asparagus
beds, but for home use I would ma
nure with barn manure in November,
after cutting the tops off close to the
ground and removing and burning
them. This mulching should be light
while plants are small, but when they
get large and strong three or four
inches of manure will not hurt them.
An asparagus bed may be cut for use
the third year after setting plants,
and should remain in good condition
for twenty-five years, especially if
plants are set a good distance apart
I will only add that the plants should
be set only on well drained soIL wet
ground where water stands in winter,
or any time, not being suitable. From
500 to 1,500 plants can be raised from
ten cents worth of seed. Frank Aikin.
To the Farmers' Review: If "Mrs.
O. A. T." will proceed as follows I
think she will have no cause to find
fault with the result If rows are far
enough apart, cultivate often. Mow
off, remove and burn the tops to de
stroy Insect and fungus pests. Get
rid of weeds, grass and volunteer seed
lings even if it takes harrowing or
light disking. If the bed is small hand
raking will answer. Apply nitrate of
soda, mostly among the roots, about
200 pounds per acre. After cultivat
ing dress heavily with good stable
manure. If well rotted the result will
be better. Later in the fall mulch
liberally with stable manure, and at
the same time add wood ashes or
bone meal, at the rate of 300 pounds
to the acre. This mulch will hold all
snow over the roots and in the spring
should be worked Into the soil. Try
this and report result next season.
Emma Clearwater, Edgar Co.. I1L
Legumes In Orchards.
A. A. Hinkley: For fertilizing or
chards the value of some of the
leguminous plants is admitted, though
they are not yet in general use. The
details of their growth, cultivation
and utility are subjects for study and
consideration, that we may learn how
and when to use the different varie
ties to the best advantage. Their roots
penetrate deep into the soil, making
it more porous and decompose more
or less of the hardest substances with
which they come in contact The
roots also support bacteria, which
have the power to change the free
nitrogen of the air into plant food.
The thick epidermis of the leaves pre
vent rapid evaporation from their sur
faces, the heavy foliage shades the
ground, checking the loss of moisture
by the direct action of the sun and
wind, at the same time keeping the
temperature of the soil at a lower
point through th) hot months, than if
clean cultivation was used.
The cow pea is the more generally
known, and different methods of cul
tivation are practiced. The common
plan in my locality is to plow the land,
harrow it onc3 or twice and pxant the
seed with a wheat drill or double row
with a corn planter, then leave the
crop to take care of itself. Some
times the seed is sown broadcast on
freshly plowed land and harrowed in,
there is always some of the seed lost
by this method in a dry time. After
the plants are strong enough to resist
the teeth of the implement in use,
they might be harrowed or gone over
with a weeder to advantage.
I claim better results are obtained
by thorough preparation of the seed
bed, than planting in rows, about thir
ty Inches apart and cultivating shal
low, keeping the surface level, until
they shade the ground. I think the
difference In yield is more marked on
poor land than on land well supplied
with humus, even then the seed saved
and the benefit to the soil of good cul
tivation is worth considering. Plant
ing this way one bushel of seed will
be sufficient for four to six acres. The
seed should not be planted until the
ground is In condition to germinate
it without delay. The cow pea is
from a warm climate and the seed
will rot sooner than corn in a cool,
damp soil.
Fruit that the farmer picks from
his own vines, bushes or trees, Is far
superior for home use to that that is
purchased' in the market Market
fruit must be picked before it Is at
its best while the fruit for the farm
er's table can be picked at its best as
it is needed.
A good orchard on a farm will do
more to sell the farm than any other
thing of like cost
Pandora's Box.
Epimetheus gingerly pried open the
lid of Pandora's box, and watched all
the evils of the world fly out With a
shout of joy he pressed her to hi3
heart "Dearest," he exclaimed, "you
are so good!"
Surprised at his pleasure, his beau
tiful wife asked. "And what did you
think was in it?"
"I was afraid." he replied, "that it
was one of those bargain boxes of
cigars."
Thankful to have escaped such s,
terrible fate, he again filled the air
with rejoicing.
.Draining a Cew Pasture.
A correspondent of the Farmers'
Review wishes some of our readers
to give him their experiences In the
draining of land Intended for a cow
pasture. The land Is low, but there
is sufficient fall to take off the water.
