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About The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911 | View Entire Issue (March 30, 1898)
3 SJSa-? -?, " -wr- ""STirc .-1 .J- --, j'k s ii.; 5 -. ig '&asw5fc A ? -':3;- -- fc &r- VOLUME XXVIII.NUMBER 51. COLUMBUS. NEBRASKA WEDNESDAY. MARCH 30, 1898 WHOLE NUMBER 1,455. iSv . . .. --v. m CaMps Marital 8 b ? o o , 3 ivft it e o Kr (J 2&- ; i , ST." e js r I.. . i a & O I V o s - 1- r - 1 i' I . I S 3 fu O '&? ifej fe lO 3 THE OLD RELIABLE. ColumbusStateBank (Oldest Bank in th gtata.) fays literal nTwDejeili late Loan n B-J31 fctatt MOI HOST BBACTS Ml OxiAha, CMcsc, New Terk aad -K.- . aILFreIg Gentries. SELLS STEAMSHIP TICKETS. BUYS GOOD NOTES And help. Its customers when they noed k.! OFTICEHS AND DITCECTOKS: Lsxxdeb GEniLUin, Frcs't. "R. H. HEXEr, Vice Pres'i.. 31 Beuggee, Cashitr. JOIIS SrACTFEH, Wit Bccmes. coMia Bi OF COLUMBUS. NEB., HAS AX Authorized Capital of - $500,000 Part in Capital, - - 90,000 orriCEUS: C H. BITET.DON. Pres"t- 11. I. H. OFIILKR H. Vice Pre. DANIEL s-CHRAM. Cashier. rRANK KUUElt, Asat. Cash'. DIRECT RS: C. H. SnELTo?:. II. P. II. OKnr.mcH, Jonas Welch, W. a. McAllister, Cacl Riexte. P. C. Grat. Fiumc liour.Eiu ETOCKI1 LPERS: arelpa Ellis, J. Hexhy TTCRwesiA!, UKKCnAT, IlENBT LOSEKE. Daniel Sen ram. Geo. . Callet, A. K. H. Oehlrich. J. P. Reckxb Estate Rebecca Becker, II. 31. Wixslow. Bak of Deposit; interest allcwed on tlei epr!ts; bjiy and sell exchange on United States and ttirope. and buy and e!I avail able secnrlties. We shall te pleased to re ceive yoar business. We solicit jour par raaass. Columbus Journal! A weekly newspaper de voted tbs best interests of COLUMBUS THE COUNTY OF PUnE, The State of Nebraska THE UNITED STATES m THE REST OF MANKIND The unit of wis i with $1.50 A VEAR. IF PAID IX ASTAVC& Bat ear limit of mzefalBess c is not prescribed tr dollars and cents. Sample copiea seat free to any adilreaa. HENRY GASS, UlIDERT A TTEt ! Cofflms : ud : Metallic : Cases ! WBapatTimg of aBkindaof VpTioi aterjGaods. Ut GOLT71fSrB.5ZBBa6KA. GoiumDus journal abtd to rcasxsn KXQCIKZQOr A PRINTING OFFICE. COUNTRY. CAMPEERE SKETCHES. GOOD SHORT STORIES FORTH! VETERANS. O Captain! 3fy Captala Xartfar ITer loa A Cross ea Ges. Gnat's Tomb Echoes of the Tl'ar Uaccln's Logic. O Captain. My CaptaZa! ("Old Favorites SerieV) CAPTAn: my Cip tain! our fearful ;jrrv . trip Is done The slUp has -weaU.- er'd every ra:lc. the prize ire sought is won. The port Is nenr. the fcells I he.ir. the. 'people all exulting. While fellow eyes ths steady keel. the vessel grita and, daring; -Eut-0'hcart!"heirl!-ne3rt" O the bleeding drops of red. Where on the deck ir.y Captain lies. Fallen cold and dead. O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hir the bells; Rise up for you the flag i3 flung for ycu the bugle trills. For you bouquets and ribbon'd wreaths for you the shores a-crowding. For you they call, the ewaylng mas-i. their eager faces turning: Here. Captain! dear father! This arm beneath your head It is some dream that on th deck You've fallen cold and dead. My Captain does not ans-arer, his lips ar- pale and still. My father does not feel my arm be hail no pulse ncr will. The ship is anchor"d saTe and sound, Iti: voyage closed and done. From fearful trip the victor ship oomei In with object won: Exult. O shores and rii:g. O bells! Eut I with mournful tread. Walk the deck my Captain lies, Fallen cold and di;ad. Walt Whitman. Tactrnl rcnna!Ioc. Among General Chalmers' troops, during the civil war, was a Mississippi regiment composed of boys from 12 to 14 years old, and old men from 0 to 75. They had responded to a call for troops, and were mischievously known by the nickname, "Tax in Kind." For each farmer in the Confederacy had given the government ten per cent of his crops, which was thus designated; and a rascal among the regular troop3, one day seeing a little boy with an old squirrel rifle twice as long as its owner, said to him, "Are you Tax in Kind?" and the phrase stuck. Before going into camp, on the first night near Memphis, the colonel of the Tax in Kind regiment approached Gen. Chalmers and asked: "Are we not in the state of Tennes see?" "Yes: this is Shelbv county." "Well, sir," said the colonel, "my men volunteered to defend Mississippi. Ycu would not allow us to bring cook ing utensils, and we have no bread; therefore, I shall return to my state." "Well," said the general, "let us talk about it." They walked along to the camp fire, and he continued, to the man who was busy there: "Jim, get to work. I have invited Colonel to take supper with me. Give us the best yon have." Jim started up the fire, and made his preparations. He stirred up some dough in a bucket, filled some com busks with it, and covered them up in the hot ashes. Then he sliced some fat bacon, and broiled it ever the coals on the end of a stick. Meanwhile, as the colonel watched these homely proceedings, the general recited