Nebraska Newspapers

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EARLY AMERICAN PIONEER
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The Dawn
Put off, put off your mail. O kings.
And beat your brands to dust!
Your bands must learn a surer grasp.
Tour hearts a better trust.
Oh, bend aback the lance's point.
And break the helmet bar;
A noise is in the morning wind.
But not the note of war.
Upon the grassy mountain paths
-The glittering hosts increase
They come! They come! How fair their
feet!
They come who publish peace.
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Lincoln in War
Why
Surprise is often expressed by intel
ligent people that so large a propor
tion of President Lincoln's most im
portant telegrams and some of bis
letters are dated from the war depart
ment instead of the executive man
sion, and none of them from the navy,
treasury or other administrative bu
reaus. This is generally deemed a
very singular fact, and from it writ
ers have plausibly drawn the conclu
sion that Llneoln-personally liked the
secretary of war better than any of
the cabinet officers.
While this indeed appears to have
been true, it does not necessarily so
follow. He certainly held Mr. Seward
in high regard, yet he seldom went to
the state department.
In the circumstances it was not at
all singular. The explanation is easy.
War was the business of that time,
and Lincoln's eyes were always bent
to the army, especially when great
military events were impending. He
habitually haunted the adjacent war
Under the Prison Floor
One of the hitherto unwritten
stories of the civil war is that of the
military prison on the Dry Tortugas,
near Florida. It was used to confine
soldiers sentenced by court martial,
and was guarded toward the close of
the war by a detachment under Capt
W. R. Prentice, who relates in He
ctare's Magazine some of his experi
ences at his lonely post
One day twenty-four uniforms
were stolen by one of the prisoners
from the quartermaster's storereom.
It was understood what such a theft
meant that twenty-four of the most
desperate characters among the pris
oners, disguised as soldiers, expected
to pass the guard some dark night,
seize a schooner and escape.
The plan looked very feasible. For
days a quiet but careful search was
carried on. No clue could be obtain
.ed. The guard at the postern was
doubled. At last I took into my con
fidence a prisoner whose term bad
Fought on Oil Field
Operations will shortly begin in a
new field of the Kentucky oil belt
Capt S. D. Bottom, who owns the
noted Perryville battlefield, ten miles
west of Danville, has contracted with
a New York syndicate for the boring
of wells on the field, which is claim
ed to be rich in surface indications.
Here in 1863, a well was drilled to
the depth of 500 feet by New York
parties, who leased many thousand
acres in West Boyle for development
purposes. On the morning preceding
the bloody conflict between the forces
of Buel and Bragg, the expert drill
ers, who were boarding with Col.
Samuel Bottom, father of Capt S. D.
Bottom, as usual went to their work.
During the day the soldiery of the
north and south met and by 4
o'clock in the afternoon the soil
around the prospective well was soak-
Dust Saved Washington City.
"Did I ever tell you how clouds of
dust once saved Washington City from
what many people believe would have
been certain capture at the bands of
the Confederates?" asked a member
of the old Veterans' Reserve Corps,
which was on duty at Fort Stevens
during the war, to a ciowd of compan
ions in a down-town hotel the other
day. No one in the assemblage had
heard the story, and so the veteran
continued:
"It was when the army of Northern
Virginia was just outside the capital
city. You may remember that Gen.
Early, who was in command of this
particular division of the Confederate
forces, in writing to refute statements
published In Northern papers to the
effect that he could easily have
marched into Washington, said: 'I
knew the defenses were weak when I
arrived, but my troops were so ex
hausted from the enforced march that
a halt was absolutely necessary, and
the next morning I knew by clouds of
dust that reinforcements had arrived.
"That dust gentlemen, was raised
by a few men, not exceeding one hun
dred, of the Veteran Reserve Corps.
The temporary commander of this
company, a stout man of medium
height whose name or rank I did not
learn, because he wore no blouse or
insignia, placed the men in line of the
rear of and between Fort Stevens and
Fort Slocum. After making a short
speech, in which he niged every man
to do his best he directed us to
march down some distance on the
grass past Fort Stevens. Once there,
he told us to break ranks and risjht
about returning in the middle of the
main road and kicking up all the dust
we possibly could. We doubled on the
line, marching down on the grass and
coming back in the dusty road. It was
a dry season, and we all had on broad
soled shoes. We made the dust fly, I
tell you, and it is no wonder Gen. Ear
ly thought reinforcements by the thou
sands had come to the relief of the
handful on duty at the forts." Wash
ington Star.
Mexican War Veterans.
The heroes of Texas of over half a
century ago are gathered in Fort
Worth in their annual reunion. They
are the veterans of the Mexican war.
and there are but few of them with
the elastic step and the straight erect
form. The greater number are beat
with age, and the heads of the majori
ty are as white as scow. There are
about sixty of them. The youngest is
72 years of age (several being this
age), and the oldest has passed the
eigaty-ffta mtlepost It Is a grand
sad glorioes little band of patriotic
the letters far T
of Peace
And victory, 'air victory.
Our enemies are ours!
For all the clouds are clasped In light.
And all the earth with flowers.
Aye, still depressed and dim with dew,
But wait a little while.
And with the deathless, radiant rose
The wilderness shall smile.
