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About The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911 | View Entire Issue (April 23, 1902)
it at - wXM t a , JV, 4-Vg-. tfeyskS-- U. Vy - &.Wy-, - H ;V-.,0''---' -- '1 -A .. - "ia.. . . iV - - , Jr A. . -V -- - -V -grW tf('s.wtJ "" "" . '-.. H f V FARM AND GAfiDEN. gfeTTEg T MTEKST TO af the beat fan laad la tka mm beea restored of no varae y being allowed to set iato a cob litiaa la waick the raias can wask fee aaU away aad leave the subsoil on tka hillsides ridged aad geliled. At :ae Wiaeoasia roaad-p laatitate a P. Gaodrick related a little fare atotory Aat striklagly bean oat this assertloa. Ha said that when he was a boy he lived am his father's farai la new York state. The laad was worth at the time of his leaving it $125 per acre. That was about Ifty yean ago. Tbe bU was productive and tbe farm a areaey-nuker. The land was rolllag. Tka ridges were kept ia grass aad gave good pasturage, when they wen aot cat f or hay. Then was aaetker Carat aat far away oa wbick he aome UsMa worked. Bacaatly Mr. Goodrick visited tka old home farm of his boyhood. He f oaad it la a most dilapidated aad rua-dowa coadition. Tka aei tkat kad beea llv- ing on it had devoted it mainly to grain growing year after year. Tkey had kept tka ridges plowed ap. till they got aa had they coald aot ke plawed. Tka raias year after year kad waakad the soU from the ridges aad kad carved out deep gullies, often aot on than two rods apart, and so deep they coald be aelther plowed over nor tiled up. In time the men that owned the farm kad abandoned all the ridged part to Canada thistles and other weeds, aad evea these wen stunted ia grewth. The land Is now worth hard ly mon than $16 per acre. Mr. Goodrich visited the farm oa. which he ased to sometimes work. He faaad It in a high state of fertility and andacttveaeas. The owaer said that ke kad bean offered $15 per acre for it, bat kad nfased the offer. He kad farmed that laad successfully. He kad aot robbed the saU and then stripped It af its sod and left it to the mercy of the elements. He bad kept the ridges covered with a good mantle of verdure. This had held the soil from bang washed away when the nins came. Once in awhile the sod on the hlllsldea kad beea broken for a single year, whea it had been put into some crop that would rotate well with grass. Then it had beea seeded dowa to grass When it Is possible for ridges to be come gullied they should be kept cov ered. If tkey an not suitable for meadffr laad. they should be put and kept la pasture. If they an not even tt for that they should be allowed to grow up Into thickets or even have trees planted on them. The roots will thea act as sail binders. Batatiag A. C. True says: At the Indiana Station the conclusion has been reached that aot only can larger crops be secured, but that the fertility of the soil can be better improved by judi cious rotations. A comparison of coa-tiaaoan-graia growing with the rota tlea of grata with grass and clover shewed a gala by the latter method at C bash sis of cora, 7 bushels of oats, an C haahsls af wkeat per acre. Tke average percentages of gain wen for can 22 par ceat, oats 2S per ceat, aad wkeat 44 per cent In such systems of 'farming as sugar production in the South and wheat production In the Northwest, a coaditloa has been reached, even upon laad origiaally of great fertility, when a system of ro stattea must be employed. Ia Loulsl aaa the growing of a leguminous crop, like tke cowpea, has become a neces sity with the sugar planter. The North Dakota Station has taken up the study of a suitable rotation for the wheat farm. Experiments carried on for six years show that continuous .wheat culture Is unprofitable, while wheat la rotation increases in yield aad improves ia quality. These crops of wheat and one of clover gave In . four .yean almost as much wheat aad i awn prod table returns than four crops of wheat in succession. Little waa gained la rotating wheat with other cereals, as spriag rye, barley, aad oats, but wheat after a cultivated crop gave a larger percentage of in crease than wheat after summer fal lowiag, millet, timothy and clover. tax, tald peas, or peas and mUlet The lacnaaa la the wheat crop over wheat .after wkeat was as follows: After cul tivated crops, 75 per ceat; after fal low, SS per cent; after millet, 41 per ceat; aad after timothy and clover. 33 per ceat When a cultivated crop will only pay for the labor of its produc tion It to better thaa summer fallow lag, aa the succeeding wheat crop will ahaw. Smgmt Mm Dariag the past four years the Ver mont experiment station has conducted a aeries of experiments dealing with the tow and composition of sap in the sugar maple. In spite of the poor sea sons n large amount of data has beea secured beariag oa many points of .practical as well as acientitc interest Among the tadlags an some that throw light oa the question, which side of a tree gives the most sap? Ia the season of 1991 four trees wen selected for this work and tapped at tke usual keigkt on the north, south, aad west aides. The trees renre- tted aa aearly as possible all condi tion of exposure. The results ex- In pounds of sugar obtaiaed be aaea from the following table: North. South. East West Tree 1 Ji 9.75 1.95 1M Trae 2 944 1.49 ' 9.99 9.92 Tree 5 9.87 1.95 1.2S 9.87 Traa-4 2J9 34 37 2JK Average ....1.31 1.S5 1.59 LSI It Is thaa aeen that the difference ia. favarot the aouth aad east sides of n trea'JB quite pronounced, amounting to i of a pound. Similar trials aerth aad aoath tapping la 1899 aad 1990 awa give n- laleajthat favor tke soutk aide. OaTtypical sap days It seems uaqaes daanHy trae 'that a south exposure wfaV Jield the most sap. Oa a cloudy all aides of a tne warm ap fast It to mon aearly aa even A mnrfew of tka tgares alae calls at- iBJIaa'TT a romsrlrshlr difference be- Namaer , zrom wnicu yield of tke richest sap large vigorous tne senadaag ia the open. A la well give large amoaats rlea sap. This to ae to the ta ke! ana aad fell exposure w it -The green -l aves a - Materials gathered frees soH. Thls starck Am otwl -aaata af tfca 8a arf TM TtasMsf mMiwIIW VlUea HOT :waaa trees, the greatest and m tke I Intaesprfag. ftnllgV aa leaf ana an taerefon portent factors ta aple aagi Tka percentage ( aaajar- la tree to feared ta -a--y eat slightly. I John W. Lloyd. In a circular of the Illinois Agricultural College, says: The bash fruits regain careful atten tion to pruning, if the best results an to be secured. Proper pruning insures a stocky growth of the canes, so tkat they will hold ap their fruit, thins the f rait so that the Individual specimens will grow larger, and reduces the aise of the top ia proportion to the roots, thus insuring a vigorous growth of new wood. The best pruning for black berries, black raspberries, and the strong growing varieties of red rasp berries (such as the Cuthbert) con sists of four distinct operations: (1) Nipping on the tips of the growing shoots la summer when they have reached the height of one and a half or two feet, thus causing them to throw out strong laterals; (2) remov ing superfluous shoots, so that only three to Ave remain in each hill; (3) cutting back the laterals to from 12 to 20 inches the next spring; (4) removing the old canes after they have produced their crop. The annual pruning of currants and gooseberries may be all accomplished at one open- tion. which is usually performed early in the spring. It consists in removing such of the old canes as have -passed their most useful period, and all of the one-year-old canes except such as an needed to nnew the bush when older canes an removed; and of thinning out and shortening back the new wood on the old canes that remain. Cur rant worms, gooseberry mildew, straw berry leaf-roller, and strawberry blight an the enemies most likely to cause damage to the small fruit plantation. They can be controlled by the timely application of the proper spraying ma terials, and the practice of other sani tary precautions, such as the burning over of the strawberry bed after har vesting the crop. i4Uac- Bwm aad At Ocononowoc last week R. E. Rob erts talked on the raising of early lambs for market He said he was raising Iambs by the methods em ployed or that could be employed by every other farmer. He has no ex pensive methods no elegant barns and appliances. He advised any farmer in choosing a breed to remem ber that the preference must be given to the mutton type. A full-bred flock should not be thought of by the be ginner with a small amount of capital. The flock should be bred up by using a full-blooded ram. As to shelter, it had been his practice to give sixteen square feet of room to every ewe and lamb. The barn In which they an kept should be dry under foot as well as overhead. Sheep do not like wet quarters, nor are such quarters health ful for them. Good ventilation is nec essary, as the sheep suffer as much from bad ventilation as do other farm animals. In feeding the ewe in win ter, do not use timothy hay. The awns are likely to gather in the stom ach and make trouble. Clover bay is good for sheep up to lambing time. Then feed mon oats and bran. Feed regularly and what they will consume without waste. Take care that weeds do not get into the wool of the ewes, for that sometimes depreciates the wool as much as four cents per pound. No hags or other stock should bo al lowed to run witk the sheep. No stock respond better to kind treatment than sheep. At lambing time close atten tion is .necessary. See that the lambs get up and take food at once. The wool around the udder should be clip ped off to prevent the lamb from swal lowing tne wool. This sometimes causes death, the wool forming a ball in the .intestines of the lamb. Oar nteata in Genuay. It is reported that American meats will be excluded from Germany after October 1st next. Dispatches from Berlin say that the exclusion is to ap ply only to meats upon wnich preserv atives have been used. However this may be, it is a matter that the Agri cultural Department will find it ad visable to look after. It is a fact that American export meats are quite gen erally preserved with borax, and other chemicals. If the Germans refuse to permit these meats to go into their country, the only thing to do will be to send them meats not so preserved. With the cold storage facilities now in existence our meats can be sent to Germany without the use of borax. It will indeed cost some money to do this, as perhaps special arrangements would have to be made for keeping in cold storage the same meats after they reached Germany. Doubtless that will be the final outcome no matter how the present incident may be settled. The European governments show a de-, cided inclination to give their people pun foods. Up to the present time it has been found easier to send them meats preserved with borax than to send meats in refrigerator carriers. In this connection it -will be interesting to learn what action if any has been taken in reference to the frozen meats from South America. There is a strong indication that the action of Germany is due to pressure brought to bear on the government by the Ger man farmers. The farmers are a very important factor in German politics, and they have been for yean demand ing that American competition be les sened by the increase of tariffs er the exclusion altogether of American prod acts. Fiaif of CfcMM. A notable decline appears in the ex ports of cheese from the united States in the calendar year 1901, as compared with those of the preceding calendar year, the 1901 exports amounting to 31.396,115 pounds, valued at 13,00,344, while those, of 1900 were 54,059,049 pounds, valued at $5,549,254. Exports of butter, on the contrary, show an equally aotable increase, having amounted in 1901 to 24,249,595 pounds, with a value of $4,184,966, against 13. 