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About The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911 | View Entire Issue (March 12, 1902)
Y-V' " 5 . - V?l r - 'A"' ET . 1 . -. h w - v pi. - i ti - - Ik- i : I b:- 1 - - a - . FARM AND GARDEN. MATTERS OF INTEREST TO AGM CULTUMSTS. Ua-te-lMte Hlats Akit CalaV m mt the SeU xaad Yields f H&rUcaltare. Vitlcaltare Clerical tare. Agrleeltaral Veaveatiea. (From the Farmers' Review.) Daring the last week a number of agricultural conventions were held at the state capltol. Madison. Wis. In sosse cases the sessions were joint ones, general topics being discussed. The agricultural mass meeting, as it was called, ander the supervision of the state board of agriculture, .was very poorly attended, in the main, though the last session was improved in this respect by the presence of a large number of Short Course students and live stock breeders. At some of the sessions the number in attendance did not exceed twenty-five. This is to be regretted, as the program was a very good one and would have been very profitable to the farmers of the state. As Professor Henry said. There should be a thousand fanners here." One reason for the slim at tendance perhaps was the fact that this is really the first agricultural con vention for years. The old Agricultu ral Society used to hold these annual gatherings, and they were well atten ded. The discontinuance of such meet ings has doubtless resulted in getting the farmers into the habit of non-attendance. Among the particularly valuable pa pers was one by A. F. Postel. on the beet sugar industry in Wisconsin. As Mr. Postel is an expert connected with the only beet sugar factory in Wiscon sin, he brought out some points valua ble to growers. We will have more to say on tnis paper next wees. Another subject that should not have been missed by Wisconsin farmers was the one on the treatment of oats for smut, a subject of immense interest to Wisconsin farmers where the loss from oat smut runs up into the mil lions. Prof. R. A. Moore told of the best methods of treatment, which are with solutions of formaldehyde. The Association of Agricultural Stu dents for Experimental Work also held several sessions, at which reports were made on the work being carried on. Rape and soja beans received the bulk or the attention. Alfalfa had been tried by some, but little progress was made with it except at the Agricultural college farm. Cow peas had also not been successfully grown except at the station named. Several, however, had grown soja beans with perfect success, and great interest was shown in this forage plant, which is a great food for hogs. Rape had also been experimen ted' with successfully. Daring one of the joint sessions Professor Henry spoke of his observa tions while in Holland and Denmark. "The very Interesting address will ap pear in full in the Farmers' Review. Meat rood for Fowl. In Farm Poultry, a book edited by I H. Bailey, the author says: Poultry men find it tc their advantage to imi tate the natural food of the fowls and to furnish some meat food. Fowls that are given a wide range in the summer time feed largely on insects and earth worms; but during the win ter months, and when fowls are con fined in comparatively small houses and yards, it will be best to feed meat in some form. Vegetable foods, even though furnishing equal amounts of all nutrients and In the proportion con sidered suitable, are shown to be much inferior to animal foods furnishing the same amounts of nutrients and in the same proportions. Fresh bones, which may be obtained from meat markets. If finely cut with bone cutters, make one of the best, if not the best, of meat foods for laying hens. This is also ex cellent for little chickens. Many poul trymen, however, cannot depend upon the local meat markets for their sup ply, particularly during the warm weather. After the bones have be come tainted they should be rejected as unfit for poultry food. When fresh bones cannot be obtained, animal meal may be relied on for satisfactory results. Only meal that is guaranteed wholesome should be procured. A good quality will generally contain about 10 per cent of nitrogen. This meal should be dry enough to keep well for several seasons if necessary. In Bortlreltnral Convention. The annual meeting of the Wiscon sin State Horticultural Society was held at Madison February 5 to 6. The meeting was well attended and much enthusiasm was manifest. The fruit show was good, though not large. Some of the apples that are primarily Wisconsin apples were in prime shape, and the whole exhibit was a credit to the society, especially as this year has been a short apple crop year in Wis consin. Many of the papers read were ex cellent, and the program was well car ried out. Among the speakers from ! out of the state was Professor Web ster of Ohio. He read a paper on spraying, which he considers necessary for good results in fruit growing. Be ing asked as to the best spray pumps on the market he said that there were no poor ones, as the manufacturers had found out that it was impossible to sell anything that was not effective when in use. He, however, believes that there is as yet no Ideal spraying pump made, and that it may be some time before such a pump appears. C. E. Bassett secretary of the Mich igan 8tate Horticultural Society, cre ated a good deal of enthusiasm by his address on co-operation in fruit sell ing. He related the history of the as sociation of which he is a member, and said that it had been a powerful fac tor ia improving the conditions under which their fruit is sold Prof. J. C. Blair of the University or j Illinois was present with models and charts of the university cold storage nouae located at Neoga, HI. His mod els showed the manner of insulation and construction. In the case of the cold storage house at Neoga the insu- latioa is so perfect that the tempera-! ture is kept uniform all the time, irre- j epeoMve of what the temperature out-1 side ssay be. Immense possibilities are taa tsjeaed ap in the storage of fruit for winter use. Tear growing was discussed, the sub- feet opened by a paper from M. j j. mmjic ne sauu uih pew growing ; .n Wisconsin has been looked on as a ( venture, but that he had made a suc rees ml it .This last ssasoa especially when the apple crop failed the pear nop -was the redeeming featare