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About The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 13, 1902)
; -v rr-sf-w.j v'iu-' .vV?K.t " -v - .I'W -w r1 Is. - at jbnu' ---1 vv- r2 - x . r- adeic .-- jJtir3?'' . C - H r"-Wlt 4J?i -,- fc. f - v.r- -s - .? t e . IK ,. EARLY AMERICAN PIONEER o c Haw Eat Lad Bteed Path la WMerarss That la New 4 - I i TlKiUmJIla,''fcl The Dawn Put off, put off your mail. O kings. And beat your brands to dust! Your bands must learn a surer grasp. Tour hearts a better trust. Oh, bend aback the lance's point. And break the helmet bar; A noise is in the morning wind. But not the note of war. Upon the grassy mountain paths -The glittering hosts increase They come! They come! How fair their feet! They come who publish peace. vwMvmvwwwwwA Lincoln in War Why Surprise is often expressed by intel ligent people that so large a propor tion of President Lincoln's most im portant telegrams and some of bis letters are dated from the war depart ment instead of the executive man sion, and none of them from the navy, treasury or other administrative bu reaus. This is generally deemed a very singular fact, and from it writ ers have plausibly drawn the conclu sion that Llneoln-personally liked the secretary of war better than any of the cabinet officers. While this indeed appears to have been true, it does not necessarily so follow. He certainly held Mr. Seward in high regard, yet he seldom went to the state department. In the circumstances it was not at all singular. The explanation is easy. War was the business of that time, and Lincoln's eyes were always bent to the army, especially when great military events were impending. He habitually haunted the adjacent war Under the Prison Floor One of the hitherto unwritten stories of the civil war is that of the military prison on the Dry Tortugas, near Florida. It was used to confine soldiers sentenced by court martial, and was guarded toward the close of the war by a detachment under Capt W. R. Prentice, who relates in He ctare's Magazine some of his experi ences at his lonely post One day twenty-four uniforms were stolen by one of the prisoners from the quartermaster's storereom. It was understood what such a theft meant that twenty-four of the most desperate characters among the pris oners, disguised as soldiers, expected to pass the guard some dark night, seize a schooner and escape. The plan looked very feasible. For days a quiet but careful search was carried on. No clue could be obtain .ed. The guard at the postern was doubled. At last I took into my con fidence a prisoner whose term bad Fought on Oil Field Operations will shortly begin in a new field of the Kentucky oil belt Capt S. D. Bottom, who owns the noted Perryville battlefield, ten miles west of Danville, has contracted with a New York syndicate for the boring of wells on the field, which is claim ed to be rich in surface indications. Here in 1863, a well was drilled to the depth of 500 feet by New York parties, who leased many thousand acres in West Boyle for development purposes. On the morning preceding the bloody conflict between the forces of Buel and Bragg, the expert drill ers, who were boarding with Col. Samuel Bottom, father of Capt S. D. Bottom, as usual went to their work. During the day the soldiery of the north and south met and by 4 o'clock in the afternoon the soil around the prospective well was soak- Dust Saved Washington City. "Did I ever tell you how clouds of dust once saved Washington City from what many people believe would have been certain capture at the bands of the Confederates?" asked a member of the old Veterans' Reserve Corps, which was on duty at Fort Stevens during the war, to a ciowd of compan ions in a down-town hotel the other day. No one in the assemblage had heard the story, and so the veteran continued: "It was when the army of Northern Virginia was just outside the capital city. You may remember that Gen. Early, who was in command of this particular division of the Confederate forces, in writing to refute statements published In Northern papers to the effect that he could easily have marched into Washington, said: 'I knew the defenses were weak when I arrived, but my troops were so ex hausted from the enforced march that a halt was absolutely necessary, and the next morning I knew by clouds of dust that reinforcements had arrived. "That dust gentlemen, was raised by a few men, not exceeding one hun dred, of the Veteran Reserve Corps. The temporary commander of this company, a stout man of medium height whose name or rank I did not learn, because he wore no blouse or insignia, placed the men in line of the rear of and between Fort Stevens and Fort Slocum. After making a short speech, in which he niged every man to do his best he directed us to march down some distance on the grass past Fort Stevens. Once there, he told us to break ranks and risjht about returning in the middle of the main road and kicking up all the dust we possibly could. We doubled on the line, marching down on the grass and coming back in the dusty road. It was a dry season, and we all had on broad soled shoes. We made the dust fly, I tell you, and it is no wonder Gen. Ear ly thought reinforcements by the thou sands had come to the relief of the handful on duty at the forts." Wash ington Star. Mexican War Veterans. The heroes of Texas of over half a century ago are gathered in Fort Worth in their annual reunion. They are the veterans of the Mexican war. and there are but few of them with the elastic step and the straight erect form. The greater number are beat with age, and the heads of the majori ty are as white as scow. There are about sixty of them. The youngest is 72 years of age (several being this age), and the oldest has passed