283.537 pounds in 1900. valued at $2, 399.962. Ob. Ten-year-old was playing with his lead soldiers. He had built a tiny house and grouped his men about it ia various martial attitudes. "What is it all about?" his father in quired. "They're policemen nr the Thirty fourth street pier, waiting for Prince Henry." "Why have yon placed that one (pointing to a badly battered soldier) in each a prominent position?" "Can't you see? He hasnt any head. He's a detective." New York Evening Post "What makes life dreary is the want at motive." George. Eliot DAIRY AND POULTRY. IXTEKSTItM CHAPTER FOR OIM C Ubs SOME hi The bottles known aa "sterilising" Dottles an tall, narrow ones, with a rapacity of eight ounces, or half aUL After being tiled witk milk tka bot tles an corked most conveniently by means of a wad or plug of cotton bat ting. But of course can must be ased that this does not become wet, and the bottles must be kept upright Tkey may also be stoppered witk ordinary corks which have recently been boiled each rime before using, and then leas can to keep the bottles upright will be needed. But corks must be trmly tied down, wken sterilixing Is done, to pre vent their being forced out To keat the milk In these bottles It Is accessary to put them Into a boiler upon a per forated false bottom or platform to keep them from direct contact with the bottom of the boiler. Water la poured In around the bottles to the same level as the milk. This water Is neatedf ja M t tempentun of the .llr , . . or more degrees behind that of the water, the latter must be raised to the boiling point when the bottles can be removed aad cooled gradually, to prevent their cracking. As it is advantageous to cool the milk rapidly, the use of tin cans of similar shape as the bottles has beea recommended in bulletin 134 of the Michigan Experiment Station. Such cans may be put at once in iced water. The part of the bottles above the milk is not pasteurized, aad hence the bottles should be kept upright to pnvent contamination. At 170 degrees water begins to steam and 'simmer, while boiling begins at 190 to 195 de grees, at which time the milk In the bottles has reached 185 degrees. If It is desired to pasteurize at a lower tem perature, say, at 155 degrees, the water must be held at this point for half an hour, and at 140 degrees for about an hour. This will take mon can and time thaa the method described. Ju lius Nelson. Hw Owm Gat lata Milk. Bulletin 152, New Jersey Station: In the tint place, a good many germs are living In the milk while it is yet in the udder of the cow, and in the next place, a good many more fall Into the 'milk pall from those floating in the air, being caught in the streams of .descending milk. Still others are in troduced clinging to the particles of .dust, dirt, hair, chaff, etc, that become 'loosened from the udder and adjacent .surface of the cow, and from the hands, arms, etc., of the milker, and in -fly time from the whisking tail of the pestered animal. It is the presence of numerous particles of this sort which is responsible for the general practice of straining milk. But no strainer is fine enough to retain the smallest par ticles, and least of all, the germs that .have been washed out of the particles. In those dairies where the practice of keeping cows and stalls thoroughly clean has not been adopted, the dirt that most frequently gets Into milk consists of particles of manure. The presence of even a little manure im parts to the milk the peculiar flavor called "cowey," as though It were the distinctive odor of this domestic spe 'cies. But this flavor is quite distinct 'from the odor of new, pun milk (also found in the cow's breath, over which poets have raved in ecstasy). In these days of "modern dairy progress" the production of "cowey" milk is both in excusable and reprehensible. Milk has a strong attraction for odors and read ily absorbs any predominant odor of the air, etc, it is in contact with, hence it is not strange that it extracts the odor of the dirt that falls into it In fact, if the milch cow's food has any peculiar flavor it affects the milk. These various disagreeable flavors in milk are of less consequence than the fact that milk receives the germs that inhabit the dirt which gets into it Of all dirt, manure is the richest in germ content, and what is even more im portant it contains germs that are parasitic in the intestines and hence are liable to produce disease. Saata Hlata aa Torfcejs. From Farmers' Review: When the poults have a part or all of their bodies out from under the hen remove them from the nest Give two hatches to one hen after dusting the hen with fresh lice powder and greasing her legs with lard, remove to a clean, warm, rain-proof coop that is placed in small pen, say 15x18 feet, the pen fenced In with foot wide poultry netting prefer ably, but boards are about as 'good' though not as handy. The advantage of the netting is that the poults cannot see to get over it as well as they can the planks. It is necessary to nave the coop in some pen or else have some one on the watch constantly, for the poults will wander away from the others if they have any chance at all; they are so very silly. Have the pen on a grassy plat, if possible, but have the grass very short else the dew on it will damp the poults enough to cause their becoming chilled, and if this does not result in death it surely will in bowel trouble. For the first 'few weeks.it is best to feed nothing but wheat bread soaked in sweet milk or water, and milk curds. Pepper this thickly, with black pepper once per day and mix it thickly with sharp sand twice per week for their breakfast Feed rather often, but never feed quite as much as they would eat except of a night The idea is to keep them in good