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About The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911 | View Entire Issue (April 16, 1902)
v assess ; -v ' ' v- ? -.'v , "7 j mW -,V--? v '-, ;vp'--T jSf;s - -& ,, v'-' x " V" f'-r- -r -. -v"- ',v-03SS?;i; K V . I - V:-. FARM AND GARDEN. F MTEREST TO AGrH CULTURISTS. to Hew EagteaS. Interesting statistics regarding theuppto businesB in New Englani arc supplied by Prof. F. A. Wauga, horticulturist of the Vermont Expen sseut station, showing in a remarkable war the popularity of certain varie ties. The Baldwin apple, for example, has fees n prime favorite in the New Eng land states, and especially in Massa chusetts, bat its vogue seems to be giving way somewhat before the mer Im sf other varieties. The following figures show the percentage of Bald win trees in the orchards reported. The first colama gives the percentage of bearing trees which are Baldwins, and the confl colamn shows in percent ages the proportion of Baldwins among trees too young to bear. Bearing. Vermont 6 New Hampshire 63 Young. 10 C8 34 Maine " Massachusetts 65 Connecticut 61 Band Island .'.....47 48 79 4 The percentage of Baldwins is not ably reduced in Massachusetts which has been the principal New England producer of this variety. In Vermont the proportion of Baldwins is greater among newly planted trees than in old orchards; but this has little signifi eaace. since Baldwin has never been a leading variety in Vermont. Rhode bland Greening, another New England favorite, does not make the showing that might be expected. The figures are as follows: Bearing. Young. Vermont M New Hampshire 2 Maine 5 Massachusetts 4 tlnnmftlcnt .. ....... 4 4 3 1 1 1 0 Island Rhode bland 13 it will be seen that Rhode Greening has been practically ignored In the planting of young orchards. even In Rhode Island. The figures for Northern Spy are as follows: Bearing. Young. Vermont.. New Hamphire Maine Massachusetts .. Connecticut .. . Rhode bland .. 7 9 1 Jjlo- 1 . " 7 i ri. 3 . 0 2 0 show that Northern figures Spy is holding its own, or perhaps awjiiag n little, in Northern New Eng land; bat that it has been aiscarueu In Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rhode bland. When compared with these three New England varieties, the for Ben Davis are particularly instructive. They follow: Bearing. Young. Vermont 10 48 New Hampshire 1 1 Maine 6 23 Massachusetts 0 13 Connecticut 5 3 Rhode bland 6 15 In other words, Ben Davis outnum bers all the varieties previously named in the iwcaatt orchard plantings of nearly ovary state. In Maine and Ver mont the drift toward Ben Davis b es pecially pronounced; while even in it is rapidly gaining on These figures are made up from re ports secured from several hundred of the leading apple growers in the states named. While it would be too much to olaim that they prove any particular proposition, they certainly indicate aome important changes in the apple growing business of New England. Uattac Cera. .Listing corn is a practice that has grown up mainly in the last ten years. It b of little value in the humid states, but has proved serviceable in the semi arid regions, especially where tha bads are light In Kansas and Ne braska are sections where the soil dries out very quickly after plowing. The heavy and continuous winds blow the nail after it is dry. and .when rain not come immediately after the b sown, the seed is not Infre quently blown away with the topmost layers of dirt. This led to the evolu tion of the practice of listing. Listing b to place the seed in the soil without a general plowing. The top soil is left undisturbed for the most part, and the high winds are unable to blow the nail away, as it b packed solid from the rains of the previous season. A lister b a plow that turns the soil both ways and deposits the seed corn in the farrow behind it, allowing the dirt to fall at the same time over the dropped need, Its nee must depend on the con ditions under which the farmer exists. With a farm on heavy clay soil the lister will be found of no value. List ing b practiced very little in the states not subject to high hot winds and to the drying out of the soil after plow ing. . Plaai Orchard. Prof. F. A. Waugh says: When Henry Ward Beecher was editor of a column oT .horticultural notes In the Western Fanner and Gardener of In dianapolis. Indiana. that is to say. about the year 1850, he wrote these -words: A few plum trees will suf fics far n private family, and the fruit by careful watchful- plum orchards are not to It of." Nevertheless, exten- sivo plum orchards are now fruiting in parte of North America, on the In Texas, Iowa, New York.' Ontario. Many more are being Bwmssfi. The plum 'is also a garden treeand peculiarly suited to the small 'trait garden, either on the city bt or In the farmyard. Plum trees in .fhs snrdon. however, demand precise ly tnrname treatment that they do in will not grow on solid rock, will, succeed on any kind of swIL Bailey has remarked tf to the -apple, the European PrunuSfdomestica, has probably the geaeraiizea aaaptanuicy io ait .of soHs of any known tree.' Then , -wo take into account the Jap- slnsss and all the various Amer- with their wide J diversi ties sf adaptation, we have n selection sf plants to cover the whole range cf ThSjDomestica and Damson plums are jpnsiall said "to grow best oa mavy day loam; at least they t do their best on light, sandy z&mi IIM gjp-ee-lae Hlata Afcoet CaraV , ! a ik: Sell aa TteMs nMWf nTerHralti ViUealtae aa i -. -. I be wet and cold; and if it b well drained and comparatively warm, it forms an ideal soil for the European races of plums. The Japan prefer rather lighter soils. Maw Wat Kaeagfc Oca SalaaiW A. W. Cheever, in an eastern paper, says: What the business farmer wants is- well-bred