to him the story of the Alamo. He told how the hundred and seventy two patriots, under Colonel Travis, re sisted the attack of Santa Anna with his three thousand Mexicans, and how Colonel Travis, when he found that all hope had departed, announced the fact to his men, saying, "I will die like a man for my country." Then, with his sword he made a line on the floor and called on those who would sacrifice all for freedom to cross it. "And do yon know," concluded Gen. Chalmers, "they all crossed it but oe. His name was Rose." "A hundred boys who had been lis tening to the story, applauded it, and at the moment of its conclusion, Jim announced the supper was ready. He began handing about ash cakes in the shape of an ear of corn, and slices of bacon. Ths colonel was thoughtful. He took a bite cr two, and then he spoke: "General, I see the point. I-can stand It if you can. If my boys are willing. we will stay." "Stay, colonel, stay!" cried the boys, with one accord. And stay they did. "Lincoln" Logic. It is said that Lincoln's acuteness in analysis and logical powers were trace able to his complete masteryofEudid's propositions. Certainly whenever he attempted to prove or disprove a thing he did it. A story told by United States Judge C. G. Foster, and printed in the Syracuse-Standard, illustrates his logical faculty. In the winter before Lincoln was nominated for President he visited Kansas, and made speeches at Troy and Atchison. At the hotel In Atchi son where in stayed. General String fellow. John A. Martin and Judge Fos ter called upon hvm. In the course of the conversation Mr. Lincoln turned to General Stringfellow, who played a prominent part in the effort to bring Kans&s into the Union as a slave state. "General Stringfellow," he said, "you pro-slavery fellows gave as one rea son why slavery should not be pro hibited in Kansas that only the negro could treak up the tough prairie sod. 2Cow, vve broken hundreds of "acres cf prairie sod in my time, and the only question which remains to be decided is whi.ther I aj a white xzn or a negro." Genirral Stringfellow laughingly 2d mittect the force cf the quaint argu ment, and conKratulated Mr. Lincoln npon his pointed, logical way of put ting things. Zckocj of the War. WSen General O. O. Howard was in Chattanooga tt other day, a beggar, with a withered arm, from which the fingers and pari of the hand were miss ing, ease up vo him and asked for alms. The geiral. with a twinkle in his eye. held oct his ensnrv sleeve and said: "You are better off than I am.j for you have your arm left, while I j ft&ve lost r-d2." The cripple gazed at "r iae empty sImvb fir Jt nwiWiT. hm9 tkea extract tfteta nts horn Ut pocket oT kia tattetmi jean trousers. "Here," he amid, turning to General Howard; "tkls Is all Tre got, but ycrn're welcome te it" There was a general laugh at the expense of the distin guished commander of the Department of the East, and he made the man happy by giving him a silver dollar. "One summer," said Colonel William M. Ollin at a college fraternity dinner. "a rew years after the war. Colonel Higginson was traveling In the Sonth, and he got to talking with a fanner in some little town, who was employing a considerable number of men at his haying. The farmer told Colonel Hig ginson that most of, them were old Confederate soldiers. "You see over there, where those four men are working? asked he Well, allof 'em fonght in the war. Oni of 'em was. a private, ene of em wal man 'way over In the corner was x coloneL' " 'Are they good men?' asked Colon Higginson. "'Well,' said the farmer, 'that prl vate's a first-class man, and the cof poral's pretty good, too.' " 'But how about the major and th colonel? " 'The major Is so so,' said the fanr er. " 'But the coloneir " 'Well, I don't want to say nothir against any man who was a colonel U the war.' said the farmer, 'but IV made up my mind I won't hire n brigadier-generals.' " As a regiment was on the march to Gettysburg, some of the soldiers stepped out of ranks and "confiscated" a couple of geese, and at the sugges tion of an ingenious fellow and a na tural "bummer," one of the drummers unheaded his instrument and put the captured birds in the drum. Shortlj afterward the colonel came along, an noticing the boy shirked his usua drum whack3, rode up to him and said "Why don't you beat that drum" "Colonel," said the startled musicia: "I want to speak to you." The colonel drew still closer to hin and bending down his head, salt "Well, what have you got to say?" The drummer whispered, "Colone; I've got a couple of geese in here." The colonel straightened up am gravely said, "Well, if you're sick am can't play you needn't," and then rodi on. It is needless to add that the colone! had roast goose that night. , Cross on Grant. Tomb. For a few minutes just at sunset every clear day, says a New York pa per, an enormous cross cf dazzling whiteness may be seen flashing on the western front of Grant's monu