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About The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911 | View Entire Issue (July 23, 1902)
"- "1 " r' V K5S5 Jp?" V $ : - 1 f- j MOMENT OF MARTYRDOM 9 Bteect eff ike W "-- i "" The wars go on and statesmen rise To plan for power and for trade Prood people look through loyal eyes At kings and princes on parade. The eager nations watch to gain New prestige here and glory there. An someone corners all the grain To Make himself a millionaire. Bat what cares she who shivers near Her little stove, alone, to-day? A year ago. without a tear. And bo good-bye, he went away. Through months of sorrow she has Braved And seen the postman pass, and turned Made Him a. Soldier Tie members of the old Eighty. fifth New York volunteers such of then as survive will not have for gotten "Dan" Weymer, who went into the army as the laziest and most worthless of men and came out one of the bravest and best soldiers in the regiment The Weymer family held the rec ord la Allegheny county for laziness aad all-around worthlessriess. They lived in abject squalor, and it was a nine days' wonder when it was leaned that Dan had enlisted. It afterward leaked out that he had been ladaced to do so from being told that there was absolutely nothing for the soldiers to do but eat. When Dan cot to the front, he found out his mistake, but, as the boys said, he was too lazy to run, so made a fairly good showing in battle. It was at the second engagement in which hie company participated that Daa got his waking up. A spent ball. red by the opposing "Johnnies," atrack the metal "U. S." on Dan's belt aad fell to the ground without penetrating the belt It gave him a severe spat, however, and he ima gined he was badly shot Dropping ate gua and clasping the "wound" with both hands, he started for the rear. An officer saw iiim and de manded to know where he was go lag, and he told him he was shot, so was allowed to go on. In a little ravine, shielded from the fire of the enemy, he stopped to make a critical examination of his injuries. A red pot aader his belt was all that was to be seen. Then Dan became angry ad swore vengeance on the whole aggregation of "Johnnies." Hurry lag back to the front, he obtained a gas, aad from that on he was an The Assault on The 22d day of May, 18G3, was a day leag to be remembered by the surviving soldiers officers and pri vateswho, serving under Gen. Grant and by his order, made the as sault upon the fortifications of Vicks barg. One of the survivors. Col. Rob ert Buchanan, on that day command ed the Seventh regiment Missouri in fantry, and he celebrated the anniver sary by inviting a few of his old com rades to dine with .him. The inci 'eats 'of the assault thirty-nlae years ago were gone over and tales were told of each one's experience in bat tles la which they had taken a part After Gen. Grant had invested Vicksburg he determined to carry the works of the enemy by assault and oa the 19th day of May. 1863. as Grant says in his memoirs, vol. 1, page 529: "Accordingly at 2 o'clock I ordered an assault It resulted In securing more advanced positions for all oar troops, where they were fully covered from the fire of the enemy." -Again in his memoirs he says: "I now determined oa a second assault The attack was ordered to commence on all parts of the line at 10 o'clock a. m. ea the 22d, with a furious cannonade from every battery in position. All the corps commanders set their time by mine, so that all might open the engagement at the same minute. The attack was gallant and portions of each of the three corps succeeded in getting ap to the very parapets of the Fought in sl Swamp On Jane 10, 1864, 02c of the fiercest battles of the civil war was fought at Brice crossroads, or Guntown, Miss. It was an exceedingly hot day. and the Confederate cavalry, commanded by Gen. W. B. Forrest, 6.000, had been followed by the Union forces, consisting of 8,000 infantry, cavalry aad artillery, under commend of Brigadier General Samuel D. Sturgiss. Gen. Forrest selected his ground for the battle on the further side of a large swamp of water with deep mud bottom. Across this swamp had .been built a road with logs and poles, cov ered with earth and very narrow. The enemy was not in sight, but were watting la the timberland beyond, and when about two-thirds of the Union forces .had crossed over, and the ar tillery was on the narrow roadway, Told to Hasten The following anecdote is contrib ' atei by a veteran of the civil war. The writer served in Gen. Logan's Third Division. Seventeenth A. C, in the Vicksburg campaign. At the battle of Raymond, Miss., May 12, ltst, the fight was precipitated so suddenly that it amounted to almost a surprise. We had halted and stack ed arms, and were resting in the shade. A sudden volley called us to arms. Without orders we took arms aad harried forward, while the non combatants .hastened to the rear. them a drafted man of our ipany G. Twentieth Ohio Infantry. Usefulness of Caps t '1 remember that ia starvation times at Chattanooga," says an old soldier, "one of the boys brought In .heat a neck of shelled corn in his ant I remember uiat just before the scone Kiver 1 roae into Iville, end wore a -cap. , But I re- LUusd that on the first day of Igatlag at Stone River I clapped ag handdown qver a squirrel which. .jgr fear, ran. over, me two or trying to get into my Back to her tasks and wept and paid Devotion to the love he spurned. And yesterday she read his name Among the names of those who died There where the wretched Tagal came. Bloodthirsty, down the mountain side. She cares not that the wheels still whirr. That glorious battles still are won: The sun may shine, but