And every tender, living thing
Shall feed by streams of rest;
Nor lamb shall from the flock be lost.
Nor nursling from the nest.
John Rusktn.
Times
the Great President Was
So Often .t Wax Department
department and army headquarters,
where abode Gen. Halleck, his military
adviser, for news and views. Head
and heart were strenuously concen
trated on the fight, wherever it might
be. His fertile brain saw, too, the
critical points in the game oftentimes
far more clearly than some of his
so-called "ablest generals."
He not only wished to know what
was going on in the fight, bnt per
formed his own part nobly. In the
beat of action or at crucial moments
his orders, suggestions and inquiries
were fired off spontaneously from
wherever he might be at the moment,
and at such periods he was generally
"over at the war department" with
Mr. Stanton.
That is the chief reason, says Les
lie J. Perry in Lipplncott's, why sc
many of his dispatches are dated 4
that department, and not because he
perhaps held Stanton in higher es
teem than the secrtary of the navy, of
state, or treasury.
Daring Attempt at Escape
Foiled in Nick off Time
expired. He only asked if a certair
cell had been examined. It had not
In it six well known desperadoes were
confined.
I went to the cell. There were fom
bare stone walls, some iron cots and
a chair no other furniture. All the
cells were floored with heavy flag
stones laid in cement, but this one
had also a good board floor above the
flags. While I talked with the pris
oners on various subjects, I examined
that floor. It seemed Bolid, and all
the cracks were filled with dust But
there was one short piece. Hitching
my chair nearer to it, I inserted my
knife-blade under that piece. It came
up. The search was over.
In an excavation made in the flag
ging were the uniforms, and muci
more cold chisels, hammers and
saws, stolen from the masons, anc"
plenty of dirks made from chisels and
case-knives. In case of failure tt
pass the guard the prisoners intended
to overpower it
Bloody Civil Wsxr Baritle
Heated Around the Derrick
ed in human blood, and more thai
1,000 men who had been cut down k
the bloody fight lay in heaps arounl
the hole in the ground. Six hundred
of the bodies were buried on the spot,
and nearly 500 were brought to Dan
ville and interred in Bellevue ceme
tery.
From that day to this nothing
whatever has been heard of the drill
era or the head promoters, and it If
supposed they joined the army oi
were killed in the conflict Repeatec
letters addressed to their former
place in New York were returned tc
Col. Bottom by the postal authorities
Portions of the old machinery are
still on the ground. The well showed
a small vein of oil, which has beer
utilized by the farmers for some
years for the lubrication of theli
machinery. Cincinnati Enquirer.
MAWWWWVWVWWWWWWWUVWW
independence in the 40s, and who by
their gallantry and bravery enablet
Texas to throw off the yoke of tyran
ny and become, as they feel, one ol
the greatest, indeed, if not the great
est state in all America. Dallas News.
May 21.
An Old Tennessee Flag.
R. C. Harris, who resides at No
1225 Lincoln avenue, Denver, has pre
sented to the state as an addition tc
the collection of war relics in the
capitol building the garrison flag thai
first floated over Fort Donelson, Tenn.,
after its surrender to Gen. Grant, Feb'
16, 1862, when Gen. Buckner surren
dered with 13,829 Confederate prison
ers of war. Later the flag was re
moved and was given by Gen. Mc
Pherson to Lieut Wesley , Cavelle of
the Eighth Wisconsin volunteers the
"Old Abe" regiment as it was known,
because of the name given to the
eagle carried by that command during
more than three years of active serv
ice. The flag is made of bunting
is 8x10 feet in size, and shows the
effects of much use. Denver Times.
Envied the Rabbit.
Col. Martin of the Twenty-sixth
North Carolina regiment, when living,
was accustomed to relate this story
of Gen. Zeb Vance of North Carolina:
"Senator Vance, then a captain in the
civil war, during a battle was expect
ing the order to fall in line with his
company. Most of his men had never
been under fire, and were very nerv
ous. A rabbit sprang up out of the
brush and darted off between the lines,
and Capt Vance used the incident to
cheer up his men. Clapping his
hands together he called out: "Go it!
Go it! Molly Cotton Tali, if I didn't
have any more reputation that you to
lose, I'd run, too.' "Dallas News.
For Book Lovers.
He that loveth a book will never
want a faithful friend a wholesome
councillor, a cheerful companion, an
effectual comforter. By sftidy, by
reading, by thinking, one may Inno
cently divert and pleasantly entertain
himself, as in all weathers, so in all
fortunes. Isaac Barrow.
The Most American City.
Montgomery, Ala., claims to be the
most American city. All its inhabi
tants except 2 per cent were bora la
this country.
An up-to-date liver that attends
strictly to business is a monopoly that
the head of a giant trust aches to
control.
Any candidate who is knifed at the
polls is apt to fed somewhat cat up.
On Ducks.
From Farmers' Review: The idea
that a duckling covered only with
down if allowed to get entirely wet
is a dead duck Is prevalent and really
good it Is that everyone almost be
lieves this. The down, if it gets en
tirely wet, is quite a while in drying,
so long that the duck is very apt to
chill; after it is feathered they shed
the water, thus protecting the down,
so it Is doubtful if ever a feathered
duck's down gets wet A down
clothed duckling might enjoy itself
in water, not cold, of a warm sunny
day, with only benefit derived from
the exercise, but how many would
watch that they got to swimming wa
ter only in such favorable times?
