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About The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 3, 1890)
jmtnral (fMumte COLU3LBUS. NEBRASKA. WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 3, 165H). WHOLE NUMBER 1073. VOLUME XXI -NUMBER 33 3 .- 1 . f v-1 .f. 4 4 . j . .. r a Ih niltKCTOK a. ADiL-0:.. r"t. J II MLUUfi. Vic- Pras-t, O T. KOKX. Castier. cr .lr iiNin. J i-'i'r.roj1 y J At;oa UI1X16KS. HKN ST RAOATZ. Joh.NJ 3CI.LIVAN : 'NT'FIbsON. J sNPKP.SOJT nrst NalionaS Bank COLUMBUS. If Report of Condition May 17. 1390. f.iso tract - i uJ Mtccai'.i Si.TJ S3 " f b,s a la 0 lO 1 : -t-:-. f .-nitr tLU .x-.ur t 11.I3S Ss .- f.-ju. o . .- Dink 23,7'.! 7 e -. llcimr. CM (W ! -a Lui J 15.4i9 5 39.SUJ 7 7J.3.- 40 ig.3:r.:ria. as: ! sgj-i srr Us ... x'.Jwi 01 iid!pr flti :t,t It a ii;n. bsk s :itoitiUB.ii . njtn m edf co at a l-.Ul 2l Japoi.tjr 15J.I1I.C5 H7C930 a jSuriutss ards. J. :. 11.1.4:. ItKi'TCHr.k ADVOKAT. U-Hcit nT-r t olanibas &ta: Bask, Cotamhas Nebraska. J9 QII.I.IIA A BKKDKII, A Tl'OkXZYS A T LAW. d"Mf .er N.T:oai: 1'aak. ( uliurbai, M-lf 1 J tt. COOIila. ' DIlA andEXPRESSMAS. .- :t 3il i.-Tr ,.ultc wooeU handlea wita -.r ilrbC-marier. tt J V l!?ker&C.'etsEea. ', Lu:e. ana ; irSsBS.ysttf B H I CK M A JvKRS ! .7 r.'r.i..-s -ui l.cjdar trill find oar !i.-.cV. ti-riay red -,fir-i at rc-aso&abi rate h: a!u ;ikjre"l 'c. Cu -.i Vira e! brick srcrk. I.nayCm T K. TCP.:.'ER : CO.. P-.- -i.i- ..a Puuiislters of ths ::iTasr: ;;;-::..:. .: : -1 S23 rax::.! ::c.s.i. H0U1 j..t-t 1 '.iii !iir for 1-iAi a jar. ;r-.-! .1 .i;li S .st: t Jotr-tr.. $1 W v i i!.A!.: i.-J! :: W M t UKELiU9 . Jiai.i.w t i:k a 4'OKir.i.tuai A T Ui:. K YS A V LA It'. i ( olczi!iu. ul. Tt. C BOYD, HANCAi.TCttI3 of Tin and Sheet-Iron Ware! Job-Work. Roofing and Gatter in a Specialty. HPt!l!ti- on ISih I'tefrt. Krs.i H-o.' old KNAPP BROS.. Contractors and 8uildsrs. L.-::ai:- furn.l.-l 03 !nck &nd Hoot work J.. 4 i lnnc f rrv Stoi.l alUatioa gia to .. .1 ; tj.ii.-. ininUrt. elc Htaialt &ad !t i- iicting old o' aw lirick work la rvpra-i-.-n j.sl bnck. pftslir (WraapoasUaca -m.'!y K.N API' BROS.. ttlas:ba.Sb. LAITD FOR SALE. A UNK IMPIUAKO .'AKM ,, .,'.. in l M ( r.. V val'er. L vr l i.lu iibn. ooataiamrf JX) otc- bv.r- v- . . urnlT caivtatic It acr-i tiiv.i) timorw. r luamJer m"sJ) "n rjorpranii blua itraHi ;iuMlare una ha JasJ; l- f.iit !-, ;-t''-e.. PaS .Jierr. pluiat. ct,ocw b.ar:ng: U k:cii of ..r'iaaenrl in 3ii hrnU. Ji fu'i.b-ar:nf trip" r:ae. H.e farai reUt i fene-vl. aad li-ntlo-t toaal anJ. r feare Uwol.icg faocsa . . n la tcia lrkiA .r ofvn ruia. na. . cvu 1 i..-...- ,' "T tT ;Ur 2rxt- uSice. or adi:aaa. U. i!.. car of JOC . ;-siUa. Niir 32inajtf A STRAY LEAF! DIARY. TffK JOURNAL OFFICE -rom CARDS. ENVELOPES. NOTE HEADS. BILL HEADS. CIRCULARS. DODT.ERS. ETC. , SUBSCRIBE NOW V i roi r TIE C0L1MUS JOURNAL aS THE AMERICAN MAGAZINE. SFt QftT BxKfsr a Tear, at $iM. r 0 TbJcbai. la ackxouaad Uba tii twat aw awl faauly tpac la PUtta eountfjkad Tat Xricas Migatina ia ltaa onlj bicn-c!aas moato. If TBt-.T.- dVrutad biira to AssarmB U(t tar. Azaricaa TUcaht tu Proaaav aaU ! tka o: daciitod upcaaat cC Aaenesu laatiU. tiosa. 1 ia a cKd aa may of tM older ar. iaai . f ar&iablac ia a jaar onr I.i63 itn of tHa bfiicest tearal&n. written uj t!e sbiwM Aairi Aaaatfaora. Itia baautifullr illnl.'atcd. aad is rick with chanaiBscoatisaeaaad art alori'a. So mora ppripri: praarct ra hi md '.iiaajHr'i kftiiicriptioa to Tb Ameri au M-;ijn. Jt will U aapaaiallj trUUaat dsriac tba jac Tka crka wt Jccbjiai. ia SJ-M. aaJ TW Aaeri-MMTjr-T-'-f WawtacawUf-iliJa. A l " S'SSfi pr mmn mm. To tne uare and Hoii of HopreMMit at!vc The report- of the ieverul execu tive department' which will be laid before rongre-s iu tho ii'-ual course. I11 exhibit lu detail the operation- of the govemmeut for the last five year--, and only the more im portant incident-, results, and chiefly such as may be the foundation for the recom mendfons I hall submit, ill be referred to In this annual mesae. The vast and In creasing buainos of the government has been tra.sucted by the several department-s durlnz the year with faltafulnes. enersy and success. The revenues, amounting to above 450,000.000, have leen colectfd and disbur-od without reveal. ng, so far a- I can ascertain, a single case of defalcation or embezzlement. An earnest effort ha-, been made to stimulate a -ense of respou-lblllty and public duty on all officers and employes of every grade, and tne worW done by them has almost wholly e-caped unfavorable criticism. I -peaW of the-e matters with fredom, be cause the credit of this good ork Is not mice but I- shari d by the heads of the several department- with the irreat body of faithful officers and emplojes who serve under them. Tne closest scrutiny of con gress Is Invited to all the method- of ad ministration and to every Item of expendi ture. Ol'K rOIJEHJX RELATIONS. Tl ot UouJ Hill and Common Iuteet Materially Strengthened. The friendly relatlousof our country with the nations of Europe and of the east have been undisturbed, while the tie-, of good will and (sjrnmon iatcre-t that bind us to the state-of the western hemisphere have been notably strengthened by the Confer ence held in thl- capital to consider measure-, for the general welfare. 1'ur-uaut to the Imitation authorized ly comrre . the repre-eutativesof eerj Independent -tate of the American continent and of Hayti met in i-onferenue in this capital In October. Il. and continued In session until the 10th of last April. This important convocation marks a tno-t interesting and continental epoch in the history of the etcrii hemis phere. It is noteworthy that Urazil. in vited while under an Imperial form of so -eminent, shared as a republic in the delib erations and the result- of the conference The recommendation of this conference were all Iran-nutted to ennsrvs at the la-t mission. The international marine conference which sat In Wa-hlngton la-t winter reached a very gratlfyiug result. The reg ulations siizgested hae leen brouzht to the attention of all the government repre sentsl. and their genera! adoption is conti deully ep'fted The legislation f conzre at the last session i- in conformity with the propor tions of the conference, and the proclama tion therein provided for will 1h i-stied when the other powers have glen notice of their adhesion. The conference of Hrils--el-. to devi-e mean- for -uppre ing the -l:ie trade in Africa, afforded :m opjjor-tunltj- for a new expression of the interest the American people feel in that great work It s.xn lK-came evident that the measure projxiseil would t.i the lesouices of the C'-Higi basin beyond the revenues available, under the .''iiir.il act of Iterliu of lss4. Tin- 1'nited Slates, not beinz a party t" that act. could not -hare in it- re vision, but by a separate act the Independ ent state of t lie Congo as freed from the restrictions upon a custom- revenue. The demoralizing and destructive trallic in ani ent -pirlts among the tribes also claimed the earnest attentiou of the conference, and the delegates of the 1'nited Slates were foremost In advocating measures for its suppression, the Influence of which will le verv helpful and et. n 1 over a wide region. Assi.mii a- the-e m-:isiites sj;ill receive the sanction ot tlie neiiieri.ir.u-. ior a time withheld, tho general acts will lie' submitted for ratification bv the senate. Meanwhile negotiations have been opened for a new and sjmplete treaty of friend-hip of commerce and navigation lH-teen the Tnlled State and the independent -Lite ..f Congo. Toward the end of the past votir the only Indejiendent imperial govenum-iii on the western continent ceased to el-t and :i succeeded by a republic Diplomatic rela tions were at ouce e-lalili-lesi with ihe new government, but it wa not complet.