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;. (A- R R.) "Can you tell me how to
promt cannibalism among brooder
chicks? I have a lot eight days old
that are doing nicely except that they
hare already killed one of their num
ber and mutilated three others. They
attack the victim around the Tent and
keep picking It until it Is dead. They
hare had an abundance of grit and
oyster shell aU the time. Thinking
the lack of animal food was the cause,
I hare given two feeds of green bone,
hut I don't see that it has done any
good." The trouble is not peculiar to
brooder chicks. I had some cases
with chicks with hens a number of
yean ago. I am not sure that I am
right as to the way the trouble begins,
but think it is when a chick, because
of Irritation at the vent, such as
sight be caused by any bowel disor
der, picks itself there until blood ap
pears. If this then attracts the at
tention of some of the others, and
they begin to pick and get a taste of
blood, they keep it up. It is possible
that even when no blood has started
the chicks seeing one of their number
pecking Itself, and evidently In dis
tress. Join It and soon create serious
trouble; but I have seen little chicks,
only a few days old, literally tear
themselves to pieces without aid from
ethers. Farm-Poultry.
Filthy Tarda.
We talk about cleanliness In the
dairy, but let us not forget about
cleanliness In the poultry establish
ment. Dirt and disease seem to go to
gether In all places. Filth makes a
good medium for the development of
disease microbe. If a hen bouse and
yard are kept clean there is seldom
any visitation from diseases that
sweep away the fowls. ery often the
part of the yard directly in front of
the hen house door becomes very filthy.
This is especially so In the spring and
fall when the precipitation Is con
siderable This occurs more with
large flocks than with small ones. No
matter how large the run for the poul
try, the birds spend a good deal of
.their time near the poultry house.
They seem to have but little aversion
for splashing through soft mud. Some
times they will eat up every green
thing within a dosen feet of the hen
house door and leave the green sward
farther away. This is more so with
the large breeds than with the small
ones. The solution appears to be small
locks.
'&.
;
Kathaemem of Feeltry KaWa.
All of the world's most successful
men succeeded because of the enthusi
asm that they had In their particular
lines of work. It Is unnecessary, then.
to say that a man to succeed in poul
try keeping must be enthusiastic.
When a man that has a big poultry
establishment finds his enthusiasm
waning or being diverted to some
ether occupation it will probably be
found the part of wisdom to drop the
poultry business. A while ago the
writer visited a poultry establishment
where the owner had evidently had
enthusiasm for the poultry nusi
diverted into another channel. He
tad Mother business, and that ap
peared to be thriving. His large poul
try establishment, however, showed
ejverjr sign of neglect The pens had
vMantly not been cleaned out for a
month, and sick hens were apparent
here and there In the flocks. Enthu
siasm would never have tolerated that
condition of affairs.
Feeltry Potato Picked Vp.
We have been asked if a cracked
egg can be used for hatching. That
will depend on several kinds of cir
cumstances. If the crack Is not too
large. It may be mended by pasting
over it a strip of thin, tough paper.
The hen, if large and heavy, may
break it even then. If the hen be
light, or if an incubator be in use, the
egg may come through all right and
produce n chick.
Poultry manure Is a very concen
trated fertilizer, and this should be
borne In mind when It is being ap
plied to the land. It should be saved
with care, as carelessness in that re
spect may render It of little value.
Mixing it with dry dust will destroy
Its value unless a certain amount of
moisture be present When kept In
barrels It is well to keep It a little
moist, but not wet When too dry
mischief Is wrought by chemical ac
tion, and when too wet, by bacterial
action.
It is a superstition that salt Is poi
sonous to hens. A lady saw the wri
ter salting the warm mash for the
poultry and said, with surprise: "Why
do you put salt in their food? I
thought salt always killed hens."
When salt is thrown out in the form
of rock crystals, fowls sometimes eat
them for grit and are killed thereby.
A man would be killed by salt also
if he ate it in proportionate quanti
ties. The danger to hens from the
presence of salt crystals should re
mind us that there are many other
substances that If left around may
prove Injurious. But poison must not
be left where fowls can find it Bits
. of mire, tacks and even nails may
prove deadly. The writer once had a
fowl suddenly go lame and killed her.
.The lameness was found to be caused
by pieces of wire exceeding an inch
in length. These had worked from
the gisxard into the flesh of the fowl,
and one piece was in process of work
ing out between the body and leg.