not for her. The glad old dreaming all is done. Tale faced, she sits and shivers near The little stove and wonders why She. so bereft, must linger here Since he. so noble, had to die. Peculiar Influence of Warfare on a Shiftless Character eager and fearless fighter. He often asserted that he would never take a "reb" alive, but would slaughter every one he could lay his hands upon. It was not long thereafter till the fortunes of battle separated a num ber of the boys of the Eighty-fifth from the main body, and in a skir mish with the enemy In tne dusk of approaching night Dan found himself engaged In a nana-io-nano bitubs" with some members of a North Caro lina regiment. Dan's comrades suc ceeded in driving the enemy before them, but Dan was left in a rough and tumble encounter with a brawny fellow in a butternut jacket. Finally nan threw his opponent and perched in triumph upon his chest, and re membering his oath to spare no rebel he reached for a big bunting knife which he carried in his belt, with the intention of ending the earthly career of the "reb" then and there. Then for the first time he caught a glimpse of the face of his opponent. The knife dropped from his fingers as he cried: "Rob Gleason, by all that's great!" The man was his brother-in-law, ad little less dear to Dan than an own brother. "Come on," said Dan, jerking the fellow to his feet "I won't kill you, but you've got to go to camp with me, and to camp he took him, and turned him over to his officer. After that Dan was not quite so bloodthirsty, but he was an excellent soldier, and stayed with the regiment till it was mustered out of service. Then Dan returned home and re sumed his shiftless ways. He died some fifteen years ago. His brother-in-law, Rob, stUl lives. Vicksburg Anniversary of the Event Celebrated by the Survivore enemy and in planting their battle flags upon them, but at no place were we able to enter. As soon as it was dark our troops that had reached the enemy's line and been obliged to re main there for security all day were withdrawn, and thus ended the last assault upon Vicksburg." Gen. W. T. Sherman, in his mem oirs, vol. 1, page 326, very clearly and forcibly tells of the assault In fact he is more descriptive than Gen. Grant The Seventh Mississippi infantry was in the brigade command ed by Gen. John T. Stevenson, the first colonel of the regiment The division was under the command of Gen. John A. Logan, and Gen. Mc Pherson was the corps commander. Gen. Stevenson had led the Seventh Missouri in many a hard fight and, knowing the men, selected this, his old regiment to lead the assault, and in the "Historical Memoranda" of the Seventh Missouri, as published in the adjutant general's report of Missouri for 1865, can be found this brief no tice: "On the 22d day of May the regiment was detailed to lead the ad vance in the assault of Fort Hill, which they did with very heavy loss." And now, after thirty-nine years have passed, a few of the old soldiers still live, and so It was that Col. Buchanan gathered them together to talk over the battles of the war, and especially the assault upon Vicksburg May 22, 1863. St Louis Globe-Democrat Fiercely Contested Battle at Guntown. Miseiesipel Gen. Forrest's forces made the attack. The fighting was desperate and hand-to-hand, as it was not possible for the Union artillery to be used, and the road being blockaded by the now useless artillery, there was no oppor tunity to retreat and reform on the other side of the swamp. The result was a terrible loss of Union men and the surrender of very many as pris oners of war. The artillery was spiked and abandoned. Many of the Federals waded through the swamp and thus escaped. There was a re treating fight for two days and nights, many being taken prisoners two days afterward when near Lagrange and Collierville. The Morgan raid on Frankfort, Ky.. and the battle of Lex ington, W. Vs., were on, and on June 14 occurred the battle of Pine Moun tain, Ga. Slowly Good Anecdote Told of the Late Genera,! Logan He had attained the rank of cook and was beating the record for fast time, with camp kettle in hand, when sud denly he encountered the dusky gen eral: "Halt, there!" cried Logan, with sword drawn. "Where in h 11 are you going?" With uplifted hands and trembling limbs the recruit stam mered ut, "Oh, general, general! Such a crackin' an' snappin'. a snap pin' an' crackin' I never heerd as is goin' on up there; and I hain't got any gun." "Well, get out of danger, then, but but don't go so fast" re plied tne gallant Logan as he turned and nurried to the front Old Soldier R.elotee Hie Experience in the War pockets. I remember tuat I lost my hat going up Missionary Ridge, and that the colonel called me down n week later for wearing an officer's cap. I remember that on the night of the big snow In May, 1864. at Oolte wah, I slept In comfort with my hat over my face. In fact I must have worn a hat a good deal of the time." No evil can harm es hate it as long as we VW 1 - I ' Cause of Scabies or Mange. Scabies, or mange, of the ox I a ontagious disease caused by a para itlc mite. Cattle are chiefly affected flth but two varieties of these para Ites, or mites, which belong to the Jass Arachnoldea. These are, ant, he Psoroptes; second, the Symbiotes. rhe first is the one which moat fre luently affects them. It Urea on the iurface of the skin and gives rise to jreat irritation and itching by biting, ind Is most frequent upon the sides f the neck and shoulders, t the base if the horns, and at the root of the all. From these points it spreads to :he back and sides, and may invade learly the entire body. Its principal nanlfestatlons are more or less nu nerous pimples, exudation, and