If possible be wishes to avoid the use
of drain tile: A response is request
ed. Halter break the heifer, it will add
to her value as a dairy cow.
is hard to excel ma
t
Red Caps.
This variety, says a government-report,
is the largest of the Hamburg
class, their size averaging that of the
Minorca. Red Caps are an old breed,
mention of them being made by some
of the old authors. They are not as
popular as the Hamburgs, there being
difficulty In breeding them with good
combs and clearly defined plumage.
Their huge combs stand la their way
as popular birds, and unless the combs
are square and even it makes a miser
able sight Redcaps are hardy and
mature early, and, like Hamburgs, are
excellent layers. For market purposes
they are good, their size and quality
of flesh being recommendations for
popular flavor. They are reputed to
be non-sitters, though occasionally
they are known jo sit and hatch
broods.
The comb Is rose, the larger the bet
ter, and not overhan-ng the eyes,
square in front and uniform on each
side. It must be firm and even upon
the head, without inclining to one
side, the top covered with small points
and corrugations, terminating at the
rear In a well-developed, straight
spike, and bright red in color. Wattles
and earlobes are also a bright red. In
plumage the male and female are red
and black; the head is red; with blue
black hackle, etch feather edged with
red; back is red nd black, and
-Head tt Bedeap eMB.
is purplish black. The shanks art
slate-colored. The standard weight of
cocks Is 7tt pounds; hens, 6 pounds;
cockerels, 6 pounds, and pullets, 5
pounds.
Combine Poultry Raising and Farming.
Poultry raising as a separate busi
ness is very much more difficult to
manage than is poultry raising when
combined with farming. The farmer
has a decided advantage. In the first
place he can usually utilize the extra
help to advantage and much help that
would otherwise be wasted can also b
utilized. The feed question is not
such a great one for him as for thG
professional poultry raiser. He raises
the feed and thus saves the cost ot
commercial handling and the middle
men's profits. This makes a consid
erable balance in his favor. At cer
tain seasons, as in the fall after the
harvests have been gathered, Immense
quantities of feed are produced on the
farm, such as the second growth of
young clover. If the fowls, have a free
range the Insect supply Is not an un
important factor, which is not the case
on the ground of the professional poul
try raiser. When insects are plentiful
the fowls are most profitable. The
range alive with Insects Is a great
thing for the young and growing birds,
as it Induces a very large amount of
exercise and establishes their health
The marketing of eggs and poultry
Is also worked into the trips that are
taken to the city for other things. In
fact the raising of poultry Is essen
tially a part of the scheme of general
fanning that cannot be cast aside.
A Fancy Poultry House.
From Farmers' Review: Can any
of the readers of your xaper tell me
how to build a fancy poultry house
that will accommodate not less than
twenty breeds of fowls. I do not in
tend to keep more than halt a dozen
of each variety. My objects in keep
ing them are pleasure, education, and,
lastly, profit Profit Is not the leading
object If it were I should not attempt
to keep more than one or two varie
ties. I live in town and do not want
to disfigure the landscape by putting
up an unsightly building or unsightly
yards and posts. I wish to keep the
breeds distinctly separate, so that I
can know what each variety is doing.
Now, what kind of a building will be
best? Shall it have a common roof
or one that slants only one way. Can
the latter kind of a roof be made artis
tic in looks? Any light that I can get
on the matter will be greatly appre
ciated by the inquirer. M. M. P.
Buff Orpingtons.
From Farmers' Review: We have
not kept an egg record of our Orping
tons, but expect to this fall and could
then give you their record. They are
a quicker maturing chicken than any
we ever raised except the cross Barred
Rocks and Buff Cochin, but the Or
pingtons far surpass them In the qual
ity of the flesh, it being a fine, tender
grain. Their weight when mature is
from seven to nine pounds In the hens
and from eight to twelve in the cocks.
They begin to lay at five months and
keep It up all winter. Their white
skin and plump breasts make them a
nice looking fowl when ready for cook
ing. Percy W. Hutton, Linn County,
Iowa.
Brimstone Fumes as Egg Preservative.
At the R. L Station, on May 18, 1899,
twenty Leghorn eggs, similar to those
used in the previous tests, were sub
jected for one hour to the fumes of
burning brimstone and then packed,
in flowers of sulfur. Result: Good, 0
per cent; bad, 100 per cent On ex
amination, May 31, 1900, the shells
were somewhat discolored in spots.