Thus it Is best to not allow ducklings
water in which they can swim; nor
allow them to be out in the rain until
after they are feathered. But don't
forget they must have water in a
deep vessel, deep enough for them to
cover their entire bill above the nos
trils. If this Is neglected the nostril
openings will get clogged with feed
and dirt and the duck will die. This
Is the only way they have of blowing
their nose. Ducks blow their nose
with water and hens bathe in dust
but both require lots of grit and char
coal. Little chicks and ducks require
their grit to be in the shape of coarse
sand, or at least a large part of it to
be sand. Don't let the downy duck
lings bathe in water or get caught
in the rain; they won't come In; it
might not hurt them. We nave had
some that thrived on it, but it is
risky. Emma Clearwaters.
Natural Winter Layers.
In choosing fowls for winter laying
one must be governed a good deal by
the origin of the breeds. Thus It is
not to be expected that birds of the
Mediterranean class or those deriv
ing their origin from India would
prove as good layers In the far north
as birds that originate in regions far
north. The Mediterranean classes
are without doubt good layers, but
for the coldest weather in say Wis
consin we would expect to have the
best result from the offspring of such
breeds as those that have been kept
in North China for a thousand years
and have thus been hardened in their
ancestry. The breed characteristics
will crop out often even In the laying
qualities of the birds. This Is in
direct accord with the experience of
the farmers of this country. Some
years ago the Farmers' Review sent
out inquiries as to what fowls had
been found to be the best winter lay
ers. A large number of answers were
received, and the majority of the re
plies favored the Black Langshan
The Black Langshans ore from north
China, a region where the mercury
sinks down sometimes to 40 degrees
below zero. For summer layers we
- rould select some breed from tropical
or semi-tropical regions, such as the
Leghorns and the games, but for
winter layers we would select al
ways birds that have originated in
colder climates.
Balanced Rations for Chicks.
Rhode Island Experiment Station:
One mixture of seeds was made as
follows, at the suggestion of the poul
tryman: For chicks from one day to
six weeks old: Mix four parts cracked
oats, one of fine cracked wheat two
of rolled oats, one-half of millet seed,
one-half of broken rice, acid two of
fine scraps. For the first two weeks
we have added one pint of millet seed
leaving out scraps during the first
week. Boiled eggs, three for each
fifty chicks, have also been fed.
After six weeks and up to ten
weeks feed the following mixture:
Mix four parts cracked corn, two of
fine cracked corn, one of rolled oats,
one-half of millet one-half of broken
rice, one of grit and two of scraps.
For chicks kept in the colony sys
tem give for grain, three parts wheat
and four of cracked corn. Also give
the following mash three times per
week, and daily after ten weeks: Mix
one part ground corn, one of ground
oats, and one of brown shorts.
To feed the meat scraps we made
the seed feed into a mash with boil
ing water, mix the scraps witn it
and covered the mass until it was
well steamed. This mash seems to
hasten the growth of the chicks.
While it seemed necessary to feed the
youngest chicks rather oftener, those
ten days old were fed mash In the
morning, green food at noon, and dry
seeds at night
The Bronze Turkey.
The bronze turkey Is at the present
time without a rival. The large size
and hardiness are not equalled by
any other of this genus. Without
doubt in the two respects mentioned
they will never be excelled, as the
fanciers that are handling them will
doubtless continue to improve them,
and will in that way keep pace with
the improvement of less important
breeds. The bronze variety was pro
duced by crossing the wild turkey
cock upon the domestic turkey hen,
and the produce was afterward im
proved by careful selection and breed
ing. Cocks of this variety have been
known to weigh from 30 to 40 pounds
and the hens as high as 25 pounds.
The query naturally arises, "What
weights will be attained in the next
fifty years, if the present rate of
progress is kept up?" Young gob
blers have weighed as high as 25
pounds at eight months of age and
young turkey hens have frequently
attained a weight of 15 pounds.
Water in Butter.
The government Is taking steps to
regulate the amount of water that can
be Incorporated with butter at least
butter that has been reworked and
that is .known as renovated butter,
rhe government is not at all certain
is to what percentage of water should
be allowed, but the department
having the matter in charge is in
clined to fix 16 per cent as the out
side limit of water allowable. The
Department of Agriculture holds to
q opinion that no butter should con
tain in excess of 15 per cent of water.
Ihe water in the best made butter
ill run from 10 to 12 per cent and
:he experts believe that three percent
"s enough margin to leave. It is re
sorted that 16 per cent is the limit
lxed by the English government re
cently, though the amount 4n some
Snglish batter 4s far in excess of that
la some cases water has been pur
posely incorporated with the batter,
vhica is a thing easy to do under cer
:aia conditions. It is an easy way of
ncreasing the bulk and weight of re
worked batter, though doubtless it de
ireases its keeping quality.
Renovated Butter.