-ly rei' ocnized until an opportunity had he. n af forded to ascertain that It had popular ap proval and support. When the com-c of events had yielded assurance of this fact, uo time was lost in extending to the new government a full and cordial welcome Into the family of American c. mmerce and wealth. It Is confidently I-heved thai the good relations of the two countries will be preserved and that the future will witness an increased intimacy of mtcieout-e and an expansion of their mutual commerce. The jieace of Central America ha again beeu disturbed through a revolutionary chango In a!vador which was not recog nized by other -tales, and hostilities broke out between Salvador and toiatemala threatening to Involve all Central America in a conflict. I nder the progress which has been made toward a union of th ir in terests, the effort- of this government were promptly and zealously exerted to compose their differences, and through the active efforts of the representative of the I nited States a provisional treaiv of peace was signed August 6. whereby the right ofihe republic of Salvador to choose its own ink r was recognized. Gen. Kzeta. the chief of the provisional government, ha since In en confirmed in the presidency by the assembly, and diplomatic recognition duly followed. The killing of lieu. Barrundia. on board the Pacific Mall -teamer Acapulco. while anchored In transit to the port of :tn Jo-e. I)e Gautemala. demanded careful hiqulrv. Haviuz failed in a revolution by attempt to invade Guatemala from Mexican in n tory. Gen. Harrundta took pas-age a 1 Ac-ip-ulco for Panama. The coneut of the repre sentatives of the United States was sought to effect his -eizure. first at Champerio. where the steamer touched, and afterward at an Jose. The captalu of the steamer refused to give up his pn.ociiger without a written order from the 1'nited "tatos min ister. The latter furni-hed the de-Ired lei. ter. stipulating as the condition of his ac tion that Gen. Harrundia's life should U spared, and that he should be tried oulv for offenses growing out of his Insurrection ary Kovement.s. This letter wa- produced to the captalu of the Acapulco by the mllltai v comiuauder at an Jose as his warrant to take the passenger front the steamer Gen. Barrundl resisted capture and was killed. It being evident that the minister. Mr. MIzner. had exceeded the bounds of hi- au thority iu intervening incompliance uith the demands of the Guatemalan autlujrt ties to authorize and effect. 111 v iolatlou of precedent, the seizure on a vessel of the United States of a passenger of transit charged with political offense in order tuat he might be tried for ueh offenses under what Is disjcribed as martial law. I was con strained to disavow Mr. Mi.tier" act and recall him from hl post. The Nicaragua c.iidi project, under the control of our citizens. U joking most en couraglug progress, all the preliminary con ditions and initial operations havlug fcreti accomplished within the prescribed lime. During the past year negotiations have been renewed for the .settlement of the claims of American citizens against the government of Chill principally growing .-nt of the late war with Peru. The reports from our minister at Santiago warrant the expectation of an early and f"Uifctory adjustment. Our relations with China, which have for several years occupied so important a place to our diplomatic history, have called for careful consideration and have been the subject of much correspondence. The com munications of the Chinese minister have , brought Interviews on the whole subject of our conventional relations with hi country: and at the same time this government. , through its legation at Peking, ha. sought to arrange various matters and complaint, touching the Interet and protection of our citizens In China. In pursuanceof the con current resolution of Cct. 1. IsOO. I have proposed to the government of Mexico and Great Britain a conventional regulation of the passage of Chinese laborers acros- our j southern and northern frontier. ' On the 3-d day of August last Sir Edmund Manson. the arbitrator selected under the treats of Dec 3. 1;$. rendered an award to the effect that uo compensation was due from the Danish government to the United States on account of what is commonly known as the Carlos-Butterfield claim. Par relations with the French republic coiitisu to be cordial. Our representative at that cour; bas very diligently urged the removal of the restrictions imposed upon our meat products, ami tt is believed that substantial progress has been S3.de toward a Just settlement. The Sanioaii Jreaty Ifmed last year at Berlh. by the represe'ata- tlves of the Tinted Mate-. Germany and Great Britain, after due ratification ai.d ex-change has legan to pnxluce salutary effects. The formation of the government agreed upon will soon replaco the disorder of the pa-t by a stabli?"adminl-tration alike just to the natives and equally to the three powers most concerned iu tiade and Intercourse with the samo.in i-land. The chief ju-tlce has Iceu chosen by the king of Sweden and Norway on the invitation of the three powers, and will soon be installed. The land commission of the municipal council are in process of organization. A rational and evenly distributed scheme of taxation both municipal and upon imports is in operation. Malietoa Is respected a king. The new treaty of extradition v.ith Great Britain, after duo latific-itiun. was pro claimed on the Sath of last March. Its beneficent working I- already apparent. Tlie difference liotwec-n the two govern ments touching the fur Hral question In the Uchriug sea is not jet adju-ted. a will be seen by the correspondence which will -oon be laid before congress. The offer to sub mit the iniestion to arbitration, as pro posed bv iier majesty's government, has nut been accepted for the rea-ou that the form of submission proposed is not thought to be calculated to us-ute a conclusion -at-isfactory to either party. It is sincerely hoped that before the opening of another sealing season some arrangement may be effected which will assure to the United States proprietory right derived from l'u sla. which was not dl-regarded by any na tion for more than eighty years preceding the outbreak of tlie existing trouble. In the tariff act a wrong was done to the kingdom of Hawaii which I am Louud to presume was wholly unintentional. Duties were laid on certain commodities which are Included in the reciprocity treaty now ex luting between the United Mates and the kingdom of Hawaii without including the necessary exception in favor of that king dom. 1 hope congress will repair what might otherwise seem to le a breach 01 faith on the part of tins government. An award In favor of the United Mate in tlie matter of the claim of Mr. Van Bok kele against llaytl was rendered on the Ith of December. 