stock, and this Is more likely to be found Jn.,the yards of men' who keep a record of their ani mals. The first herd" books marked a step in the right direction, but It was a greater one that introduced the ele- ' ment of performance. The American cares a good deal more about knowing what a person can do now than about who his ancestors were. Good ani mals are .much more plenty than, for merly on pur American farms, but' there has never yet been a time when the farmers could all fill their stables with the best animals. There have never been enough to go around. To improve the stock of the country it has been necessary to keep a good many grades. li aavising a young man now as to what kind of stock to keep 1 should say get the best possible within your means. But buying good stock will not alQne insure success. There are fanners' whose ideas of the care of aniis are so crude that (he best would fail in their hands. There are farmers who have not the elements for success in their make-up. The oest-bred stock in their hands would be sure to deteriorate. There are a great many good, profitable cows in farmers' yards whose pedigrees cannot be traced. Such cows bred to bulb of known worth should produce calves that would be well worth raising. It is not possible for us nil to have at once cows that will produce, milk enough to make four hundred or three hundred pounds of butter Inn year, but by careful selection of the best cows in our herds and breeding to superior bulls it would be possible to raise the average annual yield very materially. No lover of good stock should be dis heartened because he cannot fill his yards at once with the best pure-bred animals. CereaU la Keataeky. Andrew A. Soule, of Kentucky, says: There b a degree of difference in the hardihood of the various winter cere als which b not generally recognized. Rye and wheat are more generally and successfully cultivated than any of the other cereals because of this fact. Winter oats and barley are more deli cate in nature and that probably ac counts for the indifferent success met .with in their culture on the farm. While these crops may succeed when sown quite late in the season, it b very important that they be seeded early from the first to the middle of September. It b true that they often succeed sown as bte as the middle of October, but the chances of failure are greatly enhanced by late seeding, and the loss of the seed and the crop to gether b too great a risk to incur. If winter rye b desired for n fall and winter pasture, it b necessary that it be sown from the middle of August to the middle of September. It can often be sown in the corn field after the last cultivation and as It makes a quick and vigorous growth, fnrnbhes an excellent pasture from October un til Christmas, or through' the entire winter if the season b mild. Tae Dairy Faatare. The director of the Iowa Experiment Station says: The problem as our lands become more valuable will be not how to do "with less grass,, but how to get more of it Pasture lands may become worn out. or what b more properly termed, "run out," quite as readily and completely as tillable lands. No part of the farm will yield better returns for careful attention and good treatment than the pasture. Some simple experiments conducted in the Iowa college farm pastures have furnished striking results in favor of pasture culture. The application of ten quarts of clover seed per acre, disced and harrowed into blue grass pasture in the early spring, increased the yield 65 per cent over pastures im mediately adjoining that received no treatment. Pasture buds thus treated produce a heavier, denser growth, and better variety of grasses, and stand drouth better and the improvement ox tends over several seasons. This treat ment should be alternated with top dressing applied preferably during the fall or winter, followed with the har row in the spring. The best pastures ate those that are never disturbed by the plow. t Craaa far Stacka. Bulletin 132, University of Califor nia: Several of the vegetables are val uable in supplying succulence for the ration. Among the root class the one in most common use is the mangsl wurtrel beet, because very large quan tities can be grown per acre and be cause it b palatable to all kinds of live stock. Carrots are also used in some sections, and they have the ad vantage of containing a slightly larger amount of dry matter than mangels. Of all the roots, moreover, none are more relished by horses than carrots. Sugar beets are not found profitable to grow for feeding stock, because they yield so small a tonnage in compari son to mangels, and the greater cost of growing and -gathering can only he undertaken on the ground of their greater value for sugar. Potatoes con tain about twice as much dry mattur as mangels and three times as much, carbonaceous material. They are, therefore, of greater food value, but, like sugar beets, have too high n com mercial value as human food to stake them profitable for stock. Agricaltaral KaUa. Broom corn b a "cash crop, and, like other cash crops, has its favorable and unfavorable features. lb cultiva tion on a very large scale b seldom successful, but if properly handled on a small scale, say from fifteen to twenty five acres for the average farmer, and especially on new land where the va riety of sure crops b limited, it will prove to be as paying as almost any crop that can be raised. Oklahoma has early seasons and can market the brush early in the season, when the highest price b usually paid, and for that and other reasons should easily become a great source of the nation's supply of broom com. After n long time drains sometimes get out of place through subsidence of the ground. If not attended to the injury slowly increases, and at length an extremely damp