Renovated butter is now a subject
of national inspection, though it has
not been placed under as rigid rules
as has oleomargarine. The license
that must be paid by the manufactur
ers of renovated butter is but 950 per
year, and nothing at all Is required of
the retailers. The factories, however,
are subject to regulations that make
it impossible for the manufacture of
butter and the renovation of butter to
be carried on in the same place. Thus
a renovated butter establishment must
be entirely separated from anything
else, if butter is made under the
same roof, the part of the establish
ment in which butter is renovated
must be separated from the other by
a dead wall, a wall having no open
logs of any kind. No doors are allow
able. The manufacturer of renovated
butter is compelled to give a bond of
$5,000 guaranteeing that he will com
ply with the laws in the management
of his factory. Moreover every pack
age of butter that goes out of the fac
tory must bear a notice to the effect
that the manufacturer has complied
with the law. Unless he files the
bond as specified no license is
granted. Every package of renovated
butter must bear a revenue stamp.
In the top of every package of butter
must be impressed the words "Reno
vated Butter," and if the butter Is
made into print each print must bear
these words. The factory can ship
out no package containing less than
ten pounds, but the package may con
tain any number of prints. When on
sale these prints must be k?pt in the
original package till disposed ot The
manufacturers of renovated butter are
compelled to lay their books open to
the inspection of government oflcials
and they must account for every
pound of material coming in and go
ing out of the factory.
Inefficient Skimming.
J. W. Hart: Perhaps the greatest
leak in creameries is inefficient skim
ming, through using inferior separa
tors, or on account of one or more of
the following: Overfeeding the sepa
rator, separating at too low tempera
tures, the bowl not running steadily,
or at too low speed. A separator that
will skim 3,000 pounds of milk in the
spring, should have its capacity cut
down to 2,500 in the fall to do equally
clean skimming where the speed and
temperature remain the same. The
skim milk should be tested dally, and
the information gained by testing
the skim milk should be used in reg
ulating the various factors that go to
make clean skimming. With a good
separator intelligently run the loss ol
fat in the skim milk, as compared
with the loss in running a fairly good
machine by a somewhat careless op
erator, might amount to one-tenth oi
1 per cent If the creamery receives
8,000 pounds of milk a day the lose
of butter fat in a year would amount
to 2,400 pounds which, at 20 cents s
pound would be valued at $480. This
is by no means an extreme case, and
it is likely that the loss ot fat In
skimming would have to be consider
ably greater before the patrons com
ment upon it
' Coloring Oleomargarine.
The Internal Revenue Department
of the United States has issued rules
as to how oleomargarine may be col
ored. It says that no coloring matter
may be put into oleomargarine and
that no butter containing coloring
matter can be put into it But Mlf
butter absolutely free from artificial
coloration, or cottonseed oil free from
artificial coloration or any other of
the mixture of compounds legally used
In the manufacture of the finished
product has naturally a shade ot yel
low in no way procured by artificial
coloration" the product, though look
ing like butter, will be subject to a
tax of only of one cent per pound.
This seems to us a reasonable regu
lation. It is well-known that butter
enters to a considerable extent into
the composition of some brands of
oleomargarine. The law recognizes
this and no effort has been made to
prevent this use of butter. At least
we may feel certain that the combi
nation of a small amount of butter
with a large amount of oleomargar
ine will not result in producing an
article that cannot be told from but
ter. Scoring Milk.
S. C. Keith: The Hanford-Hazle-wood
Cream company in Iowa have a
method of scoring milk as butter
judges score butter, and there is some
little rivalry among milk producers
to see who will receive the highest
average score; they take pride in
sending milk that will score high. I
do not know whether it is practicable
or not but I honestly believe that If
we could to-day pay for milk by what
it scored, and if we had a good score
system, we would see them fall into
line. The surest way to get good re
sults is through a man's pocketbook;
if you can make him realize that it
will benefit him financially and that
it Is for his interest to send in good
milk they will soon fall Into line;
they will wash their cows three times
a day if necessary, but if he thinks
you get all there is and they get
nothing they will not want to do any
thing for you.
Big Berries.
We heard recently of a shinmAnt of
strawberries where each berry was
the size of an egg. This starts a chain
of thoughts reaching from the little
wild strawberry of our fields to the
mammoth affair of a century hence.
We do not know the limits of the pos
sibilities as to the development of
size. During a few centuries we have
seen both plants and animals enor
mously increased in size through
breeding and selecting. Compare the
little wild crab apple with the mam
moth Wolf River. And what is be
yond the Wolf River apple? Perhaps
an apple twice its size. The differ
ence between the full grown wild
strawberry and the one the size of an
egg Is not so great as the difference
between the wild crab apple and the
Wolf River. We may expect from
decade to decade to see an increase
in the size of strawberries. This
fruit is very susceptible to develop
ment on account of the universality
of its cultivation and its character as
an annual. Tens of thousands of
growers are to-day developing new
varieties of this fruit, and it will be
very queer if some of them do not
find a prize bow and then. The ob
ject of all the experimenters is to
grow big berries and lots of
Well-behaved club waiters are fre
quently called to order.
Vi ' Jrj
Formation of Swamps.