1, but owing to dis orders then and afterwards prevailing in Ilayti tiK" terms of payment were not ob served. A new agreement as to the time of payment has been approved and i- now in force. Other just claims of citizens of th United States for redress of wrongs suf fered during the late political conltict iu llaytl will, it is hoped, speedily yield to friendly treatment. Pmnositioiis for the amendment of tin treaty of extradition betwten the United States and Italy aie now under considera tion. You will l.e asked to ptovide tlie means of accepting the invitation of tne Italian government to take part in an ap proaching conference to consider the adop tion of a universal prime meridian from which to reckon longitude and time. this proM)sal follows m the track of the re form -ought to lie initialed ny the meridian conference at a-hlngton. held on the in vitation of the government, the Unitt.l States should manife-t a frit ndly Iniere-i In the Italian proio-al. In thi-connection I may refer with ap proval to the suggestion of my predecessor, that standing provision he made for accept ing, whenever deem.d advi-abie. the fre quent invitations of foieign governmnts 10 share iu conference anil baiking to the ad vancement of international reforms in ie gard to science, sanitation, commercial laws and procedure, and other matters af-fi-Cting the intercouie and progre of model 11 Communities. In the summer of l"!1 an incident oc curred which for -ome time threatened to iuteirupt the cordiality of our relations willi the government of Portugal. 'I h it government seized tlie D.l.igoa Bay rail way, which was constructed under a con cession granted to an American ilizen ami at tlie same time annulled the charter The concessionarv . who had embarked his fortune in the enteiprle. hav iug exhausted other mean- of redress, was compelled to invoke the protection of IiK government. Our tepresentations. made coincident ly with tlic.se of the British government, whose -objects were also largely inter, st.d. happily resulted In the recognition by Portugal of tlie propriety of submitting the claim for indemnity, growing out of its action, to arbitration. Thi- plan of. settle ment having been agreed upon, the Inter ested powers leadily concurred in the pnw p-al to -ubinit tho ca-o to the judgment of llir-e eminent jurists to be designated by the pr sklent of the Swiss republic who. upon the Joint invitation of the government-of the United Mate-. Gieat Britain and Poitugal. has s lected per-ons wen .ualifiel for the tusk before them. Tlie revision of our treaty relations with the empire of Japan ha continued to lo tlie siibhft of consideration and of corre sp indctice. Tlie questions involved are ImiIi grave and delicate, and while it will be inv duty to -ee that the interests of tlie United Male-, are not by any chnugt s ex-po-ed to undue discrimination. I sjneer. ly h('i that sui-h revision as will satisiv the legitimate expectations of the .I.ipam gov-riniienl and maintain llie pre-ent and long 1 xi-ting friendly relations betvvien Japan and the United Stales will !. ef. fee ted. The friendship Ix'tween our country and Mexico, liorn of cli.se neighborhood and strengthened by many consideration-of in timate intercourse and reciprocal interist. ha ne.er lx-en more conspicuous than now. nor more hopeful of increased liu-tit to both nations. Tlie intercourse of the two count s by rail, already great, is making constant growth. The established lines and those lecuntly projected udd to the in timacy of t rathe and open new channel-of access 10 fresh areas of demand and supply. The importance of the Mexican railway svstem will 1k further enhanced to a degiee almost nuossl)le to fotecast. If it should lecome a link In the projected mter-conti-nental railway. I recommend that our mi -Ion to the City of Mexico be rai-t-d to the tir-i class. The cordial character of our relation, with -pain warrants the hope that by the continuance of mclbods of friendly negotiation- much may be accomplished In I In direction of a:i adjustment of the pending question, and of the Increa-e of our trade. The extent and development of our trade with the Island of Cuba invest the commer cial relations of the United Mates and Spain with u ptn'iiliar importance. It is not doubled 1 hat a .pecial arrangement iu re gard to commerce, based upon the recipro city prov 1-ioii of the recent tariff act, would operate :nrt-t beneficially for both govern ments. Thi. .ubject Is now receiving at tention Ot'K REVENUES. Aliioiiiit. Collected From Various -oitrc and How Disbursed. The revenues of the government from all -ources for the tjsealjear ending June ."to. Js'.m. were ei4t3,Wa,fr,..", and the total e.x jietiditures for the same period were s. f.!..W.j.. The iHstal meeipta have not heretofore leeii included in the statement of the-, uggje-gftte. mid for the purixst of comparison the -uin of ftt),:J,irti7 'Si should be deducted from lxith sl.ie. of the account- j The surplus for the year. Including ti.e t amount applied to tin sinking fund, was ' itI03.344.4M.03. The receipts for M'Ovrcr. I fM.flsU).y23.7it. and the expenditure-- l3.7al'.--71 in exec, ot tho-e of 1-st. The customs r.s-eints increased 53.-a...42.-s. and the ' receipt from internal revenue Si 1.723.P."!.-ef-. whiLe, oa the jde of expenditures, that for penainu wa Sl!.3!-.073.M in exces. of the preceding year. The treasury stajeuienf for the .current fiscal year, partly actual and partly esti mated. Is a. follows: Becelpt froia all source. ?4M,000,0G0. total expenditures. 4:1X4. 000. Olid- tearing fi snrnlns of Sj'J.oOO.- U0O. not taklag the postal receipts into the account on either side. The loss of revenue from customs for the firt quarter is esti mated at S2o,000.000, but from this is de ducted 3 gain of about Slfi.OOO.OOO.j-euUzcd during the first four month of the vear. For the year ls!0 the total estimated re ceipt are S2T3.7G0,oeO and the estimated expenditures So3T-s53.303.43, leaving an estimated surplus of S15.147,T&0.'5s, which, with a cash balance of $32,006,000 at the be ginning ofthe year, will give Sfi7,147.700.5a as the sumavallable for the redemption of outstanding bonds or'-other uses. The esti mates of receipts, and expenditures for the postoftice department being equal are not included in this statement on either side. The act directing the purchase of silver bullion and the issue of treasury notes thereon, approved July 14, lsdth had been administered by the secretary of the treas ury with an earnest purpose togat Into cir culation at the earliest possible dates tho full monthly amounts of treasury notes contemplated by its provisions, and at the same time to give to the market for silver bullion such support as the law contem plates. The recent depreciation in the price of allver bas been observed with re- grtl. 'Che rapid it-e m .rie - which an ticipated and followed the pa age of tin act wa- inttiienceil in ouie degree by p.s:u latiou. and the recent n action i- iu par! the re-ult of the Niwe cau-e and in part of the recent monetary di-turbance-. .-nine mouths of further ttiai will he neces--.iry to detirmine the peinianent effect of the recent legislation upi'ii -ilvei value-, but it is gratifying to kno.v that the in creased circulation seemed v the act ha exerted and will continue to exert a most oeneticial influence upon bu-iuess and upon general values. While 'it ha not been thought bet to renew formally the sugges tion of an international conference looking to an agreement touching the full u-e of silver for eolnag? at a uniform ratio, care has been taken to observe closely any change in the situation abroad, and no favorable opportunity wHlbelo-t topn mote a result which it is confidently 1 believed would confer very large benefits upon the cotnmurce of the world. Tlie recent monetary disturbance-, iu Kng land are not unlikely to suggest - re-examination of opinions upon this -ubject. Our very large supply of gold will, if not lost by impulsive legislation in the supixwed inter est t silver, give us a position of advantage in promoting a permanent and safe Inter national agreement for the free u-e of sil v er as a coin metal. Th" efforts of the sec retary to increase th- volume of monev Iu circulation by keeping down the treasury surplus to the lowest practicable limit have been unremitting aud in a very high degree successful. The tables presented by him. showing the Increase of m.iin-v In circula tion during the last two decades, and espe cially the table showing the Increase during the uiiretef-n month- he has administered the Mffairs of the department, are Interest lug and Instructive. The increase of money lu circulation during the nineteen months has been in the aggregate j'.Cj.sOtl.slX. or about 1.50 per capita. and of lids increase only t7.100.uyt) was due to the recent stiver legislation That this substantial and needed aid given to commerce resulted In an enormous re duction of the public debt and of the an nual interest charge isa matterof Increa-ed satisfaction. There have been purchased and redeemed since March -t. l-!. 