Image provided by: University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries, Lincoln, NE
About The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911 | View Entire Issue (July 2, 1902)
FW"'i -,3T' .-? --a?v,. ;-; P ft . ajsmMSII RTICOUORE SHOGS HAVE LANGUAGES Naturalist Says the Animal Has Distinct jj, Speech for Various Occasions 'v VG n . o "j - ' ww - --- - -- & .bMMMMBBsBavBanmavmmi 57t I H Jta IB II w VbX W . Z-""-M" tt&anSamaPBQ? fjv - A- l& I5". IS" N 5g" Fll r M' V" f I' i A .SS3 . i ; - K i J' A fatf&SHlNS'S'OM' lUUUUUL a WOMEN WHO PASSED AS MEN. Six Distinct Instances in Which They Have Married. It is no longer uncommon for women to pose as men. Within the past year, in the United States alone, death has disclosed the real sex of six women who had successfully masqueraded as men, had married, and in some in stances actually posed as fathers. Probably the most remarkable of these cases and one that attracted the most attention, was that of Murray Hall. He. or rather she, was a prominent politician, took an active part in all the interests of the ward heeler, smoked, drank and had the reputation of being quite a gallant. Among her friends were leading New York men. and until her death no one ever dreamed of the real state of affairs. "William Howard," of Canandaigua. N. Y., died suddenly, and the amazed friends and relatives learned that the real name of the deceased was Alice Howard. Howard had been "married" forty years, had lived happily with "his" wife, and had been in every re spect a most exemplary "husband." RICH, BUT STAYS IN PRISON. i Woman of Sixty-five Boldly Defies the Town Authorities. A California woman with over $100, 000 is in jail at Alameda for violating the sanitary laws of the town of Berkeley. She is Mrs. Honora Blutley. 5 years of age. She owns several komses in Berkeley, which she refused to connect with the sewer. She was arrested and given her choice between a tne of $50 and fifty days imprison meat. She calmly decided on the lat ter. But she is making ready to get even with the officials when she is through with her sentence. She admits that she refused to connect her houses with the sewer, but says that she had not been notified that 6uch was the law. "111 stay here a year," she declares, "before 111 pay a fine of five cents. There is a lot of trickery about this, . bat they'll find I'm not the kind to be trampled on. I'm fighting this thing oat lor a principle. 111 carry the case to the 8aperior court. 'if need be, to the Supreme court Though I'm .old, 111 beat them yet." Electric Light Not Harmful. A Has"11 specialist has decided that, coatrary to the general opinion, electric light plays less havoc with tfce eyes than other forms .of artificial Hght He bases his deductions on the feet that disease and damage to the eye are proportioBed to the frequency of the closure of the lids. a He found fry the 1Mb close in 'a minute C.8 tmaea with candle light. 2.8 times with ami Mgmt, 22 times with sun light and U mama with electric light 12 l - amw Oi tie Nalioa's natal Day BY H. S. CANFIELD. (Copyright, 1902, by Daily Story rnb. Co.) Paul Marrok, who loved Claudia Vanalster, was a young lawyer of Smithville, Smith county, Iowa. Like other young lawyers, he wore his hair something longer than fashion de manded, brushed it straight back to show his forehead, practiced oratory a good deal and had dreams of the Unit ed States Congress. He was of good habits and in good practice, though with an inborn tendency to be erratic, and felt himself well able to marry. James Bowen, who loved Claudia Vanalster, was commonly called "Jim," which is to say that he was freckled, sturdy, straightforward and good-humored. He owned his lather's farm, ran it on the diversified crops system, loved animals, drove a good horse and had money in the bank. Very open and unwlly was "Jim." He did not expect to -win the girl, but wooed her in his own earnest fashion, and if she preferred another he was prepared to wish her joy and get over his trouble in the best way he could. Claudia Vanalster, who loved neith er of them or, if she did. knew noth ing about It was daughter of a mer chant, gray-eyed, peach-cheeked, plump, graceful, pretty, good, and fond of admiration. She was a graduate of the Enosville Young Ladies' Semi nary, played the piano a little, paint ed a little, knew a little needlework, spoke French with the Enosville ac cent and was quite the county belle. So "Jim" Bowen asked her bashfully if he might drive her to the Fourth of July speechmaking and picnic In Jack son's grove, and she said no. while Marrock. who was chief orator of the day, girded up his loins and strove mightily, being determined to shake down the stars. The elders of Smith county celebrat ed the Fourth of July in the old-fashioned way. Patriotism was as ram pant out there as It had been in the older sections of the country fifty years before. They had no use for new-fangled methods of rejoicing. What their fathers had believed was good enough for them. They appoint ed a regular committee to see that the thing was properly done. Thus it happened that in Jackson's grove a large lumber stand was erect ed on which the elders might sit, the county trustees, the village trustees, the school trustees, the county judge, the clerk of the court, the schoolmas ter and so forth. Item there was a smaller stand for the Smithville band, which was strong and earnest, though a