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VOLUME XXXII. NUMBER 36.
COLUMBUS. NEBRASKA. WEDNESDAY. DECEMBER 11. 1901.
. WHOLE NUMBER IMS
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Governmental Problems
Dwelt On at Length in
the Document.
JRGS QCUSIOI OF THE ftMRCBISIS
Czolgosz and His Ilk Enemies of
the Human Race.
THE MERITS OF RECIPROCITY.
Pmidant Defem! tb. Workings of th.
Protect! vn Tartfl CoaU-tcrtloa of ta.
Xiarapuui Cunl Cr-gmt. and ta. ly
lnjr of a- Cal.ln tn Unwell Md tbf)
Philippine Oiaac I" U. irreaent
Mllltlu. Ljuwn IU-ruaiuicutletl Ttoe .Xnvy.
A cnic prelim si ve pj-non-is of President
TToc3veH"3 ineasase to Congress is ttveu be t
lnw:
. " 3,n:i,n an' Hous. of Itpprrsentatlvps:
"The Conqrsh u&fci-mblrs tins year under
tlie startow of a ijrcat ralatnitr On the sixth
of SpteabT. President McKJnley waa shot
br an .inarrfaist whilr attenillat- the Pan
rnericazs exposition at Buffalo, and died In
that my on the 'ouneenth of that month.
"Of the last sttv-n elected Presidents, he is
the third wno has bt-ea murderrd. and the
bans recital of .ji fact Is auJSeient tn lus
tily urava alarm amons all loyal Amrriran
citizens. MomoTer th eireumstancrs of this.
the third assanaisatlon of an American Presi- (
dent, have ' peculiarly sinister sitratflcancc. I
3tth President Lincoln and President Gar
3eld -were killed by assassins of types unfor- '
tunatoly not uncommon la history President
Lincoln Tallin:; a victim to the terrible pas- '
ions amused by four years of rlvll war. l
and President Ccrflwd 'o the revengeful ran- ,
!ty of a disappointed offlce-ie-Xer President
McXiniey was killed by an utterly depraved,;
anmlnal belonging to that body of criminals I
who object to all sovernments. sood and h.td
alike, who are acalnst any form of popular i
jtSf-rty ir it is guaranteed by even the most
Just and liberal mws, and who are as hostile
to the upright exponent of a free people .1
sober will an to 'he tyrannical and lrresponsl-
bit despot.
"It is not too much to say that at the time
f President McKinley s death ho was the
most widely loved man tn all the United
States, while wn hav never had any public '
rou of his position who has been so wholly '
free from tie bitter animosities incident to
public life There -ould b 20 personal
hatred of him. for he never acted with aught
but onBideration for the welfare of others.
No one ould fail to respect him who knew I
htm .n public or private life. The defenders
of those murdererous criminals who seek to
excuse their r-rtminallty by asserting that It
Is exercised 'or political emU, Inveigh against
wealth and irresponsible power Dut for this
u&sa-stnation even this base apology can- '
not be urged.
Th President speaks in the highest terms '
of the p-monal and public virtues of Mr Me
Klniey Describing the nature of the assas- )
xlnatlon and the motive that inspired it. the '
measage .-ontlnue-i.
Mfiliwn of tlin Amaiitn.
"The blow was aimed not at this Presi
dent, but at all Presidents at every symbol of
government. The snarchlst. and especially '
the auarchl-t in the United Slates. 1b merely )
one type of criminal, more dangerous than '
any other because Uo represents the same
depravity in a greater degree. The man who 1
advocates annrchy directly or indirectly, in '
any shapt or fashion, or the man who apolo- t
gires for annrchista and their deeds, makes
himself morally accessory to murder before 1
ahe fact. The anarchist Is a criminal whose
perverted instincts lead him to prefer confu
sion and chaos to the most beneficent form ,
of wic-'al order His protest of concern for
wor)c:ngm-n is outrageous in its impudent
falsity for if the political institutions of this
country do not afford opportunity to every
honest and Intelligent on of toil, then the
door of hope -s forever closed against htm.
The anarchist is everywhere not merely the
ciemy of system and progress, but the dead
ly foe of 'lberty It ever anarchy is triumph
ant its triumph will 'ast for hut one red
moment. To be succeeded for ages by the
gjoomy night of despotism.
Would Kxrlmln Anarchist. 1
"I earnestly recommend to the Congress
thnt in 'he exercise of t3 wise discretion it
should take into consideration the coming 1
to this country of anarchists or persons pro-fe-stng
pr-nctples hostile o all government
and JuEtlfy'ng the murder of those placed
In authority No matter '-alls more urgeutly
for the wisest thought of the Congress.
"The Federal -ourts should be given juris
diction over inv man who kills or attempts
to kill the President or any man who by the
Constitution or by-law Is In line of" succes
sion for the Presidency while the punish
ment for an unsuccessful attempt should be
proportioned to the enormity of the offense
acainitmir institutions ,
""Anarchy is a -nmH against the whol.
human race and all mankind should band
against the inarrhlst. His .-rtme should be
made an offense against the law of nations, I
like piracy and that form of mansteallng '
known as the slave 'rade for It is of far ,
blacker infamy than either It should be so '
declared by treaties among all civillred pow
ers. Th. Treat Problem. I
"The tremendous and highly compljx
Industrial development whirh went on with '
ever accelerated rapidity ilunng the latter
half of thp nineteenth century brings us face
to face, at the beginning of the twentieth,
with verv "serious social problems. The old
laws, and the old customs which had almoft
the binding forre of law. were once ijulte
sufficient to regulate the accumulation and
distribution of wealth. Since -he industrial
changes which have so enormously increased
the productive power of mankind, they are no
longer .rufflcient.
'The creation of great corporate fortunes
has not be-n due to the tariff nor to any
other governmental action, hut 'o natural
causes in 'he business world, operating in
other countries as they operate in our own.
" "It is. not true that as the rich have grown
richer the poor have grown poorer On the '
contrary, never before has the average man.
the wage-worker the farmer, the small trad
er, been so well off a in this countr- and
at the present, time There have been abuses
connected with, the accumulation of wealth;
yet it remains true taat a fortune accumu
lated only on condition of conferring m
rrienfe incidental benefits upon others. Suc-c-sstul
enterprise, of the type which bencnts
nil mankind, can only exist if the conditions
are such as to offer great pnres as the re
wards of success.
"The captains of industry who have driven
'the railway systems across this continent.
.whohuve built up our commerce, who have 1
developed our manufactures, have on the '
whole done great good to our people. With-
. put them the material development: of which
ww are so justly proud could never have
taken place. Moreover, we should recognize
the Immense importance to this material
development of leaving as unhampered as
Jsrarnatible with the public good the strong
and' forceful men upon whom tha success
of business operations inevitably rests.
