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About The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911 | View Entire Issue (March 19, 1902)
". ' J Ji'.'rtir iKuta tuljt: .." r- rABL T "", - ' .- - ,.-iJ t MrM&"34 :a. . -..-,T'a.!? -5 "r " ? - ,-r ;" .. u - -'rt : ' ' . ta; r .- s . ,.?; 4 ' i - i -"'F7c n-c .wv r ft "V -. .-t M f l ' r t i ' r-I iS--V MMMW,awaaaUaUaUaUaUaUawSSSwBSSSwSSm . . .....a... a A-AAm l v - LK PARK AND GARDEN. MATTERS OF IMTEBEST TO AGM-OULTUMSTS. m a CeJeV ef the SeU w WUeeJtaie. Jnticmltmr oat Same. Oat smut is far store destructive to the oat crop tssn people imagine. Pro fessor Moore of Wisconsin says that last year 20 per cent of the oat crop of that state was destroyed by oat sssst. The amount in bushels lo6t taat year is placed by the Wisconsin agricultural college professors at 16, . bushels. This loss occurred in a year when the oat crop was very short. Professor Henry says that this lC.atMM bushels could have been thrown on the market without depress ing the market price of oats material ly. In case of a big crop of oats throughout the country such an addi tion wonld depress the price some, but not nnder conditions that existed last Tale ie.eOA.000 bushels of oats could have been saved to Wisconsin farmers if they had followed the advice that has been so repeatedly given them by the experiment station. For years now bvlletins have been widely circu lated through the state, telling the farmers how to treat their seed oats so as to avoid the smut In addition Professor Henry secured the publica tion of his instructions in this mat ter in more than 36s local papers pub lished in 'the state. But in spite of all these things it is the belief of the professor that not one farmer in 5,000 treated his seed oats last spring. He ays that the farmers are tnding fault because their taxes are high and com plain of tgeO.MO being spent on schools in the state, while they have permitted oat smut alone to rob them of many times' the amount Moreover, oat smut Is Increasing so rapidly in the state that if the farmers do not begin to treat their seed oats they will In a few years have to go out of the busi ness of growing oats. Professor Moore made some experi ments to determine the rapidity with which oat smut increases. He sowed sosm seed oats in which about two per cent of .the grains were smutted. The resulting crop had ten per cent of smat That seed was planted and the next crop had twenty per cent of smut Seed from that crop gave a crop of oats having 31 per cent of smut This 'shows what is likely to" happen if the farmers do not heed the advice given them. Smut spores do not live over In the ground, being unable to survive the winter. They are carried over only in the seed. This seed may be made safe by soaking in water and formalde hyde; the combination should be one pound of formaldehyde to 50 gallons of water. The oats should be put in sacks and dipped into the solution, be ing left there for twenty minutes or more. An boar will not hurt them. What is true of Wisconsin as to smut is also true of many other states in the Union where oats are grown ex tensively. Everywhere the farmers should dip their oats to prevent the smut CeM Stems Heeaea. The cold storage warehouse Is a thing that the farmer can well consid er. By it he can save not only vast nuaatities of vegetables that now go to waste but he can save losses In the sale price by being able to carry his produce over the time when there is a congestion of farm produce in the markets. Hitherto the farmer has re lied very largely on his cellar as the means of keeping his produce. Once In a while a cellar is so built and so handled by those in charge of It that It does the work fairly well, but for the most part the cellar has proved to be a poor place in which to keep perishable farm produce. At Neoga. Illinois, Is a cold storage house constructed under the direction of the University of Illinois and owned by the university. It was completed last summer and filled with perishable produce. The ice room was filled with 70 tons of ice, 20 tons of which have melted to date. The 50 tons now in the house are melting so slowly that they promise to hold the temperature at its present point for a very long period. For some months now the temperature has been 33 degrees, one degree above freezing. All through the fall this temperature maintained itself. Even when the very cold weather came in December the temperature in the storage house did not fall, but re mained stationary. This is rather re markable when we consider the fact that no fire was kept in the building to in any way balance the greater cold outside. A small variation might have been expected. The insulation is so perfect that no variation at all results. The melting of the first 20 tons of ice was due to the heat in the produce stored in the building. When that heat had been taken out the expenditure of tee became almost nothing. The construction of the building is on the most approved plans. The ma terials used are wood and building paper. Dead air spaces' are so ar ranged that the passage of heat waves is prevented. The building cost $3, M0 and will pay for itself in storage fees in less than three years. Prod ace kept at a temperature of 33 de- be held almost indefinitely. Ce-eeeratlve Fralt Helling (Farmers Review Special Report) At the Wisconsin Horticultural Meeting C. E. Basset of Michigan said in part: One of the first drawbacks we had to contend with in the Michigan fruit belt was the cost of transportation. The location of our orchards is such that we can patronize either the rail road or the boat lines, bat there has been no competition between them. An i abi est company operated over the fruit train for about 14 years, furnish ing very poor service and stubbornly maintaining a six and one-half cent rats ssi small baskets to Chicago. We bid bo organization and the efforts of individuals to get better or cheaper servtse were of no effect The season of Its brought such low prices for fruit that it-was evident that some tbJng mast be done and co-operation resorted to. The