the eigaty-ffta mtlepost It Is a grand sad glorioes little band of patriotic the letters far T of Peace And victory, 'air victory. Our enemies are ours! For all the clouds are clasped In light. And all the earth with flowers. Aye, still depressed and dim with dew, But wait a little while. And with the deathless, radiant rose The wilderness shall smile. And every tender, living thing Shall feed by streams of rest; Nor lamb shall from the flock be lost. Nor nursling from the nest. John Rusktn. Times the Great President Was So Often .t Wax Department department and army headquarters, where abode Gen. Halleck, his military adviser, for news and views. Head and heart were strenuously concen trated on the fight, wherever it might be. His fertile brain saw, too, the critical points in the game oftentimes far more clearly than some of his so-called "ablest generals." He not only wished to know what was going on in the fight, bnt per formed his own part nobly. In the beat of action or at crucial moments his orders, suggestions and inquiries were fired off spontaneously from wherever he might be at the moment, and at such periods he was generally "over at the war department" with Mr. Stanton. That is the chief reason, says Les lie J. Perry in Lipplncott's, why sc many of his dispatches are dated 4 that department, and not because he perhaps held Stanton in higher es teem than the secrtary of the navy, of state, or treasury. Daring Attempt at Escape Foiled in Nick off Time expired. He only asked if a certair cell had been examined. It had not In it six well known desperadoes were confined. I went to the cell. There were fom bare stone walls, some iron cots and a chair no other furniture. All the cells were floored with heavy flag stones laid in cement, but this one had also a good board floor above the flags. While I talked with the pris oners on various subjects, I examined that floor. It seemed Bolid, and all the cracks were filled with dust But there was one short piece. Hitching my chair nearer to it, I inserted my knife-blade under that piece. It came up. The search was over. In an excavation made in the flag ging were the uniforms, and muci more cold chisels, hammers and saws, stolen from the masons, anc" plenty of dirks made from chisels and case-knives. In case of failure tt pass the guard the prisoners intended to overpower it Bloody Civil Wsxr Baritle Heated Around the Derrick ed in human blood, and more thai 1,000 men who had been cut down k the bloody fight lay in heaps arounl the hole in the ground. Six hundred of the bodies were buried on the spot, and nearly 500 were brought to Dan ville and interred in Bellevue ceme tery. From that day to this nothing whatever has been heard of the drill era or the head promoters, and it If supposed they joined the army oi were killed in the conflict Repeatec letters addressed to their former place in New York were returned tc Col. Bottom by the postal authorities Portions of the old machinery are still on the ground. The well showed a small vein of oil, which has beer utilized by the farmers for some years for the lubrication of theli machinery. Cincinnati Enquirer. MAWWWWVWVWWWWWWWUVWW independence in the 40s, and who by their gallantry and bravery enablet Texas to throw off the yoke of tyran ny and become, as they feel, one ol the greatest, indeed, if not the great est state in all America. Dallas News. May 21. An Old Tennessee Flag. R. C. Harris, who resides at No 1225 Lincoln avenue, Denver, has pre sented to the state as an addition tc the collection of war relics in the capitol building the garrison flag thai first floated over Fort Donelson, Tenn., after its surrender to Gen. Grant, Feb' 16, 1862, when Gen. Buckner surren dered with 13,829 Confederate prison ers of war. Later the flag was re moved and was given by Gen. Mc Pherson to Lieut Wesley , Cavelle of the Eighth Wisconsin volunteers the "Old Abe" regiment as it was known, because of the name given to the eagle carried by that command during more than three years of active serv ice. The flag is made of bunting is 8x10 feet in size, and shows the effects of much use. Denver Times. Envied the Rabbit. Col. Martin of the Twenty-sixth North Carolina regiment, when living, was accustomed to relate this story of Gen. Zeb Vance of North Carolina: "Senator Vance, then a captain in the civil war, during a battle was expect ing the order to fall in line with his company. Most of his men had never been under fire, and were very nerv ous. A rabbit sprang up out of the brush and darted off between the lines, and Capt Vance used the incident to cheer up his men. Clapping his hands together he called out: "Go it! Go it! Molly Cotton Tali, if I didn't have any more reputation that you to lose, I'd run, too.' "Dallas News. For Book Lovers. He that loveth a book will never want a faithful friend a wholesome councillor, a cheerful companion, an effectual comforter. By sftidy, by reading, by thinking, one may Inno cently divert and pleasantly entertain himself, as in all weathers, so in all fortunes. Isaac Barrow. The Most American City. Montgomery, Ala., claims to be the most American city. All its inhabi tants except 2 per cent were bora la this country. An up-to-date liver that attends strictly to business is a monopoly that the head of a giant trust aches to control. Any candidate who is knifed at the polls is apt to fed somewhat cat up. On Ducks. From Farmers' Review: The idea that a duckling covered only with down if allowed to get entirely wet is a dead duck Is prevalent and really good it Is that everyone almost be lieves this. The down, if it gets en tirely wet, is quite a while in drying, so long that the duck is very apt to chill; after it is feathered they shed the water, thus protecting