little crude. Item an open space in the front of the big stand reserved for the readers and speakers. Item a larger stand to the right, reserved for the young ladies who should imper sonate the States. Item a large space on the ground to one side reserved for the flre-crackers,catharine wheels and what not. Long rough boards laid on trestles served as tables for the din ers. There was any quantity of spring water, ginger pop and coffee as pot ables, but no whisky nor beer. Smith ville was a moral community. It was a cloudless day. A thousand people were in the grove. From far down the dirt road came the oom pah, oom-pah of the laboring band. As it grew nearer an occasional bar of "The Star-Spangled Banner" be came audible. Behind it rode the dig nitaries in open carriages, most of them with grizzled whiskers, showing the yellowish stains of tobacco-juice. Back of them came the principal fea ture of the procession, three farm wagons metamorphosed into triumph al chariots by the aid of red, white and blue calico and flowers and filled with forty-four gaily dressed young women impersonating the commonwealths of this glorious Union. They were flushed with the ride and in more than one instance their diadems had been jarred crooked, but were happy and proud. In their front was Claudia in a gown cut a la Greek, holding a sceptre and wearing a pasteboard crown golden gilt and bearing a papier-mache shield. She was "Columbia." Behind the wagons at a slow pace came the faithful James in his buggy. The grove reached, the band climbed to its stand, the dignitaries to the center platform, the girls to their platform. The band's leader puffed out his chest, faced the gaping crowd, swung his baton and the instruments crashed into "My Country, Tis of Thee." half a tone flat. The people plunged into the tune haif a tone sharp. Tne trees trembled, but did not fall. The folks liked their singing so much that they encored tne band and sang the last verse over again. Alcibiades Curtius Dickson, county clerk, a lantern-jawed man with a voice like a foghorn, read the Declara tion of Independence through to the bitter end, rolling out the sonorous syllables and pausing soulfully at the end of each sentence. Elipbalet Abso lom Rawlins, county judge, rose to introduce the orator of the day, and spoke for three-quarters of an hour, touching upon Bunker Hi.l and the state of the crops, tossing a handful of bouquets to George Washington and Thomas Jefferson, devoting five minutes of thunderous denunciation to Benedict Arnold and winding up with a glorious burst over the result of the Spanish war. Marrok ran his fingers through his hair and glared at him. Finally he got his chance. Now this young man in the seclu sion of his law office had been reading a lot of cheap literature and worrying himself by thinking that he was think ing. The result was that his skull had become filled with a lot of things that he thought were ideas and he felt called upon to express them. Once started he did not reck of unpopularity and forgot all about the girl. His talk was fiery, fluent, occasionally eloquent. When he got out of breath he ran his hand through his hair and took a drink of water from a small white pitcher that stood near. He said that they had sold their birthright for a mess of pottage; that the Money Devil had them by the throats; that the rich were getting richer and the poor poorer that their legislators were bought; that discontent gnawed at the vitals of the land; that a con scienceless aristocracy of wealth had grown up; that republican simplicity was at a discount; whither were they drifting? They were drifting to revo lution. What would be its end? Pos sibly a long; possibly anarchy; cer tainly bloodshed, death and woe. There was a large amount of this. The talk would not have been out of place In some obscure beer hall in a big city. Out there in the country, with green leaves waving, the scent ol flowers on the air and an honest coun try population listening, it sounded horribly incongruous. The people heard it quietly. Prob ably they did not understand more than half of it Marrok sat down in dead silence, sweaty, pale and gasp ing. Claudia sat with hands clasped in her lap, looking down, heartily ashamed. "Jim" Bowen, near the stand, his face white with passion, fol lowed the sentences carefully. He, too, had forgotten the girl. He knew that his every sentiment had been out raged. Next to his belief in God was his belief in the flag which floated over him. Scarce knowing what he did, he ran to the platform steps, mounted them in leaps and showed before the people, his wide white hat in his right hand. He did not know until he faced them what he should say, but was determined to say something. He said, without heat and clearly, al most with solemity: "My friends You know me. I'm just one of you. I want to speak for you more than for myself. I want to say for you that this man here is a liar, or crazy. I think he is crazy. We are seventy-five millions of people. We believe in our past, present and fu ture. We honor our lathers for what they have done; we stand ready to do the same if occasion should arise. In pestilence, privation, war and death we have erected the greatest govern ment under the sun, in the best land under the sun, and that government shall stand as an example to mankind for ages. That flag," and he raised his hat high, "for more than a hundred years has been the symbol