appetite by always hav ing' them a little hungry. Mix pow dered charcoal with their feed once per week and save all the green onion tons for them. Cut these into small pieces with an old pair of scissors or knife. Give them all they will eat of these: they relish them and they an good as a sort of appetizer aad corrective. We aever had enough curd for them. If ever they seem off their feed, miss one meal and let the next feed be curds and onion, tops. If they do not eat this, they have either found a good meal or else they are sick. Keep cool water handy and keep it in a clean vessel, this to one necessary. Another to to keep their coops clean. The best way to do this, perhaps I should say, aa extra good way to to move the- coop to new ground every day. We do this every few days with chicks, but it to needed if yon would keep the poults in health. The great thing is to keep the poults free of lice. Yes, they an aan to have them it then are many of the poults, and then is any other poultry around. Look citea for them; look under tke top leather ea the little.wlags, betweeatne aflH of tka wiag tad them, enough ta sap tha Mis aat of a tea-vear-old nobbier If to remain. Push the top feathan aad dust between tka aalOa witk trash lice powder, than rub gaatly aa" be aan tka work to wall aoM wiag mast be so treated; it la but there la no other way tkat win do the work and yet net injure the poults; they an ao tender. Every taw days you mast look at tke wings aad apaa the trat'slga of lice dast again. It Is impossible to grow turkeys aat Ilea together, aad If you do aot destroy tka lice 'tkey will destroy your aoaKar Emma Clearwaters. Faaltrjr At the Wisconsin Round-up resti tute last week, Mrs. Ida Tillsoa spoke of her experiences in poultry- raising. She 'said she had tried twenty-three different breeds. Of these the White Wyaadottes seem to be gaining meat public recognition at this time. They have largely takea the lead la the shows and were surprislagly strong at the Chicago show in January, a a It costs about 25 cents to bring a chick to the fullest stage. That to In clusive of the original cost of the egg and of care, and- housing it to the period mentioned. If a pullet does not lay before she is six months old there has been some trouble with the system of feeding. According to the i experience of Mrs. Tillson, itHr$abf aDOUt u cents to uoara a uen lor a year. Most people that raise heas have ao idea of what the food costs they give their fowls. If they try to keep ac count of their expenses in that regard very likely the grain feed will not be separated from that destined for other farm animals, and' under such condi tions accuracy is impossible. The grain destined for the fowls should be weighed and placed by itself ao that it will be possible to determine from time to time the exact amount used. One woman complains that evea this method is not effective in her case, as her husband invariably 'feeds bis vis itor's hones out of her grain. m m A bone grinder to of prime Import ance, this tody asserts, and every per son that keeps as many of 50 fowls should have one. In her case a $7 mill was purchased, as she desired to be sun of its value before investing any larger sum In it The smaller mill does very well indeed, but will not take in the shin bones and Joints. A $15 machine is preferable. By the aid of this machine an average of 145 eggs per hen has been obtained from the flock. People tell about flocks that average 200 eggs per fowl, but It is very doubtful if there are aay large flocks doing that well. Here and then are fowls that lay 200 or more eggs per year, but they do better than the aver age. ' Cair Ties. An official publication of the Kansas station says: The Kansas Experiment Station has tried both ropes and stanchions, and finds that using the latter is the simplest and best means of holding calves while they are being fed. Calves will also learn to eat grain much quicker than when fed in an open pen. With stanchions, each calf finds its place and the feeder can set the milk pail in the feed trough, which prevents it being tipped over, and while the calf is drinking can measure out the milk for the next calf, in this way it is possible for a man to keep three or four pails going, until air the calves are fed. If grain is put into the feed trough at once the calf will go to eating, and forget about Its friendly but' impolite and 'unsanitary affection for bis nelghbon' ears or mouth. Calves fed in this way can be let loose again fifteen minutes after entering the stanchions. The agricul tural college has found that excellent stanchions for calves can be made out of plain fencing for the upright pieces, with two-by-fours for the horizontal pieces at the top, with fencing boards at the bottom. The stanchions an forty-two inches high, twenty-eight inches apart from center to center, and allow for four and one-half inches' space for the neck. The feed trough is twelve inches wide, four inches deep, and runs the full length of the stanch ion. If calves are fastened by rope ties, they should be far enough apart to prevent them from sucking each other. CaMfarala aad Ksasss Batten. E. C. Lewellen, speaking to dairymen, said tkat the drouth this year had taught dairymea to make more extensive preparations for win ter feeding. Those that are short of feed this winter have resolved that It shall not occur again.' Had then not been a bare winter, with little snow, it would have gone hard with the farmers with much stock. The coming year more of the farmers in Kansas will plant alfalfa. But no one should expect to find only roses along his pathway. Kansas dairymen have in the past shipped a great deal of but ter to California, but now the Callfor nlans are not only making all of their own butter but are contesting the ground with Kansas butter shippen in the New Mexico market Mon thaa that, the