ment. The cros3 is set near the cen ter of the circular row of polished marble pillars which crown the bass of the tomb. This remarkable decoration is not in the least mysterious or occult. It is formed by the reflection of the bright sunlight on the curious combination oj pillars and windows which the archi tects of the tomb inadvertently ar ranged for it. The shape of the monu ment is such that the cross appears only when the rays of the setting sua have fallen to an almost horizontal line with it as the sun sinks behind ths Palisades. The Proper Way. Some years ago many farmers along the line of a certain railroad brought suit against it and engaged a young lawyer named Brown. Judge Gantt, who was presiding, was compelled to throw many of the cases out of court because they were improperly brought. Brown was mad all over. Swelling with indignation, he arose and said, "Your honor, will you please tell me how it is possible in this, court to get justice against a railroad company?" Judge Gantt quietly ignored the con tempt of court shown by the lawyer and asked: "Do you wish an answer to that question, Mr. Brown?" "Yes, sir," defiantly replied the indignant lawyer; "yes, sir, and I want to know how a farmer can get his case int this court so that it will be heard." Judge Gantt smiled and said: "Well, first, Mr. Brown, I'd advise the farmex to hire a lawyer." Brown wilted. Chicago News. 3fot Extravagance. Fuddy "Isn't Mis3 Smarte a littll extravagant? I notice she wears silk about every day In the week. Don't think I ever saw Iter in calico." "Dud dy "Ch, that's not extravagance. The fact is, she's terribly set against the personal element in journalism; so much so, indeed, that she never allows herseli to appear in print." Boston Transcript The Tape's Klag. The seal worn by the pope and used by him on official documents to which his signature is attached, has on it the engravings of a fish with the cipher of the wearer. Since the thirteenth cen tury every pope hss worn a ring of this character, and 1 js shattered with a hammer when the wearer dies, to prevent Its use oa a forged document A Kenarkable Jtoath. February, 1866, was in one way the most wonderful month in the world's history. t had no fall moon. Janu ary and March each had two full an but February had none. Astronomers say this is :fc? only instance on record. HAS A QUEER SHE MAKES A BUSINESS F DEALING WITH 'UNCLES Acts M A little time back one nesses in a police court raystiled' presiding magistrate by describing self as a "pawner." As this is a fessioa usually followed 'by a perhaps the pablie Is as igno: it as was the magistrate In q and would like to know some about it. Generally the nawner is a mide- aged woman, and generally, also! aH widow, living in a dingy neighboefcogd. where most of the hoases-areittit inhabited by that army of 'poverty stricken women who are spoken of as having "seen better days," or fas a charwoman once described tbem) as "come downs." Very pitiful is the con dition of some of these shabby genteel folk, far more pitiful indeed than that of the women of the working classes who fall on evil times, for not only are they more helpless, but they are more sensitive to the humiliations of their position. To them the very idea of entering a pawnshop is painful, and, that being so, they gladly avail them selves of the services of the profes sional pawner. Once or twice a week this good wo man will call upon her patrons and when she leaves their doors it is gen erally with all sorts of articles which she is to pawn for them, she herself receiving a commission on the trans action to recompense her for her trou ble. Generally the nawner is tolerablv good at haggling, for it is to her in terest to get all she can out of the pawnbroker, and, as a rule, she re ceives about double the Interest charg ed by "uncle." That the professional pawners find their calling a lucrative one is proved by the fact that they are generally well-to-do for people of their class. Some of them, indeed, have a large connection of regular customers, who on a certain day each week pawn part of their clothing to redeem it again for wearing on the following Sunday. Indeed, the pawnshop is regarded by many of them as a convenient recep tacle for the Sunday clothes, for which they have no convenient storage place in the one room or two rooms which they call "home." Chicago Tribune. A UNANIMOUS VOTE. How a Foil for President Was Taken on a Caaalboat. "When I read of the polling of pas sengers a month or so ago on trains and boats running into and out of New York city to ascertain their preferences as to candidates for mayor," said a gentleman who has long been identi fied with transportation interests and politics as well according to the Bos ton Herald, "it reminds me of a story my father used to tell of the campaign of 1836. In those days there was still a great deal of traveling by canal, and some of the 'packets' on the Erie