The sir cells were considerably en
larged' and contained more or less
green, black or white mould. In some
cases the yolks were stuck to the sida
of the shell. Some yolks were gummy
and others cheesy. These eggs were
all stale and many of them rotten.
Carrying Eggs to Market
From the Farmers' Review: What
method of packing is best when eggs
are to be carried to market in the
farm wagon? I know that if we have
a good many eggs, my twelve dozen,
a regular packing box should be used.
But we have only a few dozen to go
at a time and of course do not And
it convenient to bother with a pack
ing box. We have tried various ways
with more or less of success. Per
haps among the readers of the Farm
ers Review are some that cam gfre
me some Tamable hints en the
Gary.
Every Facility.
The testing of cows as to their
rilk quality and production may seem
something that takes a good deal of
time. This Is not so. If every faculty
be provided. Scales should be ar
ranged la the stable and near the
cows, so as soon as a man has milked
his cow he can step to the hook, hang
his pan oa It for a second, record the
weight, register it on the chart hang
lag oa the wan and go bis way. This
takes but a moment's time. But ev
ery facility should be provided. The
scales should act be sitting on a table
or beach where it will take a dozen
unnecessary steps to reach them, but
should be oa the nearest wall. The
milk sheets also should be tacked to
the wall and a pencil should be hang
ing near it If the record is kept In
a book it takes a minute or so to find
the book, open to the page and make
the record. This Is too much time to
have to devote to this work at the
milking of each cow. It the sheet is
placed on the wall the work Is almost
instantly done. The arrangements
for testing should be also complete.
If composite samples are to be taken
the spoon for stirring the milk should
be ready and the bottles into which
to pour the samples. No extra steps
should be necessary and no extra
manual labor. Every facility being
present win make the work popular
and lead to its continuance. Lack of
facilities win cause the work to be
neglected in the case of emergencies
on the farm and this In turn will ren
der the tests and weighings of. less
value than they would otherwise be.
Only Good Cows,
In the great business world no man
now thinks of succeeding with in
ferior machines. The farmer that
keeps cows should take the lesson
to heart and discard all dairy ma
chines cows that are not up to
modern requirements. No matter
what a machine costs, it Is better to
throw it out on the dump than use it
at a constant loss. Only good dairy
machines can be profitably used. The
good cows make butter at a profit
The ordinary dairy cows make butter
without profit or loss, and the poor
cows make butter at a loss. Now it
Is evident that no matter how much
a cow costs, it is best to send her to
the butcher if she either loses money
or makes butter with no profit There
are In the hands of farmers many
cows that have cost a good deal of
money once and were perhaps good
cows at one time, but have outlived
their usefulness. These should be
fattened up at once and sent to the
butcher. Some men say they will fat
ten and dispose of their cows a few
months hence, when they have dried
up. But what is the use of keeping
cows at all if they are losing money
for their owners every day. The
sooner they are sent away the richer
win their owners be. Farmers and
dairymen can afford to keep only good
cows. All others are a detriment to
the farmer and the farm.
Minnesota Fears a Dairy Trust
Reports continue to come from Min
nesota of the attempts of great mon
led interests to get control of the
creamery butter Interests. One of
the officers of the state dairy commis
sion declares that the time is near at
hand when the co-operative creamer
ies win have to fight for existence.
Big concerns will be established at
central points and these will pay big
prices for cream till they have anni
hilated the creameries, after which
they win buy butter at their own
price. In like manner big establish
ments In St Paul and Minneapolis
will attempt to get control of all the
cream within 150 miles of these cities.
In the meantime some of the big
packing firms of Chicago are taking
steps to secure control of the output
of a good many creameries in the
state, paying an advance over the
market price ( for the goods. The
firms are evidently planning to spend
a good deal of money in the develop
ment of this new line of interest
The near future will see tremendous
changes in the butter trade. The
event to be feared is the formation of
an Immense butter trust that can con
trol the price paid the producers and
also the price to be paid for butter
b? the consumer.
For a Kansas Dairy Commissioner.
The dairymen of Kansas are mov
ing for the establishing of a state
dairy and food commission. At the
present time that state has nothing
of the kind, the present law prohibit
ing only the adulteration of milk and
vinegar. Many of the progressive
dairy states have well-established
commissions, while in some others
the laws pertaining to the adultora
tion of dairy products are adminis
tered by the state boards of health.