of all that is great and good; it is so to-day. Look at it while we sing that it shall forever wave o'er the land of the free and the home of the brave." The tnousand voices crashed out in the true national hymn. Marrok slunk away crushed and wondering. The county judge rose to make another speech, but they would not listen to him. They sang it all over again. "Columbia," her eyes and nose red from tears and a damp handkerchief in her hand, came to "Jim" and looked at him timidly. "Oh, Jim!" she said. "That was brave; that was noble! Oh, Jim!" Thus "Jim" Bowen, farmer and American, knew that he had done well. HEAVY TAXES AT NEWPORT. Aristocrats at Seaside Resort Pay for Their Exclusiveness. People of moderate means have no business at Newport. They would be taxed out of existence in a little less than no time. The summer residents there will have to meet an increase of tax this year, the tax assessors, who have just finished their labors, having fixed the rate at $11.40 on each $1,000 instead of $11, which has been the rate for the last several years. Com paratively, however, the new rate is still a low one, for at all of the sum mer resorts of any importance the tax is higher than at Newport, and that, too, without any such advantages as that city possesses being offered. The total amount that will be rais ed by the tax will be $475,996.74. The highest assessed estate is the Break ers, the Cornelius Vanderbilt place, which is valued at $983,000. Mrs. Oliv er H. P. Belmont's marble house ranks next in point of assessed value, the figures being $800,000. The new and beautiful summer home of Edward J. Berwind, which is now assessed as completed for the first time, comes third, the valuation being $603,700. Among other large estates are those of Alexander Agassiz, valued at $136, 800; William Waldorf Astor, $203,400; Perry Belmont, $235,600; Mrs. H. M. Brooks, $364,100; J. Carter Brown es tate, $822,000; Mrs. John R. Drexel, $147,000; E. T. Gerry. $289,500; Robert Goelet estate, $417,000; Ogden Goelet estate, $598,500; Mrs. Herman Oel richs, $262,000; Henry A. C. Taylor, $207,000; Hamilton McK. Twombly, $514,500; J. J. Van Alen, $322,000; F. W. Vanderbilt, $333,000, and G. P. Wetmore, $537,700. The Man She Wanted. This Is what a young lady is re ported recently to have said apropos of marriage: "Well, no, I don't know if I would marry for money alone; but if a man had plenty of money, allied to a sweet disposition, and a moustache that curled at both ends and nice blue eyes, and a social position; if he had a distinguished status in a profession, or even as a merchant, and his father was rich and his mother and sisters aristocratic, and he wished to marry me, and he would promise to let me have my own way in everything and keep me liberally supplied with money, and have a splendidly-furnished town house and a handsome country residence, was liberal about diamonds and other gems, also about the milliner, never grumbling, and I really and truly loved him, I shouldn't consider marriage a drawback." Shipbuilding in Virginia. In the Census Bulletin of May 5th on manufactures is pointed out that between 1890 and 1900 Virginia ad vanced from a position of compara tively small importance to a place among the leading shipbuilding states. It will doubtless be a surprise to most of our readers to know that in 1900 Virginia was the first state in the amount of capital invested in this industry, third in the number of wage earners and wages paid, and fourth in the value of products. Its capital in vested in shipbuilding increased from less than a third of a million dollars in 1890 to nearly $15,000,000 in 1900 which is two and one-third times as great as the entire, capital invested in the shipbuilding industry in New England, more than double the capi tal so invested on the Pacific coast and almost equal to the entire amount of capital invested in shipbuilding or the great lakes. Richmond Times. Swindle Arouses Wrath. A hay-swindling scheme is reportec from Steelville, Mo. A farmer bought a bale of hay in which was found about $18 in silver. The local vigilance com mittee is looking for the one whe dared to weigh silver in the place ol hay, when the latter is so high. Ex change. The fool is not always unfortunate, nor the wise man always successful; yet never had a fool a thorough enjoy ment, never a wise man wholly unhappy. STEAM DREDGES USED IN DRAINING LANDS. In several parts of the West new lands are being opened up by the use of steam dredges, such as are em ployed to deepen rivers. For a year or more some of the richest lands la Missouri have been the scene of such operations. In some cases the dredges have .been able to work forward in nearly straight lines for miles, throw ing the dirt up on each side of them, and leaving a broad water way in which the scow that bears the dredg ing machinery floats freely. It is preparing land for drainage on a gi gantic scale. The ditches being both broad and deep draw off the water from broad sections, and also act aa a main ditch into which to run lat erals. This land has been almost or quite worthless. By this means it will in a few years become of great value. The floating dredge is mostly used and the operations begin at tho source of the ditch, so that the water may accumulate in the ditch and float the scow. The greatest problems are faced when such marsh lands are overgrown with timber of large di mensions. In this case