Callfornlans an actually shipping butter to Kansas and compet ing with the Kansas-made product It has been claimed that Kansas can pro duce milk more cheaply than can any other state. Perhaps she can, bat will she do it? One man asserts that the Callfornlans with their fields of alfalfa will be able to drive us from the market unless we find some cheaper feed thaa that we now have. Eatn of Kaw Park. Fred H. Rankin: If it had not been for the cannibalism of some of tho people of this and some European countries, who persist in eating nw pork, we probably would never have heard of trichinae outside of the lab-' oratory of the chemist or the lecture room of the scientist How can you protect a man even with microscopic inspection who will go and deliber ately eat nw pork, heedless of its con dition and in direct opposition to every dictate of reason and every decree of c'.tM'ration? We claim a superiority over the FIJI Islanders, forgetful that we have cannibals ia oar own midst who eat raw pork of every conceiv able age and quality and thea express holy horror at the FIJI man eating "raw missionaries." A mere observ ance of the most primitive laws of civ ilized life which' demand that we make a distinction between the alhal and civilized man and cook oar meat food, would be the surest safeguards far the future of oar American pork la the provision markets of tke world. The Illinois commiasion to the Buf falo Exposition will return $19,399 of the $75,009 appropriated by the gen- ' era! assembly. : i2sr 'aSSgSjl FOR VETERANS: -, Attic of Interest to OM Wafers -Wko Wore the Mm in tlie Days of '61. ta the hellewed hills which chlW- need knew. Hade sacred gmund by memories sweet and true, X wandered Itotleealy one summer day. I Matted out the waste of weaiy years. FaMed the pages that were stained with tears. x And fancied I was bat a child at pinjr. But when the' evening came and twulgnt fell Above tne .sray-roofed home 1 loved so well. , 'And still no voice called from the vine clad door, t wept as only they can weep who know The lovmg voices of long ago Will call them from their childish sports no more. eimaa Amy Tw Nashua, N. H., has oae of another pair of living Grand. Army twins In the persoa of Wama A. Peabody. The other, Edward A. Peabody. is a resident of Danvenport, Mass. They wen children of Warren and Lydia Dale Peabody, and were born Is Wenham. Mass.. In 1823. Both are in good health except for rheumatism, which was contracted duriag the war. Warren, who Is standing in the picture, was in the Nlath New Hampshire regiment, which left Nashua, N. H., in August. '92, being in the battles of South Mountain, Anteitam. Fredericksburg and at the seige of Vicksburg. He waa Injured at South Mountain and later discharged near Neely, Miss. He came direct to Nashua, where he was la the boot and shoe business for many yean. Edward went with a Massachusetts regiment which was stationed for some time at a fort in Gloucester har bor. Both an married, Edward having several children. The photograph was Edward W. aad Warrea A. Feaaady. taken some eighteen yean ago. Both an members of the G. A. R. and I. O. O. F. Gaa. Graars OaaartaaUy. "How old do you think. I am?" asked J..H. Evans of PlattsvlHe, Wis, in the course of a conversation remi niscent in character. "Sixty-five." "Seventy-one!" "I knew Gen. Grant before, during and after the war," continued Mr. Evans. He used to drive from Galena to Plattevllle as a salesman for Grant ft Perkins, trying to sell leather. He was not a successful business man. Jesse Grant, the father, who resided In St Louis and was the senior mem ber of the firm of Grant ft Perkins, wrote his partner telling him they would have to give Ulysses Grant a chance. 'I know he isn't worth much,' wrote tne general's parent, 'he has proved a failure in everything he has undertaken. However, put him on, pay him what you find he is worth, and if it is not enough to support him and his family I will pay the differ ence.' "Mr. Perkins put the future com mander of the largest army in the world at work traveling about the neighborhood selling leather, and nfter a time concluded that he was worth $45 a month, paid him $90, and charged Jesse Grant with half the amount This was told me by Mr. Perkins him self. "Gen. Grant was In Galena only a short time when the war broke out A mass meeting was held, at whlch John A. Rawlins, an eloquent young lawyer and a companion of the leather salesman, presided. At the conclusion of the speaking Grant declared that, having been educated by the govern ment at West Point, he should fight for the government He and Rawlins started in to raise a company. "Before the ranks were filled, how ever, Gov. Yates ziet E. B. Washburne in Chicago and said: "Senator, we are in a tangle out in Springfield over the mustering in of our soldiers. Can you tell me when I can get a good man to attend to tbe business?' "Senator Washburne was silent for n moment and then exclaimed: The very man for the place! I have him! Capt. Grant of Galena!' "For heaven's sake, send him aa quickly as you can.' "Capt Grant reported for duty at Springfield, was placed in the adjutant general's office, and began bringing or der out of chaos. "A regiment the Twenty-third was raised in Chicago and Quincy. Some trouble broke out in Hannibal, Mo., and the Twenty-third was or dered there to quell the disturbance. The wnincy men refused to go. claim ing that they did not enlist to fight their neighbors (Quincy is just across the river from Hannibal). The Col onel of the regiment was a weakling, thoroughly incompetent Gov. Yates sent for Capt Grant "Can you take tbe Twenty-third regiment to Hannibal?' inquired the governor. "1 can, replied the captain. '' 'You are in command, sir. Do it "Capt, now Col. Grant, bad neither horse to ride nor uniform or'accrou trements to wear. He finally obtained aa ordinary animal off