Nebraska Newspapers

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WHOLE NUMBER 1116.
VOLUME XXn.NUMBER 24.
COLUMBUS, NEBRASKA, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 30, 1891.
X
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rf
.
A.AjnEBSON.Prest.
J. H. GALLEY, Visa Fleet.
O. T. KOEN.
G. ANDERSON. P. AXDEftSOK.
.JACOB QBEIBEN, HENRY BAOATZ,
JOHN J. SULLIVAN.
First National Bank,
Columbus, Neb.
Report or Coniition Maj 17, 1890.
RESOURCES.
Loacs and Discounts 208.87V.83
U.S. Bonds 15.22U.00
Beil estate, furx.li.ure aad
nxttres 17.t65.86
Due from other banks $29,77X83
V- e from U. S Treasury.. 675.00
Caihonband 15.478.i5 39.825.87
S270.93O.iO
LIABILITIES.
Capital &i:d surplus
Un I vided profits
Nations bauk notes outstanding...
Bed Bccranu
Due depositors
..80.000.00
. 10.428.li
. 13.500.00
.. 16,881.21
. 156.181.05
S276.990.40
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HENRY G-ASa
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COFFINS AND METALLIC CASES.
IWltepalrlng of all MnrJ vf Upkoh
wlcry Goods.
t-tf COLCMBUI.HBBBAUU.
A STRAY LEAF I
DIABT.
JOURNAL OFFICE
CARDS.
ENVELO
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THE WORLD'S DOINGS.
Happenings of a Week
in Condensed Form.
LA1SD OFFICE FIGURES.
ANNUAL REPORT OF LAND COM
MISSIONER CARTER.
The Peadla; Earrles Hv Bees JLargely
IUdacad Dtirlas th Tear Amount of
Laad. Gives Which Are Still Un taken
la Several ortkwestera States.
The report of Commissioner Carter, of
tbe operations of the general land office
during the fiscal year ending June 30, lfc(,
has been made public. The patent issued
during the years 1890 and 1891 were' pre
emption, 149,519: homestead, 75,545; timber
culture, 8,310; military bounty land, 723;
agricultural college scrip, 32; miscellaneous
scrip, 146; mineral, 1,119; coal, 450. The
Increase of agricultural patent- over tbe
two previous years was 184,164; the IncreftM
of mineral patents 137, and of coal patents
3S2. Tbe number of acres of public lands
disposed of during the year shows that the
cash sales amounted to 2.143.090 acrc. Of
the miscellaneous entries (not cash) 5.C43.
393 acres were homestead and G9,00G were
entered under the timber culture law. The
railroad selections amounted to 1, 57,572
acres; state selection-!, 174,474 acres; Indian
allotments, 117,43, and original swamp,
23.165 acres. Patents to land grants during
the year were 3,088,679 acres, an increase
over the previous year of 2.724,817. Sur
veys were adopted during the year on
8.36,004 acres. The vacant public lands in
the state and territories ere 679,864. 5S3
acres. Commissioner Carter makes a strong
plea for the Irrigation of the arid lands.
Approvals during the year under the dif
ferent grants to the several states for edu
cational purposes and under the saline
grant, having the effect of patents, em
braced an area of 756.172 acres. Of this
South Dakota received approvals for 44,382
and Minnesota 30,181 acres. Tho increase
In approvals for educational purposes dur
ing the year was 2lti.:,B.i acres. The largest
amount of surreys adopted during the year
is In South Dakota. 3.316,639 acres. At the
close of the year there were found to be
83,038 final entries pending in the office,
against 208.064 at the close of the pie Ions
year, a decrease of 125,006. Railroad selec
tions amounting to 28,846,577 acres were
pending on July 1, 1891, which is a decrease
of 930,078 from tho preceding year. The
total number of acres of vacant lands In the
various states and territories is 579.664.6S3
acres. Of these Iowa has 6,000; Minnesota,
6.849,075: Nebraska, 11.463,430; South Da
kota. 14.0S5.394, and Wisconsin. 1,003,133.
Gladstone. Foreign I'olloj.
Gladstone's coming deliverance at the
liberal federation meeting is invested witi
further importance by the authorized an
nouncement that he intends to review Lord
Salisbury's foreign policy and declare what
bis own would be If he should again be
placed in power. If the expectation proves
correct Gladstone will make tho meeting
memorable by a statement of foreign policy
committing the liberals to a line of action
directly opposed to that of Lord Salisbury.
Morley has already declared that the next
Gladstone administration will accomplish
the evacuation of Egypt with tbe least pos
sible delay.
Convicted the Wrong Tramp.
Jacob Brown has confessed to the chief
of police at Minneapolis that be committed
a murder at Ccntralla some years ago for
which a man named Gray Is now serving a
life term In the Chester, 111., penitentiary.
Brown, who was tramping through the
country, got into a bov car to Meep. He
stumbled over a man in the dark and a
fight ensued. Brown killed his assailant
and fled. Gray, another tramp, was ar
rested and convicted of murder.
Allerton and Nancy Hank..
The race between Allerton and Nancy
Ilanks. at the Lexington, Ky., meeting next
month is now a certainty. Both Williams
and Doblc have accepted tiie association's
offer of SS.000 for the first horse. The race
wlll.be trotted either October 13 or li.