A Potato Crop
Mr. D. C Prosser, a correspondent
of the Farmer's Review in Oceana
Ossmty. Michigan; tells how a neigh
bor of his made a fine thing out of a
potato crop. Some years ago he had a
geod-sized crop and held it for the
late spring market He overdid the
heMlng to such an extent that the
market dropped on him, on account of
the near approach of the,timo for new
potatoes. Instead of letting go the
owner of the old potatoes rested nil
the land he could in the neighborhood
ami succeeded in getting in 120 acres
of potatoes, thus using the bulk of bis
old crop for seed. The harvest gave
a. rood croD about . 14.000 bush-
These he sold at a good price.-and
a large profit on the opera-
.Wisconsin Cold, dry weather has
unfavorable to meadows andt
which are in poor condition
not so much on account of severe win
ter weather as late pasturing in the
fall, "which left the roots exposed.
Clover winter killed badly.
P
trsdnin The condition of spring
pastures over the state Is hardly up
toitne' averane the growth of grass
x ..-
m most localities.
' Iriak aad Daatofc Methode.
Let us draw a contrast by picturing
one of our own creameries about 7
o'clock a. m., and any creamery In
Denmark at, say 6 o'clock a. m. What
do we see In the former? Is not the
creamery surrounded by a double line
of men, women and child, en, all either
fighting their way to the receiving
platform or else scrambling for skim
milk, and altogether creating the Im
pression in the mind of a stranger
that certain political issues were in
volved, rather than the carrying on of
an industry whose object is the Im
provement of our social and economic
conditions? In the latter case we see
one large two horse spring wagon
holding between thirtr and forty me
dium sized cans, beside the receiving
platform, and one man standing on it
unloading the cans, which are taken
in by one of the dairymen. When the
first wagon is unloaded, matters are so
regulated that another wagon arrives
Just in time, so as to cause no delay
either in the creamery or on the road.
While one wagon is being unloaded,
the other is being loaded with skim
milk.
The two nictnres constitute a strik
ing contrast May we call them
"Peace" and "War"? No doubt irisn
Homestead, .
UK
Faslearlsatlea of BM.
A series of experiments in continu
ation of those conducted ia previous
years, was carried on this past year,
chiefly to determine the effects of dif
ferent pasteurizing temperatures, be
tween 140 and 200 degrees, on the bac
terial content of milk, and upon the
quality of the butter. Briefly, the re
sults indicate that a temperature of
ISO to 185 degrees is very favorable In
reducing the bacterial content to a
low point, and this temperature also
adds keeping quality to the butter. If
we wish to establish a good reputa
tion for Canadian butter in the Brit
ish markets, we shall iiave to adopt
pasteurisation; and if we wish our
butter to retain Its fine flavor for
some time, we shall do well to pas
teurtnt at a. tomnerature of 180 to 185
degrees. In our experiments, the
whole milk was pasteurized be
fore separating and the skim-milk
was run over a water-cooler before it
was returned to the patrons. We
found that this plan enabled us to
send to the farmer a good quality of
skim-milk for feeding purposes. Re
port Ontario Experiment Station.
Tare Type of Dairy Cowa.
Prot T. L. Haecker: We feed each
cow all she can consume and assimi
late. At the end of the first year we
found that some cows charged us -7
cents per pound for butter made from
their milk, while others charged only
12 cents, and others ranged between
these two sums. The breed made no
difference; some Shorthorns made
cheap butter, and some Jerseys costly
butter. Breed had nothing to do with
th cost it was all in the cow. Size
nr rnlnr had nothing to do With it
We put all the cows that made cheap
butter on one side, and ranged the
cows who charged the most for butter
on the other side. Each side, no mat
ter what breed, ahowed similar char
acteristics. Those that charged a
high price were sleek, nice looking an
imals that would answer the descrip
tion of the general purpose cow, while
those that made butter cheap had the
genuine dairy type, the light quarters
and the heavy wedged shaped barrel.
Every pound of food consumed was
put to good use.
Compoaltlea of Milk.
H. D. Richmond, analyst, reports
in the Dairy. London, England, re
sults of his work on the composition
of milk as follows: The average com
position of milk as shown by the an
alyses of 13,978 samples during the
year 1900 results as follows: The av
erage for fat was 3.64 per cent; for
solids not fat 8.93 per cent, and for
ampule, mvltv. 1.0323. With regard
to the variation of the constituents of
the solids not fat the author states
that "any deficiency of solids not fat
below 9.0 per cent is chiefly due to a
deficiency in the milk sugar;" any ex
cess above 9.0 per cent Is chiefly due
to excess of proteids. As the result
of a considerable amount of work on
the relation between the proteids and
salts of milk, he considers that one
third of the base with which casein is
combined in milk is soda, and not lime;
and that casein forms a molecular
compound with calcium phosphate.
Dairy Heahaadry at Chamaalra.