Fennville Fruit ' association was organised in 19)1 and the "Granger System" of shipping fruit was adopted. The suc- C our association nnder this plan sen wonderful. We have a local of the association who receipts for aad loads the frnlt into ventilated can, holding about 2.5M assail bas kets each, far which he receives $2.50 per car. A special fast trait train Marts from Fennville at six o'clock svery evening. Saturdays excepted, for Jhirago - The cars are all billed to itnairBfit who does the attends to the freight etc, receiving for this service IMi As a result of this co-operation, wa have been able to secure the adoption of a standard climax package, which has resulted in a saving In their cost of more than one-halt The freight rate has bean lowered from the ex press rate of six and one-half senta to two and one-half cents and. the boat lines having to meet this competition. every shipper In our fruit belt has been eaually benefited by the operation of our association, whichever way he shipped. The association has actually reduced the cost of packages and trans portation to about one-third of what it was under the old plan. The very first year the association did business it saved one large grower fully tl,aaf. In one year our fruit section shipped 6,000,000 small baskets of peaches, and the saving to the growers that year was over $208,000. Not only have we obtained better service at much leas cost but it has' been done with a cash profit, to the association. This profit amounting to many thousands of dollars, has been expended in the grading and graveling of our public highways, until we now have reconstructed several miles of first-class roads. Before our associa tion undertook this work, 200 or 2bo baskets were considered a good load, while now our teams handle more easi ly 500 to 700 baskets. By our unity of action we have also gotten the rail road to donate 300 cars of gravel for this road building. We have five central packing houses at Fennville. Tha foremen and pack ers, having no interest In the fruitV pack top and bottom alike, and every basket can thus be guaranteed. Cabs Teaaeee FreaneeU. On account of the very dry weather during November aad December the tobacco crop in Pinar del Rio Province will give a yield below the average; in some localities of the province, where timely showers fell, the crop is very good, and a considerable amount of leaf of a good quality was cut dur ing the last few days of December; but over large areas, and especially in the hill region of the province, where the dry weather was long- continued, the prospects for even a fair yield are dis couraging. In the localities of western Havana with irrigating facilities the crop is in a very satisfactory condi tion, but elsewhere the injurious ef fects of dry weather are very marked. In extreme eastern Santa Clara Prov ince the rainfall has been fairly abund ant and a very good yield of tobacco is anticipated; in the other tobacco sec tions of that province an urgent need of rain existed throughout December. Ee Katie. An English writer says: Egg eating is generally acquired from the break age of soft eggs, which creates an ap petite for the delicate food. We do not believe it ever due to a craving for lime. Some think that eating broken-up egg shells leads to the habit and possibly whole or half- shells might do so. Whatever the cause, the vice is most inveterate when once ac quired. The only possibility of real cure depends upon isolating the crim inal, which is also necessary to pre vent her contaminating the others. She should be provided with a regular supply of egg-shells carefully emptied and refilled with nauseous materials if possible of yellow color. Sometimes fresh-made mustard is rejected, but we have seen hens eat it unconcernedly. Carbolated vaseline, however, is al ways, we think, turned from with loathing. There should always be such an egg near the nest Adamlatatratlea ef Feed te swla. Professor Henry in "Feeds and Feed ing," says: Sucking pigs take nourish ment from the dam about every two hours, and we may accept Nature's guidance for the frequency of feeding very young animals. At weaning time the pigs should receive feed at least three times daily, with water always accessible. Since the digestive tract of this animal is of limited volume, prob ably the best results in fattening can be obtained with three-feeds daily; but the habit controls here as elsewhere, and stockmen can easily accustom their animals to expect feed moraine and evening only, meanwhile being content Since meal when dry Is more slowly masticated than when moistened, it might be supposed that the greater ad dition of saliva consequent upon slow eating would increase the digestibility of meal so fed; but the trials so made favor moistening the 'feed with water. ,Waea to BUachUr a Pic When to slaughter a pig must de pend on what we have to feed him, and the price at which feed is selling in the market The price of pork also cuts some figure, but not so much as the price of feed. For instance, this year in some localities pig feed is so high in price that every pound of additional weight put on costs ten cents, which is far above the highest market price possible. Where the hog raiser lives near a creamery and can get skim milk at a low figure, or near a cheese factory and can get whey for prac tically nothing, it often pays to keep the pigs till they are of good size, even when other feeds are high. This year a good many pigs are being got rid of as soon as they attain a weight of 150 pounds. Sweet Cera. Sweet corn is considered very com mon table food among farmers, but in the cities it is highly valued. The ho tels use it a great deal and keep it on their tables as long as it can be secured. The men that cater to this trade use many varieties of corn and plant at different times so they will have a succession. Therefore the cit izens and the patrons of hotels get sweet con) for weeks and months. Not so the family of the farmer. In most cases the corn is all planted at about the same time, and the green corn is at its best for use for but a abort