the down, so it Is doubtful if ever a feathered duck's down gets wet A down clothed duckling might enjoy itself in water, not cold, of a warm sunny day, with only benefit derived from the exercise, but how many would watch that they got to swimming wa ter only in such favorable times? Thus it Is best to not allow ducklings water in which they can swim; nor allow them to be out in the rain until after they are feathered. But don't forget they must have water in a deep vessel, deep enough for them to cover their entire bill above the nos trils. If this Is neglected the nostril openings will get clogged with feed and dirt and the duck will die. This Is the only way they have of blowing their nose. Ducks blow their nose with water and hens bathe in dust but both require lots of grit and char coal. Little chicks and ducks require their grit to be in the shape of coarse sand, or at least a large part of it to be sand. Don't let the downy duck lings bathe in water or get caught in the rain; they won't come In; it might not hurt them. We nave had some that thrived on it, but it is risky. Emma Clearwaters. Natural Winter Layers. In choosing fowls for winter laying one must be governed a good deal by the origin of the breeds. Thus It is not to be expected that birds of the Mediterranean class or those deriv ing their origin from India would prove as good layers In the far north as birds that originate in regions far north. The Mediterranean classes are without doubt good layers, but for the coldest weather in say Wis consin we would expect to have the best result from the offspring of such breeds as those that have been kept in North China for a thousand years and have thus been hardened in their ancestry. The breed characteristics will crop out often even In the laying qualities of the birds. This Is in direct accord with the experience of the farmers of this country. Some years ago the Farmers' Review sent out inquiries as to what fowls had been found to be the best winter lay ers. A large number of answers were received, and the majority of the re plies favored the Black Langshan The Black Langshans ore from north China, a region where the mercury sinks down sometimes to 40 degrees below zero. For summer layers we - rould select some breed from tropical or semi-tropical regions, such as the Leghorns and the games, but for winter layers we would select al ways birds that have originated in colder climates. Balanced Rations for Chicks. Rhode Island Experiment Station: One mixture of seeds was made as follows, at the suggestion of the poul tryman: For chicks from one day to six weeks old: Mix four parts cracked oats, one of fine cracked wheat two of rolled oats, one-half of millet seed, one-half of broken rice, acid two of fine scraps. For the first two weeks we have added one pint of millet seed leaving out scraps during the first week. Boiled eggs, three for each fifty chicks, have also been fed. After six weeks and up to ten weeks feed the following mixture: Mix four parts cracked corn, two of fine cracked corn, one of rolled oats, one-half of millet one-half of broken rice, one of grit and two of scraps. For chicks kept in the colony sys tem give for grain, three parts wheat and four of cracked corn. Also give the following mash three times per week, and daily after ten weeks: Mix one part ground corn, one of ground oats, and one of brown shorts. To feed the meat scraps we made the seed feed into a mash with boil ing water, mix the scraps witn it and covered the mass until it was well steamed. This mash seems to hasten the growth of the chicks. While it seemed necessary to feed the youngest chicks rather oftener, those ten days old were fed mash In the morning, green food at noon, and dry seeds at night The Bronze Turkey. The bronze turkey Is at the present time without a rival. The large size and hardiness are not equalled by any other of this genus. Without doubt in the two respects mentioned they will never be excelled, as the fanciers that are handling them will doubtless continue to improve them, and will in that way keep pace with the improvement of less important breeds. The bronze variety was pro duced by crossing the wild turkey cock upon the domestic turkey hen, and the produce was afterward im proved by careful selection and breed ing. Cocks of this variety have been known to weigh from 30 to 40 pounds and the hens as high as 25 pounds. The query naturally arises, "What weights will be attained in the next fifty years, if the present rate of progress is kept up?" Young gob blers have weighed as high as 25 pounds at eight months of age and young turkey hens have frequently attained a weight of 15 pounds. Water in Butter. The government Is taking steps to regulate the amount of water that can be Incorporated with butter at least butter that has been reworked and that is .known as renovated butter, rhe government is not at all certain is to what percentage of water should be allowed, but the department having the matter in charge is in clined to fix 16 per cent as the out side limit of water allowable. The Department of Agriculture holds to q opinion that no butter should con tain in excess of 15 per cent of water. Ihe water in the best made butter ill run from 10 to 12 per cent and :he experts believe that three percent "s enough margin to leave. It is re sorted that 16 per cent is the limit lxed by the English government re cently, though the amount 4n some Snglish batter 4s far in excess of that la some cases water has been pur posely incorporated with the batter, vhica is a thing easy to do under cer :aia conditions. It is an easy way of ncreasing the bulk and weight of re worked batter, though doubtless it de ireases its keeping quality. Renovated Butter. Renovated butter