A course of study in judging dairy
products has Just been introduced in
the dairy husbandry department of the
College of Agriculture at the Univer
sity of Illinois. The course is prin
cipally designed for students in gen
eral agriculture and includes a brief
treatment of the subject of dairy san
itation, the production of milk and
the methods employed for the manu
facture of common dairy products.
Following this great stress will be
laid on the proper selection of milk
and the judging of butter and cheese.
In judging the products score cards
are used to illustrate the relative im
portance of each of the points to be
considered essential in a standard
product The object of the course is
to give the student who specializes In
lines of agriculture other than dairy
ing an opportunity to gain a proper
conception of the qualities good dairy
products should possess.
Dairy Xetea.
The old-fashioned way of making
butter is to churn it into a lump, but
by this means a large quantity of butter-milk
is gathered in the butter,
contrary to the first requisite in butter-making,
which is, that we should
have It as free as possible from casein
or cheesy matter.
Should the cream be thin and sweet
It may be churned at a higher tem
perature than when thick and ripened.
Never feed dusty hay.
The best cows are always the heavy
feeders.
It is not always the man with the
biggest herd of cows who clears the
most money from his dairy.
Feeding cows right lies at the base
of profitable dairying.
The dove of promise comes in re
sponse to prayer.
Germay has imported as much as
$10,000,000 worth of apples in one year
and $2,500,000 worth of pears.
The man with tnat particular brand
of trouble nose mighty well that hay
fever season's coming on.
Near Scarborough, England, there Is
n farm for raising butterflies and
moths. The output Is 20.000 a
New Adalteraat far Stock Feed.
A communication from the Pennsyl
vania station says:
A sample of bran was submitted to
the experiment station, a short time
since, for examination, with the state
ment that horses and cattle would not
eat it Chemical analysis showed the
presence of 8 per cent of protein and
nearly 36 per cent of fiber or woody
matter, whereas average bran contains
15.5 and 9 per cent respectively, of
these constituents. Particles of yel
low, tough, parchment-like substance
were present in large quantity; they
proved, upon microscopical examina
tion, to be portions of the inner seed
coat of the coffee berry. This has re
cently been put upon the market as a
cattle food under the name "corna
line;" according to analyses by the
New Jersey experiment station it con
tains only 2.5 to 3 per cent of protein.
.5 to .7 per cent of fat and about 60
per cent of fiber; so that it has an ex
tremely low value for feeding pur
poses. Dr. Winton. of the Connecticut
experiment station, to whom a portion
of the saxnDle was sent for examina
tion, states that he had received, only
a day or two earlier, a sample of bran
from Massachusetts that proved to be
adulterated with the same material.
Its microscopic appearance is highly
characteristic; the inner seed-coat of
the coffee having, when magnified by
thirty or forty diameters, "a peculiar
marking that much resembles that of
the skin on the ball of the fingers. No
other such adulterant possesses this
distinctive marking. Wm Frear.
Whwt m Stock Fee.
The following table shows the num
ber of pounds of digestible nutrients
in 100 pounds of both corn and wheat:
Carbo-
iVi' Protein.
hydrates. Fat
lbs! lbs.
69.2 1.7
66.7 4.3
1 lbs.
Wheat 10.2
Corn 7.8
The superiority of wheat over corn
for young stock evidently lies in the
extra amount of digestible protein
which it contains. As seen above, each
100 pounds of wheat contains 10.2
pounds of digestible protein while the
same quantity of corn has only 7.8
pounds. This shows the wheat to con
tain 30 per cent or almost one-third
more protein than the corn. The
wheat also excels the corn. The
pounds per 100 In the digestible car
bohydrates (starches and sugars) it
contains. The excellence of corn for
fattening comes from its extra per
cent of fats to the protein as com
pared with wheat the corn having
about 10 pounds of these two ingredi
ents to each pound of protein, while
the wheat has only 7. The Maine sta
tion obtained better results from feed
ing ground wheat to dairy cows than
from corn meaL Both were fed in
connection with timothy hay. I am
convinced from a number of years' ex
perience in feeding wheat to cows at
the Utah station that It Is fully equal
to corn. If not superior for that pur
pose. Luther Foster, Wyoming na
tion. Feed Valaea.
The following table shows the di
gestible protein and carbohydrates In
a number of our most common feeds:
Carbohy
Protein. drates.