antra lant scaling off of the skin, falling out f the hair, and the formation of dry nay-brownish scabs. In the course of ime the skin becomes thickened, stiff, crinkled, and acquires the consist jnce of leather. When mange has spread over a large surface of the tody, the animals lose flesh and be come weak and anemic, rendering zhem constitutionally less able to withstand or combat the effects of the ailtes. At the same time the de creased vigor and lessened vitality of e affected animals favor the more rapid multiplication of the mites and the further extension and intensifica tion of the disease. Thus we have arose and effect working together, with the result that scabies, or mange, tn cattle may in some cases prove fa tal; especially are fatal terminations liable to occur In the latter part of a 3evere winter among immature and growing animals, or those of adult and full age, when in an unthrifty condi tion at the time of becoming Infected. There have been noticed variations In the progress of the disease depending upon extreme seasons aggravation in winter alternating with improve ment in summer. Buletin 152. Depart ment of Agriculture. Horse Shortage In New Hampshire. Prof. Charles W. Burkett of the New I mpshire station, says: There Is too little horse power in the state to properly till and cultivate the soil. We have thousands of acres of tillable land in the state (and what is said here is true of all New Eng land) that have not felt the plough share for a long series of years, some for decades, some for a half century. Soil will not remain productive if untitled. We have not enough horses or working units In the state to do the regular farn. work and to carry on tillage as it should be done. Prac tically the o Jy supply of horses is from other states; yet this state is quite able to supply its full needs and could have to spare for demands else where. The work lies with the farm ers themselves, not only to Increase the number of working horses but to improve them and make them more serviceable. By using the better grade of mares for breeding purposes and having the service of some pure-bred sire of some draft or coach breed of good type and conformation, it would be but a short time until the character of the whole horse stock were changed into a bet ter and improved one. Good draft and coach stallions can be secured for about five hundred dollars. Several farmers could purchase a stallion of the type desired, and there could be engaged several mares for the first season at a moderate charge for ser vice which wouid pay not only a high rate for money Invested but would go a long ways for paying the full cost Low-Headed Trees. The tornado of tost week preached a sermon on the low heading of apple trees. The writer was in the orch ards of the University of Illinois the next morning after the storm and found a large part of the apple crop on the ground. He said to himself: "The Dunlap orchards at Savoy will be a profitless Investment this year, as, without doubt, the 8,000 trees there have shaken off most of their apples." Great was his surprise, however, to find that In the orchard of winter ap ples at Savoy (5,000 trees), the loss was slight Here and there a tree had been uprooted on the edge of the orchard, but in the main the trees were not only standing, but were hold ing their apples. The cause for this immunity was apparent The trees were all of them headed low, so very low that many of the branches touched the ground. The wind could not get under the trees, but was thrown up ward wherever it touched this fruit ing forest The umbrella-shaped tops did not -present good material for the work of the tempest Evidently little whipping was done by most of the branches, compared to what would have resulted to high-topped trees. Riding through this orchard. Sen ator Dunlap said: "There are four distinct advantages in low heading of apple trees. First, the wind can not so well whip the apples from the trigs. Second, the branches protect the trunk against sunscald. Third, it is easier to spray the trees. Fourth, It Is easier to harvest the fruit The only objection to low heading is that we cannot so well get under the limbs to cultivate, but that is not a great matter, as weeds and grass do not grow very welbin the shade anyway. The objection does not by any means offset the advantages I have named. After harvest Is over we will send a man through here with a scythe and he will mow the few weeds that are found under the trees." Malted Barley as Horse Feed. J. H. Shepperd: Malted barley is not an economical feed for wore horses, and the addition of one part bran to two parts of malt, as meas ured by the dry barley, from which it was produced, to neither a cheap nor satisfactory feed for hard worked horses. That splendid finish can be put on stock by feeding malt, has been pointed one by Lawee and Gil bert These -gentlemen .base their conclusion upon trials in feeding seventy-four animals upon malt In comparison with an equal number of a similar sort upon other foods. It is probable that animals which are not thriving or are worked down, and those which are low in vigor from any cause may often be built np rapid ly by a ration containing malt . Miss Frances Beverly, colored, was recently awarded $75 damages in her suit against a theater company in Chicago, alleging that she was refused a seat in the house, although holding a ticket We know nothing of tomorrow; our business to to be good and hanpr;to- A Champaign County (III.) Orchard. Last week the writer had the pleas ure of visiting the orchards of S-ma-tor H. M. Dunlap, at Savoy, Illinois. One of the orchards covers an area of 100 acres and contains about 5.M0 