is now a subject of national inspection, though it has not been placed under as rigid rules as has oleomargarine. The license that must be paid by the manufactur ers of renovated butter is but 950 per year, and nothing at all Is required of the retailers. The factories, however, are subject to regulations that make it impossible for the manufacture of butter and the renovation of butter to be carried on in the same place. Thus a renovated butter establishment must be entirely separated from anything else, if butter is made under the same roof, the part of the establish ment in which butter is renovated must be separated from the other by a dead wall, a wall having no open logs of any kind. No doors are allow able. The manufacturer of renovated butter is compelled to give a bond of $5,000 guaranteeing that he will com ply with the laws in the management of his factory. Moreover every pack age of butter that goes out of the fac tory must bear a notice to the effect that the manufacturer has complied with the law. Unless he files the bond as specified no license is granted. Every package of renovated butter must bear a revenue stamp. In the top of every package of butter must be impressed the words "Reno vated Butter," and if the butter Is made into print each print must bear these words. The factory can ship out no package containing less than ten pounds, but the package may con tain any number of prints. When on sale these prints must be k?pt in the original package till disposed ot The manufacturers of renovated butter are compelled to lay their books open to the inspection of government oflcials and they must account for every pound of material coming in and go ing out of the factory. Inefficient Skimming. J. W. Hart: Perhaps the greatest leak in creameries is inefficient skim ming, through using inferior separa tors, or on account of one or more of the following: Overfeeding the sepa rator, separating at too low tempera tures, the bowl not running steadily, or at too low speed. A separator that will skim 3,000 pounds of milk in the spring, should have its capacity cut down to 2,500 in the fall to do equally clean skimming where the speed and temperature remain the same. The skim milk should be tested dally, and the information gained by testing the skim milk should be used in reg ulating the various factors that go to make clean skimming. With a good separator intelligently run the loss ol fat in the skim milk, as compared with the loss in running a fairly good machine by a somewhat careless op erator, might amount to one-tenth oi 1 per cent If the creamery receives 8,000 pounds of milk a day the lose of butter fat in a year would amount to 2,400 pounds which, at 20 cents s pound would be valued at $480. This is by no means an extreme case, and it is likely that the loss ot fat In skimming would have to be consider ably greater before the patrons com ment upon it ' Coloring Oleomargarine. The Internal Revenue Department of the United States has issued rules as to how oleomargarine may be col ored. It says that no coloring matter may be put into oleomargarine and that no butter containing coloring matter can be put into it But Mlf butter absolutely free from artificial coloration, or cottonseed oil free from artificial coloration or any other of the mixture of compounds legally used In the manufacture of the finished product has naturally a shade ot yel low in no way procured by artificial coloration" the product, though look ing like butter, will be subject to a tax of only of one cent per pound. This seems to us a reasonable regu lation. It is well-known that butter enters to a considerable extent into the composition of some brands of oleomargarine. The law recognizes this and no effort has been made to prevent this use of butter. At least we may feel certain that the combi nation of a small amount of butter with a large amount of oleomargar ine will not result in producing an article that cannot be told from but ter. Scoring Milk. S. C. Keith: The Hanford-Hazle-wood Cream company in Iowa have a method of scoring milk as butter judges score butter, and there is some little rivalry among milk producers to see who will receive the highest average score; they take pride in sending milk that will score high. I do not know whether it is practicable or not but I honestly believe that If we could to-day pay for milk by what it scored, and if we had a good score system, we would see them fall into line. The surest way to get good re sults is through a man's pocketbook; if you can make him realize that it will benefit him financially and that it Is for his interest to send in good milk they will soon fall Into line; they will wash their cows three times a day if necessary, but if he thinks you get all there is and they get nothing they will not want to do any thing for you. Big Berries. We heard recently of a shinmAnt of strawberries where each berry was the size of an egg. This starts a chain of thoughts reaching from the little wild strawberry of our fields to the mammoth affair of a century hence. We do not know the limits of the pos sibilities as to the development of size. During a few centuries we have seen both plants and animals enor mously increased in size through breeding and selecting. Compare the little wild crab apple with the mam moth Wolf River. And what is be yond the Wolf River apple? Perhaps an apple twice its size. The differ ence between the full grown wild strawberry and the one the size of an egg Is not so great as the difference between the wild crab apple and the Wolf River. We may expect from decade to decade to see an increase in the size of strawberries. This fruit is very susceptible to develop ment on account of the universality of its cultivation and