4 and 414 per cent- lioinls to the amount of .s-Jll.s:r.'.-4."i. at a cost of S-4i;.6-.'0,741. resulting in the reduction of the annual interest charge of 5s.iH-,T.c,i)i. and a total saving of interest of .s5I..75,70i;. I notice with great pleasure the statement of the secretary that the re ceipts from internal revenue have increa-ed during the last fiscal year nearly -'l-.'.OOU.OOO. and th.V the cost of collecting this larger revenue was le-s by .m).iI7 than for. the same purpose in the preceding vear. The percentage of cost of collecting the customs revenue was less for the Iat fiscal vear than ever before. The customs ad ministration board provided for by the act of June III. IV.m. was selected with gieat care and Is composed in part of men who-e previous experience in the ad-minlsiratl.-n of the old customs regulations had made them familiar with the evils to !e lemedled. and iu part of men who-e legal and judicial acquiremeutsand experi ence seemed to fit them for tlie work of in terpreting and applj ing the new statutes. The chief aim of the law Is to -ecure honest v ablations of all dutiable merchandise aud : make ilic-e valuations uniform at all our ports of entry It had Ix-en mane man ifest by a congressional investigation that a -v stem of iniderv aluatiou had long ben iu ue by certain classes of importers, re sulting not only in a great lo-s of rev nue. but iu a most intolerable discrimination against hone:v. It is not seen how this legislation, when it is understood, can be regardtd by the citizens of any country hav nig commercial relations with Us as un friendly. If any duty is supposed to I x- cessjve. let the complaint be lodged there. It will surely not le claimed by any well-di-po-ed people that a remedy may be sought and allowed in a system of qua-i smuggling T1IK I'OSTAL sERVICK. Cralityiuc l'rigr Mail in This Kraneli ot the Service. The report of the postmaster-general show-the most gratifying progress in the important work committed to his direction. The business method have been greatly improved. A large economy In expendi tutes and an increase of $4,77.",0uo in re ceipts has been realized. The deficiency tiiis ye-ir 1- S3.7"3.:;"0. a- against ?6.:k"irt.l-'J last ear. notwithstanding the great en largement of theserv Ice-. Mall routes have b en extended aud quickened, and greater accuracy and dispatch In distribution and delivery have been attained. Tlie report '.vill be found to be full of Interest and sug gestion, not only to congress, but to those thoughtful citizens who mav be interested to know w hut business methods can do for that department of public administration which most nearly touches all our people. The passage ot the act to amend certain sections of the revi-ed statute- relating to lotteries, approved sept. P.. l.-'.'O. has been received with great and de-erved popular favor. The postoftice department and the department of justice at once entered upon the enforcement of the law with sympa thetic v igor, and already the public mail have been largely fretd from the fraudu lent and demoralizing appeals and litera ture emanating from the lottery com panies. THE NAVY. What Ha. Been Done ittitl I Dolus; ill Our Itene- The con-truction and equipment of the new -hips for the navy have made very-s.it-1-factviry progress. Since March 4. !'. nine new- veseN have been put in com mission, and during this winter four more, Including one monitor, will lie added. The construction of t'le other vessels authorized 1- being pushed, both in the government uml private yards, with energy and watched with the most scrupulous care. The ex periments conducted during the year to tet the relative resistiug power of armor plates have been o valuable so lis to at tach great attention in Rurope. The oniy part of the work upon the new -hips that U threatened by unu-ual delay in the armor plating, and every effort is being made to reduce that to the minimum. It i a source of congratulation that the anticipated In fluence of modern veels upon the fpliit 1 urif of the officers and seamen ha been fully realized. 1 otitideiice and pride in tlie ships among the crew are equivalent to a secondary battery. Your favorable con sideration is inviteii to the recommenda tions of the -ecrctary DF-PAtiF-HEST OF THE IJkrElUOK. -Kti.faitory ite.uli. Attained Dining if; rl iVar. The report of the secretary of the interior exhibits with great fullness and clearn. the va-t work of that great department of the -all-factory re-ults attained. The -ug-gtrt:oris made by him are earnestly com mended to the enn-idcration of congre-s. a ili cannot be given particular !ii.'ntioi here. The several acts of congress looking to the reduction of the larger Indian re-erv a tion. to the r.iitn." rapid settlement of the Indian niwin individual allotments, and th; restoration to the publ;c domain of land iu oxce of their need havv beep largely carried into etteci, -o f.i ... the work was confided to the executive. Agreement- have been concluded sir ee March 4. li. involving the ceIon to the United State- of a tout 14.72t.,000 acres of land. These contracts have, a- requin-d by law. beeu submitted to congress for ratification and for the appropriation neee ary to carry them into effect Those wiih the si-seton and W&hpeton. Sae and Uox. Iowa. Pottawattamtes and absentee shaw'nee-, and Coeur d'Alene tribes, have not yet' re ce;ved the sanction of congress. Attention is also called to therac: that the appropria tions made iu the cae of the Sioux Indian.; have cot covered all the stipulated pay ment. This should be promptly corrected. If an agreement is confirmed all of it term should be compiled wjth without de lay and full appropriations -hould be made. The policy outlined iu my lat annual iueage in relation to the patenting of laad. to settler- upon the public domain ha been carried out tu the administration of the land office. Xo geueral suspicion or Imputation cf fraud has beeu allowed to delay tjje hearing apd adjudication of in dividual caees upon their merits. The pur pose has been to perfect the tftje of honest settlers with such promptness that the value of the entry might not be swallowed up by the expene and extortions to which delay subjected the claimant, The average monthly issue of agricul tural patents ha been Increased about sjx thousand, The disability pension act, which was approved on the 27th of June last, has been put into operation as rapidly as was practicable. The Increased clerical force provided wa selected and assigned to work, and a considerable part of tbe force engaged In ezanilaatlous lu the field wu j recalled aud ndch-d to the workins force of the ofihe. Tiie examination and adiudica j tiou of claims have, bv reason of Improved 1 methods, been more rapid than ever before. ! There i no economy to tlie government in delay, while there 1 much hardship and Injustice to the soldier. Tlie auticipatid ejiiienditure. vhlle