the timber must not only be cut off, but the stumps must be cleared away. In many cases, however, it is practicable to run the ditch In a way to avoid the clumps of heavy trees. We bear of like work being done in Indiana and other states In which are consid erable areas of marsh land. MATERIALS FOR COMPOST NOW GOING TO WASTE. It would naturally be thought that the day had gone by when any farm er would burn up straw and other like material to get rid of it That the practice is still with us is doubt less a fact, though we believe that every year the number of farmers that thus dispose of surplus material decreases. Certainly this year there are very few fanners that have any kind of fodder beyond their needs. Where a farmer has a barnyard and a surplus straw stack there is no rea son why the two cannot be brought together, providing always that the straw cannot be fed out We have heard this winter of a barnyard in an exceedingly filthy condition, while just outside of the yard was a pile of such material going to waste in the elements. It would have been a small matter to throw the forage ovei the fence and turn it over to the tramping of cattle The straw and the manure would have been soon mixed. In a few months that same straw would be humus and ready tc go onto the land. If muck be also obtainable so much the better. WHY FARMERS SHOULD STAY ON THE FARM. It Is for the Interest of the genera farming community that the owner? of farms continue to reside on them The mania for moving to town and rusting out what remains of life it very destructive to good farms and good farming methods. This policj seems to be of comparatively recent birth in the United States, and w hope It will have its run quickly. Wc have heard a great deal about how tc keep the boy on the farm, but we wist some one would tell us how to keei the old man on the farm. When s good farmer quits farming and mover out of a community of good farmen he inflicts a great injury on that lo callty. He makes life less endurable to those that are left A locality giver up to tenant farming can hardly be s prosperous one. Every farm is thence forth compelled to carry double. Le the old men remain on the farms and improve them till their homestead are Illustrious examples of what good farming can accomplish. Shall the farms be allowed to go to decay? Ten ant farming will help to run them down. The eyes of the owners an needed to keep them up. TOO MUCH IRRIGATION HURTS WESTERN LANDS Word comes from the West thai some farmers are ruining their landi by over-irrigating them. The land should be given the water It needs and no more. That applies to the humid as well as to the arid states. The constant downward movement of wa ter leaches the fertility out of the up per soil where it is available and car ries it into a portion of the soil where it is not available. In years of moder ate rain the fertility works toward the surface of the soil, while in years ol heavy rain it works away from the surface. If too much water is applied in irrigation a great deal of the fer tility is carried to subterranean chan nels or to surface streams. If just enough water is 'used there is little surplus to drain away and most of the fertility carried down into the sub stratas is subsequently brought back. RAISING DAIRY COWS A PROFITABLE INDUSTRY. Though the number of cows in this country has increased some during the last ten years, it has by no means kept pace with the Increase of population The people that use milk and milk products, have Increased during that time nearly 20 per cent, and the cows only about three per cent If this ratio of increase keeps up it means a comparatively small supply of milk, butter and cheese in the future, and constantly growing prices. This is not a desirable future to be looked for ward to by either the producers or the consumers of dairy products. With a restricted supply of anything, though the price for it may be high, the bene fits are not so widely distributed through the agricultural community as Is the case where the prices are mod erate and supply abundant We have not yet recovered from the effects of the low prices of a few years ago. At that time a good many farmers stopped breeding and raising cattle of the milch type. The higher prices of the past few years should have set the tide in the opposite direction and probably has, but it will be some time before we find It out The Increase in production of dairy cows is not easily obtained, especially in years when the prices for feeders are good. Recently there has been a good advance in the prices paid for milch cows, and if this price continues, breeding along this line will be stimulated. Tell everybody your business and the devil will do it for you. The weakest saint on his knes is too strong for the devil. When a man contracts expensive Uabits his income needs expanding. fFFECTIVE CHECK FOR THE SAN JOSE SCALE. Prof. W. J. Green, of Ohio, says: Various mixtures have been' proposed for this Insect and a number have been found to be more or leas effective. It !s hardly possible, however, to apply any remedy with such thoroughness as to reach every scale, and because Its natural enemies are few and Its rate of reproduction very rapid, complete eradication is practically impossible, but by treatment each season it is en tirely practicable to hold it in check. The choice of a compound with which to make treatment is not to be deter mined alone