Caution la Crged. '
'An additional reason for caution In deal- '
ing Tith corporations is to be found in the I
.ctemational commercial conditions of to- J
day. The suze business conditions which 1
hate produced the great aggregations of cor- ,
porate and individual wealth have made them
very potent, factors in international enmmer- 1
call competition America has only just '
, begun to ascume that commanding position '
In the international business world which we I
believe will more and more be hers. It is j
of the ntmosr importance that this position '
be not jeoparded, especially at a lime when I
the oversowing abundance of our own natu- '
jal resources and the skill, business enersy.
snd mechanical aptitude of our people ma kg
foreign markets essential. Under such con
ditions It would be most unwise to cramp
nr to fetter the youthful strength of our
Nation. .
"Disaster to great business enteranses can
never have its effects limited to the men at
the top. It spreads throughout, and while it
Is bad ior everybody, it is worst, for Uxos
farthest down. The capitalise may be shorn
of his luxuries, but th wage-wonter may
he deprived of even bars necessities.
"In facing new industrial conditions, the
whole htstcry of the world shows that legis
lation will genera.lly.be both unwise and in-
rfeetlTB unless undertaken after calnvinquirT
and with sober self-restraint. Much of the
legislation directed at the trusts would hare
been exceedingly mischievous had it not also
been entirely Ineffective: In dealing with
business interests, for the government, to un
dertake by crude end ill-considered- legisla
tion to do what may turn out to be bad.
would b to incur the risk of such far-reaching
national disaster that it would be prefer
able to undertake nothing at alL
"All tats is true: and yet it is also true
that there are real, and grave evils, one of
the chief being, over-capitalixatlon becaus.
of its many baleful consequences; and a reso
lute asd practical effort must. b. wmam to I
correct, these evils.
"It Is no limitation upon atimsuj rights
or freedom of contract to require tnaf when
men receive from government the privilege of
doing bmin under corporate form, which
ixam iiiiis 1
, and enables them to call Into their enterprises
the capital of the public, they shall do so
upon absolutely truthful representatloss as as
the value of the property in which the capi
tal is to be invested. Corporations eaauetl
in Interstate commerce should be regulated
if they are found to exercise a license work
Jug to the public injury. It should be as
much the aim of those who seek for social
betterment to rid the business world of
enmes of cunning as to nd the entire body
politic of crimes of violence. Great eorpara
tlons exist only because they are created
and safeguarded by our Institutions and It
Is therefore our right and our duty to see
that they work tn harmony with these insti
tutions. Publicity Remedy for Trusts
"The nrst essential in determining how to
deal with the great industrial combinations
is knowledge of the facts publicity. In the
Interest of the public, the government should
have the right to inspect and examine tho
workings of the great corporations engaged
in interstate business. Publicity Is the only
sure remedy which we can now Invoke. What
further remedies are needed in the way of
governmental regulation, or taxation, can
only be determined after publicity has been
obtained, by process of law, and In the course
of administration. The first requisite is
knowledge, full and complete knowledge
which may be made public to the world.
"Artificial bodies, such as corporations and
joint stock or other associations, depending
upon any statutory law for their existence or
privileges, should be subject to proper gov
ernmental supervision, and full and accurate
Information as to their operations should bo
made public regularly at reasonable intervals.
"The large corporations, commonly called
trusts, though organized In one state-, always
do business in many states, often doing very
little business tn the state where they are
incorporated. There is utter lack of uniform
ity in the state laws about them: and as no
state has any exclusive Interest In or power
over their acts. It has In practice proved im
possible to get adequate regulation through
state action. Therefore, In the interest of the
whole people, the Nation should, without in
terfering with the power of the states in the
matter itself, also assume power of super
vision and regulation over all corporations
doing an interstate business. This is espe
cially true where the corporation derives a
portion of Its wealth from the existence of
some monopolistic element or tendency in its
business. There would be no hardship in
such supervision banks are subject to It. and
in their case it Is now accepted as a simple
matter of course. Indeed. It Is probable that
supervision of corporations by the National
government need not go to far as Is now the
case with the supervision exorcised over them
by so conservative a state as Massachusetts,
in order to produce excellent results.
"I believe that a law can b framed which
will enable the National government to exer
cise control along the lines above indicated:
profiting by thu experience gained Lhrauau
the passage and administration of the Interstate-Commerce
Act. If. however, the judg
ment of the Congress Is that It lacks tho
constitutional power to pass such an act.
then a constitutional amendment should be
submitted to confer the power
"There should be created a Cabinet officer,
to be known as Secretary of Commerce- and
Industries, as provided in the bill Introduced
at the last session of the Congress. It should
be his province to deal with commerce in Its
broadest sense Including among many other
things whatever concerns labor and all mat
ters affecting the great business corporations
and our merchant marine.
Restriction on Immigration.
"With the sole exception of the farming
interest, no one matter is of such vital mo
ment to our whole people as the welfare of
the wage-workers. If the fnrmer and the
wage-worker are well off. it la absolutely
certain that all others will be well off. too.
It is therefore a matter for hearty congratu
lation that on the whole wages are high"r
to-day m the United States than ver beforo
in our history and far higher than In any
other country. The standard of living Is also
higher than ever beforo. Every effort of leg
islator and administrator should be bent :a
secure the permanency of this condition of
things and its Improvement whwvver possi
ble. Not only must our labor be protected
by the tariff, but it should also be protected
so far as it is possible from the presence In
this country of any laborers brought over by
contract, or of those who. coming freely,
yet repn-seat a standard of living so de
pressed that they can undersell our men in
this labor market and drag them to a lower
level. I regard it as necessary, with this
end in view, to re-enact Immediately the law
excluding Chinese laborers and to strength
en It whernver necessary In order to make
Its enforcement entirely effective.
"So far as practicable under the conditions
of government work, provision should be
made to render the enforcement of the eight
hour law easy and certain. In all Indus
tries earned on directly or Indirectly for the
United States government women and chil
dren should be protected from excessive
hours of labor, from night work, and from
work under unsanitary conditions.
"The most vital problem with which this
country, and for that matter the whole civ
ilized world, has o deal, is the problem
which has for one 3ide the betterment of so
cial conditions, moral and physical. In large
cities, and for another side the effort to deal
with the tangle of far-reaching questions
which we group together when we speak of
'labor Very great good has been and will
be accomplished by associations or unions of
wage-workers, when managed witn lore
thought, and when they combine insistence
upon their own rights with law-abiding re
snect for the rights of others. The display of
e !
these qualities in such bodies is a duty to the
Nation no less than to the associations them
selves. Finally, there must also In many
cases be action by the government in order
to safeguard the rights and interests of all.
Under our Constitution there Is much more
scope for such action by the state and the
municipality than by the Nation. Dut on
points such as those touched on above the
National government can act.