William Cul derwood, a liveryman, on credit, for $159. and his father's partner, Mr. Perkins, loaned him the money to buy his uniform and sword. "Then CoL Grant in the gathering shade of night, issued his trst order in the War of the Rebellion. It waa for the Twenty-third Illinois Infant ry to appear the following day for In spection parade. This made it neces sary for the men to have their knap sacks packed ready for the march. Ordinarily each aa- order would little, batjrrhen tka Inspection parade i U V 4 termlaated the Twenty-third regimeat waa twelve miles from Spriagfleld oa the road to Hannibal witk wagoae aad camp impedlmeata following la their wake. ' "Tke mea did aot realise what was up aat went. iato -camp without a murmur. The march was coatlaaed until Quiacy was reached. Hannibal waa lavaded and the disturbance end ed: Down the river the regiment Jour neyed, and participated in the battle of Belmont, opposite Columbus. Ky., and Gnat's career as a soldier started, ea route for Appomattox." Milwau kee Sentinel. That "asma witk "I was in that cabbage patch dowa at Edgefield." said F. I Saxton of Dana, I1L, "but my venion of what happened to Phil Sheridan Is very different from the story of the comrade who described how Sheridan was knocked down by Jack Jeffers of the Fifty-second Ohio. I was a member of Company C, Eighty Sixth Illinois, and was one of the first men in the cabbage patch. I was la the part of the field nearest Sheridan's headquarten, and I know that for a time no effort was made to drive us out. My impression is that the first trouble was not about the cabbage, but about the remains of the fence near the house. "The fence was all gone except a few posts, and some of the -boys, aa fuel was scarce, were pulling at them. I heard some one say. 'Stop that,' or 'Get out of that' and looking up the hill, saw as I supposed two citizens coming down from the house toward a man who was trying to pull up a fence post I noticed that one of the supposed citi zens was Sheridan, but he was with out shoulder straps. The other I took to be the owner of the place. When Sheridan told the man pulling at the poet to let it alone, the fellow, think ing the General was a citizen, ignored the order, aad kept tugging away. "Wkereupon Sheridan rushed for ward, with a club drawn, ready to strike, and said: 'Aren't you going to quit?' The fellow let go of the post and threw himself in position to strike back. Sheridan did not strike, but said in surprise, 'Do you know who I am?' and when tbe soldier answered No,' said. 'I am General Sheridan.' The soldier then said impudently, 'As you are my superior, I will have to sub mit,' turned quickly and ran down the hill, taking a zigzag course among the other man. apparently with the thought that the enraged General would shoot at him. I watched him until he dodged behind the tents in camp. "When the pugilistic soldier started to run Sheridan called, 'Catch him,' and a young officer a staff officer, I suppose followed him two or three rods, and came back, saying he could not follow so able a dodger. Sheridan was angry enough, I always thought, to strike the man. and if he had struck bim he would have been knocked down. But all the men in the Cum berland army can't make me believe that Sheridan struck that man or was struck by him. This Is my venion of Sheridan in a scrap. I have never seen any one that saw the incident, and I never heard any reference to it until I saw the story. If Jeffers was the man who had the controversy with Sheri dan, I am sure he will confirm my statement" right Bafara Patanbarg. At a reunion of the Fifty-eighth Massachusetts regiment, the attack on Petersburg was told with thrilling ef fect, in which tbe regiment faced the enemy in front of that city, capturing 190 Drisoners. several cannon, one stand of cc'ors, etc, for which achieve ment it was highly complimented by Gen. Burnside. During the seige of Petersburg, which continued for nine and a half months, the Fifty-eighth for two months was at the extreme right of the line, and was exposed to the ene my's fire every day. The Union lines ran up three sides of the hill, within which was the mouth of the tunnel that led to the foot of the rebels fort When tbe explosion occurred a mass of earth, mingled with over 200 human bodies and many cannon, rose high in the air. spread out like a fan and then fell to the ground. Two hundred Union cannon belched forth and the Fifty-eighth was or dered forward. It found great diffi culty in getting to the front. When it got there it rescued several rebels who were burled in the debris. The Fifty eighth in getting to the crater charged over the breastworks, through an open field and then charged a battery. The 'enemy recovered from its panic and opened several batteries upon the Fifty-eighth, right and left. The firing was too hot for the bravest, and the line broke and fell back. Orders came to charge again. The men hesitated for a moment, then obeyed, but only to fall back. A third order to charge was given." and again we were obliged to fall back. In the last rout the regi ment got scattered and most of it was taken by the rebels. Tbe colored troops in the rear were commanded to charge, and they fixed bayonets and rushed the enemy. When all was over there were layers of white and black men lying dead together. Our men "were bayoneted and were ut terly helpless, so dense was the mass of human beings in the trenches. Only 20 men came out.of that .battle alto gether. Our , regimental colors - were captured, but Gen. Meade decided that it was no fault of the regiment Kaw Navy Daaartaaaat Plaa. The navy department has approved a general rearrangement plan for the battleships of the Virginia class, which has been prepared aad submitted by the bureau of construction and re pair. These. modifications have in view improved and more commodious ac commodations