state of ground Is .produced. The only remedy in such a case b to dig up the old drains and start anew. Water, in passing through the soil to the drains, absolves out snail amounto of mineral salts and plant food, which it carries away.' The greater the absorptive power" of the roil, the less will be the amount thus mat. DAISY AND POULTRY, INTERESTING CHAPTERS FOR OUR lata mw ttt Care aff tin WanoJag the Caw The Irish Homestead comments oa the warming of cow stables as follows: At n meeting of the Veterinary Med ical Association. Mr. Pottle, who read a paper on "How to Make the Most of a Milch Cow in Winter." bid great stress on keeping the byre comfortable and especially in regard to tempera ture.' He' has triedTexperimento'on the point and found that n tempera ture of 63 deg. F. was the proper one. When the temperature was rabed to 67 deg. F. the supply of milk began to decline. He also discovered that it did not take long to decrease the yield of milk by lowering the temperature, but it took a far longer time to restore the lost quantity by rabing the tempera- f ture again. Mr. Pottle recommends in cold weather to stop the doors and ven tilators, and thus raise the tempera ture from the animal heat To' my mind thb system may do wall for a time,' but we fear the health of the animab would ultimately suffer from breathing air charged with carbonic add gas. Although more costly, we, should prefer artificially heating the byres during very cold weather to try ing the experiment of doing it with foul air. On the other hand, in time of cold or stormy, weather, there would be no need for keeping doors, windows or ventilators as widely open as in times of calm or heat. Variety la Stack F Bulletin 132. University of Callfor nb: The usual feeding practice in al falfa dlstricb b to depend entirely upon alfalfa pasture and alfalfa hay for cattle feed, except for the vexing foxtail, which comes up every spring. That thb b a cheap method of feed ing cannot be denied. That it would be cheaper to supplement the alfalfa with other feeds, either grown at home or purchased, b not yet proven to the satisfaction of all. The experience of a few dairymen has shown that some straw judiciously fed with alfalfa has lessened the cost of the ration and ad ded to its palatability. The few also who have fed corn silage report most satisfactory results. The most simple rule of animal feeding b broken when a cow b required to subsist on alfalfa atone, or any other single food, for no animal can be expected to do ito best when confined to a single food. The question then comes, will the cow do so much better on two or three different foods to pay for buying or rabing the- extra ones? On many ranches food material goes to waste, or b burned; such as straw, which if well preserved would be relbhed by the cow along with alfalfa. And in every dairy section in California corn can be grown in sufficient quantity to furnish silage to supplement dry pasture and add to the cow's change of food. ar Salllac Crnpa. However good the pastures-may be, there are times when they must be supplemented with forage crops and grain rations to maintain the dairy herd in good flow of milk, and the poorer the pastures the greater the necessity. The earliest of the green forage crops b rye, and it affords a generous supply of good feed although It comes at a time when the feed sup Ply b usually quite sufficient for the time being. The use of rye in the early spring makes it possible .to hold in reserve a larger surplus of feed tor midsummer. It can be sown in the corn fields after the last plowing, and in most seasons it will afford n good supply of green feed after the corn crop has been secured in the "alL Thb practice tends to eradicate weeds and renovate the soil First among the soiling crops for midsummer and early autumn, I would place sorghum, its hardiness, vigor and growth, abundant yield and adaptation to our soil, placa it among the most nibble and profit able crops of the farm, regardless of drouth or other abnormal climatic conditions. Any part of the crop not needed for summer feeding in the green state can be cured in the form of excellent winter fodder. C. F Curtiss. Kaap Va taa Milk riaw. A well-known writer on dairy sub jects; says: Careful breeding and In herited excellence may be set at naught by insufficient or unsuitable feed, even for n brief period. The suc cessful dairyman will carefully provide in advance for the feed supply during every month of the entire year. Too frequent provbion b made only for the winter months. The severest test sometimes comes in midsummer rather than in midwinter, when the tendency appears to be to trust to chance and let the dairy cow take the season's feed supply as it comes. The milk sup ply of the average creamery falls off more rapidly on pasture in "dog days" than in the midst of winter. Milk yield lost by the herd at any season of the year can never be fully re gained. The entire subsequent yield during any period of lactation will be mainly governed by the extent of tha decline during an unfavorable period. The dairy cow and likewise the dairy herd that makes the best yield must have no adverse periods at any tim II b the evenly sustained 'yield rather than .the sudden spurt that determines the year's total. Saytas ay Maarfard. , Professor Mamford, in some marks made before a class in re live stock, said: You can't get the desired quality Into native beef, without the help of some of the high-bred beef blood. .In the Chicago market when n man says "there ta a fine hunch of steers,' he means they are high-bred steers. A pedigree nnd n certificate of reg istry are entity differeat things. Ev ery animal has a pedigree. A certifi cate of registry b no guarantee of in dividual excellence. Why? Because every registry