It is claimed that Kansas manufac
tures 50,000,000 pounds of butter per
year. The state developed along this
line with great rapidity during the dtv
pression of a few years ago, and there
is no doubt that a dairy commissioner
would find enough to keep him busy.
Nurse Crops.
It appears from our results that
nurse crops, as a rule, are inadvisable.
Barley Is the best, as it is more open
and does not shade the young clover
and grass plants so much, and as it
comes off the ground earlier than oth
er cereals, it does not extract so much
moisture and leave it in such a dry
condition. Oais, wc::i and rye are
not considered successful nurse crops,
and In fact our experiments indicate
that it would be much better to dis
card the nurse crop altogether and
devote the land exclusively to seed
ing to clover and grass. The attempt
to "kill two birds with one stone" in
that it is hoped to get a crop of wheat
and also a crop oi grass am, clover
from the soil during tns same year
has been own to be a failure so re
peatedly that furtner discussion is
unnecessary. Andrew M. Soule.
Shade in Pastures.
From Farmers' Review: I am on
the point of creating a cow pasture
3Ut of stump land. Can any reader
sf the Farmers' Review teU me what
is the best kind of trees to use for
pasture shade? I think trees are bet
ter than sheds for the reason that
they permit the passage of air be
neath them in all directions. I pro
pom to establish a few groves of
trees here and there. I hope to hear
itom some one through the columns
af the Farmers' Review. J. H. Scott
Water Rent Is High.
' The Brazilian coast city of Bahia
las about 20.000 inhabitants, who i
ire hi 17,000 houses. For each house
IS a month water rmt mm be paid.
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Fattening Sheep in the Cent eH.
Prof. W. A. Henry: A new indus
try has sprung up within the com
belt In the last decade that of fat
tening "plains" sheep in' the corn
wing centers. la the wiater of IStt
and 1890 there were fatteaed la the
state of Nebraska 625.000 head of
plains sheep, the great corn crop of
that year forming the basis of op
erations. Briefly the system is as
follows: During the summer, plains
sheep are purchased. In New Mexico,
Colorado, or other western ranges.
These sheep are gradually moved
eastward, grazing as they go. Often
they are dipped ea route to destroy
scab or make sure there is no scab,
the bane of the feeder under this
system. By the time corn is ripe
the sheep have reached some place
where it is on tale in vast quantities
and at a low price. A corral or en
closure is made of pickets, and Into
this the sheep are driven, to remain
until fattened. Sometimes there are
sheds for shelter, usually not Often
20.000 to 30,000 are divided late
bunches and fed at a single point
Wild hay Is unloaded against the
picket fence, through which the sheep
feed. The only labor In handling the
hay after unloading is for aa at
tendant to keep it moved p close
to the fence. From one and a halt
to two bushels of corn fed In troughs
are required per day for 100 head of
sheep. To this is usually added a few
pounds of oil meal. The feeding con
tinues about 100 days, the sheep
gaining on an average about 15
pounds per head during that time.
The profit comes mainly from in
creasing the original value of the
sheep. The industry is an Irregular
and uncertain one. If scab breaks
out as it is liable to do, there is
often a heavy loss to the feeder.
Again, the profit depends upon the
price of corn, which varies greatly
from year to year and cannot be
foretold much In advance of the time
of feeding.
Large numbers of Montana sheep
are fed in much the same manner in
Minnesota on the screenings from
mills and elevators. This feed is
proving excellent for the purpose. Be
cause of bits of straw and chaff in
the screenings, fattening sheep do
not surfeit so easily on screenings as
on corn, and they may even be fed
without giving any hay in addition.
The Practice of Cross Breeding.
Prof. C. S. Plumb: The practice of
cross-breeding is, excepting one gener
ation, and that for the butcher, usually
unsatisfactory. This policy seems to
set free in succeeding generations
weaknesses and undesirable qualities
that had apparently lain asleep in the
well-established breed qualities that
the Improvers had in the pure breed
fairly suppressed. Undoubtedly the
nearest successful approach to cross
ing lies in the use of very high-class
males on grades of the same general
type. In this way herds are bred up
and improved, so that really fine herds
are developed by discriminating breed
era. At our fat stock shows provisions
are made for showing two classes of
fat steers pure bred and grades of
cross breds; and while numerous pure
breds, and high grades, are shown, it
is not often that steers from pure-bred
parents crossed are shown. Yet high
grades and cross-breds have won
many a ribbon over the pure-breds,
though ail such crosses are usually
the result of mating animals of very
harmonious qualities. When such
crossing is done, the new blood for one
generation seems to give added vigor
and strength to the feeder. And so
authorities on breeding are very gen
erally agreed that the value of cross
ing lies mainly in producing for the
butcher.