very large, will not. it i believed. be in e.xcessof the estimates made before the- enactment of tlie law. Thi liberal enlargement of the general law should sugge-t a more careful scrutiny of bills for special relief, both as to the cases In 'vhicli relief :., grunted and a- to the amount allowed. The increasing numbers and Influence of the non-Mormon population 111 Utah art1 ob served with satisfaction. The tecent letter of Wilfoivl TV'oodruff, president of the Mor mon church, in which he advised his people to "refrain from contracting any marriage forbidden by the laws of the land." ha- at tracted wide attention, and it i hoped that It- inMuence will be highly beneficial in re straining Infractions of the laws of the United States. But the facts should not Ik overlooked that the doctrine or belief of the church that idgamoub marriages are rightful and supported bj divine revelation remains unchanged. President Vodruff does not renounce the d.vtrlne. but refrains from teaching it, and advises against the practice of It because the law is aguin-t it. ..i it i- quite true that the law -iiould not rtlK-iiint to deal with the faith O- belief of J any oner but It Is quite another thing, aud tne only safe thing, so to deal w Ith the ter ritory of Utah as that those who believe polygamy to be rightful shall not have the power to make it lawful. The admission of the states of Idah o and Uyondugto the union are events full of congratulation, not only to the people of the slates happily endowed with a full partici pation In our privileges and responsibilities, but to all our people. Another bell of states stretches from the Atlantic to the Paellle. The work of the patent office has won from all sources a very high commendation. The amount accomplished has been very largely Increa-ed. as all the re-ults have been such as to secure confidence and consideration on the suggestion of the commissioner. The enumeration of the jieople of the United .-tales under the act of March 1, 1'.0. has lieen completed aud the result will tie at once officially announced to i-oiiirr . The completion of this decennial enumera tion devolves upon congress the duty of making a new apportionment of representa tion among tne several states according to theii representative number. At the last session 1 had cccasioii to return with my objections several bills making pro visions for the erection of public buildings, for the rea-ou that the expend itures contemp ated were, in my opinion, greatly in excess of atiy public need. No class of legislation is more liable to aouse. or to degenerate Into an unseemly scramble about the public treasury than this. There should le exercised In this matter a wise I economv based upon -on:e re-ponsible and impartial examination anil report a- t eacii case under n general law. AOKICUI.TUBK. 1h Keport of the Secretary Iles-rt lug Ksprrial Attention. The report of the secret? r.; of agriculture deserves especial attention in lew of the fact that the year has been marked in a very unu-ual degree by agitation aud or ganization among the farmers hmklng t -in increase In the profits of their biisine-s. It will be found that the efforts of the depart ment have bten intelligently and zcaloiisiy devoteil to the promotion of the Interests intiu-tcd to its care. A very substantial improvement lu the murket prices of the leading farm prinluets during the year N noticed. The price of wheat advanced from -1 cent-lu Octolx-r. I-s-.t, to St.O'i"1, in Oc tober. Is'.xl; corn from 31 cents tojfl. cent-: oats from l'.i'i cents to 4:: cents aud barley from tS cents to 7-cent-. Meats showed a substantial but not so large an increase. Tlie export trade in live animals and fowls show- a very large lncreae. The total value in such exports for the yeat ending June :tn. Iy0. was n.;.000,00f, and tie- in-ciea-e over the preceding year was -!."),-OOD.OOii. Nearly 20i.t0) more cattle and 430.000 more hogs were exported than in the pteceding year. This export trade in '.eef and pork produ ts and in dairy products was very largely increased, the increase in the aiti ele of butter alone1 being from 15..".04.7s pounds to 2'j.7,.042. pounds, the total, increase lu the value of meat and dairy products exported lelng :iu,o0.00u. T.ii trade. o directly helpful to the farmer it is believed, will he yet furlh r and largely Increased when the sv stem of Inspection and sanitary supervision now provided by law Is brought fully into operation. The effort-of the secretary to establish the healthfulness of our meat-agaln-t the disparaging imputations that have been put upon them abroad have resulted 111 substantial progress. Veterinary surgeons sent out by ihe department are now allowed to participate in the inspection of the live cattle from this country lamkd at the Eng lNh docks, aud during the several months they have been on duly no case of conta gious pleuro-piieumonia ha ln-en reported. Thl inspection abroad, and the domfstic inspection of live animals and pork pro ducts provided for by the ,o-t of Aug. .Hi. l-io. will afford as perfect guaranty for the v. hob-si niicuess of our meats offered for foreign consumption aa is anywhere given to any food product, and 11-non-acceptance will quite clearly reveal the real motive of any continued restriction of their use: and that having been made clear, the duty of the executive will he very plain. The information given by the -fcretary of the progress and prospects of the iieet sugar ludiiatry is full of interist. U has already passed the experimental stage and isa cumtueruial success. The area our I which the sugar beet can be ucce-sfully cultlvaied is very large, and another field crop of great value is offered to the choice 1 of the farmer.. The secretary of the treas ! urv rviii-urs iu the rect emendation of the secretary of agriculture that the official iiperv i-ion prov ilk d by the tariff law for sugar of dome-tic product t 11 shall be inn--feried tu the department of agriculture. TMU TAKlFr'. . Collar- aud the Count ly Congratulate.! I I pou ihe Taiiage ot Uh. uf llij;r I Impi.rtaiier. J 1 ci ngratiilate cougr and the e..i n liy upon tlie pa j at the fir-t -.- 1 111 of 1 the Kify-lir-l congress . f an unusual number of laws of very h;gi iriiportrii v 1 That the results of this k-gIiatioi. will be j the quickening ntid l-iijargenient of ieir . manufacturing Industrie-., larger and letter : 'iiarn'l- for our breadstuff, un.t Letter I wagi for our working people, and an l:i- ciea-. d supply of prov i-ion- both at home and abroad, more eon-taut employment and , a safe currency for tho transaction of hu-i- nes. I do not doubt. -,,j.lt. f the-e in. a ' uh- wen.- enacted at o late a iWdthat . the beneficial effect- upon commeri e which ! were in tlie contemplation of . ongi - have , ,i- yet but partially manifested thern-elve-. j The general trade and Ir.du-triaj coudilK n- , throughout he t-.mntrv during the yar ' bate jfioa;i .1 marked improvement, lor j in.in v ts,s, prior to ls. the merchandise ; balances uf forei?" trade hail treen largely iu our favor, but duriin; that year and the year following they turned against u.. It is very gratifying to know that the ial li-eal year again shows a balance in our ! favor of over 535.000.000. Tlie bank clearings J w'-ieh furnish a good test of the volume of husir.e-s transacted for tbe fir-i ten nioutns . of the year 150 show. 3- compared with the 1 ame months of l-0. an increase for the I whole country of about ;.4 percent., whila the increase out-ide of the city of New York was over Vi per cent 'luring tho I month of Ootpbef thn clearings of the whole 1 connny showed an increase of 3.1 per cent. pver October, l;Pf while putsldc of New IYork the Increase wa ll'.J per cent. Thfe figure show that the increase in the vol . unif. of business wp -e.ry snieral through ' out the country. That thi- larger business j was being conducted upon a afe and pnifit ahle basis i shown by the fact tljrit tnero f rrere 0 less failures reported la October, , l'.o. than in the same tucnth of the- pre ceding, year, with liabilities dimini-lied by about ?57.000,OOQ. The Talue of our exports of merchandise" tfurics the last year wa overU3,00.),000 5r6ater than the preceding year and was only exceeded" once in oui history. About ?)Q0,0oa.Qfflf oftlsi- uxc-" was in agricultural pioducu. Thu taniti:i: tlou of pig iron always a bo..! gauge of general prosperity I- ahowu by a recent census bulletin t0 ,de t.