time. IaualgTattoa Statistics. Below is given a statement of the rise and fall of immigration to the United States: From 1867 to 1873 An increase from 298,900 in the former year to 459,800 in the latter. , From 1874 to 1878 A decline from 313,300 to 138,400. From 1879 to 1882 An increase from 177,800 to 788,990. From 1883 to 1886 A decline from 603,300 to 334.200. From 1887' to 1892 A general In crease from 490.000 to 623.000. From 1893 to41898 A decline from 502,'JOO to 229.200! From 1899 to 1901 An increase from 311,700 to 522,573. . , The increase in 1901 is emphasized by the fact that, while the immigra tion, as usual, was greatest during the spring and early summer mnath it ! was above normal during the months cf-fall nd early winter. DAIRY AND POULTRY. MTHESTMQ OHAPTERi FOB OUft UAL HEADER. ef the nana A Few its aa to tew Cafe ef Uve Sfea Fffetoit, From Farmers' Review: In a large number of agricultural journals as well as in the Associated Press dispatches to the dally papers, there recently ap peared a report of the -test of a Hol stein cow st the Minnesota' Experiment Station, wherein the yield of milk was 84 lbs. in seven days, and from which t was calculated by Babcock test that t9 lbs. 5.7 oa. of butter might have oeen produced. Upon, this record-the daim Is based that the "world's butter record has been broken." I believe It is customary when an in dividual (be he sew,' horse or man) holds a record for performance in any line, to concede him the championship until some other Individual shows a better performance In the same line. And inasmuch as the cow, for whom the world's record is claimed' In this test made no butter whatever, I think it due the present holder of the cham pionship to contest the claim. It would be just as consistent to deprive a trotting champion of his record by comparing it with one made by a gal loper; or to create a new mile record oy estimating the time from that made n a furlong spurt The Holstein cow did not make a butter record any more than the runner makes a pacing record. But there Is another and more ob vious reason why this is not; "the world's butter record." Even if the cow's milk had been churned and pro duced 29 lbs. 5.7 os. of butter in seven days, she would not be the champion butter cow. A number of better rec ords lie between her and the cham pionship. In the Jersey breed alone there are fifteen cows with weekly butter records of 29 lbs. 12 oz. or bet ter. Thirteen of these are published in the American Jersey Cattle Club's butter test book; and of the thirteen, five are official tests, vouched for by members of the club appointed by the president to oversee them. From this you can see that the claim of a "world's butter record" for the Holstein is entirely unsubstantiated, and I think in justice to the breeders of Jersey cattle this refutation should be published in those papers that reach stockmen and dairymen who have no doubt read the claim. In some papers it has been stated that the "seven-day milk record" Is also broken by this 584-lb. yield. If that Is true, what are we to think of the reported yields in the Holstein test book of over 00 lbs. by eight cows, the two largest (707 lbs and 682 lbs.) being made respec tively at the Texas and Michigan Ex periment Stations? It appears that the claim for a milk record is about as reckless as it is for butter. Harry Jenkins. Dairy Netea. Whether cheesemaking or butter making be best for a community must depend on the use being made in that community of the by-products of milk. When there is no profitable way of using skimmilk the whole milk can be made into cheese. Where the milk can be fed to calves, pigs or poultry, butter making is profitable. Butter making does not impoverish a farm if the skimmed milk is fed to farm ani mals, and in that way returned to the land. In cheesemaking the nitrogen and phosphorus are sold off the farm. e a Bad milk can be produced without the producer being aware of It There is a difference between cleanliness and supposed cleanliness The methods that have been handed down to us are looked upon as cleanly. They are so considered except where the light of science is turned on them. Then they are found full of faults. The unin structed dairyman milks his cows in a barn that has not been cleaned out for twelve hours. The air is heavy with bad odors. He is careful to have the milk clean and when it is drawn nothing but white froth covers the tops of the pails. But when he has milked one cow he hangs the pail of milk on a peg behind the cows and goes to milking another cow. Thought lessness is the cause of the milk being left in the uncovered pail behind the cows. But all of this time the milk already drawn is taking in odors from the stench-laden atmosphere around it High-flavored butter will never be made from that milk. Fewla for the Farmer. From Farmers' Review: I find the Barred Plymouth Rocks the most prof itable fowls to raise on the farm. I find their eggs more fertile than the eggs of other breeds a larger per cent or them hatch. The chicks are very easily raised when properly cared for. They grow very fast and feather quickly. They are ready for market at an early age. When properly fed, the pullets will lay eggs when other breeds are doing nothing but consuming ra tions. What is nicer than a flock of evenly barred Plymouth Rocks? On 'my farm I have tried the following Dreeos: Black Langshan, Buff Coch in, Brown Leghorn, Light Brahma. I have found most of them good, but the Plymouth Rocks are best for the farmer. I would not confine my praise to the Barred Rocks alone, for I be lieve the Buff and White Plymouth Rocks are both good. They might be better for the general farmer on ac count of seeping their color with lit tle care. It takes a good deal of care to keep the Barred Plymouth Rocks up to the standard in color. I think the general farmer can make the most money out of poultry by hav ing one breed and keeping it pure and producing for market keeping only his best pullets. He should have a good warm house for them and get from them as many eggs as possible. He should always dispose of all