of the xoit fiissilisit of the farm. He ad vised otherrta take up the work; and sieved that xreet possibilities lay ia j .he development of new seedling pears. Space prevents detailed reference to Itesaaay other good papers, but we vfll take ay some ef them far osasid ntitatSm the fatare. The election of oflcers resulted as follows: President, T. E. Loope, Eu reka; Vice President, F. C. Edwards, Ft Atkinson; Secretary, J. L. Herbst, Sparta; Treasurer. I. G. Kellogg, Bl pon; Corresponding Secretary, S. H. Marshall, Madison. Methods of Cream Reperatloa. (From Fanners' RevieWStenograpblc Report.) At the recent meeting of the Illinois dairymen, Oscar Erf of the Illinois Ag ricultural College, spoke on the dif ferent methods of cream separation. We present in condensed form some of his remarks: Since the introduction of the cream separator the question naturally comes to many dairymen whether it pays to buy a centrifugal separator when they can get one of the cheap gravity sepa rators for less money. The so-called dilution method of separating cream from milk is an old process that long since fell into disuse. But now and then it Is brought to the front again by men who want to sell dilution cans. These cans differ some in detail, but have all the same principle. The milk is diluted with an equal quantity of water and permitted to stand for a short time. The skim-milk Is then drawn off at the bottom and Is sup posed to leave the cream. From re sults of tests at the Illinois Agricul tural College and from the results of tests at other colleges it may be stated that milk set in the ordinary way will give as good results as when these di lution cans are used. There are four methods of cream sep aration: separator, deep setting, dilu tion, and shallow pan system. The value of these systems Is first separa tor, deep setting, dilution, and shal low pan setting. The centrifugal sep arator system is the best of all. q What about the calves and pigs in the places where they are using the dilution separators? A. I am afraid they are getting some pretty poor stuff for food. Q. In running small separators where are we most likely to lose cream? A. In the hand machines it is likely to be lack of speed. The speed should be good and should be uniform. The trouble that the one that runs the ma chine starts off at a good speed, but soon gets tired, when the speed falls off. Then, too, a man naturally push es forward and downward on the crank handle, but does not pull under and up as hard or as rapidly. Even with a hand separator, it Is better to have some power to run it rather than to depend on the human band. q What kind of power would you use? A. I like the gasoline power, but if you have a common engine It will be just as good. With the gasoline en gine, you can start it at any time. You do not have to stop to build a fire and get up steam. I think the gasoline en gine has that advantage over tht steam engine. Q. Do not gasoline engines give ir regular speed? A. No. sir; not now. The old-fash- 1 ioned ones did, but the new ones arc improved to" such an extent that some of them are used in the production ol electricity for lights, where the powei has to be very steady. Q. Why would It not be a good plan to use some kind of a time-keeper on the hand separator; especially at th beginning? A. I think that would help If you could persuade a man to keep his eye on the pendulum; but there is the trouble. Q. Have you had any experience with the tread power? A. A tread power is a good thing if you have a good animal to run it But you have to teach an animal be fore he is of much value in this way. We find some difficulty in getting one trained. We have found a bull a good animal for this use. Sheep are not very regular. Destiny, of the Hoe Skin. The oily, greasy, thick pig skin is arousing new interest Heretofore the slaughter-house has not seriously bothered itself about skinning the hog while his green hide, left on the car cass and unencumbered with expense, brought S cents per pound and more as pork, or 12 cents per pound when weighed in as cured ham or smoked bacon. The scientist will not let things alone, however, and it may yet pay to strip the hide from the hog for commercial purposes. The leather splitter has demonstrated his ability to shave hides almost into tissue leather. With this implement at his command and a new process In his possession, an American inventor claims that he can split a pig skin to the fineness of s. cologne bottle stop per cover and manufacture that arti cle at a ridiculously low price. He can make the finest of "imported" kid glove stock, can displace oiled paper with a better and a cheaper article, and do the same with the fine tex ture of rubbered goods now used for waist shields. A hog hide can be treated so finely and split into so many separate skins as to astound the uninitiated. With this prospect be fore it the hog skin has a right to come off and to expect much in the near future. National Provisioner. RaUla? Early Umbi. From Farmersj' Review: My ex perience and observation convinces me that the small farmer that is well lo cated near a city and fixed with proper buildings, warm, with south exposure for cold weather, and who will go at it in a business-like way, can make plenty of money in raising early mar ket lambs. A man should not keep more than he can care for and feed aright He should choose some good mutton breed. The Southdowns have proved to be the best in most places and are the best sellers. However. great things in this line are claimed for some of the other breeds. Private trade is a great thing in early lamb marketing. Wherever possible the . lamo niser should engage his lamb crop to some fancy hotel. Then raise for your customer good fat South- down lambs that will delight his na trons, and he will be your good buyer nexx year. nas. j. stuckey, Cham- paign County. Ohio. Small fruit exhausts the tree more rapidly than large fruit It will thus reaIIT "" seen that improved varieties which produce uniformly large, fine fruit are the more economical manu facturers of fruit, and also that the product is more salable. Dr. Daniel Colt Gilman. who was re cently elected president of. the Car negie University, was for 26 years and until recently president of the John Hopkins university at Baltimore. He J.is the author of a number of books on