by its efficiency, but by its availability and practicability as welL Resin washes, composed of resin, pot ash and fish oil, have been found to be efficient, but are troublesome to prepare in a small way. The same is true of a whitewash made of lime, sulphur and salt Whale oil soap, when used as strong as two pounds .to a gallon of water, and applied with thoroughness, is a good remedy. Its cost precludes its use in many cases and the difficulty of finding suitable weather conditions for the application ef it makes results with it quite vari able. While not without objections, crude petroleum has been found, in most cases, to meet the requirements better than any other remedy yet tried at the Ohio Experiment Station. The thin, light grade is safer and less trou blesome to use than the thick, heavy grade, although when diluted with wa ter the latter is less objectionable than If used clear. Refined oil is more harmful than crude. MOTH TRAPS OF LITTLE VALUE FOR ORCHARDS. Prof. J. M. Stedman, Entomologist, Missouri: I 'pronounce, as all other competent entomologists do, that all and any trap lanterns of whatever pat tern using lights as the attractive agent are humbugs when used in orchards and do more harm than good, on account of the ichneumon flies (stinging fly or wasp-like insect) they catch. I had Ave trap lanterns (one of them being Hazeltine's Moth Catcher) in an orchard that was badly infested with the codling moth, and kept them going for 100 consecutive nights, be ginning when the trees bloomed. As a result of all this I caught only two codling moths. Is it not a little strange that those that are not entomologists catch these codling moths, while en tomologists all fail? The trouble lies in the mistaken identity of the cod ling moth, since there are a great number of similar looking but harm less moths that are caught by these traps. These traps will not catch except now and then one by mere ac cidentthe following common injuri ous insects, which the advocates of the moth catchers claim are caught: The codling moth, Colorado potato beetle, plum curculio, gougers, flat and round headed apple tree borers, peach tree borers, tomato worm moth, squash bugs, canker worm moth, cab bage butterfly, bud-worm moth, grape vine moth, currant moth, slug moth, strawberry root borer. BEN DAVIS APPLES ARE GROWING IN POPULARITY. In the cities we hear no more com plaint about the lack of flavor of Ben Davis. It has been about the only ap ple the common people could get hold of this past winter, and it has im proved on acquaintance. It has been retailing in the Chicago groceries at 65 cents per peck nearly all winter, and now is quoted at 90 cents per peck. In a good many stores the buyer has had his pick of Ben Davis under three different names: Ben Davis, Gano and New York Pippin. The people the buyers and eaters are finding fault only with the price they have to pay for Ben Davis. Never theless, we expect that at the horticul tural meetings that are coming we shall hear all kinds of bad things said about Ben Davis, and that the person that buys it never buys it a second time. We know better now. The Ben Davis is a wonderful apple because It Is with us when no other apple is obtainable. It makes money for the apple grower and it saves money to the apple buyer. Let us have more of it COST OF TILING LAND OF DIFFERENT SOILS. The cost of tiling land cannot be stated off-hand with any approach to accuracy. No two farms are alike In conformation, if the land be at all rolling. The cost of outlet may some times be very great while in other cases it is small. If a man has a small brook into which- his drains can empty the matter of outlet Is solved. But If he can drain only onto his neighbor's land, he may find it ex pensive making an arrangement to carry off his drainage waters. This will be especially so if his neighbor's land is to reap no benefit from the drainage. The cost of 4-inch tile Is in the neighborhood of $1.50 per 100 feet The cost of tiling an acre will depend on the character of the soil. If the latter be sandy and have a fair slope the drains can be put far apart perhaps every 100 feet The cost of tile for an acre in that case will be about $7.00. To this must be added the cost of digging and laying, which would be another $7.00. This would, with Incidentals, foot up to perhaps $15 per acre. In case the land be heavy clay and with slight slope the drains would need to be placed every two rods, which would increase the cost to about $45 per acre. These figures presume that the materials and labor are obtained at fair prices. To this must be added such items as cost of gratings at outlets and dig ging of extra ditches after the outlet is reached to give freedom of outflow to the water. GOATS IN PORTO RICO PAY GOOD DIVIDENDS. There are some sheep on the island but these need considerable care and do not thrive In the warm climate of Porto Rico on account of their heavy wool. Goats, however, are found to be excellent substitutes. Their meat is of a delicious flavor, they give an almost Incredible amount of rich, sweet milk and it does not cost much to raise them. A young goat prop erly roasted, is fully as nice as the (attest lamb 'and many Americans In Porto Rico prefer the goat meat A 'nanny" Is worth $2 to $4 and It is true that they thrive on the proverbial 'tin can." Porto Rico Agricultural SOME GOOD POINTERS FOR CHICKEN RAISERS. From Farmers' Review: There