trees, all winter varieties. The tress are already well into fruitage and promise great things for their owner. The trees in this orchard are set about 30 feet apart each way, which to re garded by Mr. Dunlap as the proper distance apart to set ordinary tress.. A second orchard consists largely of old trees and covers 60 acres, but the senator counts this as a forty-acre orchard, as that area would contain all the trees If they were set at proper distances. The third orchard covers 20 acres and contains only summer and fall varieties. In addition there, to located on this place and under the control of Senator Dunlap one of the trial orchards belonging to the State. Horticultural society. This is for the trisl of trees and vines whose hardi ness and fruitfulness have yet to be found out There are thus isu acres in apples alone, besides cherry, plum, pear and even peach trees in abun dance. Small fruits of all kinds are being grown and marketed. One may obtain a liberal education In things horticultural by going through these orchards with the senator, who knows and can tell about every experiment that has been tried there. There," said he to the writer, "to where my father had 400 trees. When he was away one August my brother and myself thought we would do something great So we put in the plow and gave the orchard a good going over. We got the ground into fine shape, and the trees soon showed it by starting to grow vigorously at the wrong time of the year. The re sult was that the cold caught the wood unripened and the whole 400 trees were dead the next spring." There are few men that care to publish a failure, but Senator Dunlap says that he tells about bis failures as well as his successes that others may take warning and avoid his mis takes. These orchards at Savoy will repay a visit at any time. Their own er to doing great things for the horti culture of Illinois by the object les sons that he has established. Appie Twigs and Apple Stems. The attention of the writer was tost week called to the value of apples as governed by their stems and the char acter of the twigs on which the ap ples hung. In a block of the Duchess after the great storm in central Illi nois the ground was found covered with the fruit The owner of that orchard said it was due to the lack ol pliability on the part of the twigs ol the Duchess. When these twigs arc switched by a heavy wind they are sc rigid that they snap off the apples. It was otherwise with some Willow Twigs near by. The long and lithe twigs had so much pliability that the did not snap off the apples, but would need most severe agitation by the wind before they would part witt their fruit After a great storm ol last year these same trees were switched for hours before beginning to drop their fruit, but in the end dropped it heavily. A short storm works little havoc with them, and fen storms are so violent for hours as to cause fruit to fall finally. The stems of the apples also coun1 for much In this regard. The Pewau kee has such a short stem that If the apples are not picked as soon as ripe they are found on the ground. Even before ripe they fall off in urge quan titles if they are exposed to hint winds. They lie naturally so close tc, the twigs that only a little shaking If required to detach them. These things count greatly In se lecting apples for a commercial orch art. The Duchess is a great apple but this to one of its weak points It is very hardy, the very standard ol hardiness, but it needs to be protectee from heavy winds if possible. It if an argument for the shelter belt. a', least in connection with certain orch art varieties. If a man have a sheltei belt he can more readily plant Duch ess than if he has to set out his orch art on a location exposed to higt winds. The same rule should mak the Duchess of more value near th Great Lakes than farther west, when high winds are more common am more constant Sheep and Weeds. Prof. Thomas Shaw: Of the 601 (weeds and grasses growing In thi Northwest, it is estimated by thos that have made a study of it, tha' sheep will eat 576 of them, whil horses consume but 82 and cattle onlj 56. The fact to, sheep prefer man; kinds of weeds to grasses, and weed fields and horse pastures are lm proved by turning a small flock a sheep into them. When sheep devoui the weeds they do not charge any thing for the work. On the othei hand, they pay the farmer for thi privilege of pulling the weeds. The turn the weeds into mutton, fresh juicy and crisp. A sheep's stomacl is the most perfect receptacle tha' was ever made for weeds. It to sun death to every form of weed life. N weed seeds retain the power of res urrection after having been buried it that living sepulcher. the stomach o a sheep. A more suitable receptee! for them it is than a Gehenna or 1 Tophet would be. Either of then would deprive the weeds of the powe to grow, but in doing so they wouli consume all the nitrogen in the weeds Only the phosphoric acid and potasl would be left in the ashes. But whei sheep consume weeds, they take on some of the nitrogen, a little of thi phosphorus, and the potash to suppl: their own needs, and the residue the: put back over the land to stimulati the growth of the crops that shall ye be sown. Given Heavy Damages. The civil court in St Petersburg ha awarded $50,000 damages to Mile Sarkisowa, who sued the Transcar casian railway because five of he front teeth were knocked out in a rat way accident Didnt Desire Recognition. Blonde Bridesmaid "The usher haven't seatea your Aunt Maria wit the family." Other bridesmaid (si: ter to the bride) "No; she sent onl a pickle fork!" Life. All true work is sacred; in all tru work, were it but true bard labo. there ia something of