"Our present Immigration laws are unsat
isfactory need every honest and effi
cient immigrant litted to become an Ameri
can citizen, every immigrant who comes here
to stay, who brings here a strong body, a
stout hearr. a good head, and a resolute pur
pose to do his duty well in every way and to
bring up his children as law-abiding and
God-feanng members of the community. But
there should be a comprehensive law enact
ed with the object of working a threefold im
provement over our present system. First,
we should aim to exclude absolutely not only
all persons who are known to be- believers tn
anarchistic principles or members of an
archistic societies, but also all persons who
are of a low moral tendency or of unsavory
reputation. This means that we should re
quire a more thorough system of Inspection
abroad and a more rigid system of examina
tion at our Immigration .ports, the former be
ing especially necessary.
"The second object of a proper immigra
tion law ought to be to secure by a careful
and not merely perfunctory educational test
some intelligent capacity to appreciate Amer
ican institutions and act sanely as Ameri
can citizens- This would not keep out all
anarrhtsts. for many of them belong to the
intelligent criminal class. But it would do
wiat .s also in point, that is. tend to de
crease he sum of ignorance, so potent in
producing the envy, suspicion, malignant
passion, and hatred of order, out of which
anarchistic sntiment Inevitably springs.
Finally all persons should be excluded who
are below a certain standard of economic fit
ness to enter our industrial field as com
petitors with American labor There should
be proper proof of personal capacity to earn
an American living and enough money to In
sure a decent start under American condi
tions. This would' stop the influx of cheap
labor, and the resulting competition which
gives nse to so much of bitterness in Ameri
can industrial life, and it would dry up the
strings of the pestilential social conditions
in our great cities, where anarchistic organ
izations have tiieir greatest possibility of
growth:
Question of Reciprocity.
"here is general acquiesence in our pres
ent nnff system us a national policy. The
first -equisite to our prosperity Is the con
tinuity and stability of this economic policy
Nothing could be more unwise than to dis
turb th- business interests of the country by
any general tariff change at this time. Doubt,
apprehension, uncertainty are exactly what
we wlsn to avoid m the interest of our com
merce! and material well-being. Our experi
ence in he past has shown that sweeping
revisions it the tariff are apt to produ-e
conditions losely approaching panic m the
business wend. Yet it is not only possible,
but eminently desirable, to combine with the
stability of our economic system a supple
mentary system of reciprocal benefit and obli
gation with other nations. Such reciprocity
Is an incident and result of the firm, estab
lishment and preservation of our present
economic policy It was specially provided
for In the present 'anff law.
"Our first duty a to see that the protection
granted by the tariff in every case where it
is needed is maintained, and that reciprocity
be sought for so far as it can safely be done
without Injury to our home industries. Just
how far this is must be determined accord
ing to the individual case, remembering al
ways that every application of our tariff pol
icy to meet our shifting national needs must
be conditioned upon the cardinal fact that the
duties must never be reduced below the point
that will cover the difference between the
labor cost here and abroad. The well-being
of the wage-worker Is a pnse consideration
of our entire policy of economic legislation.
"Subject to this proviso of the proper pro
tection necessary to our industrial' well-beins
at home, the principle of reciprocity mut
command our hearty support. The pheno
menal growth of our export trade emphasizes
the urgency of the need for wider markets
and for a liberal policy in dealing with, for
eign nations- Whatever is merely netty and
vexatious in the way of trade restrictions
should be avoided. The customers to whom
we dispose of our surplus products in the
long ran. directly or indirectly, purchase
those surplus products by giving us some
thing in return. Their ability to purchase
our products should as far as possible be
'secured by so arranging our tariff as to en
able us to, take from them those products
which, we can use without harm' to our- own
industries and labor, or the use ot wnich-Will
be of marked benefit to us.
"W have now reached' the point in' the
derelepsent of our interests where we are
IT aw to supmly oar own
but to produce a constantly growing surplus
for which we must find markets abroad. To
seeure these markets we can Wills, existing
duties in any .case where taey are aa longer
aaeded for the' purpose of protction. or in any
case whet the article Is not prodveea hers
and the duty la no longer neresaary for
revenue, as giving us something to offer in
exchange for what we ask. The cordial re
lattons with other nations which are so de
sirable will naturally be promoted by the
course thus required by our own Interests.
"The natural line of development for a.
policy of reciprocity will be in connection
with those of our productions which no long
er require all of the support once needed
to establish them upon a sound basis, and
with those others where either because of
natural or of economic causes we are beyond
tne ream 01 successful competition.
1 "I ask the attention of the Senate to the
1 reciprocity treaties laid before It by my pre-
uecessor.
Onr. Xerekant 3Carlah
"The condition of the American merchant
marine Is such as to call for immediate
remedial action by the Congress. It is dis
creditable to us as a Nation that our mer
chant marine should be utterly Insignificant
in comparison to that of other nations which
we- overtop in other forms of business.
"American shipping is under certain great
disadvantages when put in competition with
the shipping of foreign countries. Many of
the fast foreign steamships, at a speed of
fourteen knots or above, are subsidized: and
all our ships, sailing .vessels and steamers
alike, cargo carriers of slow speed and mail
carriers of high speed, have- to meer the
fact that the original coat of bullClng Ameri
can ships is greater than is the case abroad:
that the wages paid American officers and
seamen are very much higher than those paid
the officers and seamen of foreign competing
countries: and that the standard of living
on our ships is far superior to the standard of
living on the ships of our commercial rivals.
"Our government should take such action
as will remedy these Inequalities. The Amer
ican merchant marine should be restored to
the ocean.
"The Act of March 14. 1900. intended un
equivocally to establish gold as the standard
money and to maintain at a Rarity therewith
all forms of money medium in use with us.
has been shown to be timely and judicious.
The price of our government bonds in the
world's market, when compared with the
price of similar obligations Issued by other
nations. Is a flattering tribute to our public
credit. This condition It Is eminently desir
able to maintain.
"In many respects the National Hanking
Law furnishes sufficient liberty for the proper
exercise of the banking function but there
seems to be need of better safeguards against
the deranging Influence of commercial crises
and financial panics. Moreover, the currency
of the country should be made responsive
to the demands of our domestic trade and
commerce.
Redaction of Revenues.
"The collections from duties on imports and
internal taxes continue to exceed the ordi
nary expenditures. The utmost care should
be taken not to reduce the revenues so that
thre will be any possibility of a deficit, but,
after providing against any such contingency,
means should be adopted which will bring the
revenues more nearly within the limit of 'our
actual needs.
"I call special attention to the need of strict
economy in expenditures. The fact that our
national needs forbid us to be niggardly in
providing whatever is actually necessary to
our well-being, should make us doubly care
ful to husband our national resources, as
each of us husbands his private resources, by
scrupulous avoidance of anything like waste
ful or reckless expenditure.
Regulation of Railroads,
Tn 1SS7 a measure was enacted for the reg
ulation of interstate railways, commonly
known as the Interstate Commerce Act. The
cardinal provisions of that act were that
railway rates should be Just and reasonable
and that all shippers, localities, and commo
dities should be accorded equal treatment. A
commission was created and endowed with
I what were supposed to be the necessary pow-
era to execute the provisions of this act.