sssodation in thb country will accept for registry an ani mal whose parents have bean record ed. As long as It b possible to regis ter poor animab a pedigree .will be no certificate of quality. Wo may have a well-bred grade animal, or we may have a very poor registered ani mal. It b not necessary to buy an inferior registered animal, for there are plenty of good ones. The next Important thing after individual excellence b prepotency. It b a well known fact that n registered animal is more prepotent than an ordinary ani mal, for it has 'been bred along cer- i tain lines for many years. There b no place for the use ef the grade ssjaVtn Fowb do not .need habit of feeding locks large quantities of red pepper and other apices b not one to bo encouraged. Generally, too. such things are fed blindly and mast often result in disarrangement cf the digestive system. . a a The advice b given to get rid cf the old roosters before the breeding sea son begins. It b thought better to mate young roosters with old hens to get chicks both vigorous and hardy. The young cockerel imparts the vigor and the old hen the ability to with stand adverse conditions. mm The causes for soft shelled eggs may be various. Among them we may men tion the lack of shell-forming material in the food, the failure of the oviduct to secrete shell material, or its inabil ity to hold the egg till the shell b properly formed around it The feed ing of foods deficient in lime may be and probably b the principal cause of the deficiency. In-a state of nature fowb lay fewer eggs than they do when brought under the care of man. Moreover, they have in a wild state access to so many different kinds of food that they are sure to get enough lime somewhere for the eggs they by. Under artificial conditions it seems to be quite necessary for man to supply lime in addition to food, especially that fond t riofiMonf In 11m. The fellows that have been selling' we so-called "red albumen" seem to have made a pretty .fair haul of "suck ers." It b positively astonishing that so many people should rush off to the druggist and pay 60 cents a pound for something that has merely been men tioned in some non-agricultural paper. We have over 50 experiment stations In thb country, and it is an easy mat ter to write them concerning -a thing of thb kind. Any reputable agricul tural paper will also run to earth a fraud when the attention of the editor b called' to it Thb "red-albumen" on analysis was found to contain one tenth of one per cent of albumen, nnd the rest of the mixture consisted of sand and oxidized iron (red paint). In stead of being worth 60 cents a pouni, it was worth only 2 cents a pound for paint A. Sarvfeaabla Cooa, The coop shown in the Illustration has some decided advantages over most coops. A part of the run Is cov ered by the board roof. This gives .Mckcacoop1ikl aaiauUrt roa.' protection from the sun on hot days and from rain in stormy days, while permitting the birds free exercise and air. It may be modified so as to be easily cleaned and to make easy the handling of the brood. Aa Opiaiaa oa Baat Palp Wd. At a Californb convention, n Mr. Newball said: It would be difficult to economically feed pulp away from the factory, as transportation nnd hand ling of pulp b quite expensive. Fac tories sell pulp at from. 10 to 25 cents per ton; the former price has bean the custom when taken away from the fac tory, the latter when conveniences and facilities for feeding cattle have been furnished at or near the factories. I doubt any profitable use for beef-feeding at over 25 cents per ton for pulp. At this price, and the usual value of grain and hay or straw, it will cost from 39.00 to $12.00 per head to put the animal into good marketable con dition. At the present and usual price of purchase and sale zt cattle in Cali fornb these figures (19.00 to 912.00) are the full margin of profit when fat tened on grass on the ranges and without any extra ccot of feeding. I am of the opinion that under ordinary conditions in our state, except by small farmers, pulp, or in fact any feeding, cannot be profitably carried on; but pulp Is a most excellent thing to have in thb state to fall back on in case of emergencies, like dry years and seasons when cattle do not prop erly fatten on the ranges. I believe, however, that small farmers who do their own work can purchase cattle, fatten them, and sell to a profit that wouiu oe sausiacrory io tnem, es pecially as lob can be turned off ev ery three or four months. Thb would be especially true of farmers in the localities where sugar beete are raised, and a long start made by feeding beet tops, nnd which would require but lit-, tie time, say one month, for finishing on pulp with grain and hay. I he TaUas Neatly Taraa. There is a certain brilliant young lawyer in Brooklyn, with a reputation for ability in "rattling" witnesses, who had the tables neatly turned on him the other day. A prominent Heights physician testified as to the character of the injuries sustained by the plaintiff, and the young bwyer was seeking to ridicule his testimony. The physician had said that the pbin tiff's brain and spinal cord had been injured, and that the injury to the brain was manifested by an increased knee jerk. "Now, see here, doctor." said the lawyer, going through a series of physical contortions, chiefly with hb knees, "what does this increased knee jerk of mine show?" "Well." said the doctor, slowly, "taking youf exhibition of yourself before the jury and this knee Jerk, I should say that you were suffering from serious brain trouble." Saa Jose Scale la OMa. The San Jose scale has wrought great havoc in the orchards of Ohio. and it. has been necessary to dig up and burn thousands of infected trees. Next season's fruit crop will be' abort as a consequence. Wise b he