were fitted up almost as sumptuously, for the time, as the palatial care seem now. A large party was coming east from Buffalo on one of these passenger boats, and as political feeling ran high there was much excited discussion over the respective merits of Van Buren, Harrison, White, Webster and 3Ian gum. It was on one of those warm October days when the cabin was too torrid for occupancy, and all the pas sengers were assembled on the deck. The leaders in the informal political debate were a Democrat and a Whig, both fluent talkers and clever in argu ment and pretty soon everybody on board gathered around to listen to them. Presently the Whig suggested that it would be a good idea to 'take the sense of the meeting,' and the Democrat, after a quick look ahead, agreed. He obtained silence and an nounced: 'Gentlemen, we are about to take a vote for president of the United States. Are you ready?' 'Ready,' was the prompt answer on all sides. Just then the steersman called out the cus tomary warning, 'Low bridge.' Here was the Democrat's opportunity, and he seized it A11 those in favor of Martin Van Buren,' he shouted, 'stoop down! Contrary minded, stand erect!' The boat at that moment reached the bridge and every man dropped as if he had been shot 'It's a unanimous vote!' declared the triumphant parti san of the sage of the Kinderhook." Owned by Colored Fecjfc From the Baltimore Sun: The only cotton mill in the country ,it Is claimed, owned exclusively by colored people, is now approaching completion at Con cord, X. C, and the last brick will be laid before the close of the present year. The mill is to have from 7,000 to 10,000 spindles and from 150 to 250 looms. The building is a handsome three story brick structure, 120 feet long and SO feet wide. Besides the main building there are also engine and boiler houses and a tower for water purposes. It is expected the mill will be put in operation by the 1st of Apl. The colored people of Wilmington alone have put 14,000 in the mill, which promises to be a monument to the en terprise and thrift of the colored peo ple of the old north state. Jane Bags Are Here, It is early for June bugs, yet they are out, and in most effective style, too, in the jewelers' cases. I have seen one, and he is truly a beautiful speci men of the enameler's art, says Table Talk. His body Is incrusted in tiny diamonds, his wings, enameled in soft ly blended tints, seek to reproduce the diamond's iridescence. His mission In life is to clasp a veil, but that is de creed too lowly, in a sense, and the pretty recipient of the jewel-enameled June bog had decided that he shall nestle amid the soft folds of her lace corsage. Ex. Frank These young widows have am advantage over you girls, because they know all about men. May Yes; and because the only men who know an about them are dead. Pack. Accat far fw tart Wit IV.pl. Wk. D 3fet IJk WTMtJfc of the jrit- He ler- woaan. ranCTof oeswn THE POPULAR HOUSE. m. (Copyright, 1898. "Shoppell's Modern Houses" Architects. Some years ago the popular English writer who was known as "Hugh Con way" wrote a novel that made a sen sational success. It had an extremely original and striking flat. The hero was a blind man, and one evening he was walking alone In the street In front of his London home. Finally he walked up the stoop of what he sup posed was his house, opened the door with his night key and mounted the stairs within. But it proved that he had gotten into the wrong house and be had entered it at the most impor tune moment for a murder was being committed, and he had interrupted the assassins at their desperate game. The story was so thrilling and exciting that ordinary readers accepted it without desft&r. Bat some critics proceeded to vnpt9t-wft heil - meity.""It -was' urged that the plot was palpably ab- EXTERIOR VIEW, surd, in that it made the hero's night key open a strange house, and in that the extraordinary acute senses of a blind man did not instantly detect the unfamiliar surroundings. But that such a mistake could readily occur in a bewildering row cf city houses, all built after the same plan and at the same time there have been many ex periences that cculd be advanced as arguments. Many a person has enter ed the wrong house and gone as far as the second or third floor without dis covering his mistake, and that with out blindness for an excuse. It is gen erally supposed, however that such ex periences must of necessity be limited to rows of houses, what will be said of the statement that there are hun dreds of villa houses, scattered through all parts of the country that are identi cally alike save for idiosyncrascies of furnishing. Into any one of these, whether situated in New York state or Arkansas, a blind man might be led and he could not distinguish the dif ference save by an examination of the 'Ver-ArclOc Zo wide; L FIRST FLOOR. furniture. This is rather a sweeping statement to be accepted save upon proof, but the