Russia Gobbles Persia.
A commercial treaty now being negoti
ated between Russia and Persia will pro
Tide for a relegation of the duty of repre
senting tbe two countries abroad to a sin
gle representative. This probably implies
a Russian protectorate over Persia.
Six People Perish.
One of the most disastrous fires that has
visited Chicago for some time occurred in a
tenement house at 549 and 551 Sedgwick
street- Although the Maze lasted but fifty
minutes, the loss of life only made the tri
fling damage to property stand out more
Insignificantly. Six people arc dead and
more will undoubtedly die.
Five 1-armera Burned.
Terrific fires arc ragiag In Minnesota. It
is estimated that the loss to timber about
Pine City has already reached 200,000. and
this is being increased at the rate of $700
every hour. Five farmers fighting the
flames several miles from Pine City were
surrounded by fire and burned to death.
Gales la England and Scotland.
The northeast gales which havo been
causing so much damage in England and
Scotland have grown wor5e instead of calm
ing down. The latest newfe received as to
the damage done Is that a number of coast
wise vessels have been driven ashore and
lost between Tyne and Forth.
Deacon White Falls Dowb.
The announcement of the assignment and
suspension of S. V. White & Co., of New
York and Chicago, was made on tbe stock
exchanges. White says the failure is due
to long speculation in corn and not in
stocks. The liabilities of the firm are very
large.
The Flag; Floats From One Building.
Work upon the mines building of the
world'6 fair has progressed so far that the
Irst of the trusses to support the immense
central arch, 120 feet high, was put into
position and the stars and stripes given to
the breeze from its top in honor of tbe
vent.
Fatal Bridge Catastrophe.
During the celebration of the feast of
lanterns at the Jokotecho, Akita, perfec
ture, Japan, a bridge fell, owing to tbe
pressure of the throng, wndover 100 persons
were precipitated into the water, twenty
being injured and several killed.
Allerton Will Meet Nelson.
C. W. Williams, owner of the trotting
stallion Allerton, has accepted Dan J.
Leathers' proposition to match Allerton and
Nelson for a pure of 510,300. the winner to
take the whole amount, the race- to occur
October 6 at Grand Rapids.
McKialey aad Campbell.
The chairmen of tbe republican, and dem
ocratic state committees of Ohio have ar
ranged a joint debate between Haj. McEia
ley and Gov. Campbell at Ada, October &T
Campbell has the opening and closing of
tbe debate.
Austria's Peace For Increased.
At a conference of tbe Austrian cabinet.
Emperor Francis Joseph presiding. It has
Toeea decided to increase tbe military bud
get f, 000,000 florins and to strengthen tbe
peace effective force of the Austrian' em
pire. Bloate Carlo Outdone.
Monte Carlo just now is thrown entirely
In the shade by Ostend, where the rage fir
gambling hcem to hare reached a point
approaching madness. A well known Lon
doner, whose ventures in a single day hare
amounted to 600,001 francs, left Ostend a
Tew days ago with enormous gains, and he
is but one of the several who have had as
tonishing luck this season, to the severe
loss of the bank. The play begins at 11
o'clock In the morning and generally con
tinues all day, some even keeping; at it all
night, for the room is open at all hours.
The founders and managers of the club are
not Belgians, but Parisians, and they pay
a royalty to the municipality of Ostend
amounting to 3,000 francs for the season.
HUICn OF BALHACEDA.
Chill's Ex-Prestdeat Despairing-or Escape
Shoots Hlmseir at Santiago.
President Balmaceda, of Chill, shot him
self through the temple in bis room at tho
Argentine legation, Santiago, on Satur
day morning, September 19. Tbe story be
came known in Valparaiso yesterday after-'
noon and created the greatest excitement.
That evening the city was brilliantly illu
minated and on every hand was heard the
sounds of rejoicing. It now seems that tho
story that Balmaceda escaped on the United
Ststcs steamer San Francisco was erron
eous. Instead he left Santiago August 20
in the hope of escaping from the country.
Finding every avenue closed he returned
to the city September 2 and went direct to
tbe Argentine legation. Since then he has
been extremely nervous. No one save the
Argentine minister and one man devoted to
Balmaceda was permitted to see him. About
8 o'clock Saturday morning pistol shots
were heard in Balmaceda's room, and
Senor Uriburla rushing In found that the
ex-president bad just put a bullet into his
brain. The junta was notified and a com
mittee immediately went to the house and
viewed the body. As the news spread
crowds of people gathered around the Ar
gentine legation. They cheered, hooted
and nearly went into a frenzy over the
death of their late enemy. Above all were
heard shouts congratulating him that in
taking his own life he had escaped a worse
fate from the hands of the junta.
TUB CATHOLIC CONGBE8S.
it Will Probably Declare In Favor of the
Pope's Temporal Power.