-eii 133 per cent, greater n lyj"j th-.:i iu JstO, and the -production of steel 2-J p cent, zreater, M;uia? lu coal has U.ol uo limitation except that revolting from Tin 01 clect transportation. The general te:l u:ouy U that labor l everywhere f .. etn ployed, and the reports for the la-t" year how a smaller numberof employe atTc ird by strikes and loclt-outs than in any year! since ISs4. The depression in the prices of agricultural products ha lieen great ly re lieved and a bouyant and hopeful tone 1 was beginning to bo felt by all our people, j These proniisin; influence- have been m omc degree clsvoked by the surprising and -very unfavorable monetary events which have recently taken place in Kugianu. it 1 gratifying to know that thee did not grow In auy degree out of financial rela tions with our people, or out or any dis credit attached to our .securities held In that market. The return of our bond and .stocks was caused by a money stringency In England, not by any loss of value or credit in the securities themelveri. We could not, however, wholly ecape the Ill-effects of a forelgu monetary agitation, accom panied by such extraordinary incidents as characterized this. It 1- not believed, how ever, that these evil Incidents which have for the time unfavorably affected values lu this country, can long withstand the -trong, safe and wholesome influences which are operating to give to our people profitable returns in all branches of legitimate trade and Industry. The appreheusion that our tariff may agalu and at once be subjected to Impor tant general changes would undoubtedly add a depressing influence of the most seri- 1 ous character. The general tariff act has ouly partially gone into oieratlon. some of Its Important provisions being limited to ' take effect at dates yet tu the future. The ' general provisions of the law have beeu In force less than sixty days. Its permaueut effect upon trade and prices still largely , stands In conjecture. It is curious to note that the advance In tne prices of articles wholly unaffected by the tariff act was by many hastily ascribed to thut act. Notice was not taken of the fact that the general tendency of the markets was upward from ' Influences wholly apart from the recent tariff legislation. Tbe enlargement of our currency by the -liver bill undoubtedly gave an upward tendency to trade and had ' a marked effect on price, but this uatural and desired effect of the silver legislation was by many erro neously attributed to the tariff act. There Is neither wisdom nor justice In the ' suggestion that the subject of tariff revision shall be opened before this law has had a fair trial. It Is quite true that every tariff schedule Is subject to obj.ctlons. No bill was ever framed. I suppose, that lu all of its rate and classifications had the full ap proval of even a party caucus. Such legisla tion Is always and nece .inly the pruluct of compromise as to details, and the present law Is no exception. But In Its general scope and effect I think it will justify the , support of ikoso who believe that American ' legislation should conserve and defend American trade and th wage of American workmen. The misinformation a to the terms of the act which ha- been -o widely j disseminated at home and abroad, will be ' corrected by experience, and the evil auguries as to it result confounded by the market reports, the savings bank, inter. . national trade balances, and the general prosperity of our people. Already we te gin to hear from abroad and from our cus tom houses that the prohibitory effect upon importations Imputed to the act is nor justi fied. The imports at the port of New York for the first three weeks of November, here nearly S per cent, gre-tter than for the 1 same period In 19, and 2t per cent, greater than In the same period of 1. And so far from being an act to limit export. I confi . dently believe that under it we shall svure a larger and more profitable participation in foreign trade than we have ever eujoyed, I aud that we shall recover a proportionate ; participation in the ocean carrying trade of the world. The criticisms of the bill that have come to U from forelgu sources may well lie rejected for repugnancy. If these ctitics still believe that the adoption by us of a free trade policy or of tariff rates having reference solely to revenue, would diminish the participation of their own countries in the commerce of the world, their advocacy and the promotion by speech and other , forms of organized efforts of this movement , among our people i a rare exhibition of , u-efulness In trade, and on the other nand. If they sincerely believe that the adoption of a protective tariff policy in this coun try Inures to their profit aud our hurt, it Is ; noticeably strange that they should lead i the outcry against tlie authots ' of a policy o helpful to their country men, and crown with their favor those who would snatch from them a substantial share of a tiade with other lands, already Inadequate to their ne."e-sl j ties. There Is no disposition among any of 1 our people to promote prohibitory or retal- 1 latory legislation. Our policies are adopted not to the hurt of other-, but to secure for ourselves these advantage- that fairly grew- ' out of our favored p-it!oti a- a nation. Our form of zovemment with it- ineldeut of universal suffrage make It imperative that we shall s?ve our working people from the agitations and distresses which -cant work and wages that have no margin for comfort ' always beget. But after all this js , done it will he found that our market are open to friendly commer- f cial exchanges of euormou value to other great powers. From the time of my ! induction Into office, the duty of using every power and Influence given by law to the executive department for the dev ship ment of larger market. for our praducts, especially our farm products, has been kent constantly in mind, and no 6ffort ha- been or will be spared to promote that end. We are under no disadvantage in any foreign market except that we pay our workiugmen . aud workwomen lettr wage- than are paid elsewhere, relative to tbe cost of the necessaries of life, I doubt that every largely increased for eign trade Is accessible to us without bar tering for either our home market for such products of tbe farm aud shop a our own people can supply, or the wage, of our working people. In many of the product ' of wood and Iron and Iq meats and biead tuff, we have advantage, that only need better facilities of interest than trauporia. tlon to secure for them largo foreign markets. The reciprocity claue of the tariff act wisely and effectually opens the way to secure a large reciprocal trade In exchange for the free admission toonr ports of certain products and the right of inde pendent nations to make special reciprocal trade concessions is well established, and does not