I "That law was largely an experiment. Ex-
perience has shown the wisdom of its pur
1 poses, but has also shown, possibly that some
' of its requirements are wrong, certainly that
the means devised for the enforcement of its
provisions are. defective.
"The act should be amended. The railway
Is a public servant. Its rates should bo Just
to and open to all shippers alike. The gov
ernment should see to it that within its Juris
diction this is so and should provide a speedy.
Inexpensive, and effective" remedy to that end.
At the same time it must not be forgotten that
our railways are the arteries through which
the commercial lifeblood of this nation Sows.
Nothing could be more foolish than the en
actment of legislation which would unneces
sarily interfere with the development and
operation ot these commercial agencies. The
subject is one ot great importance and calls
for the earnest attention of the Congress.
The message points out the value of the
American forests and the necessity for their
conservation, and urges the construction and
maintenance of reservoirs and irrigating
systems for the reclamation of the and lands
of the West. Of the water rights It says:
'In the and states the only right to water
which should be recognized is that of use. Tn
irrigatioa this right should attach to the
land reclaimed and be Inseparable therefrom.
Granting perpetual water rights to othera
than users, without compensation to the
I public. Is open to all tee objections which
I apply to giving away perpetual franchises to
I the public utilities of "cities. A few of the
j Western states have already recognized this
I and have Incorporated in their constitutions
I the doctrine of perpetual state ownership of
water.
"Our aim should be nor simply to reclaim
the largest area of land and provide homes
I for the largest number of people, but to
j create for this new industry the best possible
social and Industrial conditions; and this re
( quires that we not only understand the ex
isting situation, but avail ourselves of the
best experience of the time In the solution
t of its problems. A careful study should b
i made, both by the nation and the states, of
1 the lngatlon laws and conditions here and
abroad. Ultimately it will probably be neces
t sarv for the nation to co-operate wtth the
several and states in proportion as these
states by their legislation and administration
show themselves at to receive It.
Development of Hawaii.
"In Hawaii our aim must be to develop the
territory on the traditional American lines.
We do not wish a region of large cities- tilled
by cheap labor- we wish a healthy Amen can
community of men who themselves till the
farms they own. All our legislation for the
Islands should be shaped wtth this end in
view- the well-being of the average home
maker must afford the true test of the
healthy development of the islands. The
land policy should as nearly a possible be
modeled on our homestead system.
"It is a pleasure to say that it is hardly
more necessary to report as to Porto Rico
than as to any state or territory within our
continental limits. The Island Is thriving as
never before, and it Is being administered
efficiently and honestly. Its people are now
enjoying liberty and order under the pro
tection of the United States, and upon this
fact we congratulate them and ourselves..
Their material welfare must be as carefully
and jealously considered as the welfare of
any other portion of our country. We have
given them the great gift of free access for
thetr products to the markets of the United
States. I ask the attention of the Congress
to the need of legislation concerning the pub
lic lands of Porto Rico.
Progress In Cuba.
"In Cuba such progress has been made to
ward putting the Independent government of
the island upon a firm footing that before the,
present session of the Congress closes this
will be an accomplished fact. Cuba will then
start as her own mistress: and to the beauti
ful Queen of the Antilles, as sher unfolds this
new page of her destiny, we extend our
heartiest greetings and good wishes. Else
where 1 have discussed the question of reci
procity In the case of Cuba, however, there
are weighty reasons of morality and of na
tional interest why the policy should be held '
to have a peculiar application, and I most 1
earnestly ask your attention to the wisdom. '
indeed to the vital need, of providing for a j
substantial reduction in the tariff duties on
Cuban imports into' the United States. Cuba '
has tn her constitution, amrmed wnat we de
sired, that she should, stand, in international
matters. In closer and more friendly relations
with us than with any other power: and we
are bound by every consideration of honor
and expediency to pass commercial measures
in the interest of her material well-being.
The Philippine Problem.
"In the Philippines our problem Is larger
They are very rich tropical islands, inhabi
ted by many varying tribes, representing
widely different stages of progress toward
1 civilization. Our earnest effort is to help
1 these-people upward along the stony and dlf-
I 3 cult path that leads to self-government. We
hope to make onr administration of the Is
lands honorable to our nation by making it
of the highest benefit, to the Filipinos them
I selves: and as an earnest of what we intend
to do. we point to what we Tiave done. Al
ready a greater measure of material prosper
ity and of governmental honesty and effici
ency has been attained In the Philippines
than ever before in their-history.
"In dealing with the Philippine people we
must show both patience and strength, for
bearance and steadfast resolution. Our aim
is high. We do not desire to do for the is
landers merely what. has elsewhere been done
for tropic peoples by even the best foreign
governments. W hope to do for them what
has nerer- before been done for any people
of. the tropics to make them fit for self
government after the fashion of th. really
free nations. ,,
"To leave the islands ar this time would
mean that they would fall into a welter of
murderous anarchy. Such desertion of. duty
on onr parr would, be a crime against" hu
manity. The character" of Governor Taft and
of hkt associates and subordinates is a proof,
ifsacn b. needed, of the sincerity of our ef
fort to give the islanders a constantly in
creasraar measure of self-government, exactly
as fast aa they show themselves fit to. exer
cise: it. Sine, the civil gavaramest
tablisbed not an asD-dntmest has
In the islands with any reference ta
aliens of political influence, or to
save the fitness of the man ami th.
ef the service.
"There are still troubles ahead in the Is
lands. The inanrrecttoa has become 1
of local andltti and marauder., whn
no Matter resard than the brlmtnna at
tlons of the old. world. EaeourageauBt. di
rect or indirect, to theaa insnrrectoe stand.
on the same footing a encouragement ta hen
tile Indians In the days when we sdll had In
dian wars. As we will do everything in onr
power for the Filipino who Is peaceful, we
will take the sternest measures with the
Filipinos who follow the path of the insur
recto and the ladrone.
"The time has come when there sttonld be
additional legislation for the Phlllpplnea.
Nothing better can be done for the islands
than to Introduce Industrial enterprises'.
Nothing would benefit them so much as
throwing them open to industrial develop
ment. It is therefore necessary that th.
Congress should pass laws by which the re
sources of the islands can be developed: s.
that franchises (for limited, terms ot years)
fnn be granted to companies doing business'
In them, and every encouragement he glrea
ta the incoming of business men of every
kind.
"I call your attention most earnestly ta th.
crying need of a cable to Hawaii and the
Philippines, to be continued from the Phil
ippines to paints in Asia. We should net
defer- a day longer- than necessary the con
struction of such a- cable. It is demanded
not merely for commercial but foe political
and military considerations.
"Either the Congress should immediately
provide for the construction of a govern
ment cable, or else an arrangement should
be made by which like advantages to those
accruing from a government cable may be
secured to the government by contract with
a pifvate cable company.