for officers and men. improved -ventilation, and better ac commodations for the sick bay. In this direction- the most modern prac tice, has been followed and the results are looked forward to with much in terest by the medical, department of the navy. Additional protection for the gun-deck guns will be provided, aad several important modifications of existing plans are contemplated. Yaaaa- Baralattaaaiy SaJrftar. The fact is revived that one of the youngest soldiers In the war of the reveolntion lies buried at Greensburg, Ind. Jeremiah J. Dogan, who fought with the Virginia Rifemen when but eleven yean old, and took part la the battle of Cowpens and Yorktown, re mataing until the "close of tbe war. No stone marks hto tost resting pbr-- v-U .u Cut Out VUddlemen A f eaten of tke alaa pursued by the Solomon (Kas.) Farmers association tad oae which If it shoakl become gea aral would revolutionise tke grata 9aslaeas of the United States aad diadaate the graia-exchaage features wd gambling ia futures oa the boards 3f "trade is the policy of selling direct to mills instead of shipping to the great grata centers. In addlttoa to saviag the commission which must be paid for selling wheat in 'the grain pits on the boards of trade, a premium is obtaiaed from the mills for high-grade wheat. The ma jority of elevator owaera mix their good wheat with a poorer quality un til it is nil of a certain grade. By skill ful mixing the elevator man can real ize a large profit from this scource alone, but the wheat is Injured for milling purposes. In the big storage elevators at ter minal points the grain is still further mixed with rye or inferior wheat for export purposes. This mixing process ha3 detracted from the reputation of high-grade Kansas wheat. In fact, by the time it reaches the mills in the east or the exporters it is no longer high grade. Eastern millers complain that they have not been able to produce as good flour from Kansas wheat as that pro duced by smaller mills in the wheat region that are able to purchase their wheat direct from the farmers. This fact is attributed to the mixing of the grain by the elevators, and the millers ljxjxj'irxnjjTJnjvrrrtofv--i- --- - - - - aiyyyyyyyyyyyyyj lyyyyyyyj HOW an Indiana I Town Was Named WITT?T?T fWlfflvrrlfl Indiana is full of towns with queer names. But the queerest of them all has so far been left to languish in un deserved obscurity. People who are acquainted with that portion of Indi ana, which lies in the immediate vicin ity of Crawfordsville, must have seen on the signboard of a little railroad station, as they rushed by on a lim ited train, this astonishing name: HTOWN. Behind that apostrophe lies the story of the Joke which a rich old In diana farmer played on the directors of a great railroad company. The farmer in question owned several thousand acres of land in one body. When the railroad was built it was found necessary to cut through his land. The right of way agents went to the old farmer and asked him to set a price on a strip running through his farm a few hundred feet wide. He laughed at them and said his land was not for sale at any price. He didn't believe in railroads anyhow, and didn't want one running through his property. They offered him a huge price for the land, for they had found other property owners in the vicinity reasonable and did not care to start any condemnation suits unless It was absolutely necessary. But the old farmer would not listen to them. Hfe income was twice as large as he cared !! I : An Interesting Relic Document owned in. Wisconsin which dates beck to 1553. Alexander T. Llndholm. of Still water, Wis., is the owner of an inter esting old relic, dating back to 1553, which he has-mounted on a piece of oak and framed, and has hung it in a bank building in St. Paul, says the St. Paul Pioneer Press. It is a verdict rendered by a jury of twelve high of ficials in Norway, at Oslo courthouse, where Christiana now stands, in June. 1533, and decided the legal ownership of a large estate. At the bottom of this novel verdict hang twelve strips of sheepskin, to which are attached twelve pieces of beeswax, about the shape and size of a small gold watch. These were called seals In the olden days when this verdict was rendered, and each one contains the seal of one of the jurors who decided the matter. When this verdict was rendered there was no such thing as paper known to the civilized world, and all official documents were written on sheepskin parchment. It may also be stated that the present jury system, which Is In vogue In the courts of the United States and also in Europe, originated in Scandinavia in the c!ev- entn century. n iwr"aPBIhw,'M GRANTS WELCOME TO GEN. TOOMBS Oaa or tke raw Witty Raarka Crtlta to Him. Gen. Robert Toombs was one of the few Confederate generals who refused to have his political disabilities re moved, and he died an unreconstructed rebel. It was a source of much regret to the people of his state that he re fused to place himself, when they could again send him to Washington as a senator. As he grew older he would In conversation frequently refer to the fact that he was not a citizen or the United States. During Gen. Grant's term of office a3 President, Gen. Toombs had been to New York and stopped off at Washing ton. The Georgia delegation insisted in his calling at the White House, and after much urging they got his consent and he went up. Gen. Grant had never seen Gen. Toombs, so when Gen. Toombs reached the White House and bis card was sent in. Gen. Grant came forward to greet him. Gen. Toombs took the President's hand and said: y Although not a citizen of this coun try while in the capital I have called to pay its Chief Executive my re spects.",. "Don't mention it. Gen. Toombs, said Gen. Grant: "I heard myself you were a citizen and at one time I thought you were, but now I know you are not, because I hunted for you down there for nearly two years, but never ccmid find you. Come right in and sit down." TWALS OF CHINESE TYPESETTING. raat ef Tyaa i-aa kad iaas a Kara ".