historical and educational subjects. Generosltv ia tie flower of Justice. j Hawthorne. DAIRY AND POTJMRY. MTERESTIlfQ CHAPTEWS FOB OUR RURAL READERS. daw gacesasfaf Farmer Operate Thla Department af the , raras A Few Hlats aa to the Care of U Stock aad roaltiy. Feedtar Hereford. Mr. Thomas Clark of Illinois writes' o the Kansas State Board of Agrlcul .ure concerning-his methods of feed ng Hereford cattle. He says: First la handling my stock bulls I jive special attention to their rations ind exercise. I feed them from four jo six quarts of ground corn, oats and oran, equal parts, mixed with a little cut hay, twice per day, morning and alght then giving them as much long nay as they can eat I always turn diem out after their breakfast and it die weather is not too stormy they will remain outside in lots all day, where hay is accessible to them at any :ime. I find this treatment the most judicious, as the bulls are always strong and vigorous, and are sure get ters. My cows I generally breed so as to jalve in the months of November, De cember, and in the early part of spring; but for economizing in the raising of cattle I should favor the Breeding of cows' so as to have them lrop their calves just before going out Dn grass, and allow the calves to run with their mothers and partake of the milk, as nature provided. By so do ing I think we can raise stronger-con-stitutioned cattle and better feeders. My dry in-calf cows I can winter out in yards, with an open shed for protec tion during storms, upon a little hay with plenty of good oat straw or corn stalks. My cows so wintered are now in good breeding condition and will drop their calves in March and April, just before going out on grass. These are kept at a very little expense com pared with cows suckling calves dur ing the winter months. Cows giving milk or suckling calves in winter I feed as follows: I mix up about one peck of cut hay with two quarts of bran, and the same proportion of beets added, for each animal. The feed is mixed up once a day in bulk, and remains about twelve hours, so as to absorb the juice of the beets. I feed this morning and night; also give a little long hay before going out in the morning and after their feed at night When in the yard I feed corn stalks or oat straw. Cows just before calving are put in box stalls and fed liberally with ground corn, oats, bran and two pounds of oil-cake mixed with cut hay per day. The oil-cake will put them in better condition for calving. After the calves are dropped I allow them to remain with their dams about a week; afterward suckle twice a day. The ration for young calves is equal parts of shelled corn, oats and bran, with a few cut beets. To Keep ronltry Ifealthy. From Farmers' Review: Flocks should be kept well housed at night and the house that shelters them should be free from leaks and drafts, especially in the roosting places. The droppings should be carefully cleaned from sanded dropping boards three or four times a week. Use liquid lice killer on roosts once in two weeks and disinfect once or twice a month by burning flowers of sulphur on a hand ful of shavings. Air the houses well during bright crisp weather. Always supply a patch of rye for winter pas ture, to be used when the ground is free from snow. Several years breeding has never brought any disease of a contagious or infectious character Into my flocks. Care, variety and regularity of feeding are essential. This has been a study with me. for the health of the flock. Where a cold has occurred it has been treated to a few applications' of kero sene and sweet oil (equal parts). This medicine is applied to the nostrils by means of a small oil can. Some of the medicine is put into the throat If the cold seems stubborn, a pretty thor ough smoking over the fumes of burn ing sulphur has completed the cure. 1 do not believe in using much medicine in feed or drink. My observation has been that disease is largely due to overfeeding with one kind of feed, lack of variety in feed, filth and general neglect Jesse E. Morgan, Cook Coun ty, Illinois. Incubators or Urn. From Farmers' Review: Ever since Noah built the ark the question of whether hens can hatch eggs or not has been settled. A long while ago. of course, but not much longer than the Egyptians hatched eggs in ovens. Over 2.000 years ago the Egyptians hatched eggs by artificial means, and yet there are people in this enlight ened age that doubt it it can be done. And the queer part of it is, they even doubt it when they see it with their own eyes. It costs less to run a good incubator than it does to feed hens to incubate the same number of eggs, and a good incubator will hatch just as many or more eggs than an average flock of hens. There are good and bad incubators, just as much as there are hens that stick to business and hens that quit the nest the variation is just as great There are incubators that are made carefully of good material and on the right principle, and there are others that are made with a view of profit on manufacture. There are several good incubators and several others that would be a poor invest ment even though they were a gift In selecting an incubator the decision should be made in favor of the work the machine evidently does instead of the argument or fine spun theory be hind it; otherwise don't overlook the material and don't overlook who the machine does good work for, whether ti is for experienced operators and ex perts, or whether for the everyday poultry raisers and those inexperienced in operating incubators. After you have selected the incubator, you are master of the situation, no waiting for the hens to get broody, no standing guard among them to see if they go back to the right nest no hatching out millions of vermin in the setting hens' nests to later on reduce the profits by stunting the chicks, and what Is of mil further importance the hens have not used up the best part of the lay ing season, setting and killing time trying to raise a few chicks. While to make a perfect success or to succeed at all with setting hens, we have al most got to camp right with them: Ae incubator is ready any time, can be ran where it is the most convenient x the operator, the chief and only,ex pense in operating it is the kerosene Med, and this does not amount to ! nore than the feed to run hens enough to incubate an equal