who knows where hb knowledge ends and bis ignorance be gins.. The average man takes more Inter est in what he suspects .than what ho knows. Rest is the sweet sauce that b dbh ed up only-in connection with hard labor. It costs less to make dirty butter than it does to make clean butter; but it b worth less. Meadow foxtail produces an dance of feed, having n very lent and leafy-growth. It b extremely I palatable to stock and very nutritions, 1 BHmsSSanSa aaaxd aa buUj tanmm CAMVFVKE Kfniniscences and '- Memories Taa OM T The white dawn glimmered and he said. "Tte day!" The east was "reddening andrbe signed. -Farewell." The herald sun came forth and he was, dead. Hfe was In all his veins, but yestermorn. Aad ruddy' health seemed laughing oa Ms lips: Now he to dust, and will not breathe ssata! Give him a place to lay his regal head. Give him a tomb beside his brothers gone. Give him a tablet for his deeds and name. Hear the new voice that claims the va cant throne. Take the new hand outstretched to meet thy ktes. But give the past-'tis all thou canst thy tears! Last Skat ar tba Civil War. . "I alone, sire, am the" rear guard of the grand army!" exclaimed Marshal Ney, as he fired the last shot at the Cossacks on the banks of the Beresino. Thb melancholy feature of Napoleon's disastrous Russian campaign will doubtless be recalled by a few sur vivors of the last battle of the civil war when' they hear of the death of Gen. Egbert Brown. .When a line of Confederate cavalry .was slowly retiring from the field on the plains of Braxos Santiago in Texas, where the blue and the gray had met in deadly encounter for the last time, a soldier turned in his saddle, and, after repeating the words of the great French marshal, he threw his gun to Ms shoulder and fired. It proved to be the last shot of the last battle and it was certainly the last shot of the long war. Fortunately, as a matter favor able to the truth of history, the man who achieved distinction in connection with this memorable event is a perfect ly relbble man. His name is S. H. Barton. He was a captain in the con federate army and he was held in high esteem by hb superiors and dearly loved by his brave Texans, whose dan gers and privations he shared on the march and in the trenches where balls fell like hail. Promotion sought him many times after the smoke of battle had cleared from a red field and sol diers were talking of his dauntless courage, but he preferred to serve with the comrades of his boyhood. There are men still living who can bear witness to the bet that Captain Barton fired the last shot at Brazos Santiago, and, strangely enough, among these is an old soldier by the name of Ney,. who claims he is a de scendant of the famous French mar ihal, who fired the last shot at the A reliable citizen of Del Rio, in db jessing thb matter, said: "Capt. Bar wr b sure that he fired the last shot it the close of the last battle of the dvil war, and I believe him. for he is Capt. Bartea. t perfectly truthful man, and he would lot misrepresent a matter of that kind n the least not even to have bis fame spread over forty pages of history." The story of the last battle, which ras fought on the ISth of May. 186S, tfter the war was ended and peace de lared. has escaped the attention tba: t merits, for it was an affair of no ittle importance. Gen. Egbert Brown, who recently lied at West Plains, Mo., was in com nand of the federal troops in southern rexas. and he was doubtless well in 'ormed concerning the termination of lostilities. Gen. J. E. Slaughter, who tommanded the Confederate troops en tamped at Brazos Santiago, had heard rumors of the surrender of the armies ommanded by Lee, Johnson and other mnerab, but he' had received no offi cial notice of these facts from the war lepartment Gen. Brown, under a lag of truce. Informed the Confeder ites of the state of affairs about Wash ington and Richmond, at the same time inviting them to come in and lay lown their arms as the war was cer ainly over. Gen. Slaughter refused to act in an tffair of such importance until he was tetter informed. Thereupon. Colonel darret, at the head of a considerable iorce, was dispatched to break up tbe ebel camp. A hot cattle ensued and. furiously enough, most of the fighting was done on the old field of Palo Alto, jrhere Gen. Taylor achieved a victory ver the Mexicans nearly twenty years Wore. The French soldiers encamped ya. the southern shore of the Rio Jrande were in sympathy with the xoutherners, and they kept Gen. Slaughter and Col. Rip Ford posted ts to the movements of the federal troops. Several spirited encounters oc curred and the toss sustained by some jf the negro regiments must have deen severe. While the battle raged !he Confederates were frequently in formed by some bold cavalryman in ilue that the war was over. One dar ing fellow shouted: "Lee surrendered i month ago. The war is ended. Why ion't you go home?" " When the engagement was hottest. Sen. Sbughter received dispatches and the French sent him a bundle of news papers. Fully satisfied that the cause tor which they were fighting was for ever lost, he ordered the firing to cease. At thst particular moment aeither side could have claimed .an ad vantage over the other, but both ar mies began to retire from the field at the same time. Aa Cast S. A. Barton, in command of the rear guard, was slowly riding way. a stray bullet struck a young man at his side and he fell from his mddle. That was certainly the hut man killed in the long war. Capt Barton was unable to tell hb name. but he bat it in a notebook which he will (ublbh some day. "I thought that was hard luck," says the old soldier. The young man had served four years and never got a scratch. The last bullet that came our way killed him. Prompted more by s spite at fate rather than