proof is not far to seek. The villa that is pictured here might well be called a "popular house," for the records of the architects show that the plans have been purchased and the house erected from them not fewer than one hundred and sixty-seven times. The demand for it has come from all parts of the country and it also has been erected in other hand3. One might find its facsimile in the ut termost parts of the earth. It wil! be seen that the house is an attractive one, but its success is not due to thi3 part, alone. Many houses are just as pretty and as homelike in design, have nothing like such a record for duplica tion. Those who have purchased the plan give us the reason for their choice that it is an unusually large and roomy house for its cost. A careful exam ination of the plans will show that ev ery inch of space has been made avail able in especial, there are many bed SECOND FLOOR, chambers and all are well located, for light, ventilation and comfort If a man has plenty of money to ex pend in the erection of a Villa house. he can afford to indulge his individual taste. He can make his house reflect his own personal whims and prefer ences. But when his means are limit ed he naturally seeks most for his money, and to him it is the best en dorsement of the accompanying plan that has found acceptance as many as one hundred and sixty-seven times. As long as it is different from his neigh bor's house and is individual in its surroundings, it makes no difference to him if it has been erected in many other cities or towns. But think what one hundred and sixty-seven houses mean. Bought all together they would make, not a hamlet but quite a vil lage. It is certainly the banner record for any set of plans. It proves that human nature is imitative and estab- Smmmm rjfcl I D'rVirglRSk pi KirtKcrvjjy FSk.rlor K3.IL j 1 N. f6oi, VM nj Bci r., I "Bed Room fl sr5cc I 1 r r"'" if 9 -V lishea the tact that wage-earners ftel an interest in improved housing. Description. General Dimension: Width through dining-room and kitch en, 29 feet depth, including veranda and pantry, 37 feet 6 Inches. Heights of stories: Cellar, 7 feet 6 inches; first story, 9 feet 6 inches; second story, 9 feet; attic, 8 feet Exterior Materials: Foundation, stone; first and second stories, clap boards; gables, panels and shingles; roof, slate. Interior Finish: Hard white plaster, plaster cornices and centers in parlor, dining room and hall. White flooring throughout first and second stories, ex cept in kitchen, where yellow pine is used; spruce flooring in attic. First story to have double floor, with paper between. Trim throughout, white pine. Staircase ash, panels under win dows in parlor and dining room. Wainscot in kitchen. Interior wood work finished la hard oiL Colors: All Japw tw' of Mist Btuij8earbTuwar clapboards of second story and all sashes bright red; trim outside doors, blinds and rain conductors olive; ver anda floor light brown; veranda ceil ing oiled; panels In gables, light brown with olive framing; gable shingles, oiled. Accommcdations: The prlncipil rooms and their sizes are shown by ths floor plans. Cellar under whole house, with inside and outside entrance and concrete floor. Three rooms and hall and closets finished in attic, as shown by the plan. Set range, stationary wash tubs, sink and boiler, with hot and cold water in kitchen. Open fire place in dining room and parlor. Slid ing doors connect parlor and dining room and hall. China closet in dining room and large pantry and closet In kitchen. Cost: 12,009, not including mantels, range and heater. The estimate is based on New York prices for material and labor. In many sections of the country the cost should be less. Not the Same Marble. The fine spring-like weather of Sun day prompted the average small boy tc listen to the tempter's voice and bag Sunday school to engage in outdoor games. The three young sons of Wil liam Horn of Manayunk are generally very good Sunday school boys.but they fell from grace. Their father sent them off, as usual, in the straight and narrow path, but later, when Mr. Horn went out for a' stroll, he espied his boys engaged in an exciting game of marbles Mr. Horn was very angry, but, instead of giving the boys a sound strapping, he sent them home with their marbles. "Take them home and come back to me," he said. The boys came back very promptly, and the fath er rewarded them with a penny apiece. "Now, be good boys," said he, "and promise me not to play with those marbles again." The .boys promised, and Mr. Horn continued his stroll. Re turning home an hour later" he was shocked to find the youngsters playing marbles again. His ire arose at the sight, and, catching the eldest by the back cf the neck, he exclaimed, "Didn't I tell you not to play with those marbles again today?" "We ain't, papa," cried all three in chorus. "What! what!" sputtered the father. "No, we ain't," continued the boys; "those ain't the same. We