John Glfford, la a book on Practical
forestry says: Vast areas ot fertile
and consist almost exclusively of the
ietritus of the forest Vegetable
natter, in the form ot humus, result
:ng from the decomposition of the
Itter on the forest floor, has formed
'n many places several feet In thick
ness. The acreage of swamp lands
-hat have been formed In tills way is
immense. In addition to large patch
28 of swamps here and there, there
ire many miles of swamp or river for
est along our southern rivers. The
process of son formation by the an
lual addition of vegetable matter may
be seen to good advantage in the Dis
mal and Okeefeeriokee swamp of the
South. By digging through tin vege
table accumulation of the Dismal
3wamp for several feet, one reaches
sand containing shells. This indi
cates that the depression in which the
swamp was formed was once an arm
of the sea. It began, no doubt, as a
salt marsh; later a few trees that
could endure such conditions found
a foothold and now It is covered with
a dense forest growth of many spe
cies. Little by little the forest de
tritus has Increased in thickness un
til the swamp has reached an eleva
tion higher than the surrounding land.
In fact, elevated swamps are common
in many parts of this country. A
swamp is usually defined as a tract
of land with or without trees, lower
than the surrounding country, and so
saturated with water as to be unfit
for cultivation. The term "swamp"
in the South usually refers to a wood
ed region that is higher than the sur
rounding land, and, when cleared and
drained forms excellent farm land.
Cause of Failure With Sugar Beets.
The raising of sugar beets is not an
easy task, especially to the western
farmer. The eastern farmer is ac
customed to hoed crops and to giving
Intensive culture, but the western
fanner has been in the habit for a
generation past of raising crops that
about take care of themselves, at
least till harvest time. For him to
attempt to raise a crop of anything
that requires constant attention and
the keeping down of weeds is a little
out of his line. Sugar beets demand
a great deal of labor and prompt at
tention. It does not do to neglect
them for some weeks, while cheap
help is being waited for. Not only
must the weeds be kept down, but
the beets themselves must be thinned
as soon as they reach the size de
manding it This is a task of good pro
portions when the beets cover a ten
acre field or larger. Labor pays well
when used In growing this crop, but
it cannot be stinted. That such labor
is difficult to get just when the beets
need it most all farmers know. The
heat of summer and the rains make
the weeds grow with surprising rap
idity, and it is at this time that labor
is employed in other things about the
farm. If there come several days of
rains that make it difficult to get onto
the land so much the worse for the
labor problem.
Drouth-Resistant Red Clover.
Very much is said about the failure
of red clover, but it is worthy of note
that some of the clover plants always
come through. Now it seems reason
able if the seed of clover plants which
are immune to the freezes of winter
and the drougtbs of summer were
carefully selected for vigor and for
the characteristics already noted that
a drougth-resistant clover could be
obtained, and If the history of the ex
periment station work Is a safe cri
terion, it can be accomplished at no
distant date. The farmer has depend
ed entirely on the seedsmen and too
little on himself in these particulars.
The time has come when the closest
attention must be given to the pro
duction of seeds for home use. It
would be clearly more profitable and
much cheaper to have reliable seeds
whose source and quality are known
rather than to waste hundreds of dol
lars in the purchase of worthless
seeds as is now done. Andrew M.
Soule.
Old Seed Corn.
In a letter to the Farmers' Review
J. S., Leavenworth county, Kansas,
says: "Please say to those answering
my inquiries about planting old seed
corn that I feel grateful to them for
their information and trouble. I
planted 80 acres of old seed corn
(raised in 1900) which bad been kept
in a good crib. I have a fair stand
and it looks well. The
Farmers' Review, however, believes
it rather a dangerous practice. While
here and there a man succeeds in get
ting a good crop of corn from old
seed, the more common experience is
to get either a poor stand, an uneven
stand or no stand at all. One cannot
afford to take chances on the corn
crop. If the seed proves bad it fa
the loss of very much more than the
seed. The cost of plowing the land
is lost and the subsequent planting
ind working. Added to this is the
rent of the land and the profit that
might accrue from a good crop.
Our Farm Plants.
The value of the knowledge of
3ur farm plants does not end with
their production. It enters very large
ly into the disposition that is to be
nade of them. Our study and knowl
edge should follow the circle from pro
tection to consumption and final re
ran to the soil. In other words our
working knowledge must be a thor
)Ugh one. In the crops we raise then,
ve should remember that the soil and
ts cultivation should be such that the
lant may have food, moisture, and
tir, and that it may also be able to
nake the best possible use of the heat
if the sun. The more nearly these
tonditions are supplied the more near
y will the plant be able to develop
lerxecuy ana tne better satisfied will
he producer be vith his efforts. F. S.
tghnston.
Shetland Ponies.
Real Shetland ponies, says Country
Ate in America, are scarcer than most
tenons imagine. At last accounts
here were only a couple of thousand,
oughly speaking, on their native isles;
.nd they are ranjdly being exported or
'polled by the admixture of other and
arger breeds. There are comparative
y few bred Shetlands in this country
md many of the ponies offered for
ale by dealers as such are really half
reeds or Iceland ponies.
A railroad engine may be roughly
aid to be equal in strength to 900
torses.
a man may ne juugea ny nis judg
ments of others. 1
Feeding Farm Horses.