are many good breeds of chicks, sev eral not very good, and as many good and as many poor handlers of these breeds. Why is it one person will succeed with the chicken work while another equally as well situated aad started will fail? The reason why some succeed where others fall would better be reason's why, for there are many. Lack of business methods is one main reason. All know, or should know, what is meant by buslnesa methods. If yon are in doubt look up the methods of some who have been successful; visit some of your neigh bors who are successful; then remem ber and profit by the points you learn; if you can discover no points I would advise you to go out of the poultry business instanter. Lack of regularity in feeds. In time of feeding and in general care. The poultry keeper who keeps his flock on the tenter hooks of expectation all the time -will themselves be on the expectation of profit from their flocks. "Great expectations," but unlikely to be realized. Changes, either In the feeds, the housings or in the flocks themselves. Now don't explode; variety of feeds is necessary; sudden change in feed Is detrimental the only sudden change allowed is from nothing to good feed, and this sudden change should be gradual. The Introduction of new blood Is necessary once per year, but one should not be intro ducing new ones into the flock at any and all times. The probabilities are they will take so much time get ting acquainted that there won't be time for them to return any profit The greatest harm la In changing from one breed to another. This la of course necessary when one finds the breed he has is "boarding,' but when one has a fairly profitable breed that he is acquainted with, then changes to a new sort, more for a whim than anything else; he is work ing havoc in the profit for several months at least Some of us nervous, chanageablcAmericans need to be more like some of our conservative neigh bors over the sea; more averse to changes than we are. If you are get ting good returns from your breed and from your way of managing and feeding, make changes slowly; If you must experiment yard a few of your fowls to themselves to experiment with; you may happen upon a valua ble discovery. Emma Clearwater POULTRY POINTS PICKED UP BY EXPERIENCE. No man that has not handled hun dreds of fowls should start In with a big poultry plant It Is better to be gin the poultry business as a side Is sue and gradually develop it The side Issue will teach many lessons that will be valuable when it becomes the main issue. The cost of learning is considerable even with a small flock With a large flock It frequently be comes so great that the waole enter prise is abandoned. . The man that is about to build a large poultry establishment should own his land. If not that, then he should have a long lease. To own Is better. The writer knows of a wom an that built $700 worth of poultry houses on a rented place. In a little over a year she concluded to move and sold her buildings at a sacrifice, the same to be moved from the place. Had she owned the place she might at least have sold them with the place oi rented them if she rented the place. As it was she threw most of her mon ey away. One advantage in poultry culture is the constant Improving ol the land. The owner usually gets the benefit of this not the renter. By all means build expensive houses only on your own land. Builders of poultry houses should consult many plans before building. By this means the thoughts of many persons will be brought into service. If the house is built without such in vestigation, the owner will be con stantly finding errors In the original plan, but too late to correct them ex cept at great expense. At the present time there are many sources from which to obtain plans for such a house. The novice Is likely to get too much or too little glass. He will put the windows in the wrong position,- perhaps In the roof, where they will be covered in the winter by Ice and snow and will in the summer pour a hot stream of sunshine onto the fowls shut up in the house. Many things have to be learned by others that should save us from disastrous experiences. YARDING SPACE NEEDED FOR PRODUCTIVE HENS. From Farmers' Review: When we first began yarding fowls we found that with a balanced ration of a va riety of foods they invariably pro duced more eggs than on unlimited range. But we soon found that the eggs were less fertile and our loss of chicks was greater. These yards were so small that we had to supply a part of the green food. We Increased the size of our yards and provided plenty ot shade. This corrected the trouble with fertility and loss of chicks. We be lieve the ideal way would be to have two yards for one pen of fowls and change occasionally. Miller Bros.. Brown County, Indiana. THE BEST SOIL FOR FORCING OF LETTUCE. In forcing lettuce under glass at the Geneva Station it was found that the best crops were grown where the soil was fertilized with stable manure, though only small quantities were needed. More than ten per cent was usually valueless, if not really harmful to the crops. Clay loam proved a bet ter medium for growth than sandy loam, especially when much manure was used. Chemical fertilizer alone did not force the crops rapidly enough for profit, but supplemented the sta ble manure admirably. Of the nitrog enous commercial fertilizers, dried blood gave somewhat better results than nitrate of soda or