bought these with the pennies you gave us." Philadelphia Record. ot th'P C5oal Thing. Dixon "I don't believe young Short Ieigh is half as extravagant as people say ho is." Hixon "Perhaps not, but I've no ticed that he has a suit of c!othes for every day in the week." Dixon ".Is that so? Why, he al ways bed the same suit on every time I met him." Hixon "Well, that's the one." Easily Explained. She "Why is a girl said to be of ago when she's IS. when a man reaches his majority at 21?" He "Perhaps it's because girls born in 1S77 are,celebrating their 13th birth day this year." FASHION NOTES. White brocade is used for vests In cloth gowns. Sleeves to ball dresses and other evening toilettes are suspected rather than seen. Some new and beautiful evening silk have -tiny turquoise, pale green and light rose-colored stripes on a white ground, with baby rosebuds scattered carelessly about Organdie-sublime is a lovely fabric for summer wear. The color tones are exceedingly soft and beautiful, and the designs are quaint and bizarre, and thoroughly artistic. Plush is making a vigorous bid for favor again, and used in combination with Venetian point lace; embroidered with gold and silver thread, it makes a very rich dress trimming. Tulles and gauzes woven with fili gree gold, silver or steel are used for making toques. Plain tulle and gauze will be used for trimming all sorts of spring and summer hats, and closely spangled tulle will be used mere for the puffed borderings of straw toques. Lace collars and yokes, both black and white, will again be worn, and at this particular time of year, ju3t before stock taking, they can be bought at most reasonable prices. They are a good investment for summer gowns, and will besides help to freshen up some pet gown that has done duty ail winter. An easy and pretty way to freshen a black, white or colored silk or satin bodice i3 to cover it with an over drapery in blouse style of net, lisse or chiffon, the shade of the bodice or of a contrasting color. As there are nei ther darts nor side seams, this light drapery i3 easily adjusted, and to freshen the waist, one can now pur chase in any of the fancy dry goods houses crimped or accordion-plaited textiles of various airy weaves by the yard, and with dainty ruffles to match In black, white, pearl, cream, ecru and fancy tints. Bows of satin ribbon on the shoulder, with straps of the ribbon carried from the bows to the belt, both front and back, weald serve to keep the fullness of the chiffon la place, and thus give c, elender look to the figure. DAIRY AND POULTRY. INTERESTING CHAPTERS OUR RURAL READERS. FOR Hew SareewfBl Fanners Operate This Departmest of the Farm A Few UlaU as to the Care or live Stock and Foaltry. Wisconsin Dairy School Note. Ten weeks of the three months' term cf the Wisconsin Dairy School have now passed, and students as wen as in structors are becoming so well ac quainted and thoroughly interested in their work that they are loth to part. The present class of 115 students, moif ly from Wisconsin, but many from other states and Canada, is the larg est attendance in the history of this schooL The dairy school building was designed and equipped for the accom mbdationof W students, at "an ex pense of about $10,000. Past experience has shown that for various reasons some few students are always obliged to leave before they have completed the course, and in anticipation of thl3 115 were allowed to enter. We were oblig ed to ask about twenty more men who applied for admission to wait and come next year. Some have already regis tered for next winter's term, and any one wishing to enter the school Is ad vised to apply early for admission be fore our accommodations are filled. Creamery and cheese factory operators are about equally represented in num bers In the present class. Scarcely a year passes without the introduction cf some new Ideas in but ter and cheese making. This year, in addition to the U--ual instruction given in practical butter making in the creamery cheese making In the cheese department, milk testing in the labora tory, and milk and cream pasteuriza tion in the pasteurizing room, the Wis consin curd test for detecting milk in jurious to the quality of full cream cheese, has been explained and used constantly by the students. Pasteuriz ing milk for butter making is also a new feature of the instruction this winter. During the past summer we made considerable butter from cream which was pasteurized after separation, and then ripened with a commercial starter. This butter was packed In the Australian boxes as well as the common sixty pound tubs, kept In cold storage until winter, and has been in spected by the students now at the school. A complete outfit for pasteur izing the milk and skimming it while hot, as well as instruction in ripening the cream from such milk and making the butter from It, has been, added to the equipment of the school this win ter. Mr. H. E. Schucknecht of