hens over two years of age unless they are very valuable, for old and young hens :annot be kept together with profit rhe amount of feed necessary to keep foung hens in laying condition will keep old hens too fat This means keeping them at a loss. I would ad vise a farmer to keep his, best cocker els for sale, as breeders. Advertise '.hem in some good journal; this will field a profit far above what he would -ecelve by selling them to the poultry iealer. B. E. Edwards. Saline County. Illinois. Whey f er Flg Relative to whey as a food for pigs, i speaker at a New York farmers' in stitute said: Whey is worth a good leal more than we get out of it as a rule. About one-half of the total sol ids of the milk when made into cheese pass off In whey. All the- milk sugar about five pounds the albumen, the ish. some fat and a small per cent of iaseine. making fully six pounds, go Into the whey vat Whoa this whey Is used just ss It comas from tha ohuata vat, If It be fad to fian, with wheat middlings, fully seven coats par hun dred ponds may be got out of it As a rule, however, we do not get half that I have experimented and know that whey is worth mora for tending nigs than for any other purpose. It you will next spring spend tha tisM you do In figuring down tha maalac price of cheese a fraction of a cent and use it in devising some method of better utilizing the whey product, you will be better paid. "It Is almost a perfectly balanced food; that is, tba solids of It But as there are but six pounds of these solids in 109 pounds of whey, the balance being-water, It will he seen there Is only a small per cant of the whole that Is valuable. FreSt la The best chance to profit by the tra duction of capons would be In canon izing late chicks that ordinarily would be fit for market as broilersor roasters when the prices are lowest, aad too old to sell as tender chickens in Jan nary and February. Cockerels that were hatched in Jnne, July or August, especially if of the large, early-maturing kind, like Plymouth Rocks and Wyandottes crossed on Brahnus or Langahans, castrated in September, October and November and marketed in March, April, May and June, when they would have reached their best would be the most profitable aad bring the highest price. Such birds are oft en sold alive bv the nound very low in 1 the city markets or by those that have V no room to winter them. Fanners that have cheap food and are far from ship ping points, and therefore kill aad ship all at one time in cold weather, might profitably make capons of all roosters. Those who keep birds until maturity for their own table should do tha same. There will be little gained by canonizing birds in May or Jane if they are to be marketed by Christmas, as the birds have not sufficient time to fill out Bulletin 26, R. I. Experiment Station. Cetteaieed Steal la the Dairy. From Farmers' Review: Our ex perience in feeding cotton seed meal Is somewhat limited. We fed it two years ago and one year ago during the winter. The first season we fed some what extensively; the second only to a very limited extent The first win ter we had only good results, except that some of our cows did not respond and some of them to so small an extent that we took the cotton seed meal from them, as there was no profit in feeding it. The balance of our herd paid a good profit on the cost of the meal. The second season we fed it we were troubled some by scouring among our cows; different cows at different times in x different, stables. At that time we did not know what was the cause of the trouble, but since we are inclined to think that the cotton seed meal was adulterated. We fed from three-quarters to a pound and a -half per day per cow. We have had no trouble from' over feeding. We do not know what might be the maximum amount it would be safe to feed. Baldwin Bros., Lenawee County, Mich igan. ttsaae Fowls. This is the celebrated race of fowls, bred from time immemorial for the purposes of the cock pit, and In which courage was so developed by the severe selection of combat that a breed waa finally obtained that did not know how to yield. Happily cock fighting in England is now a thing of the' past, except among a very few, who carry on their cruel sport upon the sly. ' But it is very interesting to notice that this cessation of the old purpose for which it was bred has worked gradu ally a very great change in the shape and formation of the game fowl. The modern exhibition race Is very differ ent in many respects from the old fighting race. The old fowl was mod erately short on the leg, not very long in the neck, not short in feather, but with a full hackle and with a rather large fanned and spreading tail, car ried tolerably high. All these points have been changed. Lewis Wright Rape for Hog" This coming year a good many swine breeders will sow a field of rape for their hogs. The practice is a good one and it is growing. It has stood the test of experience, and has become one of the recognized swine foods. About ten years ago it came to this country from England and has since rapidly increased in reputation among the men that have tried it Its greatest value perhaps Is in being succulent In say ing this we do not forget its nutritive value. But like the turnip the amount of water it contains reduces to a com paratively low point the nutritive values based on bulk of plant More and more we are coming to realize the great value of succulence ( juclness) in the feeds we give our animals. Who ever buys seed for sowing should insist on getting the Dwarf Essex rape. There are several other kinds, most of them of little value for forage. Clatea Fees with Grata. At the Cornell University Experi ment station, a test was made of the comparative feeding values of ground wheat and corn meal, and also' of a mixture consisting of 26 pounds of gluten 'feed and 100 pounds corn meal. The gluten feed and corn meal mixture was prepared so as to have the same nutritive ratio as ground wheat To each of the three lots of animals skim milk was fed alike. The results of the experiment are reported in Bulletin No. 89. Wheat alone made