bitterness toward theenemy. I turned in my saddle aad fired toward a dark bule line which 1 hops was out of range. That was sal 1 Rt Jfm Vw Imff asasasatmPsF V aLasSBB. nBiraMaaHalalalmr aim 1 w . ii . i . STORIES. Tales That Wilt Ttecatt of the Tastm certainly the last shot of the war." Who fired the first one? great laSlaa Sao aff taa Bevalatlaa, Charles E. Brown, an Eastport photographer, has presented to the Maine Historical Society finely colored photographs of large sbe of Capt Sofiel Selmoro and hb wife. Mary, to fuU tribal dress. Capt Sofiel b a full blooded Abnaki, has never learned' to speak the English language with fa cility, is a devoted Christian, and hat for many years been the chief of the Passamaquoddy Indbns, living hi their principal village at Pleasant Point in the town of Perry; Me. He b n man of fine presence, and lead hb people In tribal matters with great dignity and wisdom. He is held in the highest es .teem by hb white neighbors. He was born in Perry, July 10, 1803, and b consequently in hb ninety-eighth year. Capt Sofiel b a member of the Maine Society of Sons of the American Revo lution. He Is a son of Capt Selmoro Soetomah, who with others of hb tribe served under Capt John Allen in ser vice on the eastern frontier, and was living as bte ss 1860, being then 103 years old. He was the leader of a band of fifty Indians who captured an armed British schooner in Passamaquoddy Bay during the Revolution and deliv ered her to Col. Allen. Capt Sofiel fol lows the Indian custom of making the Christian name of hb father hb own surname. The grajr-haired veterans of the 58th Massachusetta Regiment Assocbtion observed the anniversary of Washing ton's birthday by a reunion and dinner at Boston. Comrade Joseph B Read of South Hanson read a very interesting nnd carefully prepared paper covering the regimeat's experience during the civil war. from the time that It left Readville in 1864 until its return to the same camp July 16, 1865, 15 months bter. The regiment, he stated, was re cruited by Col. S. T. Richmond, but he could not be mustered in because the regiment was not complete, so that It left Readville under command of Ma. Whiton, and it was never completed. Camp was broken April 28, and the regiment started for Virginiu, arriving at Washington on the 30th, when it went into camp outside of that city. The regiment arrived at Bull Run battlefield during a terrific thunder storm. The 58th was assigned to the 2d division, first brigade, under Gen. Burnside, and was the last regiment to cross the Rappahannock river when' the bridge was destroyed. Ksparlaieats la Cartridges. The Ordnance Department of the army is now conducting some Interest ing experiments with reduced range cartridges, for simulating, at short range, the service target practice at long ranges, and these new cartridges are in the hands of troops st five posts! undergoing trial. It has been found iu target practice that the range of the service rifle b such as to render it dangerous, and another condition which has made the reduced range' cartridges deairabb b the dlflkulty In procuring suitable ranges adjacent to some of the military poem. The fea tures of the new cartridge are said to be a reduction of the powder charge in proportion to the range, so that firing at the closer range with a smaller charge can produce the same accuracy in marksmanship as would be gained by a greater charge and a greater range. The department has also decided to replace the bbek powder now In the hands of the troops with smokeless powder for gallery practice with small arms as soon as the stock of the former now Issued runs out. Victim af AaSarsaaTHIe. At a recent reunion Maj. E. S. Hor ton gave a very interesting account of his recent visit to Andersonville, with the Massachusetts commission, to ded icate the monument erected by the state in honor of her 767 boys who died there during the civil war. He exhibited several photographs taken of the monument and its surround ings; also a bronze medal which Pres ident Soule had bought of a colored man who owned the prison pen and found it there. He had turned it over to the major, and he has been trying to find the boy of the 7th regiment to whom it belonged. The medal bears an efflgy of Gen. McClellan, and tbe names of Fair Oaks, front of Rich mond, Antletam. Chancellorsville and Fredericksburg. nurtaeay ef Gee. Bragg. Gen. E. S. Bragg, the sole remaining commander of the old Iron Brigade, celebrated his seventy-fifth birthday at Fond du Lac. Wis., Feb. 21. Telegrams of congratulation were received from Col. W. H. S. Burgyeon, on behalf of 'the survivors of the army of Northern Virginb. who met the Iron Brigade at Gettysburg; from the Wisconsm delegation in Congress, from old com rades in Washington, and many other. The Fond du Lac Bar Association marched in a body to the general's residence to tender their felicitations. Warura Kaval Exaeadltaras. Among British Parliamentary pa pers recently published is one showing the aggregate naval expenditures dur ing 1900 on sea-going force. Accord ing to the figures, the British expendi tures of this character amounted to $142,394,215; United States. $66,927,870; Germany 137,362.280; Russia. $43,314, 005; France, $60,277,460; Italy. $24,515. 545; Japan. $20,407,765; Spain. $5,000. 