Recommends wonranaai Canal.
"No single great material work which re
mains to be undertaken on this continent is
of such consequence to the American people
as the building of a canal across the Isthmus
connecting North and South America. While
its beneficial effects would perhaps he mail
marked upon the Pacific coast and the gulf
and South Atlantic states, it would also
greatly benefit other sections. It is em
phatically a work which it is for the interest
of the entire country to begin and complete
as soon as possible; it is one of those-great
works which only a great nation can under
take with prospects of success, and which
when done are not only permanent assets
in the nation's material interests, bur stand
ing monuments to Its constructive ability.
"I am glad to be able to announce to you
that our negotiations on this subject wtth
Great Britain, conducted on both sides in a
spirit of friendliness and mutual good will,
and respect, have resulted In my being able
to lay before the Senate a treaty which if
ratified will enable us to begin preparations
for an Isthmian canal at any time, and which
guarantees to this nation every right that
it has ever asked In connection with1 the
canal. In this treaty, the old Clayton-Bul-wer
treaty, so long recognized as inadequate
to supply the base for the construction and
maintenance of a necessarily American ship
canal, is abrogated. It specifically provides
that the United States alone shall do the
work of building and assume the responsi
bility of safeguarding the canal and shall
regulate Its neutral use by all nations on
terms of equality without the guaranty or
Interference of any outside nation from any
quarter. The signed treaty will at once be
laid before the Senate, and If approved the
Congress can then proceed to give effect to
the advantages It secures us by providing for
the building of the canal.
"The true end of evry great and free peo
ple should be self-respecting peace: and this
nation most earnestly desires sincere and
cordial friendship with all others. Over the
entire world, of recent years, wars between
the great civilized powers have become less
and less frequent. Wars with barbarous or
sml-barbarous peoples come In an entirely
different category, being merely a most re
grettable but necessary International police
duty which must be performed for the sake
of the welfare of mankind. Peace can only
be kept with certainty where both sides wish
to keep it: but more and more the civilized
peoples are realizing the wicked folly of war
and aro attaining that condition of Just and
intelligent regard for the rights of others
which will in the end. as we hope and be
lieve, make world-wide peace possible. The
peace conference at The Hague gave definite
expression to this hope and belief and mark
ed a stride toward their attainment.
Th. Jf
"This same peace conference acquiesced in
our statement of the Monroe doctrine as
compatible with the purposes and aims of
the conference.
"The Monroe doctrine should be the car
dinal feature of the foreign policy of all the
nations of the two Americas, as it Is of the
United States. The doctrine is a declara
tion that there must be no territorial ag
grandizement by any non-American power at
the expense of any American power on Amer
ican soli. It is In no wise Intended as hostile
to any nation in the old world. Still less Is
It intended to give cover to any aggression
by one new world power at the expense of
any other It is simply a step, and a long
step, toward assuring the universal peace of
the world by securing the possibility of per
manent peace on this hemisphere.
This doctrine has nothing to do with the
commercial relations of any American power,
save that it in truth allows each of them to
form such as It desires. In other words. It
is really a guaranty of the commercial In
dependence of the Americas. We do not ask
under this doctrine for any exclusive com
mercial dealings with any other American
state. We do not guarantee any state against
punishment if It misconducts Itself, pro
vided that punishment does not take the
form of the acquisition of territory by any
non-American power.
"Our attitude in Cuba Is a sufficient guar
anty of our own good faith. We have not
the slightest desire to secure any territory
at the expense of any of our neighbors. We
wish to work with them hand in hand, so
that all of us may be uplifted together, and
we rejoice over the good fortune of any of
them, we gladly hail their material prosper
ity and political stability, and are concerned
and alarmed if any of them fall into Indus
trial or political chaos. We do not wish to
see any old world military power grow up on
this continent, or to be compelled to become
a military power ourselves. The peoples of
the Americas can prosper best if left to work
our their own salvation in their own way.
Powerful Navy CrsmeV
"The work cf upbuilding the nary must be
steadily continued. Whether we desire It or
not; we must henceforth recognize that we
have international duties no lees than Inter
national -rights. Even if our flag were haul
ed down in the Philippines and Porto Rico,
even if we decided not to build the Isthmian
canal, we should need a thoroughly trained
navy of adequate size, or else be prepared
definitely and for all time to abandon the
Idea that our nation is among those whose
sons go down to the sea in ships. Unless
our commerce is always to be carried in for
eign bottoms, we must have war craft to
protect it.
"So far from being in any way a provoca
tion to war. an adequate and highly trained
navy Is the. best guaranty against war, the
cheapest and most 'effective peace Insurance.
The cost of building and maintaining such a
navy represents the very lightest premium
for Insuring paece which, this nation can
possibly pay.
"Probably no other great nation in the
world is so anxious for peace as we are.
There is not a single civilized power which
has anything whatever to fear from ag
gressiveness on our part. All we want is
peace: and toward this end we wish to be
able to secure the same respect- for our
rights In return, to Insure fair treatment to
us commercially, and to guarantee the-safety
of the American people.
"Our people intend to abide by the Mon
roe doctrine and to insist upon It as the one
sure means of securing the peace of the
Western hemisphere. The navy offers us the
only means of making our insistence upon
the Monroe doctrine anything but a sub
ject of derision to whatever nation chooses
to disregard it. We desire the peace which
comes as- of right to the just man armed;
not the peace granted on terms of ignominy
to the craven and the weakling
"It is not possible to improvise a nary
after war breaks out. The ships must be
built and the men trained long, in advance.
In the hue war with Ssaln the ships that
dealt the decisive mows at Manila and San
tiago had been launched from two to four
teen years, and they were able to do as they
did because the men In the conning towers.
the- gun turrets and the engine-roams had
through long years of practice at sea learned
how to de their- duty."
"It was forethought and preparation which,
secured us. the overwhelming- triumph of 183C
It we fail to show forethought and prepara
tion now. there may come a time when dis
aster will befall us instead' of 'triumph: and
should this time come.' the fault will rest
primarily, sot upon those, whom the acci
dent of events puts !n supieme command at
the moment, but upon those who hare failed
to prepare in advance.
"There should be no cessation In the work
ot completing our navy. It is unsafe and
unwise not to provide this year for several
additional battleships and heavy, armored
cruisers, with auxiliary, and 'lighter craft In
proportion: for the exact numbers and char
acter L refer you Jo the lepuit of the Secre
tary of the Navy. But there is something we
seed even more than additional ships.', and
this, is additional officers and men. To pro
vide battleships and .cruisers' and then lay
them up. .with the expectation of leaving
them unmanned until they are needed in
actual war. would be worse than folly, it
would be a crime against the nation.