its character as an annual. Tens of thousands of growers are to-day developing new varieties of this fruit, and it will be very queer if some of them do not find a prize bow and then. The ob ject of all the experimenters is to grow big berries and lots of Well-behaved club waiters are fre quently called to order. Vi ' Jrj Formation of Swamps. John Glfford, la a book on Practical forestry says: Vast areas ot fertile and consist almost exclusively of the ietritus of the forest Vegetable natter, in the form ot humus, result :ng from the decomposition of the Itter on the forest floor, has formed 'n many places several feet In thick ness. The acreage of swamp lands -hat have been formed In tills way is immense. In addition to large patch 28 of swamps here and there, there ire many miles of swamp or river for est along our southern rivers. The process of son formation by the an lual addition of vegetable matter may be seen to good advantage in the Dis mal and Okeefeeriokee swamp of the South. By digging through tin vege table accumulation of the Dismal 3wamp for several feet, one reaches sand containing shells. This indi cates that the depression in which the swamp was formed was once an arm of the sea. It began, no doubt, as a salt marsh; later a few trees that could endure such conditions found a foothold and now It is covered with a dense forest growth of many spe cies. Little by little the forest de tritus has Increased in thickness un til the swamp has reached an eleva tion higher than the surrounding land. In fact, elevated swamps are common in many parts of this country. A swamp is usually defined as a tract of land with or without trees, lower than the surrounding country, and so saturated with water as to be unfit for cultivation. The term "swamp" in the South usually refers to a wood ed region that is higher than the sur rounding land, and, when cleared and drained forms excellent farm land. Cause of Failure With Sugar Beets. The raising of sugar beets is not an easy task, especially to the western farmer. The eastern farmer is ac customed to hoed crops and to giving Intensive culture, but the western fanner has been in the habit for a generation past of raising crops that about take care of themselves, at least till harvest time. For him to attempt to raise a crop of anything that requires constant attention and the keeping down of weeds is a little out of his line. Sugar beets demand a great deal of labor and prompt at tention. It does not do to neglect them for some weeks, while cheap help is being waited for. Not only must the weeds be kept down, but the beets themselves must be thinned as soon as they reach the size de manding it This is a task of good pro portions when the beets cover a ten acre field or larger. Labor pays well when used In growing this crop, but it cannot be stinted. That such labor is difficult to get just when the beets need it most all farmers know. The heat of summer and the rains make the weeds grow with surprising rap idity, and it is at this time that labor is employed in other things about the farm. If there come several days of rains that make it difficult to get onto the land so much the worse for the labor problem. Drouth-Resistant Red Clover. Very much is said about the failure of red clover, but it is worthy of note that some of the clover plants always come through. Now it seems reason able if the seed of clover plants which are immune to the freezes of winter and the drougtbs of summer were carefully selected for vigor and for the characteristics already noted that a drougth-resistant clover could be obtained, and If the history of the ex periment station work Is a safe cri terion, it can be accomplished at no distant date. The farmer has depend ed entirely on the seedsmen and too little on himself in these particulars. The time has come when the closest attention must be given to the pro duction of seeds for home use. It would be clearly more profitable and much cheaper to have reliable seeds whose source and quality are known rather than to waste hundreds of dol lars in the purchase of worthless seeds as is now done. Andrew M. Soule. Old Seed Corn. In a letter to the Farmers' Review J. S., Leavenworth county, Kansas, says: "Please say to those answering my inquiries about planting old seed corn that I feel grateful to them for their information and trouble. I planted 80 acres of old seed corn (raised in 1900) which bad been kept in a good crib. I have a fair stand and it looks well. The Farmers' Review, however, believes it rather a dangerous practice. While here and there a man succeeds in get ting a good crop of corn from old seed, the more common experience is to get either a poor stand, an uneven stand or no stand at all. One cannot afford to take chances on the corn crop. If the seed proves bad it fa the loss of very much more than the seed. The cost of plowing the land is lost and the subsequent planting ind working. Added to this is the rent of the land and the profit that might accrue from a good crop. Our Farm Plants. The value of the knowledge of 3ur farm plants does not end with their production. It enters very large ly into the disposition that is to be nade of them. Our study and knowl edge should follow the circle from pro tection to consumption and final re ran to the soil. In other words our working knowledge must be a thor )Ugh one. In the crops we raise then, ve should remember that the soil and ts cultivation should be such that the lant may have food, moisture, and tir, and that it may also be able to nake the best possible use of the heat if the sun. The more nearly these tonditions are supplied the more near y will the plant be able to develop lerxecuy ana tne better satisfied will he producer be vith his efforts. F. S. tghnston. Shetland Ponies. Real Shetland ponies, says Country Ate in America, are scarcer than most tenons imagine. At last accounts here were only a couple of thousand, oughly speaking, on their native isles; .nd they are ranjdly being exported or 'polled by the admixture of other and arger breeds. There are comparative y few bred Shetlands in this country md many of the ponies offered for ale by dealers as such are really half reeds or Iceland ponies. A railroad engine may be roughly aid to be equal in strength to 900 torses. a man may ne juugea ny nis judg ments of others. 