divlaess. Ca Iyle. Raising Black Umgehans. From the Farmers' Review: I will give yon my way of raising black Lengthens. I first purchased four pellets and, a cockerel, payiag tat for the four pullets end $12 for the cockerel. From these the first year I got about 40 birds in alL The next year I changed cockerels again, and raised nine fine cockerels for the next year. I also bought six fine pul lets. I bred black Langshans for six years before I ever made a Show. In the year 1889 I made a show in Danville, Illinois, and won about half of the premiums, for which I showed, and saw my weak points I kept on showing every year, my birds get ting better all the time, and np to date I am on top. I batched the old way with hens and let them take care of the chicks. I have ten acres for range, and each pen has a half acre upon which to run. Some people say they do not feed their hens while they are at liberty In the summer, but I feed my hens at that time all they can eat In the morning 1 ieea oats steamed. Wheat is given at noon and evening. I keep my coops clean. Corn to not good feed for black Tengnhans. as It to too heating and hard on the plumage. The only way to start In the busi ness to to buy good stuff and get good staff from It It to hard to get good birds out of bad ones. When a man writes me for a $L00 or $2.00 bird I know he Is a cheap man, aad I would like to run np against him In a show room. At one time I won first and second on cockerel, and a farmer came to the same show with S3 head; he never got a place. He hung around my birds and the tost day of the show he said: "Mayer, what will you take for those two cockerels?" I told him $40. and he thought I was ready to go to the asylum. I toughed at him anu said: "I have sold $95 worth of eggs from those two cockerels, and they have also produced prize winners. Do von think thev are worth $40 to me or not?" As a result of the work of those two cockerels I never lose a place in a show room. It to, how ever, a good thing to have such breeders as the man I have men tioned, for they are willing to buy many a bird that a good breeder would not keep about the place. W. M. Mayer, Vermilion County, Illinois. No Poultry and Egg Trust There has been talk about a poultry and egg trust The thing to an ab surdity at the present time, though it may become a possibility in the fu ture. If there shall ever rise a trust in farm lands. The cry of a trust was based on the probable fact that the packing companies baa Dougnt up large quantities of poultry and eggs and had stored them for a rise. It was simply a speculation on a big scale. The owners of flocks of hens are numbered by the milions and are too numerous to have their product controlled. Besides, under the stim ulus of high prices to the farmers the numbber of fowls in the country could easily be doubled in a single year. Unfortunately at the present time it seems probable that the pro ducers of poultry are not getting the benefit of the high prices being paid by the consumers of poultry and poultry products. If that be so, then the high prices the consumers are paying will not stimulate production, and the present very unsatisfactory state of .things will' continue. We would like to hear from our readers as to the prices they are at the pres ent time receiving for their poultry and poultry products and a statement as to the prices they have received in past years. Plum Trees in Poultry Yards. We often see the advice to plant plum trees In the poultry yard. The advice may be good or It may be bad. The argument on behalf of the plum tree to that the bens keep It well cultivated by scratching and keep the grass all' down, permitting not a blade to grow. It to further argued that the hens will pick up the cur cullos ss they drop to the ground. Well, It may be a good thing to have a plum tree In the poultry yard so far as the plum tree to concerned, but we doubt if it to of any value to the poultry yard. The ideal poul try yard is not one that to bare of grass, but one that to covered with grass. In fact, the yards should be arranged In pairs, so that when the verdure to being eaten off one yard it will be growing in the other. The hen does not demand "clean culture." When the plum tree to shaken and the curculkM fall to the ground they do not lie there for an indefinite pe riod waiting for the dutiful hen to come along and pick them up. in a few moments they are up and away. The hens will have to be pretty well trained if they are to stand around and snatch up the curculios as they drop. The theory of combining plums and hens will, we think, hardly work In extensive practice. Incubator Cellars. Incubator cellars are constructed In various ways, but however construct ed they should be away from the dwelling house and barns. They are perhaps more likely to be fired than are any of the other farm structures, and they should be placed far enough away so that in case of fire the other buildings will not be Ignited. A sim ple method of constructing these cel lars to to dig a deep pit and roof It over, piling the dirt up to the eaves. The land must 'be, of course, per fectly drained. If there is any dan ger of the land accumulating moisture or of the rains seeping through, it would be well to use cement In the bottom of the cellar and up the sides as far as there to any danger of the Ingress of soil water. The benefit of a cellar of this kind lies in its per fect temperature. This to a great thing in the hatching of chicks. The even temperature outside of the In cubators makes it more possible to keep an even temperature within. Worms in Turkeys. From the Farmers' Review: I have raised turkeys for a great many years, but have never been