Prof. C. W. Burkett of the New
Hampshire experiment station has
been conducting some experiments in
the feeding of horses. The investi
gation included the amount of water
consumed, the cost of feeding and the
method of feeding. The trials extend
ed over two years. The amount ef
water consumed was recorded in all
the tests. Both the ration consumed
and the amount of work performed
Influence the quantity ot water drunk
by workhorses, although the individ
uality of the horse has the most
marked effect In the present inves
tigation the quantity of water varied
from 25,895 pounds to 32,997 pounds
per year. Following are the princi
pal conclusions drawn by the author:
Any food stuff or combination ot
foodstuffs furnishing . the desirable
nutriment at least cost should be con
sidered In preparing rations for
horses.
A mixture of bran and corn, half
and half, Is a good substitute for corn
and oats for feeding work horses.
Corn stover is a good substitute for
timothy hay for winter feeding of
horses because of its feeding value,
the yield per acre, and commercial
value.
A change from a grain mixture,
consisting partially of linseed-oil
meal, slowly or abruptly, does not
cause a decrease in weight in horses
if a proper substitute ration is fed.
The average cost per year for act
ual food supply per horse was $74.32.
The average cost for feed per
hour's work done during two years
was 3.4 cents.
Feeding Stock in Idaho.
From Farmers' Review: The con
dition of ranges here is good this year
They consist of bunch grass, brance,
and a short grass that comes in the
spring and sometimes in the fall, if we
have the rains to start it All the
ranges that lie next to the valleys arc
pretty well fed off for from ten to fif
teen miles north and northeast From
that on the range increases in good
ness for 100 miles or more. It if
stocked with cattle, horses and sheep
more sheep than any other stock,
which are owned In flocks of 3,000 t
20,000, divided up into bands con
venient for one man to care for and
then a camp tender looks after thi
wants of the several bands. As a gen
eral thing stock are taken from the
feed yards in March to the ranges anc
brought back in November or Decem
ber to the feed yards, where hay cat
be bought for $4 to $5 per ton in one
hundred-ton lots. Horses winter ox
the ranges -without' any feeding al
most every season, and so do cattle ix
some places. The horses consist ol
common range stock. Some good cat
tie are being brought and lots ol
blooded sheep are being placed on the
range. We have a good wool marks'
and that, like our beef and mutton. It
shipped either east or west, but out
horses generally go east The blood
ed stock are more tender than native
animals and need more care, but they
bring a better price. Jason Hallock,
Washington County, Idaho.
Benefit of Grinding Grain.
Twenty head of young grade calves
were purchased by the Kansas Experi
ment station during April and May,
1901. The feed of these calves was
gradually changed to skim milk, with
what grain they would eat, composed
of a mixture of whole and ground
Kaffir corn. On June 19, these calves
were divided into two lots, as nearly
equal as possible, the lot to receive
ground Kaffir corn weighing 1,570
pounds, or 157 pounds per calf, and the
one to receive whole Kaffir corn
weighed 1,577 pounds, or 157.7 pounds
per head. Each lot was fed all the
skim milk, grain and hay the calves
would eat without scouring.
Ground Kaffir Corn Lot For the
112 days under experiment, these ten
calves consumed 14,748 pounds ot
skim milk, 1,394 pounds of ground
Kaffir corn, 2,381 pounds of prairie
hay, 125 pounds orchard grass hay,
and 6,222 pounds alfalfa hay. The to
tal gain of the lot during the experi
ment was 1,580 pounds, or 1.41 pounds
daily per calf. With skim milk at 15
cents per hundred weight, grain at 50
cents per hundred weight (plus 3 cents
per bushel or 6 cents per hundred
weight for grinding), and hay at $4
per ton, the feed cost of raising these
calves amounts to $47.37, or $4.73 per
head. The cost per hundred pounds
of gain is as follows: Skim milk, $1.40;
grain, $0.49; roughness, $1.10; total,
$2.99.
How Plants Use Carbon.
A bulletin of the Virginia station
says: During the hours of sunshine
all growing plants which feed directly
upon soil and air must have their as
similating chlorophyll-bearing cells
continually in contact with a chang
ing volume of air, in order that the
carbon, which makes up so large a
part of their dry weight, may be ob
tained in sufficient quantity from the
carbonic acid gas in the atmosphere.
But the more recent analyses of air
show that on the average it contains
but one part of carbonic acid by
weight in 2,000 parts. Now, how
much air must a field of clover breath
in order that it may produce two tons
of hay per acre? Let us see.
Boussingault found by analysis that
4,500 pounds of clover hay harvested
from an acre of ground contained no
less than 1,680 pounds of carbon, and
as this was derived almost wholly
from the carbonic acid in the air, it
must have decomposed 6,160 pounds
of carbonic acid in order to procure
it But as there is only one pound
of carbonic acid in 2,000 of air, it
follows that 12,320,000 pounds of air
must have yielded up the whole of its
carbonic acid gas in order to supply
the needed amount of carbon. Now,
one cubic foot of air at a pressure of
29,922 Inches and at a temperature of
62 degrees F. weighs .080728 pounds,
and this being true, not less than
152,600,000 cubic feet of air must have
been required to meet the demands of
this clover field for carbonic acid.