number of eggs. On the average there is no more tabor attached to mr.nlng an incubator .haa there is in running a couple of Jontrary sitting hens. Running the ' aada plsatws, wane lochias; after the hoaa becomes iradgery too often. A-sjeai incubator comes so near running itself that what ia left to ran is UUrestlag and a real rest from other work. At the end of three weeks there is a large bunch of chicks all the same age. They know no mother, hence, the hens are not losing them or killlag them off in the cold, or wet grass aad weeds, or drowning them ia the storms. If a good brooder is used the chances are good for raising a large per cent of them. They soon learn to know the brooder and will collect themselves in case of storms. Aver aging the season through, a good in cubator will hatch a higher per cent of all eggs. While it is .a fsct that hens sometimes hatch every egg. It Is also a fact that occasionally an incu bator will do likewise, yet in the one case a few eggs, in the other, lots of them; hence, the more chances. M. M. Johnson. Cheekier Carraat FmH. During the past season the currant crop in the Hudson .Valley has been seriously injured by a disease causing the appearance of numerous small, dark brown spots on the leaves which turn yellow and fall prematurely. Currant canes were quite generally defoliated early in the season and the consequent exposure of the ripening fruit to the sun brought about sunscald, resulting In heavy loss. This trouble with cur rants has been made the subject oi a recently-issued bulletin (No. 1M) ofl .. x- ri- i..i.,i te iililPl the New York Agricultural Expei station at Geneva. It Is a fungous dis ease which attacks the leaves, leaf stalks, fruit fruit stems and canes, and is called anthracnose. Ia New York state it is present among cur rants almost every season, but there Is no record of Its destructive occurrence since 1889. Although it sometimes at tacks also gooseberries and black cur rants it has not Injured them In the same locality where red currants have been seriously damaged by It An thracnose may be readily distinguished from the ordinary leaf spot by the smaller size of the spots. The weather conditions last spring seem to have been particularly favor able to it; but judging from the past history of the disease it is not likely to become a constant" pest Probably, it will become epidemic only occasion ally. In order to prevent these occa sional destructive outbreaks of an thracnose and also the common leaf spot, check the ravages of cane blight and keep currant worms under control it is recommended that currant growers in the Hudson Valley 8pray with Bordeaux mixture every season, making the first application before growth starts, the second as the leaves are unfolding and thereafter at inter vals of 10 to 14 days until the fruit is two-thirds grown. In wet seasons make one or two applications after the fruit is gathered. Whenever worms appear add Paris green or green arsen oid to the Bordeaux. LLIK 1YKW IUm AKaLUIilUM - w The Torn Sta'k DWeaie. From Farmers' Review: I have seen a great deal published on the cornstalk disease. Perhaps I can add something of value. I have seen no remedy given except that of the assistant state vet erinarian, L. C. Tiffany. He thinks s poisonous fungus develops on the stalk or blades, invisible but surely there. He said the only sure way of avoiding the disease is to cease turning in the stock. Now as I have practiced veter inary surgery for the last forty-four years and in that time have opened and examined both horses and cattle in large numbers that have died from this same trouble, I think I know whereof I speak. The cause of the trouble Is that the animal Is expected to eat enough of those weather-beaten stalks to supply the:u with nourish ment An animal has therefore to at almost all day and all night to do it. The system of an animal does not furnish moisture enough to digest the fodder that has been eaten. The con sequence is that gases are formed in the bowels and these cause death. I have examined several cattle and horses that died this fall in this part of the .state. They had died while on dry pasture and an examination showed that the cause of death was indiges tion, just the same as in the case of animals fed on dry stalks. 1 have pastured stalks on my farm all my life and never lost an animal. The only remedy I know is to feed grain to the stock while pasturing the corn stalks. The reason that stalks cut as fodder do not cause the same trouble is that the stalks when cut have all the sap or juice in the blades, while the stalks that stand lu the field are bleached until no juice is left in them to help digestion. There is no poison nor contagiousness about animals that die from this complaint S. R. Mt Anulty, Adams County, Illinois. InpectioTi or Export Dairy Prefaces. The inspectors of export dairy prod ucts will use great care in stamping the butter that is to go abroad. They are expressly directed not to inspect or certify to any butter which belongs to the commercial grades, known as la dled, factory, process or renovated, or any skimmed or partly skimmed cheese. They are also to exclude lots of butter and cheese, no matter how good in quality, which are in poor packages, or such as are unsuited to the requirements and perils of the ex- port trade. They are instructed to "de cline to mark or certify to any prod ucts which upon their packages or otherwise bear commercial or other marks, labels, or brands which mis represent the true nature, character, or grade of such products. The govern-' ment indorsement will be withheld in any case where it is proposed to ex port "dairy" or "imitation creamery" 'butter marked as "creamery," al though entirely satisfactory in quality and otherwise suitable for export Timberof the Tamarisk or Shlttem wood has been found perfectly 'sound in the ancient temples of Egypt, in connection with the stonework which is known to be at least 4,000 years old. Wasted Opportunity. "And what do you think is the cause of your remarkable longevity?" asked the reporter. "I think." said the centenarian, "that it is because I have all my life abstain ed from the use of tobacco." "Did it ever come into your head." put in the hale and hearty octogena rian, who sat contentedly chewing in the next chair, "that it ye'd done the other things ye might