Minne sota has been with us a few days and given the students the benefit of his ex perience in this line of work. Although these continuous pasteuriz ing machines, whichwill heat from 5, 000 to 10,000 pounds of milk per hour to the pasteurizing temperature of 155 degrees F., are not primarily Intended for pasteurizing milk or cream to be sold directly to the consumer in pint and quart bottles, a practical test was made of the keeping quality of the cream and skim milk that came from the separator at this high temperature. Pint samples of both the hot cream and hot skim milk were taken directly from the separator and cooled in the sterilized glass milk jars, which are commonly used for retailing milk to the consumer. These samples were cooled at once to about 50 degrees F., the jare were covered with paper caps and left in a room at a temperature of about 65 degrees F. Six trials were made in this way, by taking samples of the hot skim milk and hot cream di rectly from the separator on six differ ent days. It was found that these pint samples, kept in sterilized bottles, re mained perfectly sweet in every case for four day3. Some were sweet after five days, but most of them had a slightly sour smell and about 0.3 per cent acid on the fifth day. An experiment on mottles in butter was made by adding some of the ripen ed cream from one large vat to each of three churns, two of them box churna and one a combined churn and work er. The granular butter in one box churn was washed with water having a temperature of 40 degrees F., and In the two other churns the temperature of the wash water was CO degrees F. After standing in thi3 wash water about ten minutes a part of the granu lar butter from each cf the two box churns was taken out, worked without salt and a 20 pound tub filled with but ter from each churn. The remaining granular butter was salted, worked and a tub filled with the salted butter from each churn. The next morning these five tubs of butter were examined. It was plainly noticeable that the un salted butter from both the 40 de grees F.. and 60 degrees F. wash water was of a perfectly uniform, even col or, with no suggestion of mottles or wavy color, but their color was of a considerably lighter shade of yellow than that of the salted butter. AH the tubs of salted butter were slightly mottled and uneven In color, but no difference in the amount of mottles could be detected between that from granular butter washed with water of 40 degrees F. and the one in which the temperature of the wash water was 60 degrees F. The mottles were caused by the salt alone. E. H. FAIXRINGTOX. Madison, Wis. Pooltrv Bange. Too little attention la paid to the poultry range, which we often call a poultry yard. It is the custom of farmers to think that the yard Is a thing of little moment On farmt where the poultry have the run of the whole place this article does not apply. But there are many farms and per haps should be more, where the poul try are kept shut up through a good part of the season. In such a case it will pay to give a range so large that the fowls will not be able to eat all the grass that grows on it Th2re is no economy in restricting the range and feeding grain. Grass Is one of the cheapest feeds that can be fed. Just how large the range should be will depend on many things. One of these is the richness of the soil and the luxuriance of the growth of grass en It We have seen new lands that had just been redeemed from a scrub oak forest, where the soil was so thin that a small flock of fowls would in a few weeks completely denude of gras3 a large yard. But if the land has been cultivated and has a good blue grass sod oc ft, and Is m thriving condition, it is safe to say that the area will sus tain in fair condition three times aa many fowls as the yard spoken of. as being reclaimed from a scrub oak forest and left with nothing but th original nondescript grass on It Suppose you give an acre of land to fifty fowls. Will It not pay? Wc think it wilL In the first place the re turns from it will be without cost to yourself. There is no plowing, no sow ing, no cultivating, no reaping anU threshing. Almost the entire returns will be profits. The grass that grew on it will have been turned into meat and eggs. The hens will keep healthy, and the saving to the life of the flock will be quite an item. Then, too. most farms are so situated that the giving of an acre of ground for such a pur pose Is not a great matter. In many cases it would remain partly vacant anyway. As to fencing the yard, this need net be s'sreat question la this age ef cheap wire. The larger the lot the less will it cost to fence it per square rod. Thus, If a lot be two rods long and two rode wide it will take eight rods of fencing to go around it But If the lot be four rods long and four rods wide It will take but 16 rods to fence it If it be eight rods wide and eight rods long It will take only 32 rods to fence it On