"To send any warship against a competent
enemy 'unless these aboard it have been
trained by. years of actual sea. sen lee. in
otading incessant gunnery, practice, would be
to invite net merely disaster; but. the bitterest-
shame and humiliation. Four theuennd
additional seamen sad' one tsnumad eddl-.'
clonal marines should, he provided; asm an
im the omcers shssud har sravlaed
a tart addltlaa ta th
7W new have sarestetn bsttlesbiaa ss
ssanriated far. ot which nine are completed
sat have been commlsstoaed far actaal aerv
lca. The r stwlna aiaht- will be ready la
two to four years, bat. It will take at
that, than to recruit- sad train the men
ta tght them. It Is ot vast concern that we
hasw trained crews randy tor the reseats by
the time they are rnrnmtealoaed Good aaipi
aad goad guas are simply apod weapons, sad
th. best weapons are ussiaaa asve la the
ox men whs know new to tight witn
The men must be trained aad drilled
nader a thorough and well-planned system
ot progressive instruction, while the recruit
ins; mast be carried on with still greater
(Tiajor.
"The naval militia forces are state organl
sttsna. aad are trained for coast service, and
la event of war they will constitute the innes
lias of defense. They should receive hearty
enconreaaaiiiiu from the general government.
"But- in addition we should ar once pro
vtd. for a Nattsaal Naval Reserve, organized
aad trained under the direction of the Nary
Department, aad. subject to the call ot ths
Chief . Executive whenever war becomes immi
nent. It should be a real auxiliary to ths
naval seagoing peace establishment, and of
fer natertsl to be drawn on at once for
"iit"i oar ships in time ot war. It should
he coaspaaad at graduates of the Naval Acad
emy,, graduatea of the Naval Militia, omcers
aa. crews of coast-Use steamers.- longshore
nsansaera, mntsac ressels. and: steam' yachts,
together wtth the coast population, about
such centers as life-saving stations and light
houses. Seam far Powerful "saTy.
"The American people must either build
and maintain an adequate navy or else make
up their minds definitely to accept a sec
ondary position in international affairs, not
merely la political, but in commercial, mat
ters. It has been well said that there Is no
surer way at courting national disaster than
to be 'opulent, aggressive, and unarmed.'
"It la not necessary to increase our army
beyond its present size at this time. But it
ia necessary to keep it at the highest point
of efficiency.
"Every effort should be made to bring the
army to a constantly increasing state of ef
ficiency. When on actual service no work
save that directly in the line of such service
should be required. The psper work In the
army, as in the nary, should be greatly, re
duced. What Is needed is proved power of
command and capacity to work well In the
field. Constant care Is necessary to prevent
dry rot in the transportation and commis
sary departments.
"The Congress should provide means where
by it will be possible to have field exercises
by at least a division of regulars, and if
possible also a division ot national guards
men, once a year.
"Only actual handling and providing for
men in msiari while they are marching,
camping, embarking, and disembarking, will
It be possible to train the higher officers to
perform their duties well and smoothly.
"A great debt Is owing from the public to
the men of the army and navy. They should
be so treated as to enable them to reach the
highest point of efficiency, so that they may
be able to respond instantly to any demand
made upon them to sustain the Interests of
the nation and the honor of the flag. The
individual American enlisted man Is prob
ably on the whole a more formidable fighting
man than the regular of any other army.
Every consideration should be shown him.
and in return the highest standard of use
fulness should be exacted from him. It is
well worth while for the Congress to con
slder whether the pay of enlisted men upon
second and subsequent enlistments should
not be Increased to correspond wtth the In
creased value ot the veteran soldier.
militia Laws Obsolete.
"Action should be taken In reference to the
militia and to the raising ot volunteer forces.
Our militia law Is obsolete and worthless.
The organization and armament of the Na
tional Guard of the several states, which aro
treated as militia In t&e appropriations by
the Congress, should be made identical with
those provided for the regular forces. The
obligations and duties of the Guard In time
ot war should be carefully defined, and a
system established by law under which the
method of procedure of raising volunteer
forces should be prescribed in advance. It
Is utterly Impossible In the excitement and
haste of impending war to do this satisfac
torily if the arrangements hare not been
made long beforehand. Provision should be
'made for utilizing In the first volunteer or
ganizations called out the training of those
citizens who have already had experience un
der arms; and especially for the selection In
advance of the officers of any force which
may be raised; for careful selection of the
kind necessary is impossible after the out
break of war.
That the army is not at all a mero In
strument of destruction has been shown dur
ing the last three years. In the Philippines.
Cuba and Porto Rico it has proved itself a
great constructive force, a most potent Im
plement for the upbuilding of a peaceful civ
ilization. Eoiogy of Veterans.
"No other citizens deserve so well of the
republic as the veterans, the survivors ot
those who saved the union. They did the
one deed which it left undone would have
meant that all else In our history went for
nothing. But for their steadfast prowess In
the greatest crisis of our history, all our
annals would be meaningless, and our great
experiment In popular freedom and self-government
a gloomy failure. Moreover, they
not only left us a united nation, but they left
us also as a heritage the memory of the
mighty deeds by which the nation was kept
united. We are now indeed one nation, one
tn fact as well as in name; we are united
In our derotton to the flag which is the sym
bol of all national greatness and unity; and
the very completeness of our union enables
us all. In every part of the country, to glory
in the valor shown alike by the sons of the
North and the sons of the South la the
times that tried men's souls.
Merit System Kadorsed.
"The merit system of making appointments
is in its essence as democratic and American
as the common schools system Itself. It sim
ply means that in clerical and other positions
where the duties are entirely non-polltlcal.
all applicants should have a fair field and
no favor, each standing on his merits as he
ia able to show them by practical test. Writ
ten competitive examinations offer the only
available means In many cases for applying
this system. In other cases, as where la
borers are employed, a system of registra
tion undoubtedly can be widely extended.
There are, of course, places where the writ
ten competitive examination cannot be ap
plied, and others where It offers by no means
an Ideal solution, but where under existing
political conditions It is. though an imperfect
means, yet the best present means cf get
ting satisfactory results.
"It is Important to hare this system ob
tain at. home, but it is even more important
to have it applied rigidly in our Insular pos
sessions. The administration of these Islands
should be as wholly free from the suspicion
of partisan politics as the administration of
the army and navy. All that we ask from
the public servant In the Philippines or Porto
Rico Is that he reflect honor on his country
by the way lnr which he makes that coun
try's rule a benefit to the peoples who have
come under it. This is all that we should
ask. and we cannot afford to he content with
Treats
t at Indiana
The message points out the defects in our
present consular service, and recommends the
passage of bills now before Congress that
will Increase Its efficiency. Ot the Indian
problem it says-
"In my judgment the time has arrived
when we should definitely make up our minds
to recognize the Indian as an individual and
not as a member of a tribe. The General
Allotment Act is a mighty pulverizing engine
to break up the tribal mass. It acts direct
ly upon, the family ot the Individual. Under
its provisions some sixty thousand Indians
have already become citizens of the United
States. We should now break up the tribal
funds, doing for them what allotment does
for the tribal lands: that Is. they should be
divided into Individual holdings. A stop
should be put. upon the indiscriminate per
' mission to Indians to lease their allotments.