1 Feeding Farm Horses. Prof. C. W. Burkett of the New Hampshire experiment station has been conducting some experiments in the feeding of horses. The investi gation included the amount of water consumed, the cost of feeding and the method of feeding. The trials extend ed over two years. The amount ef water consumed was recorded in all the tests. Both the ration consumed and the amount of work performed Influence the quantity ot water drunk by workhorses, although the individ uality of the horse has the most marked effect In the present inves tigation the quantity of water varied from 25,895 pounds to 32,997 pounds per year. Following are the princi pal conclusions drawn by the author: Any food stuff or combination ot foodstuffs furnishing . the desirable nutriment at least cost should be con sidered In preparing rations for horses. A mixture of bran and corn, half and half, Is a good substitute for corn and oats for feeding work horses. Corn stover is a good substitute for timothy hay for winter feeding of horses because of its feeding value, the yield per acre, and commercial value. A change from a grain mixture, consisting partially of linseed-oil meal, slowly or abruptly, does not cause a decrease in weight in horses if a proper substitute ration is fed. The average cost per year for act ual food supply per horse was $74.32. The average cost for feed per hour's work done during two years was 3.4 cents. Feeding Stock in Idaho. From Farmers' Review: The con dition of ranges here is good this year They consist of bunch grass, brance, and a short grass that comes in the spring and sometimes in the fall, if we have the rains to start it All the ranges that lie next to the valleys arc pretty well fed off for from ten to fif teen miles north and northeast From that on the range increases in good ness for 100 miles or more. It if stocked with cattle, horses and sheep more sheep than any other stock, which are owned In flocks of 3,000 t 20,000, divided up into bands con venient for one man to care for and then a camp tender looks after thi wants of the several bands. As a gen eral thing stock are taken from the feed yards in March to the ranges anc brought back in November or Decem ber to the feed yards, where hay cat be bought for $4 to $5 per ton in one hundred-ton lots. Horses winter ox the ranges -without' any feeding al most every season, and so do cattle ix some places. The horses consist ol common range stock. Some good cat tie are being brought and lots ol blooded sheep are being placed on the range. We have a good wool marks' and that, like our beef and mutton. It shipped either east or west, but out horses generally go east The blood ed stock are more tender than native animals and need more care, but they bring a better price. Jason Hallock, Washington County, Idaho. Benefit of Grinding Grain. Twenty head of young grade calves were purchased by the Kansas Experi ment station during April and May, 1901. The feed of these calves was gradually changed to skim milk, with what grain they would eat, composed of a mixture of whole and ground Kaffir corn. On June 19, these calves were divided into two lots, as nearly equal as possible, the lot to receive ground Kaffir corn weighing 1,570 pounds, or 157 pounds per calf, and the one to receive whole Kaffir corn weighed 1,577 pounds, or 157.7 pounds per head. Each lot was fed all the skim milk, grain and hay the calves would eat without scouring. Ground Kaffir Corn Lot For the 112 days under experiment, these ten calves consumed 14,748 pounds ot skim milk, 1,394 pounds of ground Kaffir corn, 2,381 pounds of prairie hay, 125 pounds orchard grass hay, and 6,222 pounds alfalfa hay. The to tal gain of the lot during the experi ment was 1,580 pounds, or 1.41 pounds daily per calf. With skim milk at 15 cents per hundred weight, grain at 50 cents per hundred weight (plus 3 cents per bushel or 6 cents per hundred weight for grinding), and hay at $4 per ton, the feed cost of raising these calves amounts to $47.37, or $4.73 per head. The cost per hundred pounds of gain is as follows: Skim milk, $1.40; grain, $0.49; roughness, $1.10; total, $2.99. How Plants Use Carbon. A bulletin of the Virginia station says: During the hours of sunshine all growing plants which feed directly upon soil and air must have their as similating chlorophyll-bearing cells continually in contact with a chang ing volume of air, in order that the carbon, which makes up so large a part of their dry weight, may be ob tained in sufficient quantity from the carbonic acid gas in the atmosphere. But the more recent analyses of air show that on the average it contains but one part of carbonic acid by weight in 2,000 parts. Now, how much air must a field of clover breath in order that it may produce two tons of hay per acre? Let us see. Boussingault found by analysis that 4,500 pounds of clover hay harvested from an acre of ground contained no less than 1,680 pounds of carbon, and as this was derived almost wholly from the carbonic acid in the air, it must have decomposed 6,160 pounds of carbonic acid in order to procure it But as there is only one pound of carbonic acid in 2,000 of air, it follows that 