Although the Italian government has
withdrawn Its opposition to the holding of a
Catholic congress in Rome, it is said that
the authorities will attempt to rigidly pre
vent any formal expression of opinion ad
verse to the unity of the Italian kingdom
and in favor of the temporal power of tho
pope. . Italy has so Mrongly protested
against such utterances In Germany, Spain
and other countries that she cannot with
any consistency permit similar language in
the Italian capital. At first the government
was determined not to allow the congress
to be held In Rome, but on second thought
it was concluded that it would be better for
Italian interests to bave tbe meeting in
Rome than in Vienna, Paris or Brussels, as
t lie tone would probably be less hostile to
Italy if the congress should be within Ital
ian jurisdiction. Notwithstanding Italian
authority, however, the congress is expect
ed to speak plainly, if moderately, In favor
of the restoration of the papal sovereignty
over a portion, at least, of the former states
of the church. The pope, it is said, will re
quire this, whatever tbe result.
THE WAR IN FXKOPE.
Movements That Look Like the Great
Conflict Is Coming.
The London Xetcs correspondent at Odes
sa reports a steady movement of Russian
troops westward. He says that temporary
barrack accommodations bave been pro
vided in all military centers between there
and Warsaw. Military officials are reticent
and tho local press is forbidden to allude
to the matter. The admiralty has ordered
that all larger vessels of the Russian Steam
Navigation and Trading company as well as
the volunteer fleet be equipped with power
erful davits like men-of-war. These prep
arations have given rise to many war ru
mors. The Berlin KreuUeitung in warning
on the western movement of Russian troops
says: "The Russian cavalry depots on tbe
German frontier are three times as strong
as formerly, and new depots are being for
warded. Such measures speak for them
selves." BLAINE WANTS THE MOLE.
The Secretary Has a Line Oat for That
Haytian Bay.
It is stated that Secretary Blaine expects
within the next year to acquire St. Nicholas
Mole, Hayti, as a naval station. All tbe
advices from that land of revolutions show
that Hippolyte's government Is beset with
many dangers ana will soon be forced to
fight for Its life. When this fight comes off
it is understood that Mr. Blaine intends to
make terms with one side or the other, by
which, for tbe support of the United States,
the coveted harbor will be ceded. This is
practically what was done at the time of
tho last revolution, but Hlppolyte went
back on his promise. There is reason to
believe that the next agreement will not be
broken so easily, for Admiral Gbcrardi and
the North Atlantic squadron will be sent to
Haytian waters as soon as the trouble be
gins, and if the coaling station is ceded it
will be occupied at once.
RETALIATION FROM MEXICO.
Dlax Goes Against Blaine in the Great
Tariff Game.
Carload after carload of stock is rush
ing through San Antonio for Mexico, nogs
from Kansas City and other points are es
pecially numerous. The object of the ship
pers is to get the animals into --xico be
fore tbe new tariff goes Into operation, No
vember 1. The law so materially raised
the tariff on American meats that northern
sellers will be practically barred out. It is
understood that the duties were raised on
the personal solicitation of President Diaz
in order that the Mexican reciprocity com
mission may bave a vantage ground in
dealing with tbe United States.
Seven Men Slaughtered.
A terrible wreck occurred on tbe Pitts
burg & Western railroad near Newcastle,
Pa. At that point a work train with a
force of fifty men were engaged in putting
down a new track, and while they were on
the train throwing off the dirt a freight
train crashed into it, piling the cars and
angines up in a mass, and the steam and
boiling water poured over those caught in
tbe wreck. The bodies of six Italian la
borers were taken from the wreck, and
with the killing of the engineer this swells
the number of the dead to seven. At
least twenty men were injured, several of
whom cannot recover.
Will Be Sold October 23.
Judge Dundy has fixed another date. Oct.
23, for the sale of the Pacific Short Line.
In everything except the date of sale the
order is precisely similar to the previous
one.
THE MARKKTS.
CHICAGO
Cattle Common to prune 2.85 6 JO
Hogs Shipping grades
40
3.75
s
&30
SHEEP
WREAXCasn.
Cork Cash...
Oats
4A
Va -5X
- .
(2.49
JBtt
.Hl .08
JS .18
J7 48
'HAXaXaSx e ....Weei
fXaeaX. il'f""
Btjiti Western daiiy.. .....
sioux crrY
Cattle Fat steers
Cattle Feeders...
IlOwS... .
&HEXP.....
Wheat
1400 A&OB
8.75 ilJO
40 $8.05
e
UB 4JO
.av
.28
.
Oats
CORIf
Flax.
. .... ..,
OM HA LIVE STOCK.
Cattle Common to prime. 13.00 e5.00
Hogs Shippers 4.60 & &05
NEW YORK PRODUCE.
WHEAT 1.03 AIM
3
OAM Western....... .,,... .9jH
A VERY SMALL SURPLUS 1
SECRETARY POSTER HAD TO
HUSTLE FOR CASH.
The Redemption of Bonds and Faillhg
OAT ef Caatnms Redaced the Cask Sur
plus la the United States Treasury to
a Small Point.
Less than 11,000,000 In currency available
for business in the vaults of tbe treasury
at Washington was the condition that con
fronted the treasury officials. In the sub
treasury at New York there is $5,000,000 in
currency and in the various sub-treasuries
4,500,000 more, making In all f 10,500,t00 in
currency. There is now in course of re
demption 12,500,000 in currency, which
makes a grand total of f 13,000,C) in cur
rency. The net balance, as shown by the
treasury statement, is 145,000,000. Includ
ing this is $14,000,000 in bank depositories
aad $17,000,000 in subsidiary stiver, leaving
the available balance stated between $13,
000,0.0 and $14,000,000. This statement
docs not Include 9100,000,000 per
cent, gold reserve which Secretary Foster
has stated at various times he could use in
case of necessity, nor does it Include the
gold and silver coin in the treasury. It in
cludes only the currency available for cur
rent demands. It is stated on good au
thority that during the present week the
treasury officials have had to "hustle to
get together sufficient currency to meet the
demands of drafts. This "cramp'' for cur
rency was brought about by the redemp
tion of the 4 i per cent, bonds (more than
$16,000,000 of which have been redeemed
during tbe present month) and also by tho
falling off of custom receipts, which show a
decrease of about 30 per ceat,"Murlng the
current month, over the same last year.
The pension payments have also figured in
reducing the available currency, (7,500,000
having been paid out on this account.
There now remains but $9,000,000 of 4J4 per
cent, bonds to be cither redeemed or con
tinued, and when these are disposed of it is
thought the available currency in tbe
treasury will rapidly increase.
IS GOLD COMING BACK.
Interviews With European Financiers
.Upon the Flow of Geld,
A representative of the associated press
had interviews with Rothschilds, Bpeyers,
Lazard Bros, and other bankers, and they
all agree In their statements that further
large shipments of gold are going to
America. In an interview with Robert
Griffin, the head of the commercial depart
ment and comptroller of the corn returns
of the British board of trade, be was asked
what truth there was in tbe calculation
that England and the continent would be
forced to part with gold amounting to 60,
30,000 pounds to pay for tbe Imports of
American grain. Griffin ridiculed the
estimate. He said that before 10,000,000
pounds in bullion could be sent to America
both the Bank of England and the Bank of
France would raise their rates of discount
and check the drain. According to Griffin
not bullion, but securities and exports,
will go to America to pay for grain. Un
doubtedly, he said, thero will be a heavy
drain of gold for several months to come,
but the payments for grain will not be the
sole cause for such drain. An important
factor in the financial situntlon is the sliver
question. The stable American houses, he
declared, arc making preparations to face
a silver crisis, which is now inevitable, by
making gold purchases in Europe. This
crisis, be said, would be the result of tbe
heavy issuo of silver certificates in
America.
THE RUSH FOR FARMS.
Newly Ceded Lands in the Indian Terri
tory Grabbed by Thousands.
Simultaneous with the arrival of tbe
hour of noon Tuesday the homeseekers who
bad gathered on the border on the newly
ceded Indian lands in the territory,
made a headlong rush over tbe line
into the coveted country and
onto the quarter sections upon which
their eyes had been feasting for some
days and others for weeks and months. The
rush was a mad one, and was made solely
from the fact that the number of home
seekers greatly exceeded tbe number of
quarter sections available for settlement.
There is room on tbe land for about 5.000
settlers, allowing 1 69 acres for each. There
were on tbe border waitiag to claim the
available land fully 15,000 people, so there
were three peoplo for every section. It was
no wonder then that the rush was a mad
one. Like scenes were never witnessed be
fore except in Oklahoma two years ago.
A RICH HAUL.
Robbers Get a Rich Haul from the
Loa-
don aad Westminster Bank.
The banking circles of the world have just
been startled by the announcement of an
Important bank robbery. The institution
suffering is the London and Westminister
bank, limited, an important establishment
having over fifteen branch houses ia Lon
don. The money stolen consisted of a large
parcel of bills remitted from country banks
to the London and Westminister bank.
The thief or thieves must have cleverly
watched for tbe oppportunlty to accomplish
the robbery. The apartment was easy of
access from the street and tbe parcel of
bills is supposed to have been stolen while
the bank officials were busily engaged in
another apartment. It Is currently re
ported that the amount stolen is not less
than $750,000, and that it may amount to
as much as $1,250,000.
ARE THET TRUSTS?
War to
Be Uegun on All the Railroad
Traffic Associations.
It is reported that Special Agent Kretsch
ner, of tbe inter-state commerce commis
sion, has begun a crusade on railroad traffic
organizations, with a view to having them
pronounced illegal by a court. The first
blow, it is said, will be struck at the trans
Missouri association, and the federal grand
Jury at Toneka will be asked to Indict
Chairman Smith and every traffic manager
in the association. The contention of
Kretschner is that combinations for the
regulation of railroad traffic arc in the
nature of trusts and in contravention of
the inter-state commerce act. He will also
try to prove that the pooling of traffic is
not the least of the offenses committed.
The Hostile Chllcats.
The intelligence has been received from
the upper Yukon, Alaska, that a band of
hostile : Chilcats attacked a small
party of two whites and five Indians and
several were killed. It i? thought, at Port
land, Ore., that the party is Ewing Earls
cliff, of Missouri: Herbert Earlcliff. a
young Englishman, and five Indians. All
were well armed. No particulars could be
learned from the Indians who brought the
news.
Jay Gould Helps Deacon White.
The liabilities of S. V. White k. Co., the
New York commission firm recently failed,
are now placed at S3,000,OOC, with compara
tively small assets. It is said that Jay
Gould has insisted upon putting up what
ever finances the house lacks, and the firm
will resume buslnessrithin a week or ten
days.
Strange Cattle Malady.
A peculiar disease is playing havoc with
the cattle near Huntington. Pa. Already
hundreds of cattle have perished. When
attacked the animal's head falls, and its
legs saem unable to bear the weight of its
body. It is believed the disease is a form of
the Texas splenic fever.
Indians In Christian Work.
One hundred and seventy-six delegates
attended the Sioux Indian Y. M. C. A. con
vention at the Yankton agency last week.
A Sioux Indian W. C. T. U. convention is
next In order.
arOILED A LITTLE GAME
Prominent Pierre FeopK Feand
la a
Gaming Roont
Pierre is enjoying a full-fledged baccarat
scandal, with which is connected the names
of a number of prominent citizens and
comnty officers. For some days past rumors
have been abroad of high games being
played, and that prominent merchants who
are late converts to tho prince's game were
losing heavily. The game was being con
ducted In a saloon not far from the business
center, the proprietor of which goes under
the sobriquet of "Cowboy Tom." The police
were Informed that a big gamo was in prog
ress at Tom's place of business, and accord-'
ingly the chief of police made a raid on the
gang and gathered In tbe players. One
was a county official, another a city officer,
then a doctor, two merchants and an engi
neer. Tho Culprits made all sorts of threats
and even went so far as to make affidavits
implicating neatly all the city officers, the
chief of police, members of the council and
others, and threatened to have them all ar
rested unless the case against those caught
at the game was quashed. The case was,
however, called and tried to a Jury. The
players were all acquitted on their own
testimony, they saying that they were only
indulging In a social game of cards. The
police say that there was money and
counters on the table when tbe officers in
terrupted the game. The parties are tak
ing steps-to have the city officers prosecuted
on a similar charge, and also with conniving
at the violating of the prohibition law. and
Interesting developments arc promised.
SOUTH DAKOTA'S SHOWING,
Total Value or This Year's Farm Prod
nets Not Less Than SIOO.OOO.OOO.
Besides the estimated yield of 90,(6),000
bushels of wheat In South Dakota, worth at
present prices $40,000,000, it is pretty accur
ately estimated that, after deducting losses
by frost, thero will be 30,000,000 bushels of
corn, worth $12,000,000; 60,000,000 bushels
of oats, worth $15,000,000, and 6.000.COJ
bushels of flax, worth $5,500,000, making a
grand total of 146,008,000 bushels, with a
present value of $70,000,000. By including
barley, rye, potatoes, hay, cattle, hogs,
butter and eggs, the total would not be less
than $100,000,000, which isn't bad for a state
not two years old, and which only one
year ago, by authority of our governor,
went begging for cold victuals and old
clothes
Slaking- a Test or the Law,
South Dakota has commenced the prose
cution at Yankton of the private banks of
the state, George R. Scougal, of Yankton,
being made defendant in a test case by an
agreement among the bankers. The com
plaint was made before Judge White. Tho
facts stated in the complaint are admitted
and the only question involved Is a question
of law. The suit Is: Can the legislature
constitutionally forbid any common associ
ation or calling not injurious or offense to
all Individuals and confine it to certain
monopolies, corporations or clashes of peo
ple? This point is raised by demurrer and
will be argued. No matter which side wins
the case will be appealed to tho supreme
court and by arrangement it will be decided
at the October term. The legislature last
winter passed a law confining all banking
business to corporations and prohibiting it
absolutely to individuals. R. J. Gamble
appeared for tbe state, and Messrs. Tripp,
Campbell and French for the defendant.
Tried to Wreck a Train.
tt has transpired that a villainous at
tempt was made to wreck the train con
taining several officers of the St. Paul road
that went west from Elk Point toward
Mitchell. It was given out that the train
would go north toward Sioux Falls. During
the night two fish plates were removed and
several spikes pulled and the rails pried to
the left and spiked so that the train would
undoubtedly have left the track and gone
down a twenty-foot embankn.ent and into
the Sioux river. A terrible disaster was no
doubt averted by the section foreman dis
covering tbis bold attempt at wrecking a
train and repairing tho road before any
trains were due.
RATES REMAIN AS BEFORE.
The Freight Schedule or Nebraska Un
changed by the Board or Transport
ation. The Nebraska state board of transporta
tion have decided not to alter tbe present
freight schedules. Their report Is volumin
ous and contains statistical tables in sup
port of their position. In conclusion they
declare that the local rate, which means
the rate between station and station within
the state, is of small significance as com
pared with the through rates and is of no
interest to the farmer, as everything he
uses is shipped to distributing points such
as Omaha, Lincoln, Hastings, Beatrice and
Fremont, on a through rate, and then sent
out over the state on what Is known as dis
tributive or jobbers' rates, which are much
lower than tbe local rates now in force:
and that all of his grain goes out of the
state on a through rate, which at the pres
ent time is a far better rate than Iowa en
joys. As an example they cite the fact that
at a recent sitting of the interstate com
merce commission at the city of Omaha the
Iowa farmers made complaint to that body
and produced absolute proof that Nebraska
has better market rates for Its products
than Iowa. They cite tho rate on corn
from Creston, la.. 396 miles from Chicago,
as compared with the rate from Venango,
Neb., 872 miles from Chicago. Creston, 17
cents per 100 pounds for corn, and from
Venango 25 cents per 100 pounds, making
17 cents per 100 pounds for a 396-mIlu haul
for the Iowa shipper, and an additional 8
cents for an additional haul of 476 miles for
the Nebraska producer. They further find
that the railroads are not in a condition to
stand, nor does their net earnings, figured
on a basis of cost -of $30,000 per mile, and
not on what they claim they cost. Justify
any cut In local rates of Nebraska at the
present time. And further, that a reduc
tion in the local rates in Nebraska would
increase tbe through rates to market for
grain and would be a blow at the industries
of the state. This last finding is asserted
from the fact that the Iward of transporta
tion reduced the local rate on hard coal 60
per cent., and yet the price to the consumer
was not lowered nar the price at the mines
raised, showing that the through rates must
have been raised.
Farming Pays In Nebraska.
Joseph Swartz, of West Blue township.
says a Fremont exchange, came to that
county about twelve years ago with his
family. His all at that time consisting of
a wagon and team and household goods',
altogether amounted to not over $500. He
began farming, and by industry and
economy, guided by good judgment, today
is worth $20,000 and has made it out of tho
soil which he tilled. He recently sold 3,000
bushels of old corn for which he received
50 cents a bushel, and this year has raised
on his farm 20V acres of oats which aver
aged sixty bushels to the acre; sixteen
acres of wheat, averaging thirty bushels:
200 acres of corn that will average fifty
bushels per acre, and this fall will feed for
market eighty head of steers.
Indians Object to Taxes.
Secretary Proctor has requested the de
partment of Justice to interfere in the case
of tbe Thurston county, NebX assessors,
who have been instructed by the county
commissioners to assess as personal prop
erty houses, barns and other fixtures le
longing to tbe Indians on the Omaha reser
vation. Tbe Indians are willing to pay
taxes on personal property, but not on their
houses and barns, which they consider ex
empt' under the allotment act. The de
partment declares that tbis assessment is
illegal.
Alliance Candidate for County Seat.
Farmers City is : new town in Boyd
county. It is the alliance candidate for
the permanent county scat.
UNITED WITH CANADA.
DEDICATION OP THE ST. CLAIR
TUNNEL.
The Grand Trunk's Remarkable Engineer
ing Achievement Many Obstacles Delay
the Work, bat Are Finally Overcome Six
Thousand Feet Long Between Port Huron
and Sarnla.
A Great Work Complete.
The ceremonies by which the St.
Clair River tunnel was formally dedi
cated wore the most elaborate of any
iver held In that section. Extensive
preparations had been made both at
rort Huron, Mic'.i., on the American
side, and at tho town oi Sarnia, at the
Canadian en'tranca to the gre.it tunnel
which bow connects the Dominion with
Uncle Sam's domains Sir Henry Tyler,
Vresident of the Grand Trunk Railway,
with other ofilcia's and prominent pub
lic men of both the United States and
Canada, made an official trip through
tho tunnel, staiting from the American
side. They were treated, upon their
arrival in Canada, to a royal recoption,
after which they returned to Port Huron,
where banqueting and speech-making
again awaited them
The St Clair tunnel, on the Grand
Trunk Railway of Canada, extending
tinder the St Clair River between Sar
nia, Ont, and Port Huron, Mich., is ono
ENTRANCE TO TIIE TCNSEL.
of tho most remarkable engineering
feats of the present day. The Grand
Trunk Railway extended its lines to
Chicago in 1880. About 5,000 miles of
railway will use this tunnel. Previously
steam ferries had been used. Their
service has not been altogether satisfac
tory because the river's current is very
swift; In winter there have been ice
jams; the railway bad to deviate about
six miles; abridgo was impossible, owing
to the nature of the ground and the op
position of the marine Interests. The
St Clair River bears the most commerce
of any stream in tho world.
In 18S4 preliminary surveys were
made. Borings found tho rock eighty-
MiMjmJmB
MEETIXO OF THE SHIELDS VS
six feet below the level of the water: the
river's greatest depth 40.47 feet and its
width nearly half a mile. The strata
wore yellow sand about two feet; with
sand and blue clay mixed about twelve
feet, thence to the rock about twenty
one feet of blue c'ay. Plans and draw
ings were made. The St Clair Tunnel
Company was organized In IPStt. At
first the company thought cf starting
from immense shafts on the shore, and
then working outward to tho land ap
proaches. In 1SS6 test shafts were sunk
on each side of the St Clair River;
drifts at right angles were started under
tho riser; water and gas stopped work.
In 1887 these shafts were legun. The
American one will be used as a ven
tilator. The tunnel plants were erected back
from the river; in Michigan about 1,00
feet, in Ontario about l,!oo feet Each
plant contained a boiler house, hoisting
or winding engines, a ventilating en
A SHIELD HEADY
gine, an air-Mower with a capacity of
10,000 cubic feet of air per minut, a
machine shop with machines for tunnel
work, a water pump for the pit, and an
electric light plant. The tunnel will bo
lighted by electricity. The electric plant
Is in Sarnia. where permanent brick
boiler airi pnuine rooms have been
erected
The great cutt'ngs for the approaches
were commented .Vow Year's. 1SS'..
Each cutting was made about sixty feet
feet deep at t e i.orta'. The Canadian
cutting at it- broadest portion is 2t0 feet
wide, tho American about O'J feet wide.
Into each pit inclined tracks were laid
for engines to haul out the dirt On the
banks derricks were erected for hoistinz
the soiL In September. l!s90, steam
shovels began work on the uttings On
each side of the river two shovels were
used, each attended by an engino and
train of flat cars. Several hundred men
were -employed nizht and day, lime
lights being used at night and the soil
was removed in layers. The work of
these shovels was greatly hindered by
rains and numerous landslides occurred.
'lhe tunnel wails are made of cast
Iron, suggested by Chief Engineer Hob
son. In the circle are thirteen seg
ments and a key. Each segment is 4
feet 10 inches long. 18 inches wide, and
2 inches thick, with ftaeges inside of 1 Vx
Inches thick and 6 inches deep In each
segment were cast 3i holes. 4 In each
end flange and 12 in each side flange.
Through these holes passed steel bolts
seven-eighths of an inch in diameter
In each section of the tunnel tbe cir
cular joints required 157 bolts and
the longitudinal joints required 56 bolts.
The flanges took in a circle of 20 feet
and 5 inches In diameter. The edges of
the plates were planed in the machine
shops near the tunnel entrances Each
plate was then heated and dipped in cold
tar. This had been found better than
to dip the cold iron into hot tar. For
merly the tar would not dry quick
enough; later tho tar was dried by the
time the segments were cool. The seg
ments were lifted to place by a circular
crane revolving on a spindle in the cen
ter of tbe shield. This spindle had
vise at one end and a counterbalance
weight at the other
"When the bed of the river was reached,
quicksand and water made great tron-
'' fV(LAIft TUWtLl
t I IQ9I I
A t ii ii I. LjlT-r t-t
i XjrBfcktJE M
X 1 ZOvHenenenenV- AmK
'- '!PsBEPsVeBnmj2 f
ble. For some time it was thought the
tunnel might have to be abandoned.
Compressed sir was found a suro reme
dy. At the river line on each side,
brick and cement, air-tight bulkheads
were built across the tunnel Each
bulkhead had two air chambers, one on
each side. 7 feet in diameter and 17 tcct
long, with air-tight doors at each end.
Through each air chamber passed a
car track. Inside the tunnel, beyond
tho bulkhead, work was begun under
an air pressure of 10 pounds to the
square inch. From time to time the air
pressure was gradually increased, until
the men worked under an artificial
pressure of 22 pounds per square inch,
a total atmospheric pressure of 37 pounds
per square' inch, or about 2 at
mospheres. On tbe Canadian side the
highest air pressure was used because of
quicksand. On the American tido com
pressed air was used from April 7, 181K);
on the Canadian, May 20, 1S'.R). .
Because of water and quicksand the
St Clair tunnel could not have been
constructed without the aid of hydraulic
mining shields. Such shields had been
used successfully in London, Chicago,
Buffalo, Broadway tunnel, Now York
City, the Hudson River tunnel, and in
other works. This shield is a cylinder,
like a headless barrel. Its front end
has sharpened edges to cut into the
earth. The thin rear end is called the
hood. The in-ide is braced with iron,
both vertical and horizontal. Around
the main walls aro sets of hydraulic
jacks. Each jack has a valve whereby
It may be cut off at any time from the
pump that supplies the jack. The ma
soiiry, or iron plates, of the tunnel, be
ing built up within the thin hood of the
shield, air Is suppliod to the jacks and
the shield Is forced ahead, tisnally the
length of the pistons of the jacks, or
about two feet. The shield having ad
vanced the men remove the soil from
the front of the shield. Everything be
ing in readiness the shield is again
pushed foiward, the tunnel walls built
up. and the excavated soil removed.
Each of the St Clair tunnel shields
weighed eighty tons.
The American shield was started July
11, 18S9, the Canadia Sept 21, 1889, and
they met at 11:M) p. m., August 30, 189a
Tho shields' shells were left in the tun
tunnel and the tunnel walls laid up in
them. The American had done the most
work, and the easiest progress was to
ward Canada, the average being ten feet
eacli day.
The tunnel approaches have tho same
general appearance of solidity as the
tunnel Itself. On each side of the great
cutings are high and deep stone retain
ing walls. Each portal is 36 feet high
and 143 feet wide, about 10 feet thick
over the entrance of tho tunnel, and
about half that width at each end. Like
the retaining walls the portals are made
of rough, heavy limestone blocks. Over
the entrance of each portal is inscribed
St Clair, 1890." The diameter of the
w AmmnsBi
"tf,rs77r77r
TTIK BIR BOKE CSDEIt TIIE KIVER.
circle is 20 feet, and flush with the
tunnel.
The average number of men employed
was 70a In tho tunnel eight hours
made a day's work. The tunnel was
estimated to cost $2,500,000, including
plants, materials and labor, and It re
quired about that sum. It is likely thai
a second tunnel will be built near this.
The present plants and experience will
then be of additional value. The second
tunnel will be of cast Iron, as it is supe
rior to brick and cement for similar
tunnels.
The St Clair tunnel Is 6,000 feet long.
To the river's edge on the American
side it is 1,710 ieet; on the Canadian,
1.994 feet; under tho river, 2,290 feet.
The out-ide diameter of the tunnel is
21 feet the inside 19 feet 10 inches,
tunnel nearest the river is .43 feet from
the river. At its lowest point the top
of the tunnel Is 50.83 feet below the
lovel of the river. From each portal to
TOR THE GRADE.
the r ver the grade is 1 foot- down for
every ." feet: undpr the river, 1 foot
d wn in every l,0fX) feet toward the
Canadian side to that drainage shaft.
'vcr 2,000,000 t-iili- fet of soil was
taken from th tnnnei itself. Thexast
iron lini; g of the tunnel weighed
.',, 000,000 p und. To fasten th's lining
-s.'H.l.-.o steel bolts seven-eighths of an
Inch in diameter were i.sed. The Cana
dian open cutting Is 'i.193 feet
long: the Amrrican, 2,512 feet long.
The total length or the tunnel and its
approaches Is 11,725 feet
In Port Huron Aug 2ft, 1890, was re
corded one of the larzc-t mortgages ever
given in .Michigan. It was for S2,.r,00,000.
The M. Clair Tunnel Company gave it
to secure bonds running fifty years and
bearing 5 per cent annual interest, cov
ering all the present property of the
company. Kent and tolls can be col
lected for allowing other railways than
the Grand Trunk system to use the
tunnel.
- It Is believed that the Grand Trunk
route, as thus improved, will offer facili
ties for through communication between
Chicago and all points in the East which
. will be appreciated by pas-engers and
, shippers. There will be no more trouble
from Ice blo"ks or other obstructions in
the river and the best time will be made
for traffic of all kinds.
In digging out the colossal statue
of Barneses II. nine feet and four
, inches of consolidated 2file mud had
i to be removed before the platform
was reached. This platform was laid
1.361 j-ears before Christ, in the reign
of Kameses. Hence, three and one
half inches of this consolidated mud
represents a century, there having
lapsed 3,215 years since then. Under
the platform a depth of thirty feet of
Nile mud had to he penetrated before
sandy soil was reached, and. according
to this, 10,000 more years must have
elapsed. Pieces of pottery were found
there that show the Egyptians to
have possessed enough civilization to
form and bake vessels of clay 13,000
years ago.
Sax Fbaxoioco ha 4.800 taJaoas.
THE OLD RELIABLE
t
Columbus State Bank
(Osiest
I-
Fays Iituitst nfiie Deyats
AMD
labs loan it Seal Estate.
I86UZS BIGHT DBAFTS ON
Cklenf. He
all
FereicmCewJttrlea.
SELLS STEAMSHIP TICKETS.
BUYS GOOD NOTES
And Helps Its Customers when they NseA Help.
OmCIII AHD BHICTOM :
LEANDER GERHARD, President.
It. H. HENRY. Vice-President.
JOHN BTAUFKEK, Cashier.
1I.BKUGGEH, ti.W.HULST.
COMMERCIAL BANK,
OP
COLUMBUS, NEB.
HAS AN
Aitnorizefl
Capital of $500,000
Fail ii Capital
OFFICERS:
0. JL SHELDON. Pres't.
H. 1. H. OEHLBtcn. Vice-Pres't.
C. A. NEW U AN". Cashier.
DANIEL SCHRAM. Ass't Caih.
STOCKHOLDERS:
C. H. SheJdon. J. P. Becker.
Herman P. H-Oehlrioh, Carl Blenko.
Jonas Welch. W. A. McAllister.
J. Henry Wurdeman. H. M. Winslow,
George W. Galley. ?-c-,9?. n v, , fc
Frank Borer. Arnold . H. Oehliicn,
Henry Loseke. Gerhard Loseke.
eBank ofenostt ; interest allowed on tlino
deposits; bay and sell exchange m United
States aad Earape. and bay and sell available
securities. We shall be pleased to receive your
basinets. We solicit your patronage. !Sdec37
A- ITJ88ELL;
PWMPS BIPAIBSD ON 6HORT
OTlOsn.
OHvt tt, MirtMHNi Pest-tfUee,
Judicious Advertising
Creates mmnj a new business,
Enlarges many an old business,
Revives many a dull business,
Rescues many a lost business,
Saves many a failing business,
Preserves many a large business,
Secures success in any business.
e saw a ssaa at bnsiaees, aad we add that
fafftsfnll eHerustsg , for this ssctioa ol country.
THE JOURNAL
Aa ene ef tae ssnttawa. becaase it is sea ay the
lest Bessie, those wao know what they wast anrf
nay firwhat taey get. We cbailcage comparison
vita any country faaer ia the world in this ro.
speet-tweaty years BblishiBg by the sama
ntaaagesMat. and never oae den to subscriber
islhsri la In JotrnifAL. This, better thac
aaitaJasT else, shows tae class ef people who
reaaXnJovn:
rovmsAi. every
tf
m
mtm
2sT AfwiTtB WSsHStJI
PATENTS
and all Faft.
1ATM1
. 8. PA'
ae snvaaciea.all hnsiaeja
iswsie if eaUwUbU or net, fres of
a Basr- sw niaaaisssL riisssi
rise net 4oe till pateat ia secormd.
leveOMaln Fiteata," with refer-
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mBwessBEgm
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