bothered with worms. I find that it to advisable to raise turkeys with as little arti ficial feed as possible. I give some extract of logwood In the drinking water. The logwood to added till the water to the color of wine. I get more turkeys raised in this way than any other, but do not recommend this as a cure for worms. I have given areca nut for other' purposes and always had stunted turkeys. Mrs. Henry Geiser, Coles. County, nil- I The Ferments in Milk. Prof. G. L. McKay. Iowa AgrteaV tural College: In the month of Jane when nature has covered the earth' with loveliness, the right kind of far mentation seems to be everywhere Most anyone can make fine flavored butter at this time; but when the kind: of bacteria that we have to deal with, changes to the undesirable hind, it will then require skill. At our school, our bacteriologist made a number of testa to determine the kind of bac terla that milk contains during the different months of the year. Inj March when it to quite difficult to make fine butter. 100 samples from different patrons' milk were taken. Only 12 per cent showed pure add flavor; 48 per cent Impure acid flavor and 39 per cent rapid decomposi tion of the curd. Samples taken April 8th showed 50 per cent pure add fla-. vor; 27.7 Impure acid flavor, and W. rapid decomposition of the curd. Inj April we found dedded improvement In the kind of oacteria present Saav pies taken May 10 showed 90 per cent pure acid flavor and 10 per cent lm? pure. This largely explains why It to easy to get good flavors at some times, of the year and not at other timesi Samples taken in June and July showed about the same results as May. Now If we could get our patrons to exercise more care in regara iqj cleanliness, a lot of this trouble might be obviated. Still at certain periods makers will have to combat undesir-, able fermentations. j Protect the Cows from Fire. All dairy barns, creameries and the like should be as amply as possible protected against Are. This may be, done In several ways. If no better, way appears to the mind of the owav er, he should have a shelf construct ed' in the barn and on it keep a num ber of pails full of water and ready to use at a moment's notice. Fre quently fires get beyond control be cause the means are not at hand for extinguishing them in their Incipient stage. Where farmers have wind mills and elevated tanks that give a good pressure to the water the ar rangements for fighting fire can be of the best, but will of course cost something. Water pipes should be laid to convenient points and hose made ready. The fire may never come, but it to a comfortable feeling to know that if it comes it will get a cold reception. Where animals are kept tied or locked up and beyond possible escape from the flames pre cautions against fire should certainly be taken. Control the Water in Butter. A government bulletin says that the presence of salt, the size of the butter granules and the hardness of the butter are factors exerting an in fluence on the amount of water in the butter. Where a dry butter to de sired, as for export, these principles may have considerable practical Im portance. By churning cream at a low temperature and continuing the churning until the granules were as large as peas, washing for about thirty minutes with water at 45 de grees to 48 degrees, and working twice, the Iowa station secured but ter containing as low as 6.72 per cent of water. Of thirty-two analyses oi samples of butter made in this way. seven showed less than 8 per cent of water, 7 from 8 to 10 per cent, and 10 from 10 to 12 per cent It to not, however, advised that export but ter should be made with less than from 9 to 10 per cent of water. Farm Separators In Australia. It to Interesting to note the favor with which the farm separator to re ceived abroad, where it to being used in increasing numbers. In Australia the little machines are being largely used. In Victoria, alone there are now owned and operated on the farms 4,100 separators. According to the last report of Hon. John Morrisy, min ister of agriculture of Victoria, the use of the machines has Increased as follows: 1886. 33; 1887. 58; 1888. 108; 1889. 155; 1890, 238; 1891, 445; 1897. 2.125; 1898. 2.799. 1899. 3446. There are about 10,000 farmers in Victoria supplying milk to creameries, and of these at least 41 per cent separate the cream on their own farms. Hard Wheats Made Millable. F. D. Coburn: Kansas to virtually the only portion of America produdng the famous hard red wheat in consid erable quantities, In which as In many other things, the state Is unique. The seed was first experimented with In some of the central counties nearly thirty years ago, being brought by Mennonite Immigrants from southern Russia, near the Black Sea, who ap parently understood much better than Americans its hardy productiveness and real value. For years following its Introduction it was disparaged by American millers and grain-buyers-who claimed that its flinty character made it so difficult to grind as to ma terially lessen Its market value. The 'farmers, however, persevered in sow ing it and the production steadily in creased, although they were com pelled to accept in the markets from ten to fifteen cents per bushel below whst buyers and millers were willing to pay for the softer and much bettei known varieties yielding considerably fewer bushels per acre. They per sistently argued that it was more profitable to raise a wheat that would reliably yield them, one year with an other, from eighteen to forty bushels per acre, even though selling for but 75 cents per bushel, than to raise a crop selling for 80 or 85 cents pet bushel and yielding perhaps only twelve to fifteen bushels. This, In