12,320,000 pounds of air must have yielded up the whole of its carbonic acid gas in order to supply the needed amount of carbon. Now, one cubic foot of air at a pressure of 29,922 Inches and at a temperature of 62 degrees F. weighs .080728 pounds, and this being true, not less than 152,600,000 cubic feet of air must have been required to meet the demands of this clover field for carbonic acid. This amount of air would cover the acre to a depth of 3,503 feet, having a uniform normal density. Pretty for Lawn Borders. The "crimson clover," used as a cul tivator, is charmtog for lawn borders or the rear sections of narrow lots. It may be successfully transplanted, vith careful treatment, and will prove a revelation to many people. The b:ossom is vivid crimson. long, point ed, and makes the prettiest of bou quets. lHases suggest kisses. '- I 00000000000000000000000000000000 la London, England, some 200 years ago or less It was a custom among blackguards to steal lads and men. The thieves would trump up some charge, carry their captives to court, get them convicted and ship and sell them as servants or slaves in the British colonies of America. During those times about the year 1760 a Jewish boy, Samuel Sanders, was one day sauntering lazily through die street when he was seized and carried before a court, and there charged by his kidnapers with clip ping coin. Sanders was innocent but false witnesses sustained the charge and the lad was put on board a ship. When the vessel came to its Virginia landing he was sold into service for a number of years really into sla very. But Sanders was a strong, active youth and he abhorred bondage. A few weeks of his slave life set hie mind all the more earnestly toward escape toward flight to the South, where the lands were broader and the people fewer. He fled to North Carolina. What must have been the adventures of that London lad! Tramping days through dense woods and asking food from any farmhouse or camp he chanced to meet! When he reached North Carolina KiiiKiiriifri STRANDED IN THE DESERT Eewippcd Ship Rests ea Seeds Berderieg the Colerade P River. V There does not seem to be much use for a ship in the desert country of California which borders on the Colorado river, yet travelers in that region may see there a veritable "ship of the desert." Far from any body of water capable of floating even a mudscow, may be found a big stern wheel steamer, accustomed to ply up and down the river carrying passen gers and freight. She has been lying there since last September, stranded high and dry on the sands a mile and a half from the stream's present course. This strange condition of affairs has4 come about simply because the Colorado, a mighty stream, but one of the most treacherous of rivers, chose to cut a new channel for itself in the early fall without notice or warning. One night last September the Al viso, Capt. J. W. Babson. tied up to the shore a couple of miles above Needles, awaiting telegraphic orders. She was loaded with passengers and supplies, and as travel is sometimes leisurely pursued on the Colorado all hands turned in for a good night's sleep. Between 3 and 4 o'clock Capt STHE BRAIN THE ONLY S ORGAN OF THE BODY f THAT RESTS DURING SLEEP mldhmhdhdhdhJfcdadfclu sdh imdfcdh Idhdh.dhsfrmUhjdfcj If the organs of the body cannot be said to sleep neither can the volun tary muscles. Witness the phenomena of sleep-walking, the postillions in stage coach days who slept in their saddles and cavalrymen who do it to-day; infantry who have been known to sleep on forced marches; sentinels who walk their beats, carrying their guns in a fixed position while they sleep. For all we know, policemen may do it too. People who talk in their sleep are familiar to all of us. Experiments made by Speir, Arm strong and Child on 200 college stu dents of both sexes show that 47 per cent of the men and 37 per cent of the women talked in their sleep. A number of things might be proved by these statistics. Of these sleep talk ers one-half of the women and one third of the men are able to answer questions while asleep. More women than men could answer questions on any subject, not alone that of which they had been talking. It has also been found that most sleep-talkers are under 25 years of age. Evidently, then, with the muscles JV-Q-UUUU-LfVlUtU-M'V'M'V'M'V""i i A KENTUCKY SUMMER OUTFIT Senator Blackburn's Little Daughter Knew What He Required. Have any of the warm days thi3 summer recalled to the mind of Sen ator Blackburn of Kentucky the time he was suddenly summoned to Wash ington, twenty-odd years ago, in the middle of June, to look after a small matter of patronage? His de parture was so sudden, and the pros pect of his staying more than a day or two away from home so remote, that he carried with him only a hand bag. But business heaped upon him after his arrival at the capital and he was obliged to telegraph back a request for a trunkful of summer clothing. His little daughter hap pened to be the only member of the family at home when the dispatch arrived, and, thinking it her duty to respond promptly, she packed a trunk and shipped it. first slipping a note inside, as follows: "Dear Papa: I send you all the clothes I can find, and hope you are well." The trunk contained seven white shirts, six winter scarfs, one tooth brush, one bowie knife, and two re volvers. It was a rueful outlook for Blackburn, with the thermometer up among the nineties, but he listened to no proffered condolences. "My daughter has done right." he said. "She sent me what a real Kentucky girl regards a suitable summer outfit for a gentleman." Harpers Weekly. The Heighth of Ignorance. Lawyer Grover delights in nothing tore than In hearing a good story, and he can tell a few himself, says