This amount of air would cover the
acre to a depth of 3,503 feet, having
a uniform normal density.
Pretty for Lawn Borders.
The "crimson clover," used as a cul
tivator, is charmtog for lawn borders
or the rear sections of narrow lots. It
may be successfully transplanted,
vith careful treatment, and will prove
a revelation to many people. The
b:ossom is vivid crimson. long, point
ed, and makes the prettiest of bou
quets. lHases suggest kisses.
'- I
00000000000000000000000000000000
la London, England, some 200 years
ago or less It was a custom among
blackguards to steal lads and men.
The thieves would trump up some
charge, carry their captives to court,
get them convicted and ship and sell
them as servants or slaves in the
British colonies of America.
During those times about the year
1760 a Jewish boy, Samuel Sanders,
was one day sauntering lazily through
die street when he was seized and
carried before a court, and there
charged by his kidnapers with clip
ping coin. Sanders was innocent but
false witnesses sustained the charge
and the lad was put on board a ship.
When the vessel came to its Virginia
landing he was sold into service for
a number of years really into sla
very. But Sanders was a strong, active
youth and he abhorred bondage. A
few weeks of his slave life set hie
mind all the more earnestly toward
escape toward flight to the South,
where the lands were broader and
the people fewer.
He fled to North Carolina. What
must have been the adventures of
that London lad! Tramping days
through dense woods and asking food
from any farmhouse or camp he
chanced to meet!
When he reached North Carolina
KiiiKiiriifri
STRANDED IN THE DESERT
Eewippcd Ship Rests ea Seeds Berderieg the Colerade P
River. V
There does not seem to be much
use for a ship in the desert country
of California which borders on the
Colorado river, yet travelers in that
region may see there a veritable
"ship of the desert." Far from any
body of water capable of floating even
a mudscow, may be found a big stern
wheel steamer, accustomed to ply up
and down the river carrying passen
gers and freight. She has been lying
there since last September, stranded
high and dry on the sands a mile
and a half from the stream's present
course.
This strange condition of affairs
has4 come about simply because the
Colorado, a mighty stream, but one
of the most treacherous of rivers,
chose to cut a new channel for itself
in the early fall without notice or
warning.
One night last September the Al
viso, Capt. J. W. Babson. tied up to
the shore a couple of miles above
Needles, awaiting telegraphic orders.
She was loaded with passengers and
supplies, and as travel is sometimes
leisurely pursued on the Colorado all
hands turned in for a good night's
sleep. Between 3 and 4 o'clock Capt
STHE BRAIN THE ONLY
S ORGAN OF THE BODY f
THAT RESTS DURING SLEEP
mldhmhdhdhdhJfcdadfclu sdh imdfcdh Idhdh.dhsfrmUhjdfcj
If the organs of the body cannot be
said to sleep neither can the volun
tary muscles. Witness the phenomena
of sleep-walking, the postillions in
stage coach days who slept in their
saddles and cavalrymen who do it
to-day; infantry who have been known
to sleep on forced marches; sentinels
who walk their beats, carrying their
guns in a fixed position while they
sleep. For all we know, policemen
may do it too. People who talk in
their sleep are familiar to all of us.
Experiments made by Speir, Arm
strong and Child on 200 college stu
dents of both sexes show that 47 per
cent of the men and 37 per cent of
the women talked in their sleep. A
number of things might be proved by
these statistics. Of these sleep talk
ers one-half of the women and one
third of the men are able to answer
questions while asleep. More women
than men could answer questions on
any subject, not alone that of which
they had been talking. It has also
been found that most sleep-talkers
are under 25 years of age.
Evidently, then, with the muscles
JV-Q-UUUU-LfVlUtU-M'V'M'V'M'V""i i
A KENTUCKY SUMMER OUTFIT
Senator Blackburn's Little Daughter
Knew What He Required.
Have any of the warm days thi3
summer recalled to the mind of Sen
ator Blackburn of Kentucky the time
he was suddenly summoned to Wash
ington, twenty-odd years ago, in the
middle of June, to look after a
small matter of patronage? His de
parture was so sudden, and the pros
pect of his staying more than a day
or two away from home so remote,
that he carried with him only a hand
bag. But business heaped upon him
after his arrival at the capital and
he was obliged to telegraph back a
request for a trunkful of summer
clothing. His little daughter hap
pened to be the only member of the
family at home when the dispatch
arrived, and, thinking it her duty to
respond promptly, she packed a trunk
and shipped it. first slipping a note
inside, as follows:
"Dear Papa: I send you all the
clothes I can find, and hope you are
well."
The trunk contained seven white
shirts, six winter scarfs, one tooth
brush, one bowie knife, and two re
volvers. It was a rueful outlook for
Blackburn, with the thermometer up
among the nineties, but he listened
to no proffered condolences. "My
daughter has done right." he said.
"She sent me what a real Kentucky
girl regards a suitable summer outfit
for a gentleman." Harpers Weekly.
The Heighth of Ignorance.
Lawyer Grover delights in nothing
tore than In hearing a good story,
and he can tell a few himself, says
Ihe Boston Record. He was telling
me of a quaint old Yankee wno nau
quarreled with his brother. The old
fellow didn't like the brother a bit.
and when the latter was summoned
lo appear in court his testimony was
subjected to considerable criticism.