sulphate of am monia. In revolutions there are two kind3 of men those who make them and those who profit by them. Tierra del Fuego is full of minerals, among which is no small proportion of gold. Since the beginning of the Boer war the number of tramps in England has diminished seventy-five per cent "One of the things that has been sadly neglected is the language of some of our lower animals," said James Speed, the naturalist "How many persons ever thought for one in stant about what a hog says to an other hog, or what he says to you or me? "Hogs do talk and talk a good deal. Suppose you go out to the barnyard early in the morning; doesn't every hog come running and in unmistaka ble language beg for something to eat? If you give them a trough full cf slop, what is the meaning of the satisfied grunt which you hear? It is not at all like the begging which 'was indulged in until you feed them. "One balmy June day I was walk ing across a field of clover, when far ahead I saw an old friend of mine, a big sow. The fresh green clover made no sound as my feet sunk in it, and the sow did not hear me until I was just behind her. Suddenly she turned and at once gave a startled grunt, which warned her six little spotted pigs that danger was near. In an instant every little pig dropped flat on Its stomach and its ears were flattened on its lit tle back. "After the old sow had taken a sec- VMWWWWWWMMWWVWWMMWWWWWMWWWWMWWAWWWWWl History of Famous Hymn WrtttM fev Sbxm Pact la ! It Stta RetakM Written hy Sax ea Pact Oreat Paul Gerhardt was born in Saxony, in the year 1606. He is the author of many choice hymns. It was on a dark day when he wrote the hymn. "Give to the winds thy fears. Hope and be undismayed " On account of some conflict with the king in his religious sentiments he was ordered to leave the Nicholas church at Berlin, where he bad preached for ten years, and quit the country. With his helpless wife and little ones he turned his steps towards Saxony, his native land. The journey, taken on foot, was long and tiring. As they turned aside to spend the night in a little village inn. his wife, overcome with sorrow, gave way to tears of anguish. Gerhardt. concealing his own sad ness, quoted the beautiful promise: "Trust in the Lord; in all thy ways acknowledge Him, and He shall direct thy paths." His own mind was so impressed by these words that he turned aside and composed this hymn. Late that evening as Gerhardt and his wife sat in the little parlor two WWWWWWWWMMWVWWWWWWWWWAWWWAAAAW Mexico's Grand Old Man President Dievz Hews Done Much for the Welfare of Our Southern Neighbors But President Diaz is over 70 years old and can hardly be expected, in the natural order of things, to remain at the helm of state much longer. The question is, who is fitted to take his place, and how long will Mexico con tinue to be happy and prosperous with out him? A strong and happy con trast lies between the twenty-five years in which Diaz has ruled Mexico and the same period before he came to power. Before, it was war, turmoil and misery nearly all the time; since, it has been peace, order, prosperity and happiness. Diaz was a prominent figure in Mexico in the dark and troubled days. He has known his country as an empire, a republic and a despotism. He has seen governments wrecked, rulers murdered, armies mu tiny, parliaments revolt. He has been the enemy and the defender of the constitution. Twice thrown into pris on, he has twice escaped, and he came from his prison cell to head a success ful army of a thousand men. which went from victory to victory, augment ing its strength, raising sieges, and -jivmfiAiv -i GOVERNOR AS AN INVESTMENT Irreverent Legislator Suggests Forma tion of Novel Company. Ex-Gov. Bunn tells of an incident in the Pennsylvania legislature when Geary was governor of the state. A veteran of the war with Mexico and the Rebellion, the governor was known to have carried bullets away from sev eral battles in which he had fought and been wounded. There had been some startling legislation concerning the incorporation of companies; and Geary, who was believed to be a mere tool in the hands of those who were near him in affairs of state, had been very liberal with his signature. Ojie day, however, he rebelled, and his friends and the lobbyists worked in vain to induce him to sign one or two bills savoring strongly of jobbery. At last one wag arose and said: "Gentleman, I move that we consid er a bill for the incorporation of the Geary Shanks Lead company, limited. It is the understanding of the framers of the prospectus that the governor would make a paying investment be cause of the bullets he carries around in him. And I'll add that the bill be given immediate consideration, before he melts; else the metal may become molten and, so. useless for the pur poses of the incorporators. Angels Were Moulting. The late Rev. Charles Ward, at one time pastor of Saint Stephen's P. E. Church. Philadelphia, was once called to a parish at Plainfield, N. J., where, after organizing his Sunday school, he invited the rector emeritus of the church to address the pupils. The old gentleman came, and after a fatherly talk to the children, said: "Now, little friends, if any of you would like to ask any questions about the Scriptures I will be pleased to snsser them. Up went the hand of a wee miss of six, who asked: "If the angels had wings, why did they walk up and down Jacob's lad der?" This was