impair either the comity due to other powers or what Is known as the -favored nation" claue o generally found In commercial treaties, and whnt is given to one for an adequate consideration cannot 1 be claimed by another freely. The -tale of the revenues was such that we could ' dl-pose with any Import thuisa upon coffee, tea, hide, and the lowvi grade of sugar and molasses, and that the large udv autage resulting to the countries producing -ind , exporting these articles, by placing them on the free list, entitled iu ti expect fair return la a way of cu-toms. concession upon aitlck exported by u to them, was so obvious that to have gratuitously aban doned this opportunity to enlarge our trade would have been an unpardonable error There were but two methods of maintain ing control of this question open to con gress to place all of these articles vp. the dutiable list subject to ,iicii treaty agreements a could '-e ?ctue.d. or to place thgm all presently upon the free Ilt but ) jiibjeot to the reimroltion of specified di: ties of the countries from which we recelvtd them should they rcfu-e to give to u- suita ble iecIprocI beiifctiU Thl- latter methml. t think pose e great -advantage-- t cxprei in advance the rou-ent of con gre? to reciprocity arrangements affecting these products, which must otherwi have , oeen ueiayeu auu iinascenaineu uniu eaen diction or this subject it -hould b vcr treaty was ratified by the senate and the . ci-ed and uniform rub's prowled for the necessary legislation enacted by congre--. ' administration of hn -flairs of insolvent Experience ha shown that --ome tieatic- j debtors Thp Inconvenience- re-ulting from looking to reciprocal trade hare failed to the occasional and temporary exercl.e of secure a two-thirds vote In the -?sr.tp wr thi power by congress and from the con ratification, aid other- naviaz passed flicting -iate code- cf insolvency which that, stagp tiave for year- awaited I come iuto force tntermedlatelv, should be tbji eoucurrence of the house removto oy the enactment of a simple, in nnd -enate ill such modifications of osi I expensive anil nern1.-11.ent nation:.! bank revenue law- a werq necessary o glv t ef fect to their provisions. We now have the concurrence of both hou-es in -ylvauce. in a distinct and definite offer of free entry tq our Don of -neclfic articles Tiw cwn. t:v e Is not required ta deal In conjecture as J to what copgress will accept. Indeed, thl ' reciprocity provision is more than nr. -liTe.. . - Our patt ot the bargain i- complete. . Ie- j , ivery ha been made, and-when 'he, .court- , trie ironi whicii we Tecelve sugar, coffee- tea, and have placed on their free lUtsauch J of aur products as shall he ;.grtel i.pou ts 'isin equivalent (or out CGnceSIon, a proc- lamatioc of lhat fact completes tie trans. I action And iu the meantime our own th.-o-i pie hav e free sugar, jca. coffee and hides, i The iudrcuthTii thus far given ate. ery , hopeful uf eatlv and .faxorcibte. actioi. by ' the Countries from which wc receive our large Imports of coffee and sugar, and it L confidently believed .that; jf "steam con. j municatior. with the-e countriei cau le pioaip'tly n.niroved and" enlarged" ll:. mi yeur-w.:! -how. a i..tst gratifying increase j 1 :ii our eje.us n ijicausiun una provis ion., -js weK as uf some In part.ut lines of maaufasture-d ;ocd. A EXTI.t: REMINDER. BUle at High lnp.rtance Which Shoultl lie raeil at an Eaciy Date. In addition to the hills that liecame a law before adjournment of the last session some other bills of the highest Importance were well advanced toward a final vote and now stand upon the calendar of the two houses in favored position. The present session ha a fixed limit, and If tlie-e measure- are not iiow brought toa final vote, all the work that has been done upon them by thi con gress is l.t. The proper consideration of an apportionment bill aud of the annual appropriation bill will require not only that no working day- of the session shall be lot but that measure-of minor and local interest shall not be allowed to inter rupt or retard the progress of those that are of universal interest, in view of these conditions I refrain from -bringing before you at ihls time some suggestion- that would otherwise be made, and mtv-t ear nestly Invoke your attention to the duty of perfecting the .mportaut legislation now well advanced. To -ome of these meaures which -eeiu to me most Itni. riant 1 now freely call your attentiou. 1 desire to re peat with added urgency the recommenda tion contained In my lt annual meage iu relation to the development of American steamship lines. The reciprocity clau-e of the tariff bill will Is- largely lim ited, and its Iveuelits retarded ami dimin ished if provision is not couletnioraneously made to encourage the establishment of first-class -team communication betwe-eu our ports and the ports of uch nations as may meet our overtures for enlarged com mercial exchange. Tlie steamship, carry lug the mail steadily aud frequently, and offering to passenger- :v comfortable, safe aud -peedy transit Is the fir-t ouditlou of foreign trade. It carries the order of the buyer, but not all that l ordered or brought. It gives to the sailing veels such cargoe- a- are not urgent or perish able, and. indirectly at lea-t. promote that !mportantadjunct of commerce. There 1 now both lu this country and in the nation of Central ami Snub America a -tate of ex pectation and confidence a to the in-creast-d trade that will give a double value to your prompt action upon this question. The preent situation of our mail Communi cation with Australia Illustrates the Im portance of early action by congress. The Oceanic Meaniship company maintain- a line of steamers lieiween San Francisco. Sydney, mid Auckland, con-istlug of three- ve-el. two of which are of United States registry and one of foreign registry. For the ervk-e done by this line iu carrying the raaila we pay annually the sum of St'i.Oi'O, lielng. as estimated, the full sea and United Mate inlaud Ostagc. which is the limit fixed by law. The colonie- of New South Wale and New Zealand have been paying annually to these lines io7.(oo for t-arrnig tbe maii from Sidney anil Vuckland to an Urau cico. The contract under which this pay ment ha- he-en made Is now aliout to expire, aud these colonie have refused to renew the contracts unless the United States shall pay a more equitable proportion of the whole suru nece-sary to maintain the ser vice. I am advied by tbe prvstma-ter gen eral that the United State- receives for carrying the Australian mails brought to San FrancLsco In tho-e steamer- by rail to Vancouver an estimated annual Income of 173,000, while, as I have stated, we are pay lug out for the support of the st.-amship line tli.it brings this mail to us ouly -W.OUO. leaving an annual surplus, re-ulting from this service, of S2i.l)0. The trade of the United State- with Australia, winch 1- In a con-lderahk part carried by" the-e -teamer-, the whole of which I- practk'ally dependent upon the mail communication which they maintain, is largely In our favor. Our total export of merchandise to Australian orts during-the l!-cal year ending June r,o. i:o. were SI1. 