Feeding Oat Straw.
From the Farmers' Review: Do you
think it a good plan to have oat straw
stacked in pasture, so stock can run
to it in winter? How does straw af
fect milch cows? Chas. P. Power,
Sangamon county, Illinois.
We consider the use of oat straw ia
this manner wasteful and not calcu
lated to give best results with cattle.
It is bettet to cut the stack with hay
knife and feed straw from racks as
required along with corn fodder and
other foods. Care must betaken to
supply plenty of water and salt when
cattle are eating straw to prevent con
stipation. Bright oat straw is excel
lent food for milch cows when fed in
conjunction with other foods. A favor
ite plan of feeding it is to run it
through a cutter, then wet and mix
with meals or pulped roots and mo
lasses. A sprinkling of the latter will
make such food palatable. In our
opinion, where the straw is fed from
stack as you propose the food is
soiled, bleached and rendered less
nutritious.
Potato Alcohol Boomed.
No less a personage than the Ger
man Emperor is reported to be boom
ing the use of potato alcohol. He
wishes to create a stronger demand
for an article that the German farm
ers can produce in abundance. He
believes that as a source of heat the
potato can be made to supplant coal
to some extent and to a still greater
extent take the place of gasoline. In
many of the small motors used he
believes that potato alcohol can be
employed to advantage. In accordance
with the wishes of the Emperor, po
tato alcohol Is to be used In the mo
tors of the harbor boats at Bremer
haven, and It is reported that one of
the international steam packet com
panies has agreed to do the same
thing. According to the reports Herr
Krupp is to use alcohol in his motors
for shifting guns. The motors ia urn
by the army and navy are to use this
fuel as far as possible.
Hens That Fly.
From Farmers Review: If any of
your readers can tell me how to pre
vent light fowls from flying over the
fence I wish they would. It is a little
too much trouble to have to be forever
clipping their wings. One clipping
does not do the work. Of course the
top of the run can be covered, but
that is too expensive. Mary James.
Birds That Sing as They Fly.
Besides the skylark, a number of
other birds sing as they fly. Among
these are the titlark, woodlark. water
peppet, sedge warbler, willow warbler
and win chat
A person suffering from any dis
ease, or who has been exposed to a
contagious disease, must remala away
from, the cows and the milk.
More crops are raised by lack ot j
drainage than this world dreams ot I
WERE USED
"Tea years ago whea I was the
ager of a sugar miU la Cuba." said a
merry traveler, who is stopping at oae
of the city hotels, "I found that every
teamster oa the plantation wm ia the
habit of swearing at bis mules with a
liberality to make a Yankee's hair stand
oa end. Ia place of a whip the mea
used oaths, and if a team got stuck
they were jumped oa with a string
of oaths a rod long: I didn't like it
and one Monday morning I gave or
ders that there wm to be no more
swearing. We were cutting and haul
ing cane, and things dragged along la
a way to vex me. I held oa to my
temper until after mid-afternoon, and
then discovered that our four teams
were stuck down ia the field and there
wm no cane for the grinder. Jumping
on my pony, I rode down to the first
teamster, who wm smoking and tak
ing things easy, and yelled out to
know why he didn't come along.
"'Senor. the mules are stuck.' he
calmly replied.
"Then put on the whip and make
'em pull out,' I said.
'"I have put on the whip, senor,
and it was no use.'
"I took the whip and lines from his
hands and encouraged the team, but
they wouldn't pull ten pounds. I took
them by tne bits, but they only sagged I
back. I called all the drivers to give
WMWWWWWW0WWWWMWWWWWWWMMMWWMWWWWWW
POWBROPTHB SUN 2
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There have been many attempts to
harness old Sol, to make him work
at man's bidding so that his rays,
trapped and put to new uses, shall
take the place of coal or wood as a
producer of motive power. Clever
minds in all ages have been at work
to devise the necessary trap. Several
more or less practical machines have
resulted, but none so perfect, so full
of promise as the great sun motor now
engaged in storing up the sun's heat
at the well-known Pasadena ostrich
farm in California
By the sun's heat water is boiled,
the steam working a powerful engine,
capable of pumping some 1,400 gal
lons of water in a minute.