have been a 110 years old by nc?" Washington Times. It is the opinion of leading states men that I'mdon consume? no fewer than 15,000.000 fowls a year, which. If evenly divided among the population, would allow about three per head per annum. iacabator becomes a JaSglac at the Iowa A cosutaalcation from the Iowa Ag ricultural College says: That the prac tical man is beginning to appreciate the valae of an agricultural educatlom sad the work of the agricultural col lege was never better demonstrated thaa it was during the present month at the Iowa Agricultural College. Dur ing the two weeks from January 6th to 18th over four hundred people, repre senting almost every couaty in Iowa and all the surrounding states, attend- ed the special short course in stock and grain judging. They constituted a re markable class. Men of 'all ages were present .Graduates of Chicago, Illinois,-Yale, Minnesota and Iowa univer sities, Kansas and North Dakota agri cultural colleges and several of the de nominational colleges-worked earnest ly with the man who had no other edu cation than that acquired in the rural .school and that most expensive insti tution, the school of experience. A most faithful lot they were, always on the alert to learn something. In addi tion to the regular corps of instruction the following .well-known authorities were present and aided very materially the nature of the work done: Prof. P. G. Holden, Pekin 111, formerly profes sor of agronomy. University of Illinois, on grain judging; Alex. Galbraith, Janesvllle, Wis., on heavy horses;' Wm. Dobson, Marion, Ia, on light horses; John Gosling, Kansas City, Mo, and Wm. Wynes and Emil Ingwersen, Un ion Stock Yards, Chicago, on beef cat tle; Hon.' A. J. Lovejoy, Roscoe, 111., and Geo . Heyl Washington, m .on swine. Three days were devoted each to the judging of horses, cattle, sheep and swine. Excellent material was pro vided throughout for the class work. The college herds of cattle and sheep furnished abundance of good stock foi that work, while in addition to the college swine herds many breeders sent in excellent animals. It was in the horse work, however, where quality reigned supreme. 1 The Poor Man's Apple. Prof. E. S. Goff in a communication to the Wisconsin Horticulturist says: "We Wisconsin people have been very free to denounce the Ben Davis apple because of its lack of good quality, and yet what would we have done this sea son without the Ben Davis? Probably three-fourths of the apples that have came to the Madison market since No vember have been of this variety; and only this variety has been sold at a price that a poor man could afford to pay. And with the exception of a very few apples of other varieties that have sold at the rate of above seven dollars per barrel, I have been able to find no apples good of their kind except the stigmatized Ben Davis. There is an old proverb "Speak well of the bridge that carries you safely over" that will apply pretty well here. Whatever may be said against the Ben Davis it "gets there," and we can have apples when, except for it most of us would have had to do without Driven by pover ty to accept this fourth-rate apple, I have made its acquaintance better .than ever before, and must confess that my contempt for it has not increased with familiarity. At its best its quality will hold its dwn with most north western apples. It is fine-grained, tender when ripe, and what flavor it has is appleish. It lacks juice, which may be the secret of its good keeping. Its skin is thinner than in some other varieties that rank much higher as dessert apples. It is not much given to scab and has that prime requisite of success, good looks. Of course the Ben Davis is not a Wisconsin apple, either by birth or adoption, and it nev er can be, but until we can offer some thing better, why should we condemn it?" Treatment for Cabbage Root Bfaecets. In 1880 A. J. Cook began to experi ment with carbon bisulphide as a rem edy for the root maggots of cabbages. His success was such that he soon be gan to recommend it for general use. Whether it succeeds or not depends very largely on the character of 'the soil. Sometimes the remedy is ap plied, too late to be of much, if any. use. A man must know how to ap ply the .chemical. The point is not to get the liquid on the plant but only the gas arising from the liquid. This gas is produced in great quantities, as the liquid volatizes rapidly. No amount of this vapor will harm the roots of the plant at least no amount that is likely to work its way through the soil. This gas Is deadly to the maggots. In some cases reports of failures have come due to the remedy being applied only after the plants have become badly wilted on account of the- attacks of these Insects. In such cases the death of the plants is due to the maggots and not to the bi sulphide as some may suppose. Mr. M. V. Slingerland of the Cornell Ex periment station investigated the sub ject in 1894 and his experiments dem onstrated that when properly applied the substance was sure death to the in sects and did not injure the plants. - Oar Export of Cheese Smalt. The quantity of cheese exported from the United States in 1901 showed a de crease, as compared with like exports in 1870, of over 30 per cent; the quan tity exported from Canada, on the oth er hand, showed the remarkable in crease, as compared with 1870, of over 3,000 per cent Moreover, the condi tions of the export trade in this prod uct in the United States In late years show little indications of improvement the exports in 1901 having reached a lower point, excepting those of 1896 and 1899, than at any like period in thirty years. The fruit grower of to-day must have the ability of adapting himself to new methods, new fruits and new markets. Staking- Backets. The latest craze among fashionable women in New York is basket making. It has entirely supplanted lacemaking, aookbinding, leather work, and some kindred occupatlonp, which but a short while ago were so popular. All the sp-to-date girls are either making bas sets or talking, about It generally, both, of course. Some excuse them selves by saying they are learning "iow in order- to "teach the poor;." rthers simply take up the art be cause it is the novelty of the hour and s considered "the" thing to do. Watehlag for a Fiat. Herr Meyer Lutz tfjlls the following ittle story in "Mainly About People"; 'Conducting once in Bradford, I no- ImI that tfiA i1aHnnt nlgvn ..... jut clever and steady lad, jumped up I t good deal during tbe progress of lie opera. I found that his father, vbo played the trombone, eat jost be ilnd him and every now and then he save his son a kick, with the remark: 'Look out Ssmmv! There be a let i-cummin'." THIS MAN IS FROM CMOAflO. te the Beat. Paul Kuats, a Chicago man, who has axteasive interests ia the south, is now ia Arkansas with a party of northern capitalists, has a plan for the solution of the labor problem in the south. The remedy, says Mr. Kuntz, ties ia the substitution of monkeys for the negro. Thus far Mr. Kuntz's plans only look co the replacing of the negro by a monkey In the cotton-picking season. He says he knows -monkeys aad their capacities, and is confident that they zan be so trained as to make the most eUcient' kind of cotton-pickers. They can not only pick as well as the aegro, but they, can pick twice as much in a given time. There are other ad vantages attendant upon their em ployment One is that they will not demand wages, and this item will be an immense advantage to the planter. Neither will they form labor unions, and the nnion principle that is gaining a foothold among the negroes is not encouraged on 'the big plantations. Mr. Kuntz derives his knowledge of monkeys from observation of them in Africa, of which country he is a na tive. He is so well satisfied that they can be trained to do the work in the cotton fields that he now has a large consignment of them on the way from that country, which he proposes to employ on a cotton plantation which he owns. He says that his experience has demonstrated to his satisfaction that the monkey can be trained to perform any kind of manual labor re quiring skill and application. The work must not be too laborious, as the monkey has not the strength requisite for heavy labor. EXECUTIVE SESSIONS. Boaster Kelates His First Ex- erleaee with Oae. Senator Mason has written an ar ticle about "The Farce of Executive Sessions." After telling of his awe of executive sessions when he was a rep resentative he. describes his first closed 'session after he became a senator: "A senator from New England arose and solemnly and earnestly moved that we go into executive session. The bells all over the senate end of the capital rang and made music to my ears. The chief page clapped his hands three times and the pages all rushed from our sacred presence. Amid the ringing of bells and the rushing of feet the peo ple were all moved out, the doors were closed and we were alone! "Thereupon the senator who had moved the executive session struck a match in the usual way and lit a cigar, audibly informing his neighbor that it was the only one he had. He then moved that John Smith be confirmed in his $700 postoffice in Podunk. The vice president of the United States said, 'Without objection it is so order ed.' A motion to adjourn was carried. In one moment my dream was bro ken." WELL DIRECTED. A Letter That Ceald Hardly Fall to Keaeh IU Oestlaatlea. A French barber recently opened a shop in Duluth. and the first thing he did was to write a letter to his par ents in Canada, enclosing one of his business cards. The printing was like this: '.'John Jones, barber, No. West street. Everything clean. Fresh towels to every customer." The letter was written in the French language, as that was the only thing the old folks could read. In answering the letter, the barber's lit tle sister was called upon to address the envelope. While she could not read English, she printed, the best she could, the letters on the card, and here Is the way she did it: JOHN JONES, Barber, No. West street. Everything clean. Fresh towels to every customer. Duluth, Minnesota, United States. Webster Waste His Drlak. Benjamin Prouty of Boston, an old time New Englander, at the Park Ave nue, told last night how he was born and brought up and still spends his summers at the village of Queen Anne's Corner in Plymouth county, Mass. When he was a boy he often saw Dan iel Webster. He said: "Until a few years ago there stood at the Corners an old tavern called the Half-Way house. Daniel Webster used to stop there for dinner on his trips between Boston and his home in Mansfield. One day everybody at the tavern had gone to a circus except a lad of 15 years, who was ordered not to serve any liquors. Webster drove up at dinner time, ordered his meal and then asked for a drink. The boy refused him. Webster urged, threatened, command ed, but it was of no use. The boy was firm. When the landlord returned from the circus and heard of it he drubbed the boy for losing him a good customer. But the statesman rather respected the lad for his stubbornness when his first wrath had gone. He came again as before, and often gave the boy a quarter." cTrelas Need Net Stop. Among the patents which have been recently granted in the United States may be mentioned one issued to John W. Jenkins. New York City, for an in teresting system whereby passengers are to be discharged from a train with out the necessity of stopping at sta tions. The characteristic feature of the invention resides in the employment of a number of "saddle cars," which are successively taken up and dropped from the moving train, and through the medium of which passengers may enter or leave a train without inter rupting its movement Pateata la rraaee. In order that a patent may be ob tained in France, the three following conditions are necessary: That the invention be absolutely new; that it possess an industrial character; that it be not contrary to public order or security; good morals, or the laws of the country. An invention is not con sidered new when, previous to the date of filing of the application, it has received sufficient publicity in France or abroad to render it easy of imita tion. Growth ef the Baglish Laagaa-e. To give some idea of the tremendous growth of the English language it may be mentioned that the words and phrases under the letter "A" have in creased in fifty years from 7,000 tc nearly 60,000. Intelligent persons, ever those engaged in the learned profes sions, do not made use of more thac 6,000 to 8.000 words, all told, although there are properly belonging to out language over 200.000. Men are respect respectable only as they J TOLD BY THE VETERANS f