- - -. ', Typesetting for a Chinese paper Is a vastly different matter from typeset ting for a journal in another language, for there are 11,0ft characters in use. The Chinese language Is derived from 214 rooTwefds. whleh'expaad ia- an willlag to pay a premiam far high grade wheat that ta eatirely free from rye aad poor grata. By takiag advaatage of these coadi tteaa tke auaager et the f aimers ele vator at Sokaaoa has beea 'enabled to sell the greater part of his wheat at a premiam aad payra ' correspoadlagly high price to the farmers. The membera of the Farmere Ele vator association at Soloaaaa have re ceatly completed arrangements where by they will export mack of their wheat direct to co-operative societies ia Germany. A number ofcarlbade have already beea sold ia this manner. The wheat is billed direct from Solo mon to Berlin. The local freight rate of 14 cents per 199 pounds is paid ta the Missouri river, but from Missouri river points a through rate to Berlla of 21 cents per 100 pounds fat secured. This saves to the farmere not only the profits of the local grain dealers, but also the profits of several commission men and the exporter. The German co-operative societies"' owa their own mills in Germany aad control a skipping elevntor in New York, says C. H. Matson in the Review of Reviews, through which all wheat consigned to them, goes. This virtual ly brings the producer aad the con sumer together aad eliminates all board of trade speculation aad maalp ulation from the market "Better be first in n village.thaa. see oad in Rome." Caesar: ' ' ' " - - - ' lyyyi yyyyyyyyyyj. Railroad Company I Had to Submit IWWwWwWnwnl rwirmfwwiririfwiri to spend, and he rather enjoyed the position of- blocking all tke efforts of a great corporation. The claim agents made up their minds that they would have tb start a suit, and were about ready to' bring It when they were surprised to get a letter from the old farmer. ."If you will let me name the town you are going to build on my land.' he said. "I'll give you all the land you need." They accepted his terras with glee. Of course they expected that his. van ity would lead him to name the town after himself, and they were quite pre pared for that emergency. But he fooled them. A written agreement was drawn up and signed and the deeds passed. Then they asked him for his name. The old man grinned broadly. "We'll call it Helltown " he. said. They argued with him until they saw it was useless. They could not back out, for the. papers had already been signed. Then they decided they would get even In another:way. They elided the second, third, and fourth letters of the name and put in their place an Innocent apostrophe. And so the name of the village is "H'town" "Children have more need of models than of critics." Joubcrt. u The verdict was rendered during the reign of Christian III. of Denmark. The contesting parties were Erik Boll- -sea. whose descendants had it in their possession until about fifteen years ago. when Mr. Undholm se- cured it from one of. Mr,. Bollsea's de scendants, and a Mrs. Margaret Nils- datter. an heiress. In those days- all cases of this kind were tried before a jury consisting of four governors, four attorneys and four counselors. Out of these twelve men. one was selected to act as judge, and the evidence was taken. After a verdict had been de cided upon, it was written on a piece of sheepskin parchment and the seals of the 'twelve men who tried the-case were affixed. These seals ,werc car ried in the 4ame manner as the people-" of to-day carry their wa'teh-charms. and all men in official positions hail their -seals attached to their watch charms, that they would be conveni ent when needed. Mrs. Bettie Danbridge. a daughter of .'Jen. Zachary Taylor. 77 years, old, lives in Winchester. Va. She was ed ucated in Philadelphia. to the four or five thousand words of. daily use. and the thirty-odd thousanu of the dictionary. It requires 11.000 spaces to hold a font of Chinese type. The large cases, or false partitions, are ranged about the room, and divided Into spaces fot each individual type, each a word com plete in itself. A Chinese printer, it Is estimated, can arrange 4,000 characters in a day " The work has been carefully systema tized and the characters have been arranged according to their forma tion. A simple character designate: its group, and the elaboration of form is the elaboration of its meaning: ai our terminatives and prefixes elabor ate the root. Should an unusual word be needed, type is cut and dellcatel patched to make the required charac ter. Comparing our combinations of 26 letters and 10 figures beside common symbols, an idea of the labor of a Chinese compositor can be .formed Systematized as it is, it takes eight men through a 12-hour day to set tiu type for a modest four-page daily. - Jtforley' nr. . ilfalbiM. John Morley, who is putting the las h. touches to'his "Life of Mr. Gladstone." fi has made an interesting discovery. Go- ?T Ing through Mr. Gladstone's volumin- j ous but marvelously well-ordered pa- pers, his biographer, it is said, cam -upon the unexpected treasure of z ' diary written up from an early "perioc j? o lnnv -inrt Ttnev lifo Prohablv. Hi ? . contents '.may be regarded as of tot fK( private a character for unreserved pub lication. In such case It may havi been resolved to leave the manuscript r - volumes -in, ? ine ohmw-Miacc !. w .view to publication in their .entirety for the benefit, of a later generation. "Fortune does not change men: It Mil. nnraaskK thPTtl." Mne. RlCCO-j boni. Z' :. f V v v . V . .- t - . . i II -1 7 t : vv..3 xf ? . - t &3J-WS -a; 5. tmWM$z&&?& BtJ:?'' &Jkg$M3&afe - j- &i&gxJ&M& LV-, &W "?i-. - K'$FS&&?stesr:
