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VOLUME XXVIII. NUMBER 46.
THE OLD RELIABLE.
Oldest Bank in the State.)
FajsIiWdTiisDeplj
Mais Loaas n Real Estate.
ISSTTXS IMHT DRAFTS OS
Omaha, Chicago, New York an
, allForeiss Countries,
SELLS STEAMSHIP TICKETS.
BUYS GOOD NOTES
.nd helps Its customers wLe& they seed ae!p
OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS:
E-eastier Gerhard, Pres't
'R. H. IlEXRr, Vice Pres't..
M. Brugoer, CasliUr.
-3onx Stauffer, Wit llccnen,
L
OF
COLUMBUS. NEB..
HAS AX
Authorized Capital of $500,000
Paii in Capital, - - 90,000
orncKRS:
C B. BIIELDOX, Pres't.
U. I. H. oh HMtu-n. Vice Tres.
DANIKL SCHISAM. Cashier.
rKANK KUUEU, Asst. tash't.
DIRECT "KS:
C. H. SnFMMX, II. P. II. Oeiilrsch.
Jonas Wfi-cii, W. A. McAi.i.isteu,
Cahl Uihnke. JJ. C. Ghat.
1'nAKK ItOIIItKIU
FTOOKU LPERS:
Barelva Ellis, J. Hkmiy Wcn.niAH
tllK;ilAy, llRMir LOSEKR.
Daniel Sen ham. Geo. m.Gallkt,
A. T. II. Oi.iii.Kicn, J. p. IircKKU Estate,
KEBECCA IlLCKEIl, II. M. WlNSLOW.
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able securities. Wo snail Vo pleased to re
cIre your business. We solicit your pat
ronspe. Columbus Journal !
A weekly newspaper de
voted the best interests of
COLUMBUS
THE CGNNTY OF PLATTE,
Tflo State o! Nebraska
THE UNITED STATES
AND THE REST OF MANKIND
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us is
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HENRY GASS,
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trRepat ri ng of all kinds of Uvkol
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Ut
COLTJSTBDH. NEBRASKA-
Columbus Journal
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KXQCXBED or A
PRINTING OFFICE,
LofumbusStateBank
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" ssW -n smr f'S'aam. T mmJwmia Ce "aWlwdl mememmV m- 1l I
IN YOUTHS
12 all know how
important our rela
tions with our
neighbWs arc i n
daily life. Those
next door to u S
Interest Ml mnnK
oat ail our aeighbora are-o! import-
vv v7
EL"Er.2M Jh?
houses or on their lads affpets n: 1ro
Thus it comes about that the law pro
vides carefully for a nnn's rights in his
own property, and with equal watch
fulness sees to it that in exercising
tnoso rjghts he shall not do Eo in such
a 2a'Jr t0 InJure any one else.
vounuess treaties have bcn made
f?,oa-a"ons,.aaa eoonfer or-later. as
nistory shows, iu&st of them have been
broKen, although quite often they have
Jiad lasting results. As civilisation has
advanced, the desire to keep treaties
and observe thfeir provision has, how
ever, steadily increased. Nations have
come to hold treaties as more and
more sacred, and the opinion of the
Ciid against breaking them has be
come constantly stronger.
It is easy to see, when we think of
it, how very important treaties are,
and how much their importance has in
creased in modern times. Agreements
which bind nations to make war and
Peace, which may dispose of a nation's
possessions or add to them, and which
affect the rights of the citizens of a
country, are of the utmost gravitv and
the most far-reaching results, fhere
iore the authority to make the treaties
which thus bind the nation and settle
its rejation with all other nations, is
one of the greatest among the powers
ui government.
It Is one of the hichest attributes
of a sovereign and independent nation.
In England it is a royal prerogative in
theory, descending from the days when
the king was the sole representative of
the country and practically all-powerful.
Therefore, the king or queen act
ing through the ministers has the pow
er to make treaties, and it is one of
the greatest powers of the crown, al
though in reality the treaty is bow
made, not by the queen but by the
ministry, which is a committee of the
two houses of parliament acting in her
name.
In most European countries the pow
er to make treaties is actually, as well
as In name, in the hands of the sov
ereign; and even in England, where all
power has passed to parliament, the old
foim, as has just been said, is still
preserved.
In the United States we have a
treaty-making power like all other na
tions, and as the people are sovereign
PAST.
here, that power has
been given by them
to these chosen to
represent them. Ev-
;ry American boy
and girl should un
derstand how and by
ivhom our govern
ment is carried on,
nnd especially ought
they to know about
the great powers ex
ercised by their gov
ernment. Of these
powers, that of trea
ty making is one of
the greatest and
should be thoroughly
understood.
Perhaps every one
understands it now,
although from some
r-RrUMWARlES TO
of the discussions which we have had
lately about our arbitration treaty with
England I have been led to believe that
there are a good many people in the
United States beside boys and girls
to whom a little explanation on this
point would not be unprofl table.
All the great powers of our national
government are. fixed and defined by
the Constitution. And it is well to re
member that one of the chief causes
which led to the adoption of the Con
stitution was the absolute impossibility
of dealing with other nations in any
way except by a single central gov
ernment. It was out of the question
for thirteen different states to enter
separately into treaties with other na
tions, or to make war or peace with
them. It would be today even more
impossible, now that we have forty
five states.
Therefore they was no thought in
the mind of any man, when we were
framing our national Constitution, not
even of the most extravagant advocate
of state rights, but that everything
which concerned our relations with
other nations must be put under the
control of the national government.
This being agreed, the next point was
to settle just how those powers were
to be exercised.
At that time these treaty-making
powers everywhere belonged to the
crown, that is, to the executive head
cf each nation. But although the men
who framed the Constitution desired
to make -a strong and efficient govern
ment, we had just come out of a war
against the English crown and there
was a desp-rootcd jealousy of execu
tive power. The makers of the Con-
COMPARISON OF STANDARDS.
Woald Women Be Ilcttcr Than Men
vrltJj Like Tenipt-xtlnno?
Whatever the Turveydrops of the
moral world may have to say about
the necessity for elevating moral de
portment on the part of "wooman, be
witching wooman," I have never been,
able to see any indubitable intent in
nature herself toward binding them
over to any higher moral standards
than she does men, says Helen Walter
son Mcody In Scribner's. Both men
U0. women mm to me ig be
t! r 9KIC B B
a. 9
COMPANION;
stitutloa "wisely gave large powers to
tl!t President, who la our executive
head, but they limited him in many di
rections, "and the? had no intention of
conferring on him ail the powers ex
ercised by kings and emperors in Eu
rope. For this reason they gave the an-
" .- . .!-!
gravest of all Dowers, exclusively id
Cobfcress, the immediate fepresnta
tives bf the people, this was com
paratively simple; but when Tthfey. came
16 the question bi treaties th8y had a
much more oiffic'uit problem. .
They saw. Very plainly,. that In prac
tice the making of Jtreatles could not
be .conveniently carrieoT 6n"by"a large
body like Congress. They knew that
this was work which could be well per
formed only by one man or by his
agents selected for that purpose. At
the same time they desired to limit
the power, and they also felt that while
the President, representing the whole
people, should have his part in mak
ing a treaty, the several states ought
also to have something to say about it.
They were a very Wise and ab!S
body cf men, and these makers of the
Constitution of the United States, no
wiser or abler, indeed, were ever gath
ered together to frame a system of
government, a fact which it Is well not
to forget, when -we consider what they
did. After much discussion they &
cided to put the treaty-making power
in the hands of the President, repre
senting the whole body of the people
and the Senate, representing the states.
The clause in the Constitution which
expresses this is simple and direct, and
is as follows:
"He (the President) shall have pow
er, by and with the advice and consent
of the Senate, to make treaties, pro
vided two-thirds of the senators pres
ent concur."
The Constitution further provides
that all cases arising under treaties
shall come within the jurisdiction of
the courts of the United States, and
also thai:
"All treaties made, or which shall be
made, under the authority of the Unitj
ed States, shall be the supreme law
of the land; and the judges in every
state shall be bound thereby, anything
in the constitution or laws of any
state to the contrary notwithstand
ing." By this last clause it will be seen
how important treaties are and what
sanctity the makers of the Constitu
tion conferred upon them, for they de
clared that when once entered into,
they should be not only the law of the
land but that no
state could affect
them by any pro
visions in its con
stitution or laws.
That, however,
which interests us
FOftEICH TREATIES.
here is the first clause, which defines
how treaties shall be made, and we see
that they are to be made by the Presi
dent and Senate together. Mr. George
Ticknor Curtis, in his great work on
"The Constitution of the United
States," says that the Senate has the
power under the word "advice" to ini
tiate a treaty and that this has been
done in a few cases; in other words,
he holds that the Senate under the
Constitution has the power to advise
the President to make a certain treaty,
if it thinks it desirable.
But in practice this construction has
been abandoned, for a numerous body
is not suited to the workof bringing
cr carrying on negotiations with an
other country. Therefore the duty of
proposing and entering upon treaties
has come to be wholly in the hands of
the President.
The methods pursued in practice are
the same in all cases, and I will now
trace briefly the various stages in the
making of a treaty which is to fix the
relations of the United States with
some other country, and which when
adopted becomes a part of the law of
the land.
Treaties, as I have said, are on all
sorts of subjects, from making peace,
as we did with England after the war
of 1S12, or with Mexico after the Mexi
can war, to the settlement of claims
for money by citizens or agreements
for postal arrangements, which are now
usually in the form cf conventions and
made by the President without refer
ence to the Senate. I will take as an
example of the making of a treaty one
of the kind which is commonly known
as an extradition treaty.
pounded of the same average morality,
though with certain unlike manifesta
tions largely the result of circum
stances and opportunities. I see no
special cause for believing that the av
erage woman under like temptation
would do very differently from the av
erage man a belief which Is not les
sened by Bishop Potter's recent accu
sation before the women's auxiliary of
the civil-service reform association,
that they put their relatives Into office
whenever they got the chance, "wtta-
out any evidence that they art fitted
com-jtoW thtplitlwtppllttot'fl
COLUMBUS. NEBRASKAfWEDNESDAY. FEBRUARY 23, 18W.
Treaties of this claw provide foi the
Mrreadef of feriminaii by onfe cohatry
to another. , ifr.an American commits
a crime In the United.'States and filet
to another, coUntry, It. is very desir-
able, n order to serve the ends 8f ji&
tlcet that arrangements should be made
td get him back, here for trial and
punishment, and it is for this purpose
that treaties of extradition have been
made. We will suppose, now that the
United States desires to make a treaty
of extradition with the Argentine Re
public of "South America and that they
desire to make one with us.
Our secretary of state suggests of the
representative of thS Argentine. Re
public that it would be desirable to
have a treaty of extradition between
th two .countries, or the suggestion
is made. by the Argentine Republic to
us. . if this suggestion is acceptable to
both. sides, the President then empow
ers the secretary of state to make the
trmtr wttfa thi mtalotn- t tia tmn.
tlat BabhIiII ImdWukl.Wtu 7w lifWt
" -w"Fwn,lBniwBipifcmii V " "
he empowers our minister at Buenos
Ayres to make a treaty with their sec
retary of state there.
The persons thus authorized to make
the treaty then meet and exchange
their powers, as It is called, that is
they show each other the authority
which they have to make the treaty.
They then discuss the points which it
is desired to cover, offer projects and
rough drafts, and after much discus
sion the terms of the treaty are agreed
to. This is always a very difficult and
important work, for it is a serious
matter to bind two nations in regard
to anjr matter, and the representatives
of each country are ogliged to be care1
ful that they do not involve their gov
ernment in a disadvantageous agree
ment. Whe tothe treaty has been finally
drawn Up, the representatives of the
two governments sign it in duplicate.
One copy of the treaty is then sub
mitted to the President, and if he ap
Droves it he sends it to the Senate
with a message statins his approval.
and asking that the Senate concur in
what he has done.
The treaty now enters upon its sec
ond stage, for the Senate is just as
much a part of the treaty making pow
er as the President, and is equally re
sponsible for the agreement to which
the treaty will bind the United States.
As soon as the treaty is received by
the Senate, it is referred to the com
mittee on foreign relations. This com
mittee then takes up the treaty, reads
it and examines it with the utmost
care, comparing it with other treaties,
weighing every article in it, and if they
deem it necessary, they send for the
secretary of state to explain it to them
and for all the correspondence which
there has been in regard to it.
After they have thus examined the
treaty, they decide whether they shall
report it favorably to the Senate or
advise its rejection; or whether they
shall advise that the Senate concur
after making certain amendments or
changes ih the treaty which they pro
pose. After the committee have reported
the treaty, the Senate goes into secret
session and takes it up for considera
tion. The reason for having the con
sideration of treaties in secret is a
sound one, because the discussion is
certain to involve not only the inter
ests of the United States and their
policy toward other countries, but also
much is sure to be said in regard to
the country with which we are making
the treaty.
If the debates upon treaties were
fully reported, as other debates are. it
would either be impossible to have
them discussed freely, as they ought
to be, or else we should run the risk
of having many things said which
might do a great deal of harm and af
fect unpleasantly cur relations with
other countries.
It is true that a certain amount of
what happens in executive sessions
gets out, but this is of a general char
acter and usually only a trifling por
tion of the discussion. Most of what
has been said in secret session never
gets out at all, and for the reasons just
given it is well that it should not, and
it Is also well that no full report of
the debates should be made, as is done
in the ordinary legislative session of
the Senate.
After the treaty, then, has been read
in the Senate, it is fully discussed, and
if amendments are desired, they are
offered and voted upon. When the
discussion is concluded, the question
is then put in the Senate in the lan
guage of the Constitution: "Does the
Senate advise and consent to the
treaty?"
In order that the treaty may pass.
two-thirds cf the senators present and
voting must vote in favor of the
treaty, and if more than one-third of
the senators vote against it, the treaty
Is rejected. If, however, two-thirds of
the senators present vote for the
treaty, it is ratified and is then re
turned to the President with informa
tion o? what the Senate has done.
If no amendments have been made,
the President proclaims the treaty and
it then becomes part of the law of the
land, by which all American citizens
are bound, as they are by their own
Constitution and statutes. If, on the
other hand, the Senate has made
amendments, these amendments are
then submitted to the representatives
of the country with whom the treaty
has been made. If they agree to them,
the treaty is proclaimed.
If they do not agree to them, fur
ther negotiations enEue and an effort
is made to arrange the differences.
Sometimes when the President himself
disapproves of the amendments made
by the Senate, he refuses to proclaim
the treaty, and in that case the treaty
falls, for no treaty can become a law
of the land until it has been pro
claimed as such by the President after
ratification by the Senate.
Don't forget that pecuniary charity
Is often a curse to humanity.
sibly women were intended by their
Creator to stand for the reformatory
interests of life, but I think there Is
not, as yet, sufficient evidence thereto
either in the nature of things or of
women to warrant any special abroga
tion of other distinct and more familiar
duties in favor of Interests mainly
moral.
Rhecklas;.
The women are very indignant The
refreshments at a recent party did aot
cost more than 12.50 for twntv ...
- AtcilKi Glob,
16 ft)INTEB&
QlilPtKNT NOTES OF DISCOV
US . IUV'AND INVENTION.
Sti, CS T? .
Mutt tnfM aU thm
Fs4t4 Tii Virtm Ma-
fi8sjSltM Keecat XHseavcrles) ta
.'Iia4 California Pearls.
i
varlas la tcelaaa'.
H08B whe desir
(6 undertake
ields ei explora
tion shoiild take
tip Iceland; which
is among the Most
interesting as well
as the most un
known of regions.
It is a curious
thing to come
across, intka
I -
midst of this bleak region, -large dis
tricts where boiling springs almost
cover the ground. Boiling mud is
thrown out from these springs, and the
surface of the country is dotted with
craters and the traces of Volcanic
eruptions. There are twenty Volca
noes in Iceland, any one of them lar
ger than Vesuvius. There are alsd
sea volcanoes which have excited the"
wonder and admiration of travelers.
Some years ago flames burst out oi
the sea and a most violent eruption
took place. This lasted some months,
and ceased only when a volcano in
the interior became active. Lakes in
Iceland have in their midst the mo3t
beautiful green Islands that are kept
warm by the volcanic action below.
Iceland is also remarkable as a hunt
ing ground for game birds. They art
so abundant that an ordinary hunter
can bag within a few hour3 more than
he is able to carry home. Occassion
ally one meets a reindeer, but the"
birds are the most attractive.
fcalirornla Pearl;
The pearl fisheries of the Gulf of
California have been enormously val
uable, in i790 a large ndmber of
pearls were collected for a collar. This
eventually came into the possession
of the Queen of Spain, and is one of
the most valuable of the crown jew
els. A brown pearl worth eight thou
sand dollars, a black one valued at ten
thousand and an exquisitely lustrous
one which was sold in Paris for nearly
six thousand dollars have been taken
from these beds. Black pearls are
exceeding popular in Europe, and
nearly all of this sort that are found
In California are sent over to the Eu
ropean market. The Mexican govern
ment controls the fisheries, and the
business Is put into the hands of a
San Francisco company. About four
hundred men are employed, end the
oysters, after being lifted from the
recks, are put into schooners and
takejto a place where there are in
spectors, under whose charge they are
all opened. Pearl fishing is rather un
certain business, as one may open
thousands of oysters without finding
anything worth while; again, in a few
moments, thousands of dollars may be
realized.
The Hurtling of Greeu Wood.
Every one who enjoys sitting by a
wood fire must have observed how the
wood sputters and hisse3, and fre
frequently gives off little jets of flames
and again the pieces crackle and fly
off at a considerable distance. This is
caused by the water in the wood
which, confined in the cells, becomes
heated and generates steam. It is a
curious fact that intense heat and in
tense cold produces fractures in va
rious substances. In the most extreme
cold weather it is not uncommon, es
pecially If the cold has come on sud
denly, to find trees that are split from
the ground to the top by the action of
frost. Freezing expands the water ia
the cells of the wood, and so suddenly
is this done that the trees burst as
would a pitcher or mug in which water
was confined.
Palled Down Pillars.
They do strange things in Persia.
This is the latest. For some years a
tidal observatory has been establish
ed at Bushire, on the Persian gulf,
and it has performed its functions
without let or hindrance. This year,
however, owing to want cf rain, the
Persians were under the impression
that the bench-marks or pillars which
hare been built near the English gov
ernment telegraph office were cause of
the drought and a mob, consisting of
men, women and children, surround
ed the office and pulled the pillars
down. Owing to the promptitude of
Col. Wilson, the resident, and Mr.
Campbell, the superintendent of tele
graphs, the Persian governor had to
supply a company of Persian soldiers,
and these, combined with parties of
bluejackets and marines from H. M. S.
Sphinx, built up the pillars again.
This has had the desired effect on the
Persians, who saw that the British
government in Persia Is not to be
trifled with.
One Caase of Forest Fires.
A traveler, who had occasion to
make an encampment on a ledge of
rock in an unbroken forest asserts that
he witnessed the beginning of one of
the most destructive forest fires that
ever occurred in that region. A dead
tree of enormous size blew over and
lodged against another tree, which it
bent almost in the form of a bow.
The fierce wind swayed the top of the
bent tree which supported the trunk
of its fallen neighbor. It so chanced
that there was a space of several feet
where the fallen tree was smooth and
rested on the other. The force of th
wind sweeping the bent tree back and
fsrta toon ground the bark from th
" -- 5 t
wuuaaj:
J. - Mtea
i-V '"U
mm m mfasf sarammai sLv tstmsTmamn
tnak of ajra, Th fiioa cdwf j
mmmmm
9
by this friaaint developed a ala de
gree at keat. aad the tourist, ,t Us
iitclasfcaVsaw. the wood ftM
deal tre birai into a lafee. Tic ta
was aoaaicoawsM aid fall; scattat
lag burning eiabers apoi the 4tf
leaves far soma airtaace afoaaA thiat
fanned to a saatT ay trf'iHadgtiosl
created a ierce. ire 'that swept over
miles of valuable Umber. Mack blame
has been attacked Jo campers and ma
licious persons who kavelt Is alleged,
started IreVeltnar thronga careless
ness or for a desir for'waatoa mis
chief; Owaers f large tfacts" of land
would oo welt id keep close watehei
theif forests during and after heavf
wind storms which "are not aecosa
panied by a heavy fain. A little pre
caution plight sav thousands of acres
of valuable timber.'
. Street-at Sharks fraaa tasi ire.
It halong been am accept theory
that cast,lroa Is lajered by a saceeaj
sloff of shocks. It has been supposed
that the iron becomes brittle and al
most worthless. Tests have been
made to establish the facts in the
case. Pieces of iron were struck three
thousand times with a hand hammer.
The gain in strength was from ten to
fifteen per cent. A number of iron
rods were placed in a box and shaken
in order to free them from the sand
of the molds, and to give them a
slight smoothness and polish. They
were shaken for a long time and then
tested, when they were found to be
about fifteen per cent stronger than
the same bars that had not been
through this process. The theory Is
that continiial beating or tapping sol
idifies the molecules and has an effect
not unlike welding. This is ah im
portant discovery, as it give3 the
benefits derived from annealing by
heat without any of the objections to
this process. Heat sometimes changes
the chemical composition of the iron
and may affect the carbon. Still fur
ther tests arc to be made, those al
ready reported having shown such
favorable results.
Tomato GrJfte.1 to Poiatd.
It has been found possible to graft
annual plant3 when they have stalks
or branches that are sufficiently
fleshy, and a striking example of this
i3 shown in the accompanying sketch.
It cannot be said, however, that this
process has entered into practice, and
up to the present It has been merely a
matter of curiosity. Carriere. who was
a practical man and indefatigable in
vestigator, tried the most divers
kinds cf grafting and among other re
sults obtained a crop of tomatoes up
on stems of the bitter-sweet Mr. C.
Baltet, an experimenter of the first
rank, has attempted to graft the di
verse plants and has brought together
in a work entitled "L'Art de Greffer,"
very useful directions and advice as
to grafting and informtaion as to the
species that can be multiplied with
certainty by this process.
In grafting branches of the tomato
upon stalks of the potato M. Baltet's
son has made an interesting experi
ment, which shows the affinities of
two plants belonging to the same or
der (Solaonaceae) and the possibility
of grafting plant3 which have an
ephemeral existence in some regions
and which, at first sight, would not
seem to be capable of giving so curi
ous results.
Western Ic Cave.
At the loot of Cow Mountain, In Col
orado, the most remarkable caverns
have been found. There Is a series of
chambers of various sizes, the roots
hung with enormous icicles. The water
from which these were frozen must
have been very pure, as in some of
the cases the reflection and refraction
of light is truly wonderful, the glitter
suggesting the Gnest diamonds. The
chambers are connected by narrow al
leyways, and at a point distant from
the entrance thero is a passage ex
tremely narrow anl Inclined. This
leads to a cavern some three hundred
feet in extent, containing enormous
quantities of ice, which has frozen in
all sorts of quaint and grotesque fig
ures. In the middle of this cavern
there is a lake sixty-five feet long. It
is quite deep, and the water I3 as clear
as crystal and cold almost beyond be
lief. The lake appears to have no out
let, but there must be one, as the
water never rise3 above a certain level.
An effort is to be made to make a
show place of this cavern and turn
the vicinity to account as a pleasure
resort. Certainly as a natural curios
ity the place is well worth a visit
A New Op'ate.
There grows in South Arizona a
weed that is used by the natives for
smoking. It is one of the most power
ful and daugerous opiates known. It3
use in a mild form produces the great
est hilarity and exhiliration of spirits.
In larger quantities and at later stage3
the user becomes ugly and unmanage
able. Mixed with tobacco the Mexi
cans revel in it. It is so seductive that
it is smuggled into prisons, and the
authorities have hard work to keep it
out of the bands cf convicts. Saturat
ed with the drug they forget all of the
ills and cares of life, are reckless and
pugnacious, and will fight on the smal
lest provocation, or no provocation at
all. Thi3 weed Is called Mariguana.
It is cultivated by the Mexicans, and
the natives of South Arizona, and 13
quite a profitable article of barter. For
it, as for opium and liquor, the devotee
will sacrifice his last dollar. Its use
long continued undermines trie consti
tution and produces a condition bor
dering on idiocy. The habit once ac
quired 13 almost impossible to break
up, and the victim finds it necessary
to increase the amount until an in
credible quantity can be consumed.
Crn.hei:.
He I have yet to see the woman who
can pull the wool over my eyes.
She I'm afraid you put it wrong;
You probably have yet to see the wo
man who would care to compliment yon
by trying to pall the wool over vnr
m
bi
ir?i.V:iv
ITALIAN LOVE
j&4&&5$h-ii-f.
- i5:fr zi-v
how a Yovrta auiM orrfiv.K
ftlRTH Voftiv Ml HmWUtf.
Mr.. A4mM.sacktV
Jtaw WM ftastta.M av.FaVi Wa W
Was, as Xsrfs; TS At Maan tan
..-
It was la the Italian Theater l
Bower. Therewas a Ions;, easy SaK
before tfce curtain went ay oa ta dfoU
jomedf. Then it chanced that two
men beame familiar enough for one
to tell the other tie romance of his
life. Perhaim it was the glow of sym
pathy ladueed y ta American' ap
preciation of things Italian that led
the aaadftom6, dark-eyed yeang Italian
poet to tell the Story of his heart, says
the New York Commercial Advertiser.
"I was, bora." he k said, "in JTorsmce,
ahd lived" the?6 the first eighteen years
of my life, i am all emotion, and I
wanted to do everything', t wrote poet
ry and plays I write for this company
here in New York and I entered the
army when I was very young. Then I
went to the navy, where I stayed fivo.
years, and went all around the world.
Much I liked. Many beautiful places
I have seen, but I grew restless, not
that I worked very hard, for I was ed
ucated. I belonged to the aristocracy
the son cf a knight and the work I
did on "ihe ship was light, secretary
work. Hut It was monotonous, and I
was ready to change. Like moBt of my
countrymen, I do not like work when
it is not pleasant. Pleasure first and
work afterward is my motto. You
Americans think differently, but busi
ness is a stupid bore; there is no heart
in it One day we were anchored in
New Yck harbor. A beautiful girl,
a countrywoman of mine, but who had
lived many years in New York, came
on board with her father to see our
ship. I showed her all that she wanted
to see, and I knew straightway that I
loved her and always should. Love
came into my soul in a great wave, and
I wanted her with every part of me.
I spilled a bucket of paint on her dress
and imagine my happiness in the long
time It took to remove it with my
handkerchief. She was very beautiful
to look at You cannot understand
my friend. She went away with her
father, but left her address on a small
piece of paper. Then I asked to go
ashore for a day. No, I was needed.
The next day I asked again. The same
answer. I repeated it five times with
the same result. Then one night I
wrapped my shore clothes in a small
bundle, dropped into a small boat
alongside, and left that ship forever.
When I landed I changed my clothes
and sent the ship's suit back. When
I looked for the note I found that it
had gone back to the ship with my
clothes. I was in despair. You can
Imagine. I was alone in New York, a
deserter, and did not know where my
angel lived. As I am a scholar, I spoke
English. That helped me to make a
wretched, sorrowful existence for three
months. Oh, the dreariness of that
time! I had no decent companions.
Most of the Italians who come here
come because they have to. They are
criminals or something akin to it. I
knew no congenial people for weary
months. I nearly starved, I nearly
killed myself. I looked everywhere for
the girl, but I could not find her. One
happy day I received a note. She had
seen my name and address in one of
the Bowery newspapers. My name was
there because I was a deserter. It was
in a list with others. She wrote me
that she played the organ in the Ital
ian Episcopal Church. I went the next
Sunday; spent my last quarter for a
necktio that should be sunny and bril
liant. It wa3 ravishingly pretty. I
saw her at the organ. I could not
speak to her, but it was enough hap
piness. I knew I could come again.
I did, and I went many times. I got
to know her, her father and her friends.
Her father liked me, and liked the
poems that I wrote to her and the
plays that I write for the theater. My
friend, she will marry me. She is very
good and fair. I could not take her to
this theater, with all these men there.
I do not shake hands with those men.
I nod, but I am pf good family. We
shall marry soon, for I am working and
earning a salary, and an Italian knows
how to live cheaply and save money.
That is riot necessary. The good God
will provide. Besides, it is good to be
unhappy in small things. When the
heart is satisfied the stomach does no;
matter."
Voted Asalast Clay.
Out of the gallant band of 530 Jeffer
sonian Democrats in Spencer county
who voted fcr James K. Polk against
Henry Clay for President in 1814 only
thirteen are now living, and they are
bent with age and their hair is whit
ened with the fro3t of many winters.
They are: William E. Barker, Jame3
McKinley. John B. Wocton, Samuel
Snider, Robert McGraw, John Mc
Crccklin, William Taggart. Matthew
Maratta, Fields Watson, James Wake
field, Isaac Bean, James Love and
George W. Snider. Bardstown Rec
ord. How She Got Ersn.
Two ladies in a Nebraska town were
talking recently about the character
istics of Mr. Bryan. One was a Baptist
and the other a Presbyterian. The
lady who is a Baptist remarked that
Mr. Bryan, who is a Presbyterian, had
serious thoughts of joining the Baptist
church. The other lady looked at her
incredulously and after awhile re
marked: "Oh, no, he won't." "Why
not?"2 "He would have to be immersed,
and he's afraid to get out of sight of
the people that long." Nebraska State
Journal.
Change Prescribed.
Tramp Cud yer spare a dyin man
a few pennies, mister? Citizen What!
A strong, healthy-looking man like
you dying? Tramp Dat's wot I said.
Me efferts to live widoot workin' is
killin me, an' me doctor says I need a
little change, see?
Loaesooce.
Country Hostess Have you nice
neighbors where you live now? City
Guest Oh, we 'have no neighbors,
now, none at all. Country Hostess
You haven't any neighbors? City
Guest So. We lire In a flat. New
Tor-Wtaaly,
:a
the
Nf;
-mri
y iwr sA tMraattwMs fr
stry,.mIwtrk.Udr.v they
seomrfamr only wk tress that
bw ssthiag.tat aspeah t their
apU4"r.therr cwpldlty. Grawtaf to
mntirtry with llttl ar a lateral In
ta wood awd sWtd aaoat them, they
ar ftB;,at Ueir wUa' eada ta decide
venv rj4s$ajsMtie) that iaaolve the
Meatraeatloa of certain sorts f wood.
A-fall act f veneer, iacladiag in eae
lot domestic aad ' another foreign
woods of alt sorts, showld be part of
the equipment of every school room. It
wonld he well to aav each piece
mounted ta a small frarn r a a
cardboard of samclent body t to'dar
able. Oa the margin th yccaUar -.
actertotka t th tree saM s wrti
tea, lUjUWt. soU., climate, am, atsb
able ageTandTthe uses to wa1cVittsr"
best adapted.
Every child of ten years should be
able to tell at a glance all of the dif
ferent woods that grow in the vicinity
of his home. If to the veneer cards
were added the leaves of the trees in
a green and also in a dry state, the
study would be greatly simplified. Very
few personn are aware of the enor
mous business that is done in veneers
or the expensive and complicated ma
chinery and processes that are neces
sary in order to produce some of the
exquisite articles of furniture which
are offered for sale in our best shops.
There are many varieties of wood
that are peculiarly adapted for ven
eers, and are of great value. Curly
maple and curly birch are growing
scarce, and fine walnut has practically
disappeared from market A large
amount of apple wood is cut every
year, and while it would bring a good
price there are many people who use it
for firewood, probably because it is too
much trouble to put it in order and
find a purchaser for it. Croquet balls
and many other articles are made from
apple wood, which is highly prlxed on
account of its extreme hardness. It
takes a fine polish, and is really a
very beautiful wood. Walnut, which
used to be one of the standard woods
for making furniture, has become very
scarce, and fine qualities command a
most extravagant figure. Oak Is one
of the popular woods for furniture
making. It Is durable, and takes a
high finish, but is exceedingly heavy,
and, in large pieces," quite cumber
some. Rosewood has been much liked
for furniture, but some varieties are
objectionable on account of their ten
dency to exude a sort of gum that
causes roughness and takes away the
fine polish. This is especially true of
veneers, and this has led the experts
to regard with disfavor all articles
made of rosewool. It is out of the
question to detect the imperfections
beforehand, and when they appear
there is usually no redress.
Brewers Horses.
No person ever saw a thin, spare,
cadaverous, bony horse pulling a brew
cry wagon. A decrepit team to a brew
ery wagon would excite remark, in
Newark anyway, says the Sunday Call
of that city. Brewery horses are the
same the world over. Large, line look
ing, splendid specimens of the draft
horse. The reason for it is simple. The
horses are usually a cross between tho
native Perche and the ordinary Amer
ican draft mare. They possess all the
strength and stamina of the native
without the unwieldy appearance. Tb&y
are quick in movement and adjust
themselves readily to the limits of nar
row streets. Most of the large mal
sters have buyers, who make the se
lection, but the purchases are made
under the direct supervision cf a skill
ed veterinarian. Only the choicest
specimens are considered worthy a
place in the stable3. The large dealers
who supply the demand know that no
culls will pass inspection, consequently
only the best the market affords will
be presented. Dahlman, the heavy
draft horse dealer of New York, sup
plies many of the Newark brewers.
Color of Butter. A New York but
ter man says: The color of the butter
Is of great importance. For years there
was a prevailing opinion that consum
ers wanted a deep yellow, almost red
dish color to their butter, and butter
makers tried to give them just what
they wanted. But this requirement, if
it ever existed, has changed very much,
and there is now a growing demand for
pale color. High colored butter doe3
not look well at best, and the addition
cf so much coloring matter imparts a
foreign flavor. Our home jobbers sel
dom complain of too light color, and
the constant call from the export trade
is for pale butter. "I can't under
stand," said a well known shipper re
cently, "why the Americans persist in
painting their butter red." This is a
defect too easily remedied to exist any
longer, and it should claim the atten
tion of our buttermakers at once.
Land Podr. It is an easy matter to
become land poor. This condition re
sults from grasping at everything In
sight. The farmer soon finds himself
burdeped with more acres than he can
properly handle. But interest and
taxes go merrily on just the same. The
question is, does it pay? We are
glad to say that the tendency in this
direction has had a setback in recent
years. Frcm this time forward farm
ers will be inclined to keep smaller
holdings of lands, looking more closely
to the methods by which each acre may
be made to produce an income that will
leave something over for a rainy day
when the expense bills have all been
paid. When the popular disposition is
once well set in this channel it will be
far better for the farming, interests of
the country. Nebraska Farmer.
Secretary Cobnrn of the state board
of agriculture of Kansas has completed
a tabulation of the values of farm prod
ucts and live stock marketed in that
state during the last ten years. The
figures show that Kansas farmers real
ized over $1,300,000,000 for these prod
ucts. Contrary to the general impres
sion the report shows that wheat Is not
king in Kansas. Corn outranks it In
the ten yeara the total value of corn
has exceeded that of wheat by $177,000.
000. Combinations of linseed, peanut,
rape or mustard oil with sulphur form
rubber-like substances which are said
to be largely used in the manufacture
of india-rubber compounds. Pure, un
vnlcanlsed india-rubber will float.
asarly Mbmerged. in water, while ths
all aaastltntM. being slightly btavtftf
h
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