Green Fodder
Corn fodder L10 12.08
Corn silage 56 11.79
Rye fodder 2.05 14.11
Oat fodder 2.69 22.66
Timothy 2.28 23.71
Millet 1-92 15.63
Red clover 3.07 14.82
Alfalfa 3.89 11.20
Kentucky blue grass .... 3.01 19.83
Orchard grass 1.91 15.91
Cowpea L68 8.08
Soja-bean 2.79 11.S2
Hay and Dry Fodder
Corn fodder 2.48' 33.38
Corn stover 198 33.16
Rye straw .74 42.71
Oat straw 158 41.63
Timothy hay 2.89 43.72
Millet hay 4.50 51.67
Red clover hay 6.58 35.35
Alfalfa hay 10.58 37.33
Kentucky blue grass hay 4.76 37.33
Orchard grass hay 4.78 41.99
Cowpea hay 10.79 38.40
Soja-bean straw 2.30 39.98
Wheatstraw 80 37.94
Baying Aalmala.
Too many men wish to settle the
purchasing question by a certain fi
nancial standard, rather than that of
first finding the Individual suited to
their needs and then talking cost aft
erwards. Too many men desire to buy
stock at hardly above butchers' prices,
and express nq willingness to pay a
premium to the man who is offering
them animals that have been produced
at great cost and effort We all need
educating, but such men need it a lit
tle more than others. One thing it
will always be safe to recommend, and
that is, if at all possible, purchase no
stock until you have first personally
inspected it It Is an unsafe thing to
rely on some one else to select that for
you which is to be used to develop and
Improve your stock. We differ in our
judgment, and each man should as
much as possible rely on his own rath
er than on another's judgment in buy
ing stock. Do not buy animals be
cause they are cheap. Buy because you
need them and they will do you good.
Pay for quality rather than quantity.
Get a good thing rather than a poor
one. and do not find fault if you get a
poor animal when you have paid" the
price for that kind. Prof. C. S. Plumb.
The creamery manager may think
that he has not the time to devote to
telling the patrons of his creamery
how to take care of their milk. He
should, however, consider that any
time put into this work means labor
saved in other parts of the work. The
purer the milk the easier will it be
to make good butter from it Mis
sionary work must be done along this
line and the missionary is logically
the man in charge of the creamery or
factory.
Horace ta Argeatiaa.
With a population of 4,780,000 the
Argentine Republic possesses 5,081,000
horses. It is the only country in the
worrd that has a horse for every inhabitant
Vanity is the daughter of selfish
ness. Although ordinarj wood alcohol is a
poison, Ohio is the only state which
prohibits its sale on that account
Every farmer should make a study
of seeds as to vitality. With many
there is a sort of fatality as to the
germinating quality of their seeds.
They take It for granted they will
grow.
-
Seareea of Mole Sapalyw
From, the Farmers' Review: Large
quantities of cantaloupe of various va
rieties are raised in the central and
southern portion of this state unless
the crop is injured in some way by cli
matic conditions. Our main early sup
ply, up to two years ago, was grown in
this section. Extreme southern sec
tions of the country are going Into the
business very heavily this season, yet
their product will be out of the
way, or will be crowded out by the
Illinois crop when our home product
is ready for shipment unless for some
reason the quality of the home-grown
is poor. Large quantities of water
melons are grown in the Carmi (Illi
nois) district and the last of the Mis
souri crop Is crowded out of our mar
ket when the Illinois stock begins
coming, on account of the difference in
freight Indiana also ships quite
heavily to this market .at about the
same time the Illinois crop is being
harvested. The Rockyford canta
loupes grown in Colorado are of. su
perior quality to those grown farther
East, unless climatic conditions are
bad during the ripening of the melons.
Crop was short all round last season
and very high prices ruled. The acre
age will be very large this season, and
it is probable that results will be satis
factory to growers, although consump
tion has increased very largely in the
last few years. C. H. Weaver. Chi
cago. m
Advantage of "HoUlac
Prof. W. A. Henry, In his book on
"Feeds and Feeding." says: "By soil
ing" is meant supplying forage fresh
from the fields to farm stock more or
less confined. The first American wri
ter to bring this subject to the atten
tion of our people was Josiah Quincy.
whose essays in 1820 were later gath
ered into a book entitled the "Soiling
of Cattle," now out of print Quincy
points out six distinct advantages from
tioiling: First, 'the saving of land;
second, the saving of fencing; third,
the economizing of food; fourth, the
better condition and greater comfort
of the cattle; fifth, the greater product
of milk; sixth, the attainment of ma
nure. According to this author, there
are six ways in which farm animals
destroy the articles destined for their
food. First, by eating; second, by
walking; third, by dunging; fourth, by
staling; fifth, by lying down; sixth,
by breathing on it Of these six, the
first one only is useful; all the others
are wasteful. Quincy reports his own
experience where twenty cows, kept
in stalls, were fed green food supplied
six times a day. They were allowed
exercise in the open yard. These twen
ty cows subsisted on the green crops
from seventeen acres of land, where
fifty acres had previously been re
quired. Plants for the ChUdrea.