ftemlniscences of Baffles and Campaigns Heard Around Gampfli r m Ilea are not horn to the aghtlng. men are not bred te the sword; Oaly for Oo4 and their country have mea to the battle front poured. Not In the clans-ina of armor, not in the lUt of the drum! But In the call of their country do men hear the terrible "Comet" Then rise the men of a nation, men of a purpose and will . . .wl Then do they rise with a light In their eye, but not as men go to the Men are not led by a halter, like to a reasonless beast: .. . Men are not lured by a bauble to add o the carrion feast; . Only when home and their country spealc . in the thunder of God Men walk, with faces Illumined, the paths that their fathers have trod. . Then, in the shrill of the bullet; then. In the war trumpet's song: In the pipe of the Afe leap the soldiers to life ready, and gallant, and strong. Let hut the enemy's cannon threaten the strength of our walls; Let but the hand of the traitor scatter disgrace in our halls: Then will the clamor of bugles over the nation be dinned; Then will the banners of battle snap in the hiss of the wind; Then will the hearth be deserted; then will the marts all grow bare; For the summons has pealed through the town and the field, and the men that were wanted are there. Men are not born to the fighting. Tell it again and again. Men who go down to the killing pawns they may be. but not men. Only when God and the country sound us the long rally roll. Thrill us with drumming of conscience comes then the biasing of soul! Cornea then the knowledge of duty; come all the purposes high Then come the men. from the hill and the glen, to put on their armor and die! Mm aad Gray Frateralae. The Blue and the Gray had a happy camp fire at VIcksburg. Miss., recently. The local camp of Confederate veter ans united with the National Military park commission and the board of trade in tendering it to the visiting Federal veterans from the northwest ern states. There were present a large number of old Confederate soldiers, a delegation from the United Daughters of the Confederacy and many promi nent citizens. Capt W. T. RIgby, chair man of the VIcksburg National Mili tary park commission, a Federal vet eran, gave an eloquent welcome to the old soldiers of both armies, dwelling on the bravery and heroism displayed on 2,200 battlefields by both Northern and Southern soldiers, which the gov ernment is rightly and nobly commem orating in the national military parks. Col. R. V. Booth of VIcksburg next spoke in a similar strain, saying the American soldier is everywhere revered and honored, whether his uniform was blue or gray. H. C. Putnam of Brod head. Wis., spoke also for the visiting soldiers and invited the Southern com rades to visit Wisconsin. Judge O. B. Christian of Marion, Ohio, spoke for his Buckeye comrades and gave some statistics comparing the size of armies and casualties in European wars which emphatically proved the valor of the American soldier and the mighty strug gle of the civil war. Lieut-Gen. Ste phen D. Lee. the famous ex-Confederate commander, gave a brief sketch of Grant's army of the Tennessee, and outlined his Vicksburg campaign in a masterly way. He claimed emphatic ally that the fall of Vicksburg was the heaviest blow dealt to the Confederacy during the whole war. and praised the action of the government in establish ing the Vicksburg National Military park. This gathering was one of the most significant events ever held here and the old soldiers from the North west have very high opinions of Vicks burg hospitality. Private Who Strack Gen. Sherldaa. Apropos of a story going the rounds of the press as to a pugilistic combat between a division commander and a private, the following story is told: "When our division swung back from the pursuit of Bragg in Novem ber, 1862, we marched toward Nash ville, and camped for a short time at Edgefield, just across the Tennessee from Nashville. As we went into camp. Gen. Phil Sheridan commanding the division, dismounted near a house on a hill to our left, and designated the house and yard as his headquarters. Between this house and our regiment, the Fifty-second Ohio, was a field giv en up to cabbage. Many of the heads had been cut off earlier in the season, and fresh, green, tender sprouts had grown up about the stalks. "As soon as our guns were stacked the men broke ranks and literally swarmed over the cabbage field. They had been living on short army rations for so long a time that they hungered for cabbage, and in five minutes that field was black with soldiers, and they cleared it of everything green as they moved forward. So intent were they on gathering the cabbage that they paid no attention even to the orders of the guards Sheridan sent among them. At last, the general, fuming and swear ing, caught up a stout ecane or club and went among the men himself. "The men in advance fell back when they saw the general coming, but others, not seeing him. kept at work, and so it happened that Sheridan, with club raised to strike, came unawares on Jack Jeffers, of Company K, Fifty second Ohio. Jack was one of the sturdiest and most athletic men in the regiment and was not much given to conventionalities. The confusion about him had not disturbed him, and he was wholly oblivious of the approach of the general commanding the division. "Jack was bending over a particu larly fine bit of cabbage when Sheridan made a rear attack, striking the stoop ing man a resounding whack with his club. Jack went forward on his hands and face. and. supposing that one of the boys had pushed him over in rough frolic, he scrambled to bis feet, and turning in blind fury struck his as sailant squarely in the face. Sheridan went down on his back, and Jack, rec ognizing the figure and the uniform. bolted in a panic for our own camp. "Sneridan was wild with rage. A score of men ran to help him. helped him up and brushed the dirt from hla hair and clothes. He pushed them rudely aside and shouted: 'Don't bother about my clothes catch the skunk that knocked me down; catch him, I say, and he ran forward him self in the direction taken by Jeffers. Many of the boys ran with him. but curiously enough, not one could re member the fellow's name or to what regiment he belonged. I stood within five feet of the scrappers, ana wnen the general ordered me to catch the man who