596; Austria, $8,222,185; Netherlands. $6,803,295; Portugal, $2,537,150. . Tae Genaaa Armj. It Is proposed to stimubte promo tion In the German army by reducing the period of service required to au thorise the retirement of an oflcer from forty years to thirty-seven years, and a bill for this purpose has been presented to tbe secretary of the military authorities. The retiring al lowance b' to be increased so as io make the small pension granted three fifths of the full pay. ways Make Om9 Fare ttata. It b announced that by agreement with the Executive committee of the G. A. R. the Eastern Passenger associ ation had agreed on a uniform rate of one face' for the round trip to Wash ington for the convention to be held there ia October. v Wttnnr' WswwwwwwWWvw wWlwfwWWWww ffs DIED AT SftMto Wastes, mm EStT, War uuuuuu IIUIIUMUU Mm tmmmumm Sarah, or "Sallie," Waters, an old Virginia negro woman, who went to New Orifans with her young "mara ter" and -mistress when Gen. Andrew Jackson was prepsring to whip the British Invaders at Chalmetto. died at her daughter's home la that city, re cently, at the very advaaced age of 112 years. There can bo no dispute about the old woman's age. She was between 25 aad 30 years of sge when she came to the Crescent City Just a few months before the battle of New Orleans. Sal lie was a sbve and was bought and sold several times. "Aunt Sallie. according to her story, was bora in Mechleaburg county, Vir ginia. Her father was n Creek Indian. She belonged to the Vons family of Virginia. Mr. Vons' business carried him to New Orleans on more than one occasion. The young woman made one of these trips in n wagon with her master and young mutress. It took the party Over a' month to come from Vlrginb to thb city. One day. after they had been out for a week or so, she saw a blue spot on the sun. Every one thought that it was ill-omen they thought the world was coming to an end. At a ptace in Ambama the party found the ground literally covered with locusts. A peculiar thing about the. hugs wss that each one had a -y- , ,-y- - if - M - M - - M"i - Wisconsin Woman Descended From Famous War Heroine. Residing in Trempealeau. Wis.. Is an aged woman, a direct lineal descendant of Hannah Dustin. the heroine of the French and Indian war which raged In the New England states between the years of 1689 and 1697. Her name is Mrs. Maria Hull Truesdell. a widow, who b now in her eighty-fifth year, and though quite feeble, her intellect is still bright Included in various family relics that have been handed down from past generations is a dress made by Mary Chene Homan. grand daughter of Mrs. Dustin. in the year 1769; also an identical piece of wear ing apparel that was worn by Mrs. Dustin's infant while both were pris oners of the Indians. As Mrs. Dustin was captured in March. 1689. the relic b over 213 years old. It is of home spun linen. Mrs. Truesdell Is the great-great-great-granddaughter of Mrs. Dustin and traces her lineage as follows: Mrs. Hannah Dustin. heroine of the PASSING OF THE CASCO. Ancient Filipino Craft That Lighters Are Rapidly SurpUntinjr. X "The march of progress is un doubtedly going to be a great thing for the Filipino some of these days," said a man who got back from the islands not long ago to a New York Sun reporter. "But one of the prices he's got to pay for it is the gradual wiping out of picturesque customs and . aditlons of many years' standing. A good example is the passing of the Filipino cascb before the improved and wholly unbeautified lighter of western commerce. "The casco is a craft for coast and river commerce, and at the same time the permanent home of its crew and commander, or patron, the former liv ing forward and the latter aft. It is a long, crude looking structure, hooded or covered with bamboo. anJ under the manipulations of expert boatmen is capable of rather surpris ing agility. Manila is not a city of good wharves, nor is Manila bay a deepwater harbor, hence when big ships arrive their cargoes must be lightered ashore, and this has been the casco's work for ages. "The lighter cascoes have a tonnage MtfMAKAAAAAAMAAAAAAVNAMVlWWWWWWWWWVWWVW DOG FINDS 1A1Y IN THE WOODS. St. BeraarS Carrie Half-fresea lafaat ta His KeaaeL Nero, a full-blooded St. Bernard dog belonging to John Oliver, a farmer of Gates, attracted the attention of his master yesterday morning by his pecu liar actions. The animal would rush to the door, whine and paw the panels until some one came out, and then rush off to his kennel. After repeating this performance some time he was followed to the dog house, where an investigation revealed a half-frozen infant, scantily dressed and almost buried in the straw. The baby was hastily carried into the house and medical aid summoned, while Nero showed his joy at being understood by uttering short barks and running around his master. Upon further investigation tracks in the deep snow were discovered show ing that the dog. true to his early training in the Alps, had half carried, half dragged the baby across fields from tbe woods nearly a mile distant, where the infant either was lost or had been abandoned. An old blanket and some infant clothing that had slipped off when Nero attempted to carry the baby home showed where tbe child had lain in the snow. It is feared tbe baby will die from the ef fects of its terrible exposure despite the brave eTTorts of the dog to save its life. New York Sun. gasaUeex MaSe'a Kaa of BUai. George Welsh had degenerated nho a hobo, dirty, ragged, homeless and indifferent to his fate. Society's hand was turned against him. and he saw nothing in store for. him but a miser able existence and a pauper's grave. Passing from jail to jail he served a short term for vagrancy in Mount Hoily, and when released drifted to Camden, where he applied for a night's lodging in the "tramp cellar" at the city hall. The doorman notic ed a slight rash on the hobo's face. He bad contracted smallpox in the Mount Holly jail. He was hurried to Cam den's isolation hospital. It proved to be a light case, and Welsh was soon set at work serving the other patients. He was obliging and willing to work, and after hb con valescence the medical inspector em ployed him at $3 a week as a laborer. Webb sticks at his work, and has not riwn any pay since he was put on the saury list several weeks ago. I want to stay here as long n 1 1 mmmwmmmmmmmmmmmm APE OF 112. Warn Y WrMM.S slwMwf at 1S12. ..... ....... ........ t,t Islml kind of letter on its back. The young? master picked up n somber of bojsT and spelled out Sally's name. "Lerdyf Lordy!" exclaimed the darky, not knowing what to make of the strange phenomenon. The travelers reached New Orleans a short time before the battle of New Orleans a short time before the battto of New Orleans. Aunt Sallie was the cook of the party. She managed to get about occasionally, and on one of her trips saw Gen. Jacksoa. Mr. Voas returned to Virginia shortly afterward and took the cook with him. Mrs. Vons died and Aunt Sallie was thea sold to Iry Nun of Maryland. When' her new master died she was stolen, with four children, two boys nnd two girls, and brought to New Orleans and sold to Jack Doty. She and the chll- dren were sent to Mr. Doty's pbata tion, in Wilkinson county, Mississippi where she remained until the close of the civil war. The old woman was the ssoUier of' about a score of children, says a New Orleans special to the St. Louis Post Dispatch, thirteen of whom were . reared. Of these three are still liv ing, the eldest, who is between 70 and, 75 years, being the eighth child. The other two children are 53 and' 49 years of age. respectively, the youngest child having been bora when Aunt SailiS was 63 years old. o - utJTrMnru - trtriUTjnjTjTjT HaveriU massacre; next in line her daughter. Hannah Dustin Chene; then her daughter, Mary Chene Homan; then Mrs. Chene's daughter, Abigail Homan Hull, who died in 'lrempealeau in 1882 at the age of 103. Mrs. Hull was the mother of Mrs. Truesdell. who was born in Wentworth. N. H.. Nov. 8. 1817. and after living at Utica. Schuyler and Deerfleld, N. Y.. came to Trempealeau in 1868. Her only danghter died some years ago. but leaves two sons now residing In Min neapolis. Descendants of Mrs. Trues dell's sister still reside at Trempealeau in the persons of Geologist George Squier and his son Ulysses. Not only are the relics shown by Mrs. Truesdell very interesting in themselves, but still more so is the fact that the aged woman has the correct family version of Mrs. Dus tin's famqus and historic capture and escape after sbe had killed and scalped ten of her Indian captors. of from 20 to 100 tons and the smaller ones, or casquitos. from 8 to 20 tons, and they range from 20 to 90 feet in length with a 12-foot extreme beam, and when loaded draw only 2ft to 3 feet of water. Tbey are built of a light, tough wood grown in the prov ince of Batam. which resembles teak and will last for centuries on land or water. "Cascoes are usually propelled by a bamboo pole eighteen or twenty feet long, in the hands of husky Filipino river men. The poles are spiked and padded so the crews may place them against their shoulders to give force to their pushes. The crews number from five to ten men and tbey and their families live almost wholly on rice. fish, oysters, clams and shrimps. Their pay is a peso a day. about 50 cents. At night the bow is cleared and the deck spread with palm mats, and on these men. women and chil dren lie down like sardines in a box." Sir Red vers Buller is to write his autobiography. It will be bound in black. can," he says. "This is the first steady job I've had in years. Smallpox has been-the making of me. I'm through with the life of a vagrant." Dr. J. F. Lcavitt, the medical in spector, says Welsh is the best labor er they have had at the hospital. Philadelphia Evening Telegraph. Trap Imbedded la Tree. While felling a tree on Eli Marvin's farm near Jefferson. Ind.. Oicar Wal ters, the tenant, made a singular dis covery. A large steei trap was found imbedded in the tree, the wood hav ing grown ever it to a thickness of three inches. Attached to the trap was a long chain, this being Imbedded about six inches. On the spring of the trap was stamped the name of George Emory. Mr. Emory reports that the trap has been missing for twenty-two years. The owner was a famous trapper In those days, ami did a flourishing busi ness in 'coon hides., those animals be ing plentiful in the woods then. In' making his rounds one day he found that one trap has disappeared. He thought that it had been stolen, but bad no idea that the thief was a four-' footed one. When the trap was found in the tree it wa3 about forty feet from the ground. After being cut out it was returned to Mr. Emory, who re membered its loss and identified it.. He thinks that the trap was carried up into the troe by a 'coan. Owatn Araay Maaeaeere. According to the program of ma- . nenvers for next summer just approve ed by the German emperor, there will' be corps operations by the regiments of the Guard and the Fourth. Seventh. Ninth. Tenth. Fifteenth. Seventeenth and Eighteenth corps and the- Pioneer regiments, and operations of attack by the First. Ninth and Eighteenth ? corps, the artillery participating with -real fire. Independent cavalry divi sions will lie formed in three corpsv which wiil have special maneuvers. For the grand maneuvers the ThirJ Corps, under Gen. von LIgnlts. and ' the Fifth Corps, under Lieut Gen. voo Stulpnagel. are to operate against one: another, in the presence of the en' ' peror. They are to.be reinforced-' by troops from the Guard Corps, thai Pioneers: aad the Second Corps. aasT " each will have a balloon section. Th T "real fire" expzriments by the artil- Iery of the three corps promise to Is' interesting to a high degree, though' probably little information ahni k , will be vouchsafed to outsiders. -t 4R 1 & s. '4 t I Vi n '" j t' sr j -? iff- s-ti-rJ,vi rjj' . rj" ..- .-iajzsi.'.ten-in' e. .t. .- ji.'zjn::isxr-9&r'j.--.-. iKft'i cz :2-'ir"r". '. . .. , A "t -. - j $.? 4 n:jt " .5.. Ci-M. ?,-:. . .' . ,--- -JS -STY