The effort should he steadily to make the
Indian work like any other man on his own
ground. The marriage laws of the Indians
should be made the same as those ot the
whites.
"In dealing with the aboriginal races few
things are more important than to preserve
hem -from the terrible physical and moral
degradation resulting from the liquor traf
fic We are doing all we can to save onir own
Indian tribes from this evil. Wherever by
international agreement this same end can be
attained as regards races where we do not
possess exclusive control, every effort should
be made to bring It about.
"I.' bespeak the moat, cordial support from
the Congress and 'the people for the St. Louis
Exposition to 'Commemorate the One Hun
dredth Anniversary of the Louisiana Par
chase. This purchase was the greatest in
, stance of expansion In our- history. It def
initely derided that we were to become a
great continental republic by. far the fore-most-power
in the Western Hemisphere. The
national government snould be represented
ar the exposition by a lull and complete- set
of exhibits.
"The. people of Charleston, with great en
ergy sad ctrle spirit, are carrying on an ex.
.position which-wiH continue throughout mott
ot the present, wlim of the Congress. I
heartily commend this exposition to the gaod
will at .the people. It deserves air the en
cauragement that can be given it
"For the sake of good administration, sound
economy., and the advancement ot science, the
Census Ohtce as now constituted should be
made a permanent- government- bureau. This--snsld
Insure better; cheaper- and. more sat
isfactory work.. in the Interest nee only of
bar 01 statistic economic ana
"The remarkable growth of the postal aer
rlce la shown in the fact that Its ia reason
hare doubled aad Its expenditures hare near
ly doubled within twelve years. Its srearsa
atre development compela csastaatly 1st rasa
lng outlay, but In this period of business oa
ergy asd prosperity its receipts grow ss much
faster than its expenses that the annual de
ficit has been steadily reduced from 81.411.
7"9 in 1T to C93.Tr: in ISM. Among recent
postal advances the success of rural frea
delivery wherever established has beea sa
marked, and actual experience has msds Its
benefits so plain, that the demand for its ex
tension Is general and urgent
Grawtai of Postal
"It is just thst the great agricultural papu
lation should share In the Improvement of th
service. The number of rural routes now la
operation Is 6.009. practically all established
within three years, and there are 6,08t appli
cations awaiting action. It Is expected that
the number In operation at the cloee of th.
current fiscal year will reach 8.G08. The mail '
will then be dally carried to the doers ot
5.700.009 ot our people who have heretofore
been dependent upon distant offices, aad one
third of all that portion of the country which
is adapted' to it will be covered by this kind
ot service.
1-CIass man Xattatn.
"The full measure ot postal progress which
might be realised has long been hampered
and obstructed by the heavy burden Imposed
on the government through the intrenched
and weH-UBderstoed abuses which bar.
grown up in connection with second-class
mail matter. The extent of this burden ap
pears when it is stated that while the second-class
matter makes nearly three-dfths ot
the weight ot all the mall. It paid for th
last fiscal year only $4.-M.445 ot the aggre
gate postal revenue of S111.63L193. It the
pound rate of postage, which produces th
large loss thus entailed, and which was fixed
by the Congress with the purpose of encour
aging the dissemination of public informa
tion, were limited to the legitimate newa
papers and periodicals actually contemplated
by the law, no just exception could be taken.
That expense would be the recognised asd
accepted cost of a liberal public policy de
liberately adopted for a justifiable end. But
much of the matter which enjoys the privi
leged rate is wholly outside of the intent at
the law, and has secured admission only
through an evasion of Its requirements or
through lax construction. The proportion of
such wrongly Included matter is estimated
by postal experts to be one-halt of the whole
volume of second-class mail. If It be only
one-third or one-quarter, the magnitude ot
the burden is apparent. The Postoffice De
partment has now undertaken to remove the
abuses so far as is posstble by a stricter ap
plication of the law; and It should be sus
tained in Its effort."
"We view with lively Interest and keen
hopes ot beneficial results the procedlngs of
the Pan-American Congress, convoked at the
Invitation of Mexico, and now sitting at the
Mexican capital. The delegates of the United
States are under the most liberal Instructions
to co-operate with their colleagues in all
matters promising advantage to the great
family of American commonwealths, as well
in their relations among themselves ss ia
their domestic advancement and In their
Intercourse with the world at large.
The occurrences arising from the "Boxer"
outbreak in China are reviewed in detail, and
the steps taken to secure to the United States
its share of the trade of the Orient are ex
plained. The message concludes:
"The death of Queen Victoria caused the
people of the United States deep and heart
felt sorrow, to which the government gave
full expression. When President McKlnley
died, our nation In turn received from every
'quarter of the British empire expressions of
grief and sympathy no less sincere. The
death of the Empress Dowager Frederick of
Germany also aroused the genuine sympathy
of the American people; and this sympathy
'was cordially reciprocated by Germany when
the President was assassinated. Indeed, from
every quarter of the civilized world we re
ceived, at the time of the President's death,
assurances of such grief and regard as to
touch the hearts of our people. In the midst
of our affliction we reverently thank the Al
mighty that we are at peace with the nations
of mankind: and we firmly intend that our
policy shall be such as to continue unbroken
these International relations of mutual re
spect and good will.
THEODORE ROOSEVELT.
White House. December 3. 1S01.
Girls Whip a Panther.
Anna Carter and Myrtle Lore, liv
ing near Grant's pass, Oregon, not long
ago fouglit and whipped a panther,
though neither of the girla had a wea
pon more deadly than a good-sired
roclr. The girls are nieces of Jndge
Hanna. who owns a large farm, and
were engaged in washing clothes at a
creek not far irom the house, when one
of them saw a large panther crouching
within twenty feet of them. The big;
brute was evidently getting ready to
spring at them. Miss Carter, who flrat
caught sight of the animal, had an
armful of clothes. These she flung at
the panther just as he rose in the air.
The brute became entangled in a sheet
and before it could claw itself free the
girls had poured in on his ribs and
head a shower of rocks which they had
picked up. The unexpected attack
completely rattled the panther, which
darted away with a snarling cry. Then
the girls ran to the house and sent a
couple of armed men after the prowler.
That evening a handsome panther skin
was nailed on the side of the barn.
Xot Up la Geography.
A certain minister of Greater New
York is determined that his young
daughter shall not know the dark side
of orthodox religion. The mis3 went
to the country with her mother during
the past summer, and there found a
playmate in the youthful daughter of
a village teacher. One day the follow
ing conversation was overheard:
"You've told a story," said the village
girl accusingly. "Don't you know
where folks go that tell stories?"
"No," replied the New York miss.
"Where do they go7" "They so to
hell." "Where's hell?" "Why, Mamie
Blank, you a minister's daughter and
don't know where hell is!" "Well, t
don't care," answered the accused. "I
never was in a geography class in my
life." New York Times.