struck him, I obediently ran away as fast as my legs could carry me. "There was a tremendous uproar in the brigade. Sheridan was determined to find, the man. and our regimental and company officers made diligent in quiry of every man who had been in the cabbage field. We all knew who struck Phil Sheridan, but nobody told and I think Sheridan never knew un til long afterward, and then he regard ed the matter as a joke. Jeffers served iTnyisisjh the war, and la the Jght at Peach Tree Creek was oae of the first mea across the stream." Fald Steglsaeat With Adi There Is an old confederate soldier ia Louisville who tells aa amusing story of an adventure he had during the civil war. He says: . "Oae day during the siege of Vicks burg. when everybody was out of money, and business was at a stand still. I was walking along the streets of the city with my colonel; when a shell from one of Grant's gunboats struck a house across the street from us. In this house was a drug store. The shell exploded and set fire to the house. The colonel and I and some other soldiers helped extinguish the flames. In looking around among the ruins we found a box of old mus tang liniment advertisements made in the shape of dollar bills. "As soon as I saw them an idea struck me which I communicated to the coloneL Then I asked the drug gist if -he wanted the advertisements, and. receiving a negative reply, I took up the box and carried it to headquar ters. "There was enough of that fake money in the box to pay off the regi ment, and nearly enough to pay off. the brigade. The next morning the colonel mustered the soldiers and every man was given a part of his pay in advertisements. Business imme diately resumed, and the pie and to bacco stands opened up once more. The mustang liniment bills passed current and were as readily changed as confederate bills." Headsteae for Soldiers GraTes. The United States government has had finished a large number of head stones for the graves of soldiers and sailors who fought in the civil war. and they are being distributed as rap idly as possible to the applicants at present. Recently a consignment reached Boston from West Rutland. Vt. for relatives of deceased soldiers and sail ors living hereabouts. The headstones are about three feet in hight. and when set at the head of the grave will project at least one and a half feet above the ground. They are made of white marble, and are ten inches across the face and five inches thick. On the face is cut a shield and the name, rank and depart ment of service the deceased served In is cut in clear letters. It is a very neat appearing stone. These stones are forwarded free of charge to the relatives of any soldier or sailor, and all that is necessary is an application to the war department at Washington, giving the name of the person whose grave the stone is to mark, with his rating and date of service. Traialag ef the National Gaard. The Army and Navy Journal, in an article on "National Guard Delusions.' very truly says: "In the introductlor. of the various bills in Congress from time to time for the reorganization ol the national guard, the fact is invari ably lost sight of that the time of the majority of citizen soldiers is very lim ited, and any scheme advocating s month's training for officers and met is wholly impracticable." Ia this line the Journal thinks a week the limit for militia training While quite understanding that s month Is completely out of the ques tion, it Is clearly within the line ol possibilities to secure at least 14 day? of service. Memento or the Civil War. New York Press: The editor of "Tht Press Campfire" has in his charge s copy of a "Veteran Register. Company I. Thirty-seventh Illinois Infuntry.' Capt. George Kennicut. This register which is handsomely engrossed and ornamented, has been placed in our hands in the hope that some of the comrades connected with the organiza tion might, through this publication be found who would like to have it as a memento ami to whom it would be given gladly. Further information re garding the register can be had by addressing the New York Press. Many Member or t. A. R- Connecticut members of the Daugh ters of the American Revolution claim for their state the distinction of having more "real daughters" than any other commonwealth in the na tional organization. There arc ninety nine "real daughters" on the Connecti cut membership rolls, and each one has been presented with a gold spoon. Massachusetts comes next with eighty six women whose fathers fought in the revolutionary war. Wilt See Gettysburg Af.iin. The Grand Army Club of Massachu setts has decided to attend the G. A. R. encampment at Washington and have accepted the invitation of the G. A. R. club of Baltimore to visit that city on its way to the encampment. The club will also visit Gettysburg either going or returning. Growth of Seas of Veteran. General gains in membership are reported throughout the order of tho Sons of Veterans. The Wisconsin di vision is noticeable for the gain in new camps. The Connecticut division will hold its annual convention at Derby. April 15-16. ti Evil or Kzeealve Smoking. While a good cigar, used temperate ly two or three times a day. may le smoked by the average adult man to good advantage, excessive indi'Igent in smoking is very harmful. It is only necessary to recall one's lirst cigar and the profound effect it produced to realize that the smoking of tobacco in large quantities is trifling with a dangerous agent, says the Baltimore Sun. The chief effects of smoking are from the nicotine and empyrcumatic oil, the first being an active poison an infinitesimal quantity will destroy life and the latter, which is the rank accumulation In the stem of the pipe, is also a potent poison, one drop on the tongue of a cat having been fatal. The nicotine and the oil both act on the nervous system, though different ly, the nicotine paralyzing the heart by Its action on the brain, while the oil confines itself chiefly to the spinal cord and the motor nerves. It will thus be seen that no part of the vic tim's equipment escapes the deadly ef fect of tobacco in excess. "Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well." Lord Chesterfield in letters to bis son. Goldsmith tells as that "Mam wants hut little K, e I Vl ' ' ' :? 4 i l I L. .1. J'U' A ' ? - i , in iTiii1.riMi itim cVjipw