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Anecdotes of Interest to Soldiers Botl. Old
and Young.
Liberty Ball.
I mm the ancient bell that pealed a
Wkea IJberty was bom. ,
Aad blood-drops the furrows fell
Inataad of wheat and corn.
The Infant nation's cradle-song
Was ant upon my tongue.
And o'er the sea King George grew pale
And trembled as 1 rung.
The dust has gathered In my throat.
But not upon my fame:
A relic of the glorious past
To Charleston's fair I came.
With bands of gallant gentlemen
To guard me on the way.
And banners wa-lng In the breeze.
And martial music gay.
Where Marlon rode the British down.
AS'wKnoSL bough repeats
His detdi. of daring rllll.
With patriotic memories
I feel my clapper stir.
As when an old Arabian dreams
Once more of whip and spur.
Wher Hrst In deadly battle met
The ranks of gray and
Both North and South unite to-day
To read my legion true:
"Proclaim sweet liberty." it runs.
My metal rim above.
Throughout the land, and unto all
Inhabitants thereof." , ,
1 -Minna Irving In Leslie's Weekly.
BhUab's ntoaasseats.
Tne twenty-one monuments to be
erected on Shiloh battlefield by Sept
1 1902, are all to be of the same size.
Nineteen will mark the points where
the Indiana regiments of infantry were
engaged and two will mark the posi
tions of the two batteries. The accom
panying picture is the design for the
infantry monuments. The battery
monuments will be the same except
that crossed cannon and balls will ap
pear instead of the accoutrements of
infantry.
The monuments will be of Bedford
limestone and will be sixteen feet and
six inches high. The first base Is eight
feet and two inches square. The shaft
is three feet square at the base. The
design Is by John R. Lowe, who lives
at 2140 North Pennsylvania street, In
dianapolis. The Seventeenth. Fifty-first. Fifty
seveath and Fifty-eighth regiments
on the field after the battle was
ever, but the monuments will be erect
ed for them anyhow. Some of the
members of the Fifty-eighth say they
prefer not to have a monument if "not
in action" Is to be marked on it. They
fear future generations may not under
stand. The Indiana Shiloh Park Com
mission, which the legislature created
to supervise the erection of the monu
ments, believes that the Second cav
alry and Tenth battery have as much
right to monuments as the regiments
that arrived at the close of the battle,
for they, too, arrived at the close a
little earlier than the regiments. The
legislature, however, appropriated for
nineteen regiments of infantry and
two batteries of artillery, and the com
mission had no choice. The commis
sion tried without success to find some
body who could speak for "the Second
cavalry and Tenth battery.
The total cost of the monuments is
121.000, or $1,000 each. The commis
sion advertised for the best monument
to be built for $1,000. Many of the de
signs were for granite, but were for
much smaller monuments than the
Bedford stone designs.
The commission does not yet know
what inscriptions the government will
allow to be placed on the monuments.
Nicholas Ensley. assistant secretary of
the commission, has prepared a list of
the regiments, with their commanders
and the number lost in battle. It is as
follows:
Sixth Col. 'Thomas L. Crittenden.
Killed, 4; wounded. 36; missing, 2. To
tal loss. 42.
Ninth-Col. Gideon C. Moody. Killed,
17; wounded. 153. Total loss. 170.
Eleventh Col. George F. McGinnis.
Killed, 11; wounded. 51. Total loss. 62.
Fifteenth Lieut.-Col. Gustavus A.
Wood. No losses. It was in a position
where enemy's shots passed over.
Twenty-third CoL William L. San
derson. Killed, 7; wounded, 35; miss
ing. 2. Total loss, 44.
Twenty-fourth Col. Alvin P. Hovey.
Killed. 6; wounded, 45. Total loss, 51.
Twenty-fifth Maj. John W. Foster.
Killed, 21; wounded, 115; missing, 2.
Total loss. 139.
Twenty-ninth Lieut.-Col. David M.
Dunn. Killed. 4; wounded. 76. Total
Thirtieth Col. Sion S. Bass. Killed.
12; wounded, 115; missing. 2. Total
loss. 129.
Thlrty-irst Col. Charles Cruft
Killed. 21; wounded, 114; missing, 3.
Total loss, 138.
Thirty-second Col. August Willich.
Killed. 10; wounded, 86. Total loss,
96.
Thirty-sixth Col. William Gross.
Killed, 9; wounded. 36. Total loss. 45.
Thirty-ninth Col. Thomas J. Har
rison. Killed. 2; wounded, 34. Total
lose, 96-
Fortieth Col. John W. Blake. No
loss. The regiment was In the same
positiea as the Fifteenth.
Forty-fourth Col. Hugh B. Reed.
Killed. 34;. wounded. 177; missing. 1.
Total lass, 212.
The Fifty-first. Col. A. D. Streight;
Fifty seventh, CoL Cyrus C. Hines;
Fifty-eighth. CoL Henry M. Carr. and
Seventeenth. CoL John T. Wilder, came
on the leld after the battle was over.
Sixth Battery Capt. Frederick Behr.
Killed, 1; waaaded. 5; total loss. 6.
Ninth Battery Capt. George R.
Brows. Killed, 1; wounded, 5; total
10SS.C.
m a Jfnrse-
Than m no woman in the Northwest
JflNDIAHAl IjfL
Veterans.
whose history stands out more prom
iently than does that of Mary Coch
rane, familiarly known as "Indian
Mary," who is at present residing near
the village of Stephensville, on the out
skirts of St. Joseph. Mich. She is in
straitened circumstances that approach
dire poverty, and as she Is very old.
the authorities have taken up her case
and will now attempt to make the
rest of her life easy. One need only
to recall a particular period of the out
break of the civil war. when the whole
press of the north lauded her as a
heroine, and spoke of her brilliant
feat in the rescue and nursing back to
life of Col. James A. Mulligan, of the
famous Twenty-third Illinois infantry,
known as the "Irish brigade," and who
commanded the Union troops in the
siege of Lexington. Mo., where Col.
Mulligan was severely wounded.
It will be remembered that a Union
force was besieged there for several
days, which was commanued by this
intrepid Irish commander, who had a
force of 2,800 men that withstood a
force of 20.000 rebel troops under Gen.
Sterling Price. Col. Mulligan took a
strong position at the east of the town
and built a fortiflcation around the
Masonic seminary, covering eighteen
acres. The attack began on the morn
ing of the 11th of September and last
ed until the 20th, in 1861. when Col.
Mulligan's forces, being out of pro
visions and cut off from the water
supply, and himself badly wounded,
surrendered. The officers and men
were paroled after making a defense
that was the theme of the nation at
that time.
Col. Mulligan's wound was thought
to be serious, and he was removed to
an island in the Missouri river, where
he remained several weens. Indian
Mary went to the rescue of the dying
colonel and nursed him, using only her
well-known Indian remedies, which
soon restored him to life and duty. In
dian Mary accompanied the troops to
the front again, and became one of
Old Mother Bickerdike's special at
tendants in the Hospitals of tne West
ern armies, and won credit for her
bravery and skill as a nurse, being
under fire on several occasions.
Civil-War Volnateer.
Few persons at this date can rully
realize the importance in military af
fairs in the war of the rebellion of de
feats in battle. Yet to-day, the presi
dent has said many things calling the
attention of the people to the fact
that the bravery of the volunteer sol-'
diers from 1S61 to 1865 rendered pos
sible the present liberty we enjoy, tho
advantages we possess, as citizens of
Hip United States. As a single case, I
refer to the battle of Allatoona, Ga.,
Oct. 5, 1864. Had the determined
bravery of the defenders of that place
(where millions of rations were stored
for the support of troops from Atlan
ta to Chattanooga), been less than
what it was. the march through Geor
gia to the sea would nave been long
dcliyed and the war prolonged.
as it was. Gen. Corse was the main
officer in command, and so determined
was he to defend that place that he
mounted a gun carriage and shouted
to his men to defy the hosts charging
on the works from all quarters, and by
that determined bravery of officers and
men the fort was held against the
overwhelming hosts of confederates.
As an illustration of what Gen.
Sherman thought of that conflict and
defense, I win tell you what was told
me by a guard at headquarters the day
after the defeat of the enemy:
"Gen. Sherman," the soldier said,
"rode up to headquarters and the offi
cer on duty said to him: 'Well, Gen
eral, we saved Allatoona.' 'But,' Gen.
Sherman replied in his quick way
'nothing but the determined bravery of
the men saved it- The place was mis
erably fortified.'"
The survivors of the Allatoona de
fense on Oct. 5, 1864, should be honor
ably mentioned as one incident of the
war where the lives of men paid for
the saving of the rations that fed
Sherman's army on their journey to
the sea. Henry Strong in Chicago In
ter Ocean.
The Coronet's Post.
When Mayor Ashbridge was coroner
he addressed one evening a meeting of
the Fatriotic Order Sons of America.
At the conclusion of his speech, says
the Philadelphia Times, a gray-bearded
man, wearing the bronze button of
the Grand Army of the Republic, ap
proached the coroner, and, extending
his hand, said:
"Comrade. I am proud to know you.
What post do you belong to?"
"Post Mortem!" was the corner's
quick reply.
"Ah!" continued the veteran, sober
ly, "what is the number?"
"We have different numbers every
day." answered the coroner.
"Strange, strange." said the puzzled
veteran, scratching his grizzled head;
"but do you know I never heard of
that post before? Where do you
meet?"
"In the City Hall," was the answer.
"I'll drop in on you some night and
sit around your camp fire." quoth the
veteran.
"Don't." counselled the coroner, and
as he walked away the veteran re
marked to a bystander that Comrade
Ashbridge was a very queer brother.
Steel oa Oar Warships.
When the navy turned to building
its ships of steel it was remarked that
unless some device was adopted for
offsetting the effect of heat condensing
on the metal it would be only a matter
of a short time before ail our officers
would be suffering from rheumatism.
The introduction of metal chairs, ta
bles and other pieces of furniture fol
lowed a few years ago, and now there
is not a single piece of wood of any
size to be found in an officer's room
on a modern warship. He sleeps in an
iron berth, keeps his clothes in a steel
chest, while the floor, ceiling and wahs
of his apartment are of the same metal
Faltafal Horse.
When the Duke of Wellington was
fighting in Spain there were two horses
which had always drawn the same gun.
side by side, in many battles. At last
one was killed, and the other, on hav
ing his food brought as usual, refused
to eat. but turned his head round to
look for his old friend, and neighed
many times as if to call him. All care
was in vain. There were other horses
near him. but he would not notice
them, and he soon afterward died, not
having tasted food since his former
-companion was killed.
Nobody who ever loves a woman ever
asks himself why he loves her; he
doesn't care why.
FASM AND GARDEN,
MATTERS
OF INTEREST
CULTURISTS.
TO AGW-
Seasa Ca-ta-lMta Htats Abaa Caltt
vatlaa of tha 8H as' YleMs
Thereof Hortlcaltara, Vltleattara
Flarlcaltara.
The greatest obstacle to tha growing
wheat in some states of the Union is
die Hessian fly. This Insect mot In
frequently increases as the wheat acre
age increases, and acts as a decided
Jrag on the whole wheat-growing
ouslness. Various methods hare been
tried to escape the ravages of this in
sect Late sowing has been one of
these. Sometimes this practice Is en
tirely successful in enabling the wheat
to escape the flies and also in securing
good yield of grain the following
season. At other times the warm
weather in the fall has enabled the
ales to live long enough to produce
grubs in the late sown wheat. In
rase of a dry time late in the fall the
late-sown wheat has been known not
to germinate, or, germinating, it has
made too slight a growth to be able
to stand the varying hardships of
winter. But taking all things into
:onsideration it is probable that late
sowing Is generally advisable. When
the flies are present at all In the late
sown wheat they are generally few In
cumbers compared to the numbers
found in the early-sown wheat. An
Illustration of this is'seen in some
sowings made at the Kentucky Exper
iment station. One plot, planted Sep
tember 26. yielded 33 per cent -of In
tested plants. A plot sowed October 3
fielded 1 per cent of Infested plants.
Three other plots sowed October 10.
17 and 24 yielded no infested plants,
in localities north of Kentucky the
plantings should be earlier than the
iates mentioned, while south of the
northern part of that state they should
be later.
Hessian flies cannot stand frost
rod disappear mostly after a few cold
sights in the falL They are supposed
to be about as hardy as the mosquito.
However, cases are known where they
laid eggs on wheat plants after at least
fonr heavy frosts. The flies spend
much of their nfe in the ground dur
ing the summer months. About the
time the fall wheat should appear they
come out of the ground and deposit
their eggs on the young wheat blades
If any exist Then they promptly die.
Three days from the time of coming
out of the ground the insects have
finished laying their eggs and have
perished. The eggs are always laid on
the upper side of the blade and usually
only a few on each leaf. They are so
small that they can be readily seen
jnly with a microscope. The "flax
seeds" are often taken for eggs, but
these are the coccoons of the grub, in
which he is transforming into a full
Hedged Hessian fly and getting ready
to do mischief when he (or she)
merges in the spring.
Strange as it may seem, the Hessian
3y. except In Its "flax seed" state. Is
aot generally known. A small beetle
(aphodius inqulnatus) is frequently
mistaken for it. These Insects are
numerous in some wheat fields. The
Hessian fly resembles a mosquito, but
lacks the beak.
Saa Jasa Seal from Worth China.
Secretary of Agriculture Wilson in
his annual report, referring to the San
Jose scale, says:
The evidence accumulating during
the past two or three years had seemed
to show that very possibly this scale
was originally imported into this coun
try from Japan, and in the spring of
the present year the assistant entomol
ogist, Mr. Marlatt, was sent to Japan
for the purpose of studying the ques
tion on the ground. Unexpectedly to
most entomologists, although not to
the entomological force of the Depart
ment of Agriculture, It was quite defi
nitely ascertained that the San Jose
scale Is not Indigenous to Japan, but
that, quite to the contrary, it was In
troduced Into that country from the
United States upon fruit stock at sev
eral different times and at several dif
ferent points. The most careful search
failed to reveal the scale In portions of
Japan where American plants had not
been Introduced. Mr. Marlatt's trav
els In the Japanese empire lasted about
five months, and having satisfied him
self, as just stated, he proceeded to
China, visiting Cheefoo, the port of the
great foreign fruit district of North
China, where the industry was started
by a missionary (Dr. Nevins) some
thirty years ago, since which time it
has extended over the province. For
eign fruits were introduced and are
now grown alongside the native fruits
or grafted on native trunk?. The San
Jose scale was found there, but the
admixture of foreign trees with the na
tive trees prevented any conclusion as
to whether the scale was indigenous
or not. Proceeding to Pekin, he found
tho fruit markets enormously stocked
and representing exclusively the prod
ucts of the surrounding country and
districts south of and adjacent to the
Great Wall. All the fruits were na
tive. The apples were small, and the
pears were hard and woody. Nearly
all this fruit was infested by the San
Jose scale.
At Tientsin the same conditions
were found in the fruit markets, and
in the city gardens and private yards'
the San Jose scale was found on a
flowering shrub coming from North
China. In all the region between
Tientsin and Pekin and the Chinese
wall native fruits only are grown, and
no foreign stock of any kind has ever
been introduced. Apples, pears,
peaches, apricots,, and plums are ex
tensively grown on the sunny slopes
of all the hills south of the Great Wall.
The San Jose scale In this district
could not have come from any foreign
country, as there have been no impor
tations and the fruits are all of native
sorts. The scale occurs very scatter
ingly, although generally, just as it
should if native, and Is In a state of
balance with Its native natural ene
mies. It has a natural enemy, every
where present and efficient, In a lady
bird beetle known as Chilocorus slml
iis. From this evidence Mr. Marlatt
jonclndes without doubt that the San
Jose scale is a native of North China.
Hasan aait Soil Nitrogen-
No two factors are of greater im
portance to the farmer than the two
mentioned above. Without these two
successful farming Is impossible.
Every investigation that adds new
light in respect to these is a help to all
farming operations. In some experi
ments carried on in North Dakota the
number of colonies of ordinary bac
teria in the first three inches of soil
was found to range from 10,000 to 52.
M9, and of anaerobic bacteria from
W0 to 8.009. Nitrifying bacteria were
not found in bare summer fallow be
low two feet Some of the conclu
sions of the experimenters follow:
"The coatinnoM growing of wheat
r other grain, or cultivated crop,
rapidly depletes tha organic matter
from the second six laches of soiL The
growing of clover and peas in a crop
rotation causes a marked tacransa ia
the organic matter and hoaras ia. tha
soil in both the first and second six
inches. Plowing under a 'green crop
does not produce as beneficial results
as come from plowing grass lands.
Plowing under a green crop leaves tha
organic matter in a mass and not mni
formly distributed throughout the soiL
After grass In a crop rotation the soil
shows a large increase in amount of
organic matter, but less than two
thirds as much as is found in adjoining
fields of native prairie soiL
"Soils on which wheat has bees,
grown continuously since 1883 were
found to be in bad condition, chemical
ly and physically. They do not retain
water well in the cultivated portion,
and failed to mature a crop of wheat
in the dry season of 1900. The avail
able plant food and the principal feed
ing ground of the wheat roots seems
to be in the first eight inches of soiL
. . . Newly broken soils do not,
blow. . . . The great mass of fine
roots intertwined about the particles
of soil in the virgin prairie prevented
the soil from blowing. The same re
sults may be attained by adopting a
system of rotation which includes
grass. The system of agriculture most
nearly Ideal for maintaining soil fer
tility would be one with two years in
grass, one year a cultivated crop, then
two years in grain crops, making a
five-years rotation."
National Meat Inspector.
-- The meat Inspection service of the
national government has grown to
proportions commensurate with the
live stock industry. It is now main
tained in 51 cities and at 156 abattoirs.
Nearly 37,000,000 animals were in
spected at time of slaughter. This Is
an increase over the preceding year of
6 cities, 8 abattoirs and 2,300.000 an
imals. Although in the aggregate a
large number of carcasses were con
demned, the percentage has been ex
tremely small. In nearly 5,250,000 cat
tle inspected the condemned carcasses
amounted to only about one-fourth of
1 per cent; In 6,500,000 sheep it was
about one-tenth of 1 per cent, and in
24,250,000 hogs it was but one-third of
1 per cent The larger part of the in
spected meat, as might be anticipated,
went into interstate commerce and was
consumed in the United States, but
there were exported under department
certificates 452,830 pounds of beef.
894.64S pounds of mutton, and 231,144,
938 pounds of pork. The microscopic
inspection of pork was maintained
during the year, but owing to the com
paratively high prices In this country
there was a considerable decrease of
exports in this line of products, but
35,942.404 pounds having been certified
for countries requiring such inspec
tion. H14tt!e FsacBcs."
The peach in this country has gen
erally been a very profitable crop, but
for many years it has been subject to
a number of serious diseases. Some of
these can now be controlled, notably
"yellows" and peach-leaf curl, two of
the worst enemies of peach growers.
A few years ago a new disease ap
peared in some of the finest peach
orchards of New York, Michigan and
other states, and this trouble has
caused growers a great deal of uneasi
ness. The Department of Agriculture
has had one of its most competent
experts engaged on the disease, and he
believes that he has discovered the
cause. The disease In question Is
known as "little peach," from the fact
that the fruit ripens when very small,
this becoming more pronounced each
year until the tree dies, which it in
variably docs at the end of two or
three years. The cause of "little peach"
is believed to be a fungus which at
tacks the very young roots, and al
ready the matter of preventing it by
securing resistant stocks has been
taken up.
Growing Berarada Grass.
One of the most valuable pasture
grasses for use in the southern states
is Bermuda grass, a species of trop
ical origin. In our latitude the grass
seeds very sparingly, and the method
of securing a field of it has been to
transplant roots. This method, how
ever, is so expensive as to be almost
prohibitory. Experiments have been
made with good Imported seed by the
department during the past two years
on the trial grounds at Washington,
and it has been found that when sown
at the rate of 3 pounds per acre dur
ing a portion of the year in which the
ground continued moist, a good stand
from 3 to 6 inches high was secured in
forty-five days. The procuring of good
germinable seed and the adaptation of
the above facts to conditions in the
south should make It possible to se
cure at a moderate price an excellent
stand of this valuable grass.
A Remedy for Stock Polsoalaff.
The loss of stock in Montana, caused
by poisonous plants, has been esti
mated at from 350,000 to 8100,000 per
annum. Prior to the present fiscal
year there was no simple and reliable
way of saving stock when poisoned,
but now, by a series of careful experi
ments conducted at the request of the
Montana authorities, the department
has shown that if a small tablet con
sisting of permanganate of potash and
sulphate of aluminum be promptly
administered the greater part of this
loss can be averted. The action of the
permanganate is to oxidize and destroy
the poison still remaining unabsorbed
in the stomach, and this action is In
tensified by the sulphate of aluminum.
The poisonous plants that respond to
this treatment are, so far as ascer
tained, larkspur and poison camas, the
two plants that cause most of the loss
es in Montana. Dept of Agriculture
Report.
A good orchard of any kind cannot
be established without good soil, both
as to fertility and mechanical condi
tion. Virgin soil is frequently not
suitable for the growing of trees,
shrubs and vines. We have seen virgin
soil so hard and unresponsive that
grape vines dried when placed in it
Yet the same soil proved to be very
good after it had been turned up to
the air and worked for a year or two.
The fact that the average modern
woman treasures her good looks and
therefore appears considerably young
er than her masculine contemporaries
has been advanced as a reason for the
growing tendency among women to
marry men their juniors.
A little girl of four years was rid
ing past a cemetery with her mother.
Looking up she said: "Mamma, how
long after they bury a person before
the gravestone come up?"
The first years of the orchard should
be a formative period, having for its
principal object the making of the
most perfect framework possible for
each tree.
Some young women have soul yearn
ings worse than the stomach ache.
DAIRY AND POULTRY.
r
INTERESTING CHAPTERS FOR OUR
RURAL READERS.
Haw Saeeassral Farmers Oasvata TW
Oeaartsseat at tha Farm A raw
Hlas as to tha Cars of I4 Stock
raaltr
A Btadr la Skim Milk,
Now and then one hears of some
man who is feeding his cows with
their own refuse skim milk, and re
porting great success and saving of
grain. Several dairymen In this coun
try are practicing this plan, the most
noted of whom Is Menzo Wilcox, ot
Millford, N. Y., who has fed skim milk
to his dairy for years, and with a herd
of common bred, but well selected,
cows has raised the' butter yield to
over four hundred and twenty-five
pounds each yearly, writes Mrs. John
Gould to the New York Tribune. ' It is
not so much In feeding the milk to the
cows, but In finding what cows best
assimilate it and how much can be
fed to advantage. The great value of
skim milk consists In Its casein (pro
tein) and milk sugar, and it may be
said to bear some relation to bran in
its proportions. In 100 pounds of
FKim milk there are about 3' pounds
protein, pound albumen, 4 pounds
sugar and the ash and some butter
fat, in all about 9 pounds of solid
matter; so a cow fed 50 pounds of
milk per day would get a food value
somewhere near the value of 5 pounds
of gluten meal. As dry matter the
nutritive ratio would be very narrow,
1:2, when a balancing ration would be
about 1:5.4; so it will be seen that If
a cow will consume 50 pounds of milk
a day she has been fed 1 pounds of
the 2 pounds of protein that she re
quires dally. If the roughage was
clover hay the protein in the hay
would be pretty nearly enough more
to make up the total amount required.
The best feeders of milk have found
that not all of the cows like or can
be induced to drink the milk, and of
those that do many of them do far
better and seemingly digest It better
If it Is fed slightly sour. Where the
milk is creamed and butter made It Is
found better to put the buttermilk into
the skim milk, and thus add a "starter"
that creates in the fresh milk a pleas
ant acid taste, which makes it seem
ingly better relished by the cows. It
is the best plan where the cows are
fed the milk to let them drink It from
palls, and wash these pails very fre
quently with boiling water and keep
them fresh, otherwise the drinking
trough or pail gets thick with foment
ed germs, and a bad taste is promoted,
the cow refuses to drink the mess, and
it will be a matter of much labor to
induce her to again drink skim milk.
It is thought best that some grain be
mixed with the milk when fed. As to
this the farmer can best judge for him
self when the feeding problem is be
fore him. The value of the milk for
food varies according to the price of
butter and ability of the cows to give
milk. Cheap butter and small messes
of milk make butter cost far more
than Its market price; but with butter
selling at about 24 cents, and with
a four hundred pound butter cow,
skim milk Is estimated by Mr. Wilcox
to be worth in the saving of grain food
fully worth 35 cents a hundred pounds
a sum far in excess of that received
by most farmers for skim milk, es
pecially where they will not draw it
away from the creameries at five cents
a can, and that when they know that
practically all of the food elements re
main in the milk, for the abstracted
fats contain little supporting sub
stance, but briefly a substance to help
digest and emulsify food and impart
energy.
A Lag-Born peace.
Occasionally a man wishes to con
fine Leghorns in a yard, says a writer
in Poultry Monthly. Such was my ex
perience. My pullets flew the fence
a six-foot fence. I then put on two
more feet, and they mounted that I
then strung a wire over it all, but over
the wire they went, balancing them
selves neatly. I consulted a friend,
who said there were only two things
to do; Either clip their wings or put
up a 100-foot fence. They were too
pretty to be mutilated by clipping, and
I was not prepared to erect such a
fence. Whereupon I set to thinking,
and devised a scheme which worked
beautifully, and my Leghorns now stay
in the yard, and wings have not been
clipped. I put up a wire fence four
feet high, and then at an angle of
about 45 degrees I added three feet, In
clined towards the pen. Mistress Hen
stands at about two feet from the base
of the fence, and flies up as straight as
she can, hits her head against the
sloping fence, and comes down dis
couraged. She tries this some half
dozen times a day and finally gives
it up disgusted. The hen is a rather
stupid animal and is unable to reason;
she never thinks to stand off at a dis
tance and fly for the top of the slop
ing fence. I do not remember seeing
this kind of a fere spoken of in poul
try books or periodicals. If the scheme
is of any assistance to any one of your
readers, I am glad to give them the
result of my experience.
flatter Making la Normandy.
Crossing fourteen or fifteen miles of
water we land on the northwest coast
.of France, in a region long noted for
dairying, especialiy butter-making.
Here we find the Normandy cattle
large, coarse boned, with heavy, home
ly heads and horns, and nothing to
show the possession of dairy qualities.
Their udders are especially poor. They
appear more of a beef than a dairy
breed. Yet the people make a living
with them as dairy animals. In type
they are very much like our Brown
Swiss, although Inferior In every re
spect You have to pay $150 or $200
If you want a good cow there. Nor
mandy cattle have thrifty calves, and
this section is noted for its superb
veal. In fact the best veal I ever
tasted was in France. These people
carry on dairying at a great disad
vantage. They have no means of cool
ing milk or determining what they lose
in butter fat The butter is not salted
and is sold twice a week. Daughters
and wives of dairymen take It to near
est market and In two hours from
52,000 to 60,000 pounds is sold. At
these markets are four or five princi
pal buyers, with assistants who take
most of it shipping to Paris and other
large cities, and what is left goes to
the blending factories where butter of
different grades is mixed and blended
and turned out in about .three grades.
This butter brings the very highest
price in some of the best English mar
kets. Fresh Normandy rolls sell at
the best prices in the Paris and Lon
don markets. No good butter in Eu
rope is salted; it is a mark of poor
quality. Major Alvord.
Hoo1 and Bait Feeds.
A bulletin of the Geneva station
says: It is gratifying to note that the
anmixed, or what may perhaps fret
erly be tamed, the standard, feeding
stuffs, such as cotton-seed and linseed
oil meals, the gluten meals and feeds,
the brewer's residues and hominy
feeds, are of uniformly good quality
and are practically as good as tha
guarantees. The most numerous dis
crepancies between guarantees and
actual composition occur with the
mixed goods of which oat hulls are un
doubtedly a component These are
the goods which In many Instances
bear such brand names as'"chop feed."
"corn and oat feed." "mixed feed." etc..
which lead the purchaser to conclude
that the mixtures are made up of corn
and oats. They have the appearance
of being corn and oats, because corn
meal or hominy feed and oat hulls are
present The protein guaranteed is
usually less than 10 per cent often less
than 9 per cent, and in some brands
less than 8 per cent but even these
low percentages are not always main
tained because of an evident overdose
of the worthless oat hulls. The prom
inence of oat hulls In some of these
mixtures is seen in the large propor
tion of fiber which they carry. The
only grain product which supplies
fiber generously In oat hulls, and
when a mixture containing a consid
erable proportion of corn meal or
hominy feed shows 12 per cent of fiber
and upwards. It is safe to conclude that
oat hulls have been introduced. The
same is true often when the fiber is
less than 12 per cent.
Red Fyle Games.
The plumage of head and tho hackle
of the Red Pyle game cock varies from
Pair of Serf IMe Game.
bright orange to chestnut; back crim
son; breast white, laced with chestnut;
body white; wings crimson, trans
versed "vith a white bar; tail and tall
coverts white; the head of hen is
chestnut; hackle white, edged with
yellow; back white; breast salmon;
wings white or chestnut tinged; tail
white; shanks and feet of both, cock
and hen are yellow or willow. Red
Bed Pyle Game coekW
Pyles are similar in markings to the
Black-breasted Reds, white being sub
stituted for black.
Size or Flock.
What should be the size of a flock ot
hens. Some answer by saying fifty.
Some would keep a hundred or more
in a flock, and from foreign countries
come reports of thousands being kept
together with no effect to sub-divide.
However, we do not know what disas
ters come to those flocks as a result ot
such management We notice that in
this country the most progressive
poultrymen incline toward small flocks.
It is not unusual to see thousands of
birds divided into flocks of a dozen
fowls each, and each flock be given
a pen by itself. This makes it neces
sary to build long narrow houses, but
it is probably the only way to succeed.
Diseases spread very rapidly in a flock
when they once get started. Where
thousands are kept together the dan
ger and loss from this cause becomes
very great To keep the birds in good
health only few should be kept to
gether. There are men that perhaps
could manage large flocks and keep
them healthy, but the ordinary man
cannot be depended on to give the at
tention to a flock necessary to bring
such results.
Comparative Jadzlng'.
Comparative judging is the highest
class of work which the judge or stock
will be called upon to perform. By
way of training lor this he should go
into a herd or flock and pick out the
best individuals regardless of age, type
or breed. Afterwards he should study
animals of the same class but of dif
ferent ages and place them in accord
with their respective merits, as must
be done for example, in actual show
ring competitions, where animals from
G to 24 months of age may be exhib
ited against one another. Compara
tive judging is the most difficult of all
and can only be learned by constant
practice, coupled with a knowledge of
external indications and what the
present development of a point may
mean six months or two years hence.
Whether an individual will finally be
come a successful judge of stock will
depend on bis natural bent, his knowl
edge of the subject, and the amount of
practice he has. A competent all
around judge can only be developed by
actual experience and a good deal of it
Prof. A. M. Soule.
It is not a good plan to keep small
chicks in the same yard with large
ones, as the large ones will abuse the
small ones. In the case of hens with
chicks the hen will frequently attack
the small chicks viciously. The writer
has seen an old hen kill chicks belong
ing to another brood than her own.
A good many losses occur from this
cause.
The yolk of the egg is produced in
the ovary, and during its passage
along the oviduct, brcomes coated with
albumen. The chaiaza is formed by
the spiral motion of the egg. It also
receives its two protecting membranes
and its shell, and is then expelled apex
foremost
The annual "take" of salmon in the
Columbia river is about l.COO.000 fi3h.
Sixty million young oae3 from the
hatcheries were recently put in.
Looking for a soft snap means lying
on a hard bed.
naaaaaEavABEtJiSaaaavxalBaaaaaaaaflR'
MISSISSIPPI DRIFTWOOD
A Boon to M&ny Poor People Who Live Along
tho Biavnks.
Ullllll
A slight rise in the Mississippi up in
Kentucky, said an old river man, is a
blessing to many of the poorer classes
of this city. A three-inch rise up above
brings down a vast quantity of drift
wood, and at the floating docks of the
ferry landings great rafts are formed.
You can see the boys every evening
armed with long poles, with a spike
In one end and a coil of rope at the
other end. spearing the good pieces of
timber just as a whaler harpoons a
whale. They grow particularly expert,
and I noticed one boy a day or two ago
who could hit a log in the center the
first throw and bring it to bank. This
meant a supply of fuel. Many of the
parents of these little ones cannot buy
the fuel necessary to keep them warm,
and the river furnishes it sometimes
and sometimes it does not.
Much of the timber has been freshly
cut and left by the cutters oyer night,
when the river comes along and lands
it here. I saw two fine ash logs yester
day, enough to keep a family going
for a week, and the water had scarce
ly soaked through the bark. Of planks
there is a great plenty, and also some
barrels and all kinds of things. The
river is no respecter of timber or per
sons for that matter, and brings down
the farmer's barrel half filled with
pork just as readily as a water-logged
and useless trunk of a cypress tree. It
has often been a source of wonderment
Wild Horses
Quickly Tamed
issse&&fiH?&G&f&s&ss9&
Morton B. Smith.' an American horse
trainer, has been astonishing the na
tives in Paris by his wonderful meth
ods of subduing wild, unbroken and re
fractory horse's. Twenty minutes is
considered time enough to break in the
most unruly animal for riding or driv
ing. The method employed is exceedingly
simple, though none the less vigorous.
The horse to be broken is lassoed,
thrown and held down while being
bridied. To a stout girth strapped
around the horse's body are fastened
several cannon balls weighing about
six pounds each, a few sleigh bells and
other noise producers. Mr. Smith
takes tight hold of the end of a pair
of long reins attached to the bridle,
gives a signal to his assistants, who
release the animal, and braces himself
for the shock that follows.
Every wild plunge of the horse is
followed by a dozen thumps from the
swinging cannon balls on the back or
ribs. No animal handled by Mr. Smith
has fought for more than five or ten
minutes against this treatment. Tired
out and subdued they have submitted
quietly while being harnessed and
driven around the arena.
Six hundred French officers of all
ranks assembled a few days ago to
watch Mr. Smith attempt to tame a
number or vicious and refractory
horses provided by the French mill-
PROG AND COTTONJnOUTH
Sudden Reprieve of a Snake's Half Swallowed
Dinner in the Ozarks.
Early in the fall C. S. Nichols or
Chicago went to the Ozark regions as
the guest of the St. Francis club. This
is the place to which Col. Mose Wet
more of Nebraska takes Col. W. J.
Bryan of Lincoln. Neb., when the lat
ter colonel wishes to pillow his hea.l
upon the bosom of Mother Nature and
revivify his worn frame with the
juices of earth.
The St. Francis preserve include';
the St. Francis river, a clear, bold
stream which contains red-eyed bass,
sunfish. jackfish, catfish and dogfish.
It includes also a wilderness of moras?
and under water swampland which is
great for ducks, turtles and snakes.
It was in the swamp that Mr. Nichols
had a queer bit or luck.
Sitting, or squatting in the prow of
a pirogue with a swart Missouri guide
paddling in the rear, a way was forced
through a tangle of watergrowth and
trees. Four reet or muddy fluid was
undei the craft.
The strokes of the paddle were noise
less. The silence was dense. Then a
queer sound came, half a moan or
pain, half a gurgle.
Nichols looked at the guide, start
led. The guide motioned with one
hand ror stillness and forced the pi
rogue forward and to the' right. A half
dozen strokes brought them to the
edge of an opening, perhaps twenty
yards across.
On a large lily-pad in its center a
WAY TO SAVE MONEY.
Tonne Man Takas to Shabby Dress of
the Profaloaal "Cenlas"
"Perhaps you have noticed that I am
doing the artistic stunt in the matter
of my attire and personal appearance,"
said the engaged young man. "I have
come to the conclusion that if I am
ever to get married I must save mon
ey, and the only way I can save money
is by denying myself things I like.
"Now, I have always been fond of
dressing well, but that is a thing or
the past. Instead. I am doing the
genius pose. Notice my unkempt ap
pearance. I wear my hair long and
am raising a beard. I never learned
to shave myseir J on know, and that
in itscK is a considerable saving. I
wear shiny black clothes, a flowing
Windsor tie and an old soft hat with
a very broad brim the broader the
better.
"The people who do not know me
may take me for a tramp." he said,
with a smile, according to the Phila
delphia Record, "but for their opinion
I do not care. The people who do know
me merely think I am becoming es.-en-tric.
In the meantime I am saving
money, and that's the main thing."
TESTING A DIAMOND.
Bow to Distinguish a Good Specimen of
the Cam
"No," said the dealer, "you don't
need to be an expert in order to be
able to tell a good diamond from a
poor one. You need only to have com
mon sense and good eyes and a magni
fying glass. First ou examine the dia
mond's tabic. The table is the sur
face, and it should be perfectly flat and
perfectly octagonal. Then examine the
-
to me how many people da actually
live from the products of the river. I
have never seen the figures as to what
proportion of the population of the
valley subsist on fish and get their
wood from the overflows. I have been
from St Paul to New Orleans several
times, and at all of the river towns
you will find the boys ready for the
overflow season. This however. ap-
plies more particularly to the section
of the river below St Louis. But all
along there is the ashing industry, less
of it here than elsewhere, because Of
the proximity of salt water, but above .
here it is a flourishing business.
Seeing the boys spearing logs re
minds me of the case of a man who
agreed"to pay the negro fifty cents a
day if he would collect driftwood for
him. The negro worked faithfully and
the man was selling the timber at a
big profit, of course. Finally, at the
end of two years, after the white man
had grown too proud and too well off
to work, the negro found he had just
the same right to the timber the white
man had, and he was the maddest crea
ture in the boundaries of the United
States. He is not over it yet. In fact,
he was so disgusted he will not catch
wood even for himself.
A man's woman Is the kind that eaa
take him Into camp whenever she feels
like it
Americon Astsnishes
French Military Men
t9S&$G
tary authorities. The American train
er began with a horse called Idole, be
longing to Lieut. Labruyere of the
Ecole de Guerre. This animal, a very
fine horse, was useless to its owner. a3
it refused to be either saddled or har
nessed. As soon as Mr. Smith had ap
plied his methods to it it became like
a lamb, was saddled and bridled, har
nessed to a carraige. driven through
clouds of steam, made to face shriek
ing sirens, and allowed flags and open
umbrellas to be flapped in its face. At
the end of the quarter of an hour Mr.
Smith flung the reins on its back and
stood up in the carriage, while the
horse stood quietly facing rushing
clouds of steam.
An experiment with a pretty little
half-Arab mare belonging to Cap. Pen
elon. aide-de-camp of Gen. Brugerc,
was equally successful. She refused to
face steam, smoke, railway trains or
tramways, and had twice nearly killed
her rider by rearing right back on
him. At the end or twenty minutc3
she faced every possible nerve-trying
instrument in Mr. Smith's parapher
nalia, and was finally harnessed for
the first time in her lire to a carriage
and driven in double harness with tha
preceding horse, finally drawing up in
the midst of a Vesuvius or blazing and
cracking fireworks. Its owner declared
the result to be something approaching
the miraculous.
great cottonmonth moccasin was
coiled. Its eyes closed. From its hor
rible distended lips projected hair of
the body of a bulirrog which was un
dergoing the slow process of being
swallowed alive.
From it the moans came. There was
something babylike in the terror, of
its voice. As they looked it struggle
reebly and slipped half an inch down
the noxious gullet.
The guide shot the pirogue behind
the spake with one dig of his paddle
and smashed its vertebrae. It squirmed
violently, relaxed its Jaws and the frog
fell upon the lily-pad near it.
The snake rolled into the water. Th
frog sat dazsd for a minute. The liwci
part of its back and its hind less were
almost white. It panted hard and th-:
throbbing or its little heart could be
seen.
Then its wonderful vitality returned.
Gathering its muscular thighs nndw
its belly it leaped straight out a good
six feet and struck the water head
downward.
As it sprung it uttered one deep note
or praise, thanksgiving and gratitude.
Nichols swears that there was a trium
phant boom in its basso. He wish? .
that he had learned how to carry a
camera in a pirogue.
To sparo her child a grain of phyM-
cal pain the average woman will risk
its soul.
MWtM
circurarercnce. and ir that is round the
gem is. at least, you may be sure, well
cut.
"Now. ror flaws, you look into the
diamond, using the glass here, for the
reason that a flaw imperceptible to thu
naked eye will often lower a gem's
value 50 or 00 per cent. Flaws in dia-
monds resemble those little rcather
marks in ice that we so oMen see.
though scratches on the surface are
also flaws. If none. are to be found
you study next the color, remembering .
that the steel bine, because it is tho
most brilliant, is the most desirable
and costly hue. and that the white
comes next. Yellowish or off-color
atones are practically- worthless, but a
perfect violet or amber, or rose dia
mond brings a fancy price.
"Study nnally the depth and weight,
and if the depth is good you won't be
cheated if you pay $130 or $1C0 a carat
for your stone. Before the South
African war you'd only have to pay
$100. but 1150. thanks to this war.
and to the diamond trust, and to the
heavier customs duty, is' now the mar
ket price." Philadelphia Record.
Frost Falaco to F
The Duchess Rio de Ria?, who was
cne of the foremost figures in Parisian
society in the time of Napoleon III.,
died recently in the almshouse at
Simferopol. She entered the alms
house several years ago, after suffer
ing the most abject poverty. During
the time of fcer "gtory ia. Paris she is
alleged to have squandered In gambl
ing and otherwise a fortune of thres'
millions sterling.
The time to retire from business de
pends not so mack on your age as
your dollars. ...
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