From a distance the California sun
motor looks like a huge open um
brella inverted and with a piece sawn
off its top. It Is balanced so on a
high steel framework and is set at
such an angle that it will catch the
sunbeams on its 1,788 mirrors. Each
of these mirrors measures two feet
in length and three inches across and
reflects the sunshine on to a long
cylinder corresponding to the handle
of the umbrella, which holds about
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Qlen Bowles of Costello, Pa., will
never stop again to be Good Samari
tan to a deer in trouble.
Passing along an old woods road
he saw a fawn lying in a clump of
bushes. As the fawn did not move he
walked up to it and found that it was
bleeding from an injury In its shoul
der. With the intention of taking the
wounded fawn home with him and
doctoring it, Bowles was stooping to
lift it up in his arms when the fright
ened little animal began bleating pit
eously. It had scarcely uttered its
first cry when Bowles heard a com
motion in the brush, and looking up
saw two deer, a big buck and a doe,
bounding toward him.
The buck had on a fierce front, the
bristle on his neck standing erect and
his eyes blazing with fury. Bowles
hastily climbed a tree. He got out
MMWWMWM
CHANCES OF A BURGLAR.
He Is Not the One Usually Who Is
in Danger.
A man who was arrested by local
detectives a few weeks ago and after
ward sent to the penitentiary on a
charge of burglary, talked freely to
the officer concerning his manner of
living:
"Will you tell me why you prefer a
life of crime to that of an honest, up
right man?" the detective asked him.
"I have often wondered." added the
officer, "why burglars will take such
desperate chances, when so frequently
there is but little to be gained."
"But we don't take the chances,"
said the burglar. "The man who
comes after us takes the chances. He
takes his life in his own hands when
he leaves his beu-chamber and goe
In pursuit of an unwelcome caller.
The odds are all against him and in
favor of us. We know where we are
and have an idea from where the oc
cupant of the house will come. Of
course, we only go to rob, and, when
necessary, to fight. No burglar is
going to get caught if he can help it.
even if he has to resort to murder."
"Still." the detective reasoned, "you
are bound to be in danger some time,
and that some time I should think,
would deter you from taking the
chances."
"There are remote chances," the
burglar said, "but they are so remote
that they are never considered. If
you will consult the records you will
see that not one burglar in a hun
dred cases ever gets hurt. Until there
is a great change in the results you
may depend upon it that burglaries
will not cease." Washington star.
Training German Soldiers.
The German soldier is trained to
maneuver in all weather and at all
seasons. Extreme cold, is of course,
a great obstacle to the mobilization
of troops. Billeting is not always
possible and the alternative of sleep
ing In tents with the snow lying deep
on the ground and the thermometer
below zero seems at first sight im
practicable. Nevertheless, It has been
found that, with due precaution, the
'men suffer no ill effects from the e.v
posure. The tents- used for this pur
Ipose are very small, as these are
,fcund to be warmer than the large
ones. Indeed, the temperature inside
"the canvas is generally twelve de
grees higher than outside to begin
with, and of course, rises when th
tent is occupied. Hot coffee is served
to the men at Intervals of two hours
throughout the night
TO OATHS
Staff) Oaaef
the wheels a lift, bat the mules never
edafoot
There Is some trick about this.
Ill discharge all of you to-night. .
I shouted at the drivers as I raged
about the wagon.
" 'If the senor wiU but let me provo
to him.' answered one of the men.
" 'Prove what yo& rascal!'
That I must damn the eyes, noses,-'
hearts, teeth and legs of these mules;
that I must abuse their fathers and
mothers; that I must call them a thou
sand bad names and hurl a thousand
oaths at them or they will not do their
best'
"Then go ahead.'
"The fellow jumped up and lifted
the lines, drew a long breath and for
three long minutes he used every cuss
word known to the Spanish tongue.