this presumption the first lot will be 4 rods in area, the second 16 in area and the third 64 rods in area. Four foot woven wire fence may be purchased at 40 cents per running red. On this basis the first lot will cost for fencing each square rod. 80 cents, for each rod will require two linear rods of fencing. On the lot that is four rods square the cost for fenc ing each square rod will be 40 cents, as each square rod Is fenced by one linear rod. For the third lot the cost will be only 20 cents for each square rod. So we might extend the figures. H the lot were 16 rods square the cost would be 10 cents per rod. If it were 32 rods square the cost would be five cents per rod square. If the lot were 64 rods square the cost would be 2 cents per rod. A lot 128 rod3 square would cost 1 cents per square rod. Finally if the lost were 25G rods square the cost would be only of a cent for every square rod of land. This shows the economy of great op erations. The big lot Is the cheapest, everything considered, and this Is es pecially true In the fencing. Of course we do not suggest that anyone build a hen yard 256 rods square. The figures are given to Impress the truth of a great principle that we cannot afforJ to ignore. This is one of thereat reasons why It would be desirable to keep fowls In large flocks were it not that they are more likely to become the prey of diseases of a contagious nature. A large range is always desirable, but It Is difficult to have a large range wlth- outhavtar .large JflpcXof. to1- -,,.. In Eome yards the large range fur nishes the fowls with a goodly supply Gf fresh meat in the form of grass hoppers. It is astonishing what a large nuaiber of these Insects inhabit a single acre. If the acre patch be ex hausted by the industry cf the hens, a few hours suffice to replenish it Not only grasshoppers but hundreds of varieties of bugs and worms infest and journey through this field, falling a swift prey to the feathered sentinels. With the green grass and fresh meat the fowls are kept healthy and happy and continue to manifest their content by a aluminous product of eggs. Australian Dairy Interest. Trumbull White, the newspaper cor respondent now traveling in Australia, writes as follows concerning the dairy interests of that country: Dairy farm ing is advancing very rapidly in New South Wales, as well as in some other of the colonies. It no longer is aa In cident to farming, but has become a specialty iu the coast districts. Most of the native grasses are suitable for dairy cattlt, as they have milk-producing as well as fattening qualities. In some places a little winter fodder has to be fed. but it i3 given to the cattle in the field instead of in the stable. Ensilage has not been intro duced very largely, but is now growing in favor. The latest figures show a few more than 400,000 dairy cows in New South Wales, yielding last year about 108,000,000 gallons of milk, of which three-fourths was used in making but ter and cheese. The product of butter was nearly 26,000,000 pounds and of cheese a little more than 4.000.000 pounds. The surplus of butter over local requirements amounts to about 75 per cent of the whole output In the summer months, and the English mar ket absorbs nearly all of this. It is only during the last five years that Australian butter has seriously Influ enced the London market, for, although for some time small consignments had been sent to London, the huge import into that city from Denmark and Swe den practically controlled the price cf the Australian article. The position now is changed, however, about two thirds of all the butter imported into London during the winter months be ing of Australian origin and more than once during the last few seasons Australian creamery butter has com manded a higher price than Dan ish. The Australians are learning how to pack their butter for shipment on the long voyage, and the more they learn the better prices they get I have talked with Australian dairymen who knew all about the shipment of American butter made to London by Secretary Wilson of our agricultural department a few months ago. They are watching to see the result of the experiment with a great deal of inter est, fo;- it may mean something tc them." Egg Record.. Send In the egg records. We doubt not that many of our readers have been keeping a close account of what their hens have been doing, and we are sure it will be of interest to others to know what records have been made. In making reports, give the names of breeds, numbers, and whether the fowls have been kept penned up. If the feed ration can be given it will an item of added interest During the recent eclipse of the sui at Bombay, India, FroL Lockyer se cured sixty specrcum photographs. Some of these have been developed. and are found to cthibit changes in the aspect of the chrctnosphere, second by second, at each of ths four contacts. x n l :i a On1 l"l 4 M 1 '. i i i 4 9rfl -S5 2 i - ---