a puzzler, but he extricat ed himself very cleverly by remark ing: "Now, perhaps some other little boy or girl has thought over that mat ter, and can give an answer." "Up went the hand of a little urchin of seven, whose father was a bird fancier. "Well, sonny, why was it?" "'Cause they was --moulting," re plied the boy. oad good look at me she recognized a personal friead who Mad fed her all her life, so she gave a low, satisfied grunt, aad each and every little pig jumped up aad went to playing again. This is an exemplification of what Er nest Seton Thompson has so frequent ly written about animals teaching their young to drop and 'freeze' at a word of warning. "Later that day, as I came back across the field, 1 heard the same old sow squealiag and crying somewhere in a strip of timber nearby. I knew in an instant that something had hap pened to the sow, for the squealiag was sharp and high, and told ot pain and anger. I hurried to her relief. la the edge of the woods I met the six little pigs huddled together, evidently greatly frightened by their mother's frequent and sharp squeals. At my ap proach they ran to the shelter of some underbrush and hid. I found the old sow with her foot fastened between the roots of a tree aad unable to extri cate herself. In a moment I released her and she hobbled off. calling to her pigs with low grunts of satisfaction." A mill and a wife are always in want of something. 7 lalS It Paewlartty gentlemen' came in, and after some general conversation said they wero going to Berlin to Gerhardt, the de posed minister. Madam Gerhardt turned pale with alarm, fearing somo new calamity. Her husband however, with entiro self-possession, told the strangers that he was the man. One of the gentle men then gave him a letter from Dune Christian of Meresburg,informlng him that in' view of his unjust deposition from the church in Berlin he had set tled a pension on him. Gerhardt in the joy of that moment quietly turned to his wife and gave her the hymn he had composed in the early part of the evening, when all was so dark and seemingly hopeless. "See," said Gerhardt, as he handed his wife the hymn, "see how God provides!" The hymn which, according to tra dition, had this interesting origin, was first published in 1659. It was one among many others which was trans lated by John Wesley. When a tree is falling, every one cries: "Down with it." finally bringing about the reconstruc tion of the republic. But it was not yet peace for Diaz. Revolutions were hardy annuals' in Old Mexico and no revolution in the old days was complete without this sturdy fighter. In one of the last of them he was at anchor off the coast, when, thinking his presence had been discovered, he threw himself into the sea to swim ashore. He was picked up, however, and his safety then de pended on his disguising himself as a coal-heaver. Once free, he was coal heaver no longer, but commander of an army which defeated the govern ment and occupied the capital. He has settled down to quieter times since the troubled sixties and seventies, when for a brief while Mexico had four pres idents at once. His people have rec ognized the statesman beneath the revolutionist, and have sent him five times to power as the head of the state. Leslie's Weekly. To him who is determined it re mains only to act MMMMMMMM WILL USE ONLY NEWSPAPERS Business Men of Scottdale, Pa., Select Advertising Agency. The business men of Scottdale, Pa., have formed an association against all fake advertising. Hereafter they will place their advertising money into the daily and weekly newspapers. Unanimously they have indorsed the newspaper as being the best medium of advertising and the only one that proves satisfactory at all times. Some asserted in the meeting held to form the association that they have spent 100 to $300 a year in schemes which were wholly without any re turn as advertising. A meeting was held at which George II. Shupe was chairman and C. H. Poonaugh secre tary. It was agreed unanimously, that the preliminary agreement, that of pledging the signers not to tako any part in any advertising schemo not considered legitimate by a com mittee to be selected by the subscrib ers to the paper, should be the basis of the association. A committee was instructed to prepare a list of the objectionable advertising schemes and present these at the next meeting. A resolution was passed that any mer chant violating the contract be sub ject to a fine, which was amended that all merchants take an oath that they will not violate the contract against taking part in the objectlda- A Speech to Speak. "Miss Smith," inquired the negro servant, "can you tell me a speech to speak?" "What do you mean, Eliza?" "Why, a speech to say at a birfday party," the girl replied. "Ev'ry time I go to see any o' my frien's, they's all 'e time askin' me can't I do somefln to 'tain the comp'ny. I cain't sing an' never done lairnt no music; so my fren', Mr. Johnson he 'vise me to learn a speech." "Why don't you look up a piece of poetry, then?" "Well, I reckon that's what I'll do. I once knew a piece when I was a girl, it vent somefln' like 'De Lord is my shepherd,' but I cain't 'member no more of it" "But Eliza, you wouldn't speak that at a party; that's from the Bible." "Oh, mam. that's jes' as good as anythin' on'y I cain't 'member no more of it" She who Is bora a beauty is born betrothed. m s -i M . 1 . $ i rifei. - .- j T w?.vVaZ ? I T