He was tapering off for want of wind,
bHt still at it. when the mules shiv
ered and shook themselves, then
pulled the w,heels clear, and set off at
a trot and as I reached the mill after
them the driver leered at me and said:
' 'Senor, you see how it is. You can
grind the cane in the American Ian-.
guage, but you've got to drive the
mule In the Spanish or there will bo
no sugar.' "Detroit Free Press.
It is hard to be healed when wo
hide our wounds.
ms.V
100 gallons of (irater. The boiler
is made of steel, covered with a heat
absorbing material.
The hot. persistent California sun
that shines almost every day of the
year when reflected from the mirrors
on the boiler, causes such heat that it
is possible to obtain 150 pounds of',
steam pressure in one hour from cold
water. When the machine i.madq
ready for work a task for a- boy,,
who has merely to turn a crank until
an indicator shows that the sun" is ,
truly focused on the mirrors it will
move around so that its face is kept,'
turned to the sun all day without fur-,
ther manipulation under the force of
an automatic engine. The boiler Ja
automatically supplied with water; a '
safety valve releasing the steam, if
the pressure should become too great .
All day, every day. from an hour
after sunrise to a half hour beforo
sundown, this tireless heat concentra
tor keeps its shining face turned to '
the sun, storing up an energy which;
may bo put to almost any use. It
works under the powerful California
sun as well in winter as in summer. :
Pearson's Magazine.
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A BUCK
Im Serfoaw Dagger
the
of range of the buck just in time to
escape a savage lunge from his horns'.
The doe took the fawn away into
the wood. The buck, however, stayed
right at the foot of the tree.- and
pranced and snorted around it at cv?
ery move Bowles made, keeping hhn
there until long after dark.
When he thought the buck hail gone
away Bowles slipped down out of the
tree and started to put behfnil him
the three miles that lay between that;
spot and home as quickly as his legs
would let him. He hadn't gone nftr
yards, though, before the buck" was
after him. Dodging from tree to tree;
Bowles made his way along tintir a
man answered his cries for help. Then
the buck abandoned the chase.
The settler who went to Bowles'
rescue said the buck was a terror to
that neighborhood and known to the
hunters as Old Golden.
WWWWWWMM
SCHEME WAS A FAILURE.
Man With Perityphlitis Denied Needed
Relief.
"Is this the office of the county .
physician," asked a man attired.. a
parently .in the garb of a hobo, who
stumbled into the office of the county
clerk at the court house yesterday
morning. Everybody shied from th;
stranger, for it was not settled
whether his ailment was smallpox or
yellow fever.
"I've got perityphlitis." continued
the applicant for medical aid, "and it
Is a bad case. It came on me a few-
days ago and now I can hardly walk."
"What? You don't mean to clas.s
yourself with H. R. II. Edward VII.."
exclaimed a bystander to whom the
remarks had been addressed. "What
you need is to see Dr. W. F. Hyncs .
and get a presciprtion from him to
admit you for thirty days to Prof. Mc
Gowan's sanitarium on the West Side,
where many patients are accommo
dated." The man afflicted with perityphlitis
smiled with a gratified air, but said
he must see Dr. Brown and get some
thing for his ailment.
"It gives you pains in the head."
he said "but after these pass off you;
have a feeling of nausea. Then i
burning sensation comes in the stom
ach, and this is the most aggravated
and terrible symptom of the disease.
"The suffering I have undergone
while in this stage of the disease is
too severe to relate. You could never
imagine the terrible pangs that
wrench and tear my frame. They
say that the only thing that will in
any way allay the awful anguish of a
man afflicted with perityphlitis is a
small glass of wine or possibly a
glass of beer. Unfortunately I have-"
not the price with me to-day, arid if
you could "
But the listener and others who
had stopped to hear the story, broke.
away and the patient had nobody to- .
help him. He loitered around the cor
ridors awhile and then left with the.
awful delirium of perityphlitis still,
upon him. Denver Times. .
For the Sleepless.
Effectiveness is claimed for 'yet an-L
other remedy for sleeplessness. Dr." ?"'
von Gellhorn employs a band of wet .
muslin, about 18 in. wide, wound ..
around the lower part of the leg. TIai .. .
bandage is covered by gutta-percha V
tissue and the stocking, and in some -z
cases is replaced every three or four . -hours.
The effect is to dilate the ves
sels of the leg, thus diminishing the . . .
blood ia the bead and producing sleap 1
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