"See you bad that brother of mine
ya the stand down to court yester
day," he said, as he met Grover.
"Yes."
"Have to be pretty careful about
what he tells you!"
"Why. he 13 a man of more than
ordinary intelligence. Is he not?"
-Intelligence! Why. Mr. Grover,
you could lose information talking
with that man!"
KSBSHCajf. y
by singular good luck he fell la with
that great pkmeer and leader ot dar
lag men, Daniel Boone. Boone was
then starting over the mountains ta
penetrate the fertile wilderness which
is now Kentucky. U.v liked the lad
and made him his etuipanion.
Once in the Kentucky camp See
ders took a hand la furnishing all the
simple needs ot pioneer life. He
hunted animals for food, cured skins
for clothing, cut trees for fires and
house building, made salt at the va
rious licks and gathered honey from'
the wild bees' store. In these duties
he went here and there with Boone,
and he finally scared the fate of his
friend and guide in being captured
by the Indians.
The Indians were Shawnees' and
they carried him to one of their
towns and finally adopted him as a
son and brother. Boone was also
adopted. But Boone escaped, while
Sanders was so well satisfied that he
stayed with his new people and
finally married a Shawnee girl.
The descendants of this Jewish lad
of London and Shawnee girl of Ohio
are living in honor and prosperity
to this day.
Perhaps some clouds have a silver
lining, and I guess they'll keep on lin
ing. Babson was aroused by Indians., who
warned him that for some reason tau
river was falling rapidly, and ad
vised him to pull out into midstream
as quickly as possible. This the cap
tain tried to do. but the water had
already gone down so low that .hia
prow stuck fast in the mud when he
got up steam and tried to turn his
paddle wheels ami move out into navi
gable water. And there he has stuck
ever since, becoming resigned to the.
situation perforce and hopefully await
ing the flood water that cornea down
at the time of the melting of the Colo
rado and Wyoming snows in June.
By this freak the Colorado river,
which is always accomplishing some
unusual feat, has annexed to Cali
fornia a strip of land from three
fourths to a mile wide and about four
miles long. This kind of land annexa
tion is going on all the time along
the Colorado, which is the official
dividing line between California and
Arizona. Sometimes Arizona steal:;
from California and sometimes the
state steals from the territory, but
this is the first time on record that
a steamer has been held up as a
pledge in the transaction.
and organs of the body all working,
it is the brain only that sleeps, and
by no means all of the brain. The
senses of sight, hearing touch, smell
and taste may be very much awake
while the subject sleeps. A sleeping
person hears and answers questions,
rearranges his bed clothing, covers
his eyes to keep out light, draws away
his hand when the experimenter
tickles it A child is broken of the
habit of sucking his thumb while
asleep by putting aloes on it. He is
conscious of the bitter taste and
dreams of wormwood. The nerves,
then, and the brain centers corre
sponding to them are awake. A busy
lawyer, exhausted by overwork, one
night went out to supper with some
friends, ate, talked and walked with
them, and the next day remembered
absolutely nothing of the occurrence.
He had not been drinking; the man
was simply asleep during the whole
evening. His conscious memory
that is, consciousness itself slept.
Many a man sets himself up as
hero because he has no valet.
JOKE WAS ON MOODY.
But the Great Evangelist Was in no
Way Displeased.
Henry Ward Lane of Kansas City
was at one time a warm personal
friend of Dwight L. Moody. The two
had been friends since boyhood, and
recently Mr. Lane fell to talking
about the great evangelist.
Moody's love of a joke often led
him into small scrapes, and not unfrj
quently his wit caused him to get tint
worst end of a joke.
"Moody was on a train which was
going through central Indiana." said
Mr. Lane. "It was at the time when
he first became prominent, and he
was not as widely known then as
now. As the train stopped at a lit
tle station Moody stuck his head out
of the car window and addressed .a
farmer who was standing on the
platform.
" 'Say.' he said, 'did you know Gen
eral Grant was on this train?'
"'No.' replied the farmer. 'Is he?'
"'Not that I know of. But I Just
wondered if you happened to know
he was on the train.'
"The farmer at once saw the joke
and smiled. He stood at the car wla--dow
until within a moment of start
ing. Then he said:
" 'You would never catch me on a
joke of that kind only for the fact
that I am very much worried because
the mayor of this town refuses to al
low me to bury my mother-in-law." -
" 'Well. I'll declare.' answered the
divine. 'And why, pray, does he re--fuse?'
" 'Cause she's not dead yet,' an
swered the farmer, while the grin
which overspread his countenance
showed how much he enjoyed the dis
comfiture of Moody.
"I suppose," says Mr. Lane, "that
the farmer never found out he had
been joking with Dwight L. Mcody."
Bee Exhibit at World's Fair.
Mayor Swink, of Rocky Ford, Colo.;
who has perhaps the largest bee plant
in America, is going to take his bees
to the World's Fair, and they will
work there from the time the expo-
sition opens until it closes. Mr.
Swink is willing to construct a bee- .
hives a miniature ot the Colorado
State House at Denver. This will re" -quire
about 640 hives, and in it about
5.500,000 bees will work.
A
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