- Each one of our experiment stations
adds its quota to the list of new enter
prises. In a recent public document
the station at Mesilla Park, New Mex
ico, states that it is anxious to do all
in Its power to aid in the work of beau
tifying the surroundings of the rural
schools of New Mexico. To this end it
is willing to send, free of charge, a
small supply of such trees, shrubs, and
plants as It has available to the au
thorities or teachers of rural schools
of New Mexico who apply for the same.
It has already sent out stock for such
purposes. It Is expected, of course,
that where such stock is sent out, it
will be cared for and watered when
necessary. There is a natural gravita
tion toward the rural schools, through
which tbe station work becomes ex
ceedingly effective. The New York sta
tion at Cornell Is doing a similar work
in sending out flower seeds for distri
bution among the scholars of the state.
Fralt Exhibits at lattltatei.
From Farmers Review: From what
observation I have been able to make
I believe that exhibits at Farmers' In
stitutes interest many farmers and
their wives that cannot be reached in
any other way. They take a pride in
bringing the best product from the
field, garden or pantry, and in this
manner become a part of the Institute,
and after they have attended one ses
sion they are convinced that it is a
good place to be and after receiving
good cash premiums they go home
feeling that some one has been work
ing for them. In this way many far
mers become interested and make
good workers for the cause. If no ex
hibits had been made these same far
mers would have remained at home
entirely ignorant of what a Farmers'
institute consisted of or what benefits
were to be derived from them. Ed
ward Grimes, Montgomery County,
Illinois.
IUIaole Soil Servey.
The United States Bureau of Soils
and the University of Illinois are
jointly undertaking the soil survey of
Illinois. Work has begun in 'Tazewell
County. In doing this work it is nec
essary to proceed slowly, and take
samples of the soil from the surface
to a depth of three to six feet Soil
maps will be made, which will show
the location of all the different classes
of soils. The samples are to be taken
by means of augers. The experiment
station at Champaign will supplement
the soil survey by means of analyses
of samples of the soil taken. This
work is certain to be of great value to
the farmers of the state, as it will
make more intelligent treatment of
the soils possible. It is expected that
1.000 square miles of soil will be sur
veyed this season.
Vac of Steps.
Edwin Spicer, a Wisconsin corre
spondent of the Farmers Review,
asks the uses of rape. In answer we
would say: Rape may be sown at any
time from April to August Its most
important use is as a pasture for
sheep. It can be fed to sheep of near
ly all ages to advantage. Generally
the rape can be fed within two months
of the time of seeding. Lambs should
not be turned into a rape field till
they have had about two hours' graz
ing on other pasture. For cattle its
best use is for fall feeding, and then
as a soiling crop. It is fed to some
extent to dairy cows. It is a good
feed for swine, adding succulence to
the grain feed.
The Wyoming station is carrying.on
experiments to determine how much
water the potato crop needs. Prac
tically nothing is known as yet re
garding the correct amount of water
to use to produce maximum yields or
the times at which the water should
be applied.
One can stop in rising, never in de-
I dining.
Soag of Glarfaau.
Sing away your trouble and soul-disturbing-
fears:
Smile away your sorrows. yir heart
aches and your tears:
Let the sunshine follow you thro all the
coming years.
Sing asong of gladness forever.
Look above the trials that abound on
ev'ry hand;
Keep a stock of courage always at com
mand; Some time In the future you will under
stand Sing a song of gladness forever.
When the day- Is gloomy, songs will make
It bright; .
When the burden's heavy, smiles iwlll
make It light;
Sunshine will follow in the trail of dark
est night
Sing a song of gladness forever.
Just a song of sunshine let It flood tbe
heart- ...
And the bars of sorrow It will rend
apart;
Whisper words that courage In some
soul will start
Sing a song of gladness forever.
Glorleas Gettyabarg.