2ijti,t4, while tlie total imiMirt- of merchan dise from these port were only 4.277.t7t. If we are not willing to ee this Important steamship Hue wlthdrawu. or coutiuued with Yaucouver substituted for San Uran cisco a the American terminal, congress should put It lu the power of the postma-ter-geueral to make 14 liberal iiicrea-e In the amount now paid for the transportation of this Important mail. The otith Atlantic aud gulf iort iN-eupy- a very favored posi tion towards the new and Importaut com merce which the reciprocity ciaue of the tariff act and the po-tal -hipping bill are designed to promote. -teamhip lines from thee ports to -.line northern port of sjuth America will almo-t certainly effect a con nection between the railroad -y stems ()r the continent-long before any continuous line of railroads can be put Into operntlon. The very large appropriation made at the last session foi the harlKir of Galveston w.ia Justified. a it -ecmeil to me. by tbee consideration. The great northwest will feel the advantage of trunk lines to the south a well u- to the east and of the uew markets opeuetl tor the supply of fid productsand for mauy of their man ufactured product. I had occasion in my last message to transmit to congre-, a report adopted by the international American conference up on the itbiect of the incorporation of an international American bunk with a view to the facilitation of money exchange-, be twen tlie states represented in that confer ence. Such an Institution would greatly pro mote the trade we are seeking to develop. I renew the recommendation that a careful and well-guarded charter be glvon. I do not think the wcrs granted -huld include those ordinarily exercised by a trust guar anty 3 ud -fe depo-it company, or that more branches in the United -tales should be authorized than are -trictly necessary to accomplish the object primarily In view, namely, convenient, foreign exchanges. It is quite important that prompt action should bo taken in this matter. In order that any iPl'ropriatlon for better -ommunIcatUn with those countries and any agreements that may be made for reciprocal trade may not be hindered by the inconvenience of making exchanges through European money centers or burdened by the trlbuual which is an accident of mat method of business. The hilt for the relief ut the supreme court has, after u.any years of di-eu--!on. reached a position where final action Is at tainable, and it Is hoped that any differ ences of opinion be -o harmonized as toiuve the e ential features of thl Important measure. In this connection I earnestly renew my re-corntaciUatlori that the salaries of tho judges uf the United States district v'iirt. be so readjusted that none of thorn shall recelvo Ie-s than ?3,0.u per annum. The subject of the unadjusted -pani-h and American !.ud grants and the urgent ne cessity for providing some commission for tribunal for the trial of .iueiluiis which grow out of thoiu were twice, brought by ine to the attention of congress ut the last session. Bill have been reported from the proper commit te a in lxith liou-t- upon the subject, and I very earnestly hope tlist Oils eougre will put an end to the delay which ha- attended the --ttk:.ieui of thedl-pute-a- to title between settler- and their claim ants unue; these grant-. Tloe dispute, rein id the prosperity and disturb the pac. of large and important Coiaruuuities. ihe governor of New Miriin in l.i- l-.s report to the ecrctary 'f the interim, stig. gestasome modifications of the provision of the pending bills relating to the -mall holdings of farm laic'- 1 coiurnend toyoi.r attention tho suggestion, of the -ecretarv of the Interior upon this-stibject. The enactment of a national bankrupt law I still regard as verv de-irable. The constitution having given to congress mn rupt law I al-o renew uy- recommendation m, faxor of legi.lt Ion affording just copyright pro. tection to foreign authors ou footing of reciptocal advantage sif ,-,ar author-, abroad. It MiiT -.till be possible, for Uo congre to Inaugurate bv suitable legislation a movement Iooklna to uniformity and in- crea-ed fety in the ue of couplers and ! btake- 1 pou freight train rugagel in inter state commerce. The chief difficulty In the way is to secure agreement as to the be-t appliances, simplicity, effectiveness and cost being considered This difficulty will ocly yield to legislation, which should be based upon' full Inquiry and impartial test. The purpose should be to secure the co operation of all well-dipoeU managers and owners, but the fVarful fact that every year's delay, involves the sacrifice of 2.OO0 lives and the maiming of 20, wo young men should plead both with congress aud man agers against any needless delay. The use of the telegraph by the postoffice department as a means for tho rapid trans mission of written communications Is. I be lieve, upon proper terms, quite desirable. The government doe- not own or operate I the railroads, and it -hould not. I think. j own or operate the telegraph line-. It doe. j however. eetn to be quite practicable for the government to contract with the tele graph companies, a- It does with the rail road companies, to carry at specified rate such communications a- the senders may designate for this method of transmission. I recommend that such legislation be en acted as will enable the po-totfice depart ment fairly to test by experiment the ad--, vantages of such a u-e of the telegraph. The subject of the conservation and equal distribution of the water supply ot the arid regions has had much attention from con gre. but has not as yet been put upon a permanent and satisfactory basis. The urgency of the subject does not grow out of any large preseut demand for the Use f these lands for agriculture, but out of tho danger that tbe water supply and the-slte for the necessary catch balns may fall Into the hand- of Individual- or private corporations and be used to render subser- vlent the large area- dependent upon such supply. Tho owner of the water is the owner of the lands, however the title may run. All unappropriated natural water source- and all neee ary reservoir sites should be held by the government for the equal use. at fair rate-, of tho homestead settler-who will eventually take up these land. The United State- -iiould not. In my opinion, undertake thecoristructlouof dams or canals, but should limit Its work to such surveys and observations as will determine, the water supply, both surface and subter ranean, the areas capable of Irrigation, and the Use and location of the storage capacity of reservoirs. This done, the use of the water and of the re-erv olr sites might be granted to the respective state- or terri tories. .r to Individuals or associations upon the condition that the necessary works should be constructed and the water fur nished at fair rates. wlthoutdLscrlmluatiou. the rates to he subject to supervision by legislature or by boards of water comml . -loner- duly constituted. Tho essential thing to lie secured is the common and equal use at fair rates of the accinnmu lated water supply. It were almost better, that these land- -hould remain arid than that tho-e whooe-cupy them should become the slave- of unrestrained iiionoX)lles con trolling the one e ential element of laud values and crop re-ult. If any Intelligent and loyal company of American citizen- were required to cata logue the essential huniau conditions of na tion? 1 life. I do not doubt that with abso lute uuanlmlty they would begin with "Free and Honest Election." And it l- gratifying to know that generally there Is. a growing and non-partisan demand for lietter electlou law. But against this slgu of hope and progress mu-t be -et the de pressing and undeniable fact that electlou iaws and method- are-ometime- cunnlugly contrived to -ecure minority control, while violence completes the shortcomings of fraud. Iu my last annual meagc I suggested that the development of the existing law providing a federal saperv ilon of congressional election- offered an effective method of reform ing these abuse-. The need of such a law ha- manifested ltelf In many parts