the course of a few years, compelled milers to devise ways and means foi more successfully and economically converting this hard wheat into flour, and there were brought Into use de vices and processes for softening the grain by steaming and moistening be fore grinding. Weedy Flavors. Prof. G. L. McKay: In the summer months during dry periods frequent complaints are heard from buttei dealers of what they term summei conditions or weedy flavors. These flavors are undoubtedly caused by t species of bacteria As many of you no doubt have observed that the nex morning after a good, heavy rain your flavor will change and Improve Many attribute this to the fresh grass, but fresh grass does not grow in s night Our bacteriologist found by experimenting with a spedes of bac teria that he could produce this same weedy flavor. . One man's success to often dae to the failure of another. "Well, the bride has at least one consolation. Her husband can't pos sibly be n greater fool than he looked while the ceremony was being per formed." Thus spake a young woman .0 a Chicago Chronicle reporter on merging from a church where a xraple of her friends had just been nade one. "But, then. I don't really Jiink he looked more silly than the iverage man does under similar try ing circumstances, and I have never 3een able to see just why this to so. fhe brides are generally a bit fluster id. of course, and sometimes tearful. ut they are usually calmness personl led compared with the party of the second part "Not long ago I had quite a long ;hat with the pastor of our church 3a this subject. You know. Dr. Fourthly is quite an old man and has married quantities of people, so his Knowledge of the matter Is intimate. He told me that in his experience it ens nearly always the man who showed extreme nervousness, the bride being usually quite cool. For Instance, one man insisted on draw ing out his watch every few moments until the girl took It out of his hand. WWWWWWWMMVWWWWWWWWWMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 44393:)3CfS?ee6eC SLVCK OF AN INVENTOR: 4H r Anger He Perfect 41 m Machine Which Bringe Him Fortune Jf Some twelve years ago. when Rich ard Laverson was a low-grade work er in a Pittsburg engineering shed, he hit upon a novelty In the shape of broochpins. He finished a few by band, and they seemed so much su perior to the usual form of brooch pin that he thought his fortune was made. He set to work in his spare time to Invent a machine which would turn out broochpins for weld ing on to anything which might be wanted to form a brooch, so that the veriest novice of a jeweler could make any small trifle into a brooch while his customer waited to see it done. Laverson spent weeks on his ma chine, and to advance experiments borrowed money from any one who would lend to him; yet the thing would not do what he wanted. It really seemed to blm that an evil spirit possessed the machine. Again and again he abandoned it as hope less, left It for a few days, then tackled it again. One day he really thought he had &B L ooer vuuruy TCfl-wcJlnfih ff A curious incident befell an army nursing sister while out riding alone in the Northern Transvaal, close to a small town which has been held for the past year by the English, says the London Hospital. Two men on horseback, dressed in what seemed to her the uniform of our scouts rode by. When they had gone a little fur ther, they dismounted, and. taking their rifles in their hands, came up. grasped the reins, of her horse, and asked her if "she would like a walk." Surprised at the question, she inquired to what regiment they belonged. Their answer made her aware that, though claiming to be British, they were really Boers in disguise. The men spoke to each other in Dutch, and then one said to her: "We are Boers and we want your horse." The sister, greatly distressed at the thought of losing the animal, which was borrowed, begged the men not to take it They replied that they were very short of horses, and required it badly. Expostulations proved un availing; she had to give way with as good grace as possible, made easy REALIZED A GOOD DEAL. Investment in Mining Stock Was Not Altogether a Loss. There are different sorts of Interest to be drawn from investments. A man of broad experience values them all. "Speculation is all very well for people who live In the city, right in touch with everything." said the spring goods "drummer," in an airy tone, to a group of men gathered on the steps of the postofflce to await the arrival of the stage, "but I never would advise a man who's lived in the country all his days to try any of these schemes for quick money making. He's sure to lose." "It's all gambling, more or less, I take it," said Obed Pearson, thought fully. "Still nobody could say I didn't realise anything from my speculation in the Ringtail Gulch company's stock." "Why, I didn't know I was speak ing to a successful operator!" said the drummer, with more respect in his voice and manner, "would you mind telling me about it?" he asked, as he noted the expectant gaze of the rest of the group. "Seeing It's you, I don't mi1." said Mr. Pearson, slowly. "I bought the stock for $25 a share six shares with the expectation, bore out and led on by clrc'lars and prospectuses, that 'twould touch the hundred mark in the course o three months. And in eight weeks It had gone down to zero, and would've gone Iower'n that. I judge, if the president and directors hadn't disbarfded, so to speak, and gone traveling. "But I realized" something; yes, sir! I realized that unless I wanted to spend my last years, and more'n that, the next to last ones, on the poor farm, the thing for me to do was to burn up all the circ'lars and