The battle on the first day was re
markable not only for the acts- of
great personal courage, but also for
the most heroic fighting on the part
of organizations. The 147th New
York was the first regiment to make
the great record at Gettysburg. Going
into position on the right of Cutler's
Brigade, and becoming hotly engaged
in the very beginning of the fight
Lieut Col. F. C. Miller, its command
er, fell almost at the first fire, shot
in the head. Maj. George Harney then
commanded. The regiment fought the
Forty-second Mississippi, and when
the position became untenable and the
brigade was ordered to the rear, the
command to retreat was not received
by the 147th until the other regiments
of the brigade had gone. The 147th then
stood alone, and not only fought the
regiment to its front, but was exposed
to the fire of the Second Mississippi,
and the Fifty-Ninth North Carolina
on the right flank. The fight was
close and deadly, but Harney and his
men stood up to the work until the
orders reached them to retreat, which
they did in good order, with colors
flying. The loss of ofllcers and men
was appalling, but hardly had the
splendid organisation reached the new
position than it became engaged in
resisting the attack of Ewell's corps
and assisted in capturing a part of
Iverson's Brigade. But the 147th was
not yet ready to rest; on the evening
of the second day it was rushed over
to Culp's Hill to reinforce Green's
Brigade, and until long after dark
fought in the dense woods among
rocks and fallen timber, locating the
enemy by the tongues of fire that
leaped from their muskets. This regi
ment was recruited in Oswego coun
ty, New York, and it left the great
record on Gettysburg's field of sixty
per cent killed and wounded, more
than twenty per cent being killed outright
Saw Hard Service.
Few men can claim the distinction
of having actively engaged in twenty
one pitched battles, and fewer have
Capt. Sasanel C Wright.
lived to relate the story of their pri
vations and sufferings, after having
been wounded so often and so severe
ly as has Capt. Samuel C. Wright, a
United States inspector of customs at
Boston.
The story of his life reads like a
romance. He was thrice reported
dead, and twice promoted upon the
field "for conspicuous bravery in ac
tion." His right eye was shot out, and tbe
ball entered far into his head, but he
lives to tell the story, and shows the
bullet dangling from his watch chain.
Grant and Lee at Appomattox.
As the two sat talking on their
horses only a few steps from us, we
had a full opportunity not only to note
their bearing, but to hear most of the
conversation. I had not seen Lee for
about six years, and his appearance Is
thus described in a letter written the
next day:
"Soon after our arrival Gen. Lee
came riding up, attended only by two
orderlies. He looks pretty much the
same as usual, but older, and his face
has a very sad expression. I did not
see him smile once during the Inter
view. He has the same qii let. subdued,
gentlemanly manner for which he was
always noted."
As the two generals sat talking to
gether. Gen. Grant turned and beck
oned to Gen. Seth Williams, his adju
tant general, who rode forward. 1
was curious to see the meeting be
tween Lee and Williams. Some years
before the war, when Lee was super
intendent of the military academy,
Williams was his adjutant, and was
known to be a great favorite with him.
As Williams approached, the two
shook hands, but there was nothing in
Lee's face, as he gravely and courte
ously received him. to indicate that
he had ever met him before.
After talking a little while Gen.
Grant beckoned me forward, and on
approaching Gen. Lee pretty much
the same scene took place as with
Williams. Gen Grant said: "Gen.
Lee is desirous that his officers and
men should have on their person some
evidence that they are paroled prison
ers, so that they will not be disturbed,"
and Gen. Lee remarked that he sim
ply desired to do whatever was in his
yower to protect his men from any
thing disagreeable. I said I thought
that could be arranged, as I bad a
small printing press and could have
blank forms struck off which could be
filled up and one given to each officer
and man of the army, signed by their
own officers, and distributed as re
quired. To this he assented. He then
turned to Gen. Grant and said: "Gen
eral, have you accepted private horses
for the surrender. Now, most of my
couriers and many of the artillery and
cavalry own their own horses. How
will It be about them?"
Gen. Grant replied at once, speak
ppi9rJk
ing to me: "They will be allowed ti
retain them." Turning to Gen. Le
he added: "They will need them li
putting in their spring crops." Th
remark struck me as peculiar, and :
have no doubt it did Lee. for Gran'
could have said nothing which demon
strated more completely his idea tha
the war was over and that these war
like men and horses would go at once
to work planting corn. From a Pos
thumous Paper by Gen. John Gibbon
In the Century.
Whm 1X9,838 Soldiers Tell.
The greatest and most historical bat
tlefield spot in the world Is that in
and around Fredericksburg, Va. A
comparatively small territory in this
region would take In places where
were fought tbe great battles of Fred
ericksburg, Chancellorsville, the
Wilderness. 'Spottsylvania Court
House, Laurel Hill, the Bloody Angle,
Todd's Tavern and a half dozen small
er but hardly less bloody struggles.