.Tavenil. Dlaerimiantloa.
A little Germantown (Pa.) boy, who
goes to Sunday school every Sunday,
always receives a nickel from his
father to place in the collection plate.
Last Sunday his father gave him two
nickels, saying: "One is for the Lord
and the other is for yourself." As it
was too early to start for Sunday
school, the little boy sat on the porch
steps in the warm sunshine, playing
with the two nickels. After a while
he dropped one of them and it disap
peared down a crack. Without a mo
ment's hesitation and still clutching
the remaining coin in his clenched fiat,
he looked up at his father, exclaiming:
"Oh, pop! there goes the Lord's nick
el " Philadelphia Record.
Reversing His Surname.
Ernest Seton-Thompson. the well
known writer and author, has been
granted permission by Justice Bischoff
m the New York supreme court to
change his name to that of Ernest
Thomnson-Seton. Mr. Seton-Thompson
in his petition said that the snr
name ot Thompson was a pseudonym
adopted by his family, which hid from
the English government after having
taken part in the Jacobite rebellion in
1745:
A. Chain of Evils.
"L told you." said the teacher, apolo
getically to Tommy, "that I should
whip you it'you did not tell your father
you had run away from school, didn't
IT' "Thars all right." responded
Thomas. T didn't tell him: Qm of
your llckin's is a picnic by the side of
one of dad's." Stray Stories.
WHAT A LEAOIfM AMIK.T1llltSr
SAYS OF WESTERM CANAOA.
Ity Gtrea am Ci
In a letter to "The Parraar," St. Paul,
dated Sept. 1st, 1901. Prof. Thosaas
Shaw of the Minnesota State Univer
sity has the following to say, after
having made a trip throwghi Waatarn
Canada:
"The capabilities of the immense
area known as Western Canada are hut
little understood an this side of the
line. Our people are apt to look upon
it as a region of frost and snow, a
country in which but a small portion
of the land relatively will ever be till
able, because of the rigors of the cli
mate. True, the climate Is cold in win
ter, but Western Canada has. neverthe
less, just that sort of climate which
makes it the most reliable wheat pro
ducing country In all the continent.
Western Canada is not only an Im
mense area, bat-thw- aaaaa- descriptloa
will apply to those portions of ths
snuntry that are capable of being suc
sansfully tilled or grazed. Nearly all
f the prairie Province of Manitoba
can be brought under cultivation, al
though probably not one-third of its
surface has been laid open by the plow.
Assinibaia to the west ia a grain and
stock country. Saskatchewan to the
north of Assiniboia has high adapta
tion for the same. This also may be
aid of Alberta to the west. Here lies
what may be termed a grain-growing
and stock producing empire, the re
sources of which have been but little
drawn upon comparatively, viewyd
from the standpoint of the agricultur
alist. When it is called to mind that
even in the Peace River country In
Athabasca, and several hundreds of
miles north of the Canadian boundary,
wheat was grown which won a pre
mium at the World's Fair in 1S93. the
capabilities of this country in wheat
production loom up more brightly than
even the brilliant northern lights of
the land that lies toward the pole.
Adapteat ta Stock aad Grain
The region under consideration is.
however, mainly adapted to growing
grain and grazing stock. Much of it ia
adapted to growing both grain and
stock, but certain areas, especially to
wards the mountains, are only adapted
to ranching, except where irrigation
will yet be introduced. This, of course,
can be done successfully along the
many streams that flow down from the
Rockies and water the country towards
the east and north. The adaptation of
the country far wheat production Is of
a high character. The coal nights
that usually characterize the ripening
season are eminently favorable to the
filling of the grain, and to the secur
ing of a plump berry, and consequently
large yields. The crop this year is a
magnificent one. In Manitoba and the
territories it should certainly give an
average of more than 20 bushels per
acre. But should the yield be not more
than 20 bushels, the crap will be a
most handsome one. owing to the large
area sown to wheat. Many farmers
only grow grain. But those who do
succeed as well in growing oats and
barley a3 in growing wheat, hence
these foods for stock should always be
abundant. Some grow cattle mainly,
and others combine the two. The last
named, of course, is doubtless the saf
est of the three during a long course
Df years, that is to say, where much
farming is practicable.
Quality .f tb. tlvw Stock.
It was a p'easurable surprise to
note the high quality of the stack.
The average of quality in cattle is
higher than the average of cattle in our
nate. unless in the dairy classes. This
opinion is not reached rashly or with
aiit ample opportunity for investiga
tion. I spent three long days in the
how ring at Winnipeg making the
lwanis in the beef classes. E question
If any of our states, single handed,
could make such a showing in cattle.
It was my privilege to make the
awards at several shows and at all of
their fairs were evidences that much
attention Is given to the improvement
3f the stock. I noted carefully the
character of the herds that grazed
along the railroad and everywhere the
high average of the quality of the stock
was in evidence.
Reasons for Qnallty In Stock.
The quality of the grass Is good.
Many of the settlers came from On
tario and had been schooled as to the
value of good stock before going west.
The railroads and the government
have taken a deep Interest In making
It less difficult and costly to the farm
ers to secure good males.
Those who are anxious of changing
their resilience should bear in mind
that the lands in Western Canada aro
many of them free and others reason
ably cheap.
Information will gladly be given by
any agent of the Canadian government,
whose advertisement appears else
where. Our Flrt "A lnw Prultlnat.
President Roosevelt is the first occu
pant of the White House, says some
body who has looked it up. in whose
name the letter "a " does not appear.
Not only has that letter appeared in
the names of all previous president,
but also in the names of nearly every
one of the sixty-one Americans who
have received votes for presidents in
the electoral college down to William
J. Bryan. There are only eight excep
tions to this rule.
Clothes Get Sick
And cannot be ironed into ahapej
again without the introduction of a
starch with medicinal properties. Defl- i
ance starch contains the solution that
brings all washable gootis back to
health-or newness. It makes any wash
able arcticle of apparel look like new.
Any grocer will sell you a Ib'-oz. pack
age for 10 cents. Use it once and you
will never buy any other. Made by
Magnetic Starch Co.. Omaha. Neb.
aiay Still B. Had at an Advance.
Chartreuse is not to go as a result of
the abandonment of the famous old
monastery where it has always been
made. One of the brethren has be
come a secular priest for the express
purpose of looking after the liqueur.
The price is to be advanced. .
pub a j little butter on. the Angers
and on lae n.nife when seeding raisins
to avoid the stickiness.
A wise man enjoys the little he has
while the fool is looking for more.'
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A Weekly Republican.
Newspaper Derated to the
of X 2
Columbus,
THE-
County of Platte,
The State of
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THE
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and the
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'j j ji
The Unit of Measure with
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HENRY GASS.
...UNDERTAKER.-
Coffins and Metallic
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Columbumt rVasb.
M. llWaa
i
Columbus
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Columbus
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