pros pectuses that come to me In the future without reading 'em. And I've kept on realizing it to this day, sir." Youth's Companion. Don't Be a Pest If you can't oblige people in any other way, you can at least let them alone. Half the troubles of people are due to idle and impudent interfer ence in their affairs. Half the tlmd when you make a vigorous kick there U no kick coming to you. One of the worst habits people have is making each other unnecessary trouble. Life is hard enough at best Don't be a pest If you can't help others, you can at least let them aloae. Atceieon Globe. Another had a dgar in his vest pock et and kept reaching for It until the dose of the ceremony. And when It comes to handing over the fee at such times the men seem to go to pieces altogether. The doctor once held out his hand for the ring and the bride groom put a $20 gold piece In It This surprised the clergyman so that he dropped it on the floor, where It rattled and rolled about In the most embarrassing fashion. "I've been to a good many wed dings, but I sever yet saw a bride flustered In that way. Ia some cases they worry for fear that something may be bungled. Once I saw a poor girl picking her wedding boquet to pieces la her nervousness, but for tunately she never realized what she was doing. But with all her excite ment she wss ever so much more self-possessed la appearance than the groom. And Nell, whom we have just seen changing her same look how cool she seemed. By the way. I think that was a lovely dress she wore. Doa't your Too many cooks in one the broth. ith spoil discovered why the machine failed to work properly, and he made the al terations he thought necessary. But, so far from the change setting things right, the machine then refused to work at all, and in a fit of rage and disappointment Laverson picked up a hammer and flung It at his ma chince with a very unparliamentary ejaculation. Then he stamped out of the shop and banged the door after him. He did not look at the machine again for many weeks, but when he did he found it worked. Though it refused to turn out broochpins, it turned out splendid little safety pins of a unique pattern. These pins have since sold in millions all over the United States, making Laverson a rich man. The hammer he flung at his machine had the effect of bend ing three small parts, which made a successful Invention out of a hopeless failure. Mr. Laverson is now part proprie tor of one of the largest factories, turning out all kinds of pins. iu 3? Armv Nursfif to her by their extremely polite man ner and the gentle way in which she was lifted from her saddle. They left her with the promise that the saddle and bridle should be returned A few days after a letter was brought by a Boer to a blockhouse to say that if the English commandant would send out beyond the British lines, the sister's horse and property would be restored. He did so, and everything was found as stated, 'to gether with a letter explaining that the two men had been compelled to take the horse, as they thought that the sister suspected their nationality, and they feared she would ride at once to the nearest blockhouse and report their whereabouts. They had therefore, in order to secure their own safety, trf chooso between taking her with them beyond the block' houses or the confiscation of her horse, and they chose the latter as probably less repugnant to the sis ter's feelings. Don't expect n half pint of cream on 29 strawberries. wvMMmmMM NEVER OCCURRED TO HIM. Farmer Has Poor Opinion of Artist's Mental Capacity. Uncle Silas Eastman and wife took summer boarders. One year they had a number of artists, who were at tracted by the picturesque loneliness of the Eastman farm, and Uncle Silas never hesitated to say afterward that artists were "beyond him." "They make no trouble about their eating." he said to a friend, when at last the boarders had taken their way to fresh fields. "You couldn't call 'em prompt, but, then, they nevei minded whether things were hot 01 cold; leastways they never found any fault. "But they've got curious notions and mighty little faculty and common sense. One of 'em was to work on a sunset piece all the time he was here. I went out one evening and asked him how he was getting on, and he says: " 'Oh. Uncle Silas, the light changes so fast, and the effect is so hard tc get. and there's only one night more!' "He was a nice little feller, and I felt sorry for him, so I says: 'Well. why in tunket haven't the rest of 'em took hold with ye and helped ye out? There's room enough on that-canvass for all four of ye to be working to gether! I bet ye never thought ol asking 'em. now did ye?' I says. "And do ye believe me, I'm as sure as I'm standing here In my overshoes, from the blank look that spread over his face, that the idea had never come into his poor, foolish head till 1 put it there! "They've got their place, artists have, but there'd ought to be a gar deen 'pointed over every one of 'em that ever I saw! Yes, sir! "Youth's Companion. Little Farmers Plant in Eggshells. An eggshell farm is a part of one of the primary departments of study in some American schools. Each child takps an eggshell about two-thirds whole. The child's name is written on the shell and after a lesson on soils sufficient earth is placed in the shell to fill it Each one in a room is given the same kind of seed to plant After the plant becomes too large for the shell the child is encouraged to take it home and plant in a garden. The teachers aim to teach the com plete life history of the plant from seed to seed. If a equator cannot fight his own battles he to hardly at t kettle for hi constituents. t V ;s-- f-- ri.js,wi4i -. !:. -'jf&J jr.. .t