Ihe Boston Record. He was telling me of a quaint old Yankee wno nau quarreled with his brother. The old fellow didn't like the brother a bit. and when the latter was summoned lo appear in court his testimony was subjected to considerable criticism. "See you bad that brother of mine ya the stand down to court yester day," he said, as he met Grover. "Yes." "Have to be pretty careful about what he tells you!" "Why. he 13 a man of more than ordinary intelligence. Is he not?" -Intelligence! Why. Mr. Grover, you could lose information talking with that man!" KSBSHCajf. y by singular good luck he fell la with that great pkmeer and leader ot dar lag men, Daniel Boone. Boone was then starting over the mountains ta penetrate the fertile wilderness which is now Kentucky. U.v liked the lad and made him his etuipanion. Once in the Kentucky camp See ders took a hand la furnishing all the simple needs ot pioneer life. He hunted animals for food, cured skins for clothing, cut trees for fires and house building, made salt at the va rious licks and gathered honey from' the wild bees' store. In these duties he went here and there with Boone, and he finally scared the fate of his friend and guide in being captured by the Indians. The Indians were Shawnees' and they carried him to one of their towns and finally adopted him as a son and brother. Boone was also adopted. But Boone escaped, while Sanders was so well satisfied that he stayed with his new people and finally married a Shawnee girl. The descendants of this Jewish lad of London and Shawnee girl of Ohio are living in honor and prosperity to this day. Perhaps some clouds have a silver lining, and I guess they'll keep on lin ing. Babson was aroused by Indians., who warned him that for some reason tau river was falling rapidly, and ad vised him to pull out into midstream as quickly as possible. This the cap tain tried to do. but the water had already gone down so low that .hia prow stuck fast in the mud when he got up steam and tried to turn his paddle wheels ami move out into navi gable water. And there he has stuck ever since, becoming resigned to the. situation perforce and hopefully await ing the flood water that cornea down at the time of the melting of the Colo rado and Wyoming snows in June. By this freak the Colorado river, which is always accomplishing some unusual feat, has annexed to Cali fornia a strip of land from three fourths to a mile wide and about four miles long. This kind of land annexa tion is going on all the time along the Colorado, which is the official dividing line between California and Arizona. Sometimes Arizona steal:; from California and sometimes the state steals from the territory, but this is the first time on record that a steamer has been held up as a pledge in the transaction. and organs of the body all working, it is the brain only that sleeps, and by no means all of the brain. The senses of sight, hearing touch, smell and taste may be very much awake while the subject sleeps. A sleeping person hears and answers questions, rearranges his bed clothing, covers his eyes to keep out light, draws away his hand when the experimenter tickles it A child is broken of the habit of sucking his thumb while asleep by putting aloes on it. He is conscious of the bitter taste and dreams of wormwood. The nerves, then, and the brain centers corre sponding to them are awake. A busy lawyer, exhausted by overwork, one night went out to supper with some friends, ate, talked and walked with them, and the next day remembered absolutely nothing of the occurrence. He had not been drinking; the man was simply asleep during the whole evening. His conscious memory that is, consciousness itself slept. Many a man sets himself up as hero because he has no valet. JOKE WAS ON MOODY. But the Great Evangelist Was in no Way Displeased. Henry Ward Lane of Kansas City was at one time a warm personal friend of Dwight L. Moody. The two had been friends since boyhood, and recently Mr. Lane fell to talking about the great evangelist. Moody's love of a joke often led him into small scrapes, and not unfrj quently his wit caused him to get tint worst end of a joke. "Moody was on a train which was going through central Indiana." said Mr. Lane. "It was at the time when he first became prominent, and he was not as widely known then as now. As the train stopped at a lit tle station Moody stuck his head out of the car window and addressed .a farmer who was standing on the platform. " 'Say.' he said, 'did you know Gen eral Grant was on this train?' "'No.' replied the farmer. 'Is he?' "'Not that I know of. But I Just wondered if you happened to know he was on the train.' "The farmer at once saw the joke and smiled. He stood at the car wla--dow until within a moment of start ing. Then he said: " 'You would never catch me on a joke of that kind only for the fact that I am very much worried because the mayor of this town refuses to al low me to bury my mother-in-law." - " 'Well. I'll declare.' answered the divine. 'And why, pray, does he re--fuse?' " 'Cause she's not dead yet,' an swered the farmer, while the grin which overspread his countenance showed how much he enjoyed the dis comfiture of Moody. "I suppose," says Mr. Lane, "that the farmer never found out he had been joking with Dwight L. Mcody." Bee Exhibit at World's Fair. Mayor Swink, of Rocky Ford, Colo.; who has perhaps the largest bee plant in America, is going to take his bees to the World's Fair, and they will work there from the time the expo- sition opens until it closes. Mr. Swink is willing to construct a bee- . hives a miniature ot the Colorado State House at Denver. This will re" -quire about 640 hives, and in it about 5.500,000 bees will work. 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