More than 500.000 troops were engaged
in these battles. The total losses In
killed and wounded at these battles
were 129,838, besides an immense num
ber of deaths from disease. In the of
ficial data collected by Col. Fred Phis
terer, in his statistical record, the fig
ures of the losses at Fredericksburg
and other important battles in the vi
cinty are given as follows: Fredericks
burg, Dec. 13, 1862, Union loss. 12,353;
Confederate loss. 4.576; Chancellors
ville, Union loss. 16,030; Confed
erate. 12.281; Wilderness. Union,
37.737; Confederate, 11,400; Spotts
sylvania. Court House, includ
ing Laurel Hill, the Bloody Angle
and Ny river. Union loss. 26,461; Con
federate. 9.000. The general officers
killed in these engagements were:
Union, Maj. Gens. John Sedgwick. Hi
ram G. Berry and Amiel W. Whipple.
Brevet Maj. Gens. James S. Wads
worth and Alexander Hays, Brg. Gens.
George D. Bayard, Conrad F. Jackson.
Edmund Kirby, James C. Rice and
Thomas G. Stevenson; Confederate offi
cers of prominence killed were Lieut
Gen. Thomas J. Jackson, Brig. Gens.
Thomas R. R. Cobb. Junius Daniel. Ab
ener Perrin, Maxey Gregg. E. F. Pax
ton, J. M. Jones, Leroy A. Stafford and
Micah Jenkins.
Ofleers aad Their Men.
"Some of the company's officers,"
said the major, "had in the first year
of the war original methods of main
taining discipline. I remember a cap
tain in the Twenty-second Illinois
who scorned the ordinary methods of
punishing the privates of his company.
While we were at Bird's Point. Mo.,
in the fall of 1861. I passed his quar
ters one day and found him behind his
tent pounding a man as large and ac
tive as himself. The captain was
stripped to shirt and trousers and was
fighting for the mastery.
"For five or ten minutes it was give
and take between him and his antago
nist. Then the latter was knocked
down and said he had enough. Then
the captain put on his coat sent the
man to the orderly's tent, and sat
down to smoke with me. He said he
made it a rule to trounce every man
who was saucy or insubordinate, and
as bis men were mostly from the
country, and given to independent no
tions, he found the plan to work well.
He said he would no more think of
bucking and gagging his men than he
would of shooting him." Chicago In
ter Ocean.
Foraging la the Army.
"Yes." said the captain, "the boys
on a raid would pick up anything that
came in their way. and they were
worse in the first year of the war than
in the last. At first raiding or forag
ing developed a sort of waywardness
not quite consistent with soldierly in
stincts and discipline, and the study
of men of good home-training under
new conditions and temptations was
very interesting.
"No man cared to enter a house and
take a book or a picture, but I have
seen one of our country-bred soldiers
pick up a log chain in a barnyard and
carry it a mile or more without flinch
ing. At the same time another fellow
would appropriate a clock and carry
it for three or four days simply be
cause it suggested home associations.
A man who considered it disreputable
to take a clock would without a twinge
of conscience purloin a coffee mill or
frying pan. and I never could convince
any of my men that it was wrong to
steal a chicken." Chicago Inter Ocean.
Phil Sheridan's Brother.
Brig. Gen. Michael V. Sheridan re
sembles his brother Philip of Winches
ter fame in general appearance, al
though he is taller than "Little Phil."
In speaking of Sheridan's resemblance
to his brother a friend of Gen. Brooke
tells this story:
I was at Omaha one day while
Brooke was in command of the De
partment of the Platte, and was invit
ed to the general's house for the even
ing. There I met a number of men
and women. The presentations were
of the regulation order, and left no
deep impression as to names on my
mind. After speaking to a stocky man,
who even in his evening clothes looked
.like a soldier, I said to one of the
women, "How much your friend looks
like Gen. Sheridan."
"That is not strange," said she, "for
they are related on their parents'
side."
"I don't .quite understand," I said.
"Why. he's 'Phil' Sheridan's broth
er," was the reply.
Myatery of the Dew.
After a clear, still night, every
grassblade hangs thick with dewdrops,
while the roads and grael paths re
main perfectly dry. Did it ever occur
to you to wonder why this was so?
The fact is that dew is most readily
deposited upon cold surfaces by tbe
air which contains it The Blender
blades of grass and leaves give up the
warmth "tney have gained during the
day more easily than do stones and
earth, and so they gather more moist
ure from the atmosphere.
Alaaanae for Brltleh Army.
Some years ago during one of Its
Egyptian campaigns the British army
was suddenly startled by a total
eclipse of the sun for which the troops
were not prepared. To prevent the
possibility of another such surprise,
which might have had grave conse
quences, the British war office decid
ed to have an almanac regularly pro
duced for the army's guidance. Such
an almanac has been published regu
larly since that time.
For various reasons the best his
torical novel is the one tiat remains
unpublished.
Wt(Pmmk
s i I u 1 1 Hm
sl 1 I ' V y
DECORATION DAY EPISODE.
Simple but Patriotic Exercises in
Western Frontier Town.
"For genuine patriotism one must
go to the country, or, better still, to
the frontier or mountain towns. Awa;
from the maddening rush for wealth
the people live closer to nature and
also get opportunities to form social
acquaintances which develop into the
closest friendships. Holidays to this
class are something out of the ordi
nary." Having thus delivered himself
the old-time newspaper man pondered
a while and then resumed somewhat
as follows: "Away back in 1883 I was
stranded in a little mountain hamlet
in Colorado called Georgetown. It
was Decoration day. My cash had
run out, the two weeklies had a full
complement of help and I was up
against it
"Going along the main street, I ran
across a local correspondent for one
of the weeklies, whom I had met in
Denver. He gave me the glad hand
and asked if I had struck any aurifer
ous ore. Having told him of the de
pleted condition of the treasury, he
stated that a committee appointed by
the G. A. R. post had met with hard
luck in lassooing a speaker for the
program at the cemetery. Then an
idea struck him.
"'Say, pard, why can't you give us
a lift? There's a five dollar gold
piece in it!'
"Did I take it? Well, I delivered
the best speech ever made in the
Rockies. But you should have seen
that procession. Miners wearing their
red or blue shirts, with great leather
belts to hold their trousers in place,
sans coat and vest, but shod in high
top boots and on their heads were
slouch hats or sombreros adorned
with rattlers. Here and there was a
real veteran, whose empty sleeve cr
limp demonstrated that he had helped
defend the stars and stripes. Alto
gether there were fewer than 300 men
in line. But patriotism, pure and un
adulterated; beat in every breast. I
was accorded a position of honor at
the head of the line alongside my
friend, who was past commander of
the post and measured about 5 feet
4. The commander was 6 .cot 2, anu
we made up a great bunch. The line
of march took in the main street of
the town and then over two miles of
rocky road to the cemetery. Once
there I delivered my little talk and
then the veterans tenderly placed
flags and flowers on the' graves of
their beloved dead. Many a teardrop
fell upon the blossoms as the old boys
passed them around and recalled their
gallant comrades of years agonc.
There was no work in Georgetown
that day. for it was a holiday devoted
to the memory of the brave men who
fought to preserve the nation's honor.
Give mc the frontier for tbe real ar
ticle in patriotism."
tet No Soldier Be Forgotten.
The significance of the day should
inspire every veteran soldier and sail
or to pay homage to the valorous
deeds of their comrades of 1898. The
annals of our country have been made
glorious by the noble and heroic sac
rifices of her sons.
It is our duty to keep ever present
in our memories the historic deeds of
the patriotic dead our country's
dead.
nnaWmHmaVLvVl' Ky VlsMy
mWmWmH JnnnvmwVa 'antnnnnnnnnHnnT aafl
THE FIRST VOtUNTEER.
Dr. Charles F. Rand Is Still Living at
Washington.
At this time the living as well as
the dead veterans of the great war
claim our attention. It is interesting
to note that the first volunteer for
the civil war is still living. He is
Dr. Charles F. Rand of Washington,
retired from active practice by means
of troublesome wounds received near
ly forty years ago.
Among all the war records at Wash
ington there is none of an earlier en
listment than that of Dr. Rand, and
the honor has, therefore, been given
him by common consent.
Not only was Dr. Rand the first vol
unteer 'for the civil war, but be was
also the first soldier to win the con
gressional medal of honor for distin-
, guished gallantry in action. This
event occurred at Blackburn's ford,
Va., in less than three months after
his enlistment His command was or
dered to retreat, and every man
obeyed save young Rand, at the time
tint eighteen Tears of axe.
1
wk
soldier's
The rest of his battalion of 500 men
was swept in disorder from the field,
but Rand held his ground, notwith
standing the fact that the field waa
plowed by shot and shell all about
him. The enemy finally absolutely re
fused to fire at the boy, standing
bravely alone and shooting at them as
coolly as if he had a thousand men
at his back. Rand then crept across
a deep ravine and joined the com
mand of Gen. A. H. Barnum, remain
ing with them until the end of the
engagement.
Dr. Rand's patriotism anfl gallantry
has been recognized by two governors
of the state of New York and by three
presidents. He was twice personally
honored by President Lincoln; New
York state remembered him with a
gold medal appropriately inscribed,
and the United States government
has presented him with a plot in the
most beautiful part of Arlington cem
etery, where, at the proper time, the
state of New York will erect a monu
ment worthy of the first man to offer
his services as. n volunteer during the
great rebellion.
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