a some what better showing than corn meal. "The corn meal lot consumed the least food and made the least growth, while the mixed corn and gluten meal gave the greatest gain and produced cheaper pork than ground wheat" The exper iment showed that neither wheat nor corn, when fed alone, produced the best results. A Taamwerth-Jeney-ReS fim. Dr. Jordan, director of the Geneva Experiment station, New York, was re cently asked as to what was being done there with the Tamworth breed of hogs. He replied: We have a Tarn worth male In our pens and are cross ing him on the Jersey- Reds. He has less hair and we believe the cross will make a good bacon pig. Some -farmers object to the long nose of the lam worth, but I do not care for that We cannot afford to grow pork for pack ing here. Its day has gone la this state. Bacon for home use and export is now in best demand. Batter Freai Aastralla. Of 37,500 tons of batter imported la London, all but about 12,000 from Australia. It's what you do, not what you say yon are going to do. that counts, A man who never made a fool of himself is unable to appreciate human sympathy. WITH THE Tales Told by Old Soldiers Whitman's Tribute to LincolQ. tt Is nearly thirty-seven years since .Abraham Lincoln, the matchless Amer ican, went out Into the night He saw the light of victory, though, before he fell asleep. He saw bis mighty men at arms, bronzed, bearded and resolute, their great triumph complete, all ready to march down Pennsylvania avenue preparatory to disbanding among the farms and fields and workshops that they had quitted for the fields of war. He saw Old Glory advanced to the peak of every spar in the republic. He saw the Union restored and the blessings of human freedom saved vo the race. Therefore, ray masters, mayhap it is well that he rested when was fully completed the long, weary task of the salvation of the country. And here will one of the youngest of Lincoln's soldiers lay down his pen, first saying over once more those noble snd Immortal lines of Walt Whitman, the good, gray poet: "O Captain! My 'aptaln! our fearful trip is done; .. The ship has weathered every rock, the prise we sought Is won; The port Is near, the bells I hear, the people an exulting. While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel KTim and daring. But O heart! heart! heart! O the bleeding drops or rea. where on the deck my captain lies, Fallen cold and dead. "O Captain! My Captain! rise up and hear the bells; Rise up! for you the flag Is flung for you the bugle trills, For you bouquets and ribboned wreaths for you the shores a-crowdlng; their eager faces turning, their eager faces turning. Here Captain, dear father! This arm beneath your head! It Is some dream that on the deck You've fallen cold and dead, i "My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still: My father does not feel my arm, he has nor pulse nor will; The ship is anchored safe and sound. Its voyage closed and done. From fearful trip the victor ship comes In with object won. Exult O shores! and ring O bells! But I with mournful tread. Walk the deck my Captain lies, Fallen cold and lead." Aaeedete ef Gee. Kelsoa. "I had a scrap once with Gen. son," said an old soldier recently. Nel "In all my service in West Virginia up to January, 1862, I had acted on the the ory that a commissioned officer had privileges in the way of standing in line of battle early in the morning. I, in common with the other captains in the regiment, issued strict orders for my company to turn out in the morn ing and stand the required time in line, but I remained in bed. I continued this practice, after we went to Kentucky and were assigned to Nelson's division, early in 1862, and all the other com pany commanders did the same. "The scheme worked well for two mornings, and then Nelson issued an order that every commissioned officer from colonel down should appear fully accoutered with his men in line of bat tle. We laughed at this and agreed to stand together in ignoring the order. But the next morning just after the bugle at division headquarters sounded reveille, there was a commotion along thd line o'f officers' tents. Nelson was storming through camp, slapping at tents with his sword and routing out colonels, majors, captains and lieuten ants. "Half awake, I was wondering what it was all about, when Nelson roared in at my own tent: 'Get out of there, you son of a gun; get out or I will have you shot; get out, you son of a gun,' and then a slit was cut in my tent and Nelson glared in at me swear ing. I sat up on my cot, and pretend ing to be only half awake, took up my heavy boots and hurled them one after another at the opening through which the general was peering, shout in the meantime, T don't know who you are and I don't care. I am no son of a gun take that back or I won't budge.' In stantly the general replied: 'You gotohellsir I take it back. You are a great big, fine-looking, lazy officer, dis obeying my orders and setting a bad example to your men. You ought to be ashamed of yourself." Brave Sailors ef Other Wars. In a sort of despair over the contin ued crop of nettles springing from the Schley case, some one in a Philadel phia paper says "it will dim the glory of the greatest victory ever won upon the sea." The writer of that judg ment could not have been familiar with the times of Farragut. Win slow and -Worden. Farragut with the Hartford and many other wooden ships on the Mississippi, in the fight with Forts Jackson and St. Philip and with rams, gunboats and fire rafts, at Mobile, where he had himself lashed in the rigging to overlook the battle, ordered his wooden ships to ram at full speed, bow on. The rebel ram at Tennessee did not fire a gun after the Hartford struck it "When the Kearsarge met the Ala bama off Cherbourg in armament they were evenly matched. They fought in circles, closing in. With either of these battles (and several more might be named) neither battle of the Spanish war is to be named In comparison. The enemy's ships were not mere targets from which you could draw away for breakfast, a cup of 'coffee, or a "loop.:' Both combat ants were of the give and take kind, and the battles were won by the most consummate skill and bravery. Would it not be well for the present generation to read some naval history, and learn what our naval battles have been where the combatants were somewhere near matched? Farragut was the son of a Spaniard and Win slow a native of North Carolina. But 1joth fought the battles of the union to a finish, and their deeds should never be overlooked. Boston Trans cript Oa the Wrong Side. "The pension debate in the house a few days ago was very interesting to us Southern Democrats," said Repre sentative Kluttz, in the Democratic cloarkroom, when he had touched on some reminiscences. "It recalls an in cident of a Fourth of July celebration in my younger days." The crowd gathered around, for Mr. Kluttz is a prince of story-tellers. "You know, many Hessians settled in North Carolina after the revolutionary war." continued the warm-hearted Tar Heel. "Their descendants are among our very best citizens to-day. Those soldiers marched down through that country with Cornwallis: many of them fell out of the ranks, took up farms, married our girls, ind. in fact, were very, glad to become American citizens. WeU. in sty boihool days, no VETERANS Fourth of July celebration was com plete without a soldier of .the revolu tion. By 'the year I have In mind these patriots had become very scattering, and the country was scoured to secure such a soldier. The jubilant citizens placed the hoary veteran in the same carriage with the orator of the day. He rode through the streets of the town in triumph, and occupied a seat on the platform. The enthusiasm over the recital of " revolutionary achieve ments waxed great, and th6 celebration was nearly over when some inquisitive person asked the veteran what battles he bad been in. "'I was at Trenton, sir,' came the reply in the deep-throated voice of the German, for such he was. "'Ah, then, you must have crossed the Delaware with Washington. "No oh, no,' answered the subject of so much popular adoration, in a feebler voice. 'I was on the other side.' " Meeds ef the Xatleeal Gaards, Unanimous sup'port is given by prom inent officers of the National Guard in Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa, Michigan and Indiana to the bill recently introduced n congress for increasing the efficiency of the militia. The citizen-soldiers say the bill, if it becomes a law, is bound to improve the service, at the same time placing at the command of the federal government a reserve force ca pable of meeting all emergencies. Since the Spanish-American war there practically has been a complete reorganization of the National Guard in the five states named, and the guard now is on the same basis as that gov erning the regular army. A consequent marked improvement has been the re sult yet it is admitted that there are limitations which the state govern ments cannot hope to overcome with out the aid of the general government. First in importance of the needs ol the National Guard, which the bill is designed to fill, is the lack of equip ment In arms and stores. National Guard officers who are conversant with the condition of the troops in their re spective states particularly approve that section of the bill which provides the National Guard with the regular armv pattern smokeless powder maga zine rifles and carbines. The officers say this need was made clear during the Spanish-American war. Phrase Cetaed by Gee. Grant, "By the way," said Capt Munn, "Gen. Grant coined a good many phrases that have come into very general use. In January, 1862, I and three others were with General Grant when he made a reconnoissance from Fort Holt to Columbus, Ky. Near the latter place the fly of a tent had been spread, and under this Gen. Grant and myself were awaiting the return of a scout whom Grant had sent forward to discover whether there were any signs of the enemy. "We had not waited long when the scout rode up in a state of great ex citement, his horse fairly covered with foam. Gen. Grant went out quietly to meet him, and after a few moments' conversation returned to the tent as quietly as he had gone and said to me and the others. 'We must get out of here or we will be gobbled up." That was the first time I ever heard the expression used in that way. and I have always believed that Grant originated it, just as he originated the phrase 'bottle up.' which he applied to General Butler later in the war. We rode away quietly but rapidly. Gen. Grant showing no excitement over his narrow escape from the clutches of the enemy." Chicago Inter-Ocean. First Casualty la Keeeat War. Delegate Marcus A. Smith of Arizona, at the Arlington, says: "i can state positively that the first man injured in the late war was Marshall Bird, a Rough Rider. He was hurt in the prac tice camp of the First volunteer cav alry at San Antonio. At troop drili one day Bird's horse a c-n little cow pony ran away with him. He tore across the plain into a clump o tim ber. Upon entering the woods he headed straight for a tree, swerved tc one side and bucked as he reached it, with the result that Bird was pitched headforemost against the trunk. He was picked up for dead, but the sur geon removed the pieces of broker skull and finally sent him to a hospi tal in Oakland. Cal. He is still there never having fully recovered. H mind is affected, and he draws a total disability pension of 575 a month." Washington Post. May Keorsaalze Militia. A bill for the reorganization of state militia prepared by the war depart ment has been introduced into bott houses of congress. Strange to say, nc change has been made in the Federal militia laws for 110 years. Under th law of 1792 congress may organize, am. and discipline the militia, and exercise control over troops employed in Fed eral service, but training and officering are reserved to the state. The object of the new bill is to introduce a larger element of Federal influence and con trol into tho organization. Hoaor Cesaaiedere Baraette. Commodore W. J. Barnette, U. S. N., just before he was relieved from command of the scboolship Saratoga, at Philadelphia, was presented with a silver loving cup by all the officers who have served under him, with their names inscribed on the cup and the inscription: "In token of the high regard, and esteem of the officers who had the privilege of serving undei his command on the Saratoga." Com mander Barnette was in command of the Saratoga for three years. Dtetlagetohea1 SeMler Dead. MaJ. Joseph Hunter McArthur, re tired, who died recently at Chicago was graduated from West Point in 1849 and assigned to the infantry. Wher the civil war broke out he was captair of the Fifth United States cavalry anc served during a portion of that wai as lieutenant-colonel of the Sixtl Pennsylvania cavalry. He was pro moted major. Third United State: cavalry, in 1863, and was retired Nov 2. 1863. for disability incurred in th line of duty. Te Traasfar SeMler BeSlea. The remains of former soldiers bur ied at Fort Meigs cemetery, Ohio, ar to be reinterred in 'a national ceme tery, and Capt. W. S. Biddle. Four teenth infantry, has beep ordered tc make a record of the names and-otho fect3 in connection therewith. , THE ART OF ORATORY Succoa Da CKIof ly oft The mere effort to express one's self n lucid and convincing- language be !bro aa audience is. perhaps, the great est self-developer a man can use. It rings into play almost all his mental tnd moral qualities. The power of .combination, of analysis, of synthesis, sf magnetism, of personality, of men ality; all these are put to the test, and ire called upon to contribute their best To an earnest student training for aratory. which, in its broadest sense, ihould include a close study of Ian suage, literature, old and new, history, indent and modern, men, women, and xmdltions of the past and present, must, of necessity, prove a moral, spir itual, and intellectual awakener. says I. Lincoln Book in Success. The function of the orator has been :hus described: "To give to the no alest thoughts the noblest expression; :o penetrate the souls of men. ana aaake them feel as. If they were new reatures conscious of new powers and loftier purposes; to cause truth and justice, wisdom and virtue, patriotism and religion to appear holler and more majestic things than men ever dreamed of before; to delight as well as con There Was a Distinctions, Both Soldiers of High Rtvnk. but in Dtfforont Armies. Dr. Edward King, the venerated and saintly Bishop of Lincoln. In England, is now much advanced in years and somewhat infirm. Recently be has been visiting Bournemouth for his health, and T. P. O'Connor, in his "M. A. P.." tells the following story of the venerable prelate's visit to that sea side health resort: After resting for some time one afternoon on a seat on the "Parade" the Bishop desired to more, but, owing to his age and in firmity, found some difficulty in rising. A kind hearted little girl of the town noticed his trouble and ran up, saying: "Oh. let me help you." The good bishop beamed upon the child with one of his sweetest smiles, and the smile of the bishop is very sweet, indeed. "You are a dear little maiden," he said, "but I do not think you are strong enough." "Why. bless you, sir," was the re ply. "I've often helped up daddy when he was a sight worse drunk than you are." O'Connor says the truth of this story CHURCHES DECKED WITH PEARLS. When the stranger arrives at Seville and Toledo and the guides conduct him to the cathedrals of these old cities, he is struck with their mag nificence and the abundance of the pearls which are their finest decora tions. These pearls came from the bay of Panama, and date from the epoch when the Spaniards, at the zenith of their glory, made the con quest of America, says the Jewelers' Circular Weekly. These Panama pearls rival the most beautiful pearls of the Orient. Quite recently, in the spring of 1899. a lad of 15 years found an oyster contain ing a pearl which was sold at Paris for 50,000 francs. For his portion he received 20.000 francs. A considerable quantity of pearls procured at Panama are sent to Xcw York, where they do not lack pur chasers. One consignment exceeded in value 750.000 francs. The island pearls are thus denominated on ac count of the archipelago in which the oyster fisheries arc carried on. It is opposite the bay of Panama. The archipelago is composed of sixteen islets, in which are thirty to forty NEW CHURCH AT NOME. CoBgregAtloiialUts Ballit and Ran the Only One in CSold Town. The congregation having outgrown the first building, it became necessary to erect another at once. An appeal made on Feb. 25. 1900, to the miners of the camp for volunteer labor brought out twenty-five men the first morning. They came with' picks and shovels and began to clear on the four feet of snow that covered the ground. Some days as many as seventy men worked upon the building, nearly all giving their services. Through weath er often below zero they worked on, and by March 17, inside of the twenty one days, the new churrh was com pleted. It is one of the best buildings in the city and will seat 500. Chairs are used for seating and the American flag Is prominent in the decorations. The church was dedi cated on the first Sunday of September, free of debt. After a public offering a balance of $200 remained, but the trus tees announced that they would as sume the debt. Upon this an ex saloonkeeprr and a Roman Catholic came forward and asked permission to contribute the $200, which was glad ly granted. The cost of the buildins and lot has been about $10,000. The church through its services and reading room and library has rendered splendid service to the people of Nome. In the dark winter dajs the men in their shacks and cabins do not rise be fore 11 or 12 o'clock. After breakfast ing and doing their chores they go to the reading room, where they can find companionship, good books, light and heat. With coal at $50 a ton. a warm room in that cold northland counts for something. Those thus served by the church, when an appeal was made for help in building a new edifice, gladly responded. The first building is now used as i:hwir anfi rpadlne room. It contains over 1,500 books and periodicals. It i snnnorted by the church at a tosi of about $73 per month. There are three great institutions at ftome-me -., r h preat trading companies. the saloons and the congregational church. It costs about 33,aWJ per year to carrv on the church and its de partments, says the New York Mail and Express. It is entirely sen-supporting. The edifice is crowded both morning and evening and is a veri table beacon light in that great north land. Girl' Oarias Feat. i .aarna narlv ncssiblc that a airl of IS should save nearly fifty people from a terrible death. Yet that is what w i F7 CsNtatant vince; to charm, to win. to arouse, to calm, to enlighten, to persuade this Is the function of the orator." Surely, taia la a noble mission. A! youth who undertakes to develop his powers with a view to fulfilling its ro qulrements. even if he never attains eminence as a public speaker, cannot fail to have a broader mentality, wider culture, higher ideals, a more vigorous, well rounded character than if he had never aspired to be aa orator. Like everything that is worth hav ing, the power of effective speaking can only be developed by continual effort, by reading with a purpose, with con stant study, by independent thought and by frequent practice in debate or speaking to audiences. Association with the great thinkers of the past and present through their writing, and with the eloquent orators of to-day through their spoken words, whether on public platform or In the pulpit, are powerful aids to the youth who is ambitious to become a ready and eloquent speaker. "Through thick and thin' !.' Is front the "Faery Quecne." - f0 is vouched for by a Canon of Ely, so it must be true. A story of Gen. Sir Charles Tucker is not quite so good, but is as well au thenticated. The general was oa his way out to India, when he found that there was another Gen. Tucker on board the ship Gen. Booth Tucker of the Salvation Army. As the P. & O. boat came alongside to land passengers at Port Said and the gangway was. crowded a woman was overheard to say to her companion: "My dear, there , are two General Tuckers aboard. I hear. Can you point out to me which, is which?" This was said in the hear ing of the bluff general, -who was standing right in front of them. Turning sharply around and point ing to the other Tucker he said: "Madam, that is the Salvation Tucker; I. in contradistinction, am known-as the Damnation Tucker." New York Press. "It beggars description" in "Antony and Cleopatra." is found Rare Treasures the Bay sf Panama Yielded to Spaniards small villages of negroes and Indians. The soil is fertile but the principal oc cupation is that at the fisheries. The largest isle, called Rey, alone embraces half of the population. San Miguel is' the chief place of the fisheries, and there is a very fine church. The in habitants are nearly all blacks. They are descended from the negro popula tion, from whom the Spaniards learned the advantage they could de rive from the island riches. In cer tain of the islands there must havo been diamond beds. Some fine rough diamonds were formerly procured. There are two systems for carrying on pearl fishing in the bay of Pana ma. In certain spots, where the yield is the most abundant, it it necessary to pay the government a very high tax. At other points the tax is small, but a percentage on the pearls discov ered is added to it. Generally, these pearls are rather small. They usually bring from 3 to 50 francs each. Those which reach 150 to 300 francs are al ready much less in number. "And there, though last, not least." is from Skelton's "Colin Clout." Rmrp Rassell dill, who may well be called the Grace Darling of Australia. It happened one day in December that a vessel was wrecked off the coast ol Australia. The lifeboat on board the steamer was lowered, but it capsized and the eight people in it were drown ed. So the rest of the crew clung to the sinking steamer. The surf ran so wildly that no one could dare swim through it, and there was not a house or rerson in sight. The girl, who was a splendid horsewoman, was riding along with a native servant. She caught sisht of the vessel in distress Turning her horse's head toward the coast she started him on a quick gal lop. When she reached the sea she urged her horse into the angry surf. She rode boldly on till she reached the angry vessel. Witn grrat difficulty she took some of the children in her arms and put them before her on the saddle; then, with bigger children and women clinging to her dress, she started for the shoie. gave those she had rescued to the care of her servant, and re turned again to t'e wreck, says Les lie's Weekly. So she went backward and forward for four hours, till all were safe on land, the servant having ridden to bring out the last man. I'wlltlrat Knemiea: Pergonal Friend. Senator Tillman is not as good in a monologue as in debate. He ia like a piece of flint that needs the contact with steel to make the sparks fly. In the senate the steel upon which Till man flashes most frequently is Sena tor Spooner. The two men love to clash, and yet there arc no two sena tors who like each other better. Spooner admires Tillman's frankness and explosiveness. and Tillman re spects Spooncr's great legal ability. The men are complimentary to each other. They fit in together. Indeed, as soon as their bouts are over they meet in the cloakroom anl laugh at the sharpness and readiness of each) other's wit. Wit of .Senator Senator Mason was talking to s group of newspaper men In the senate' lobby, when Senator Scott came along. ' The latter said: "Mason. I would like " to have your ear for a moment when you get through there." "All right.'. Z replied the rotund senator from Illi- -nois. "just so you don't get me in the' fix of the man whose son took hira" ' apart one day and then couldn't get him together again." "Where Ignorance is bliss 'tis folly to be wise" irns said by Gray in his "Ode to Eton Co'.Icqe." ? aj W t 4 a e ( &- J&& meQ&te-. ' J - - j- , J. sc.- ,.--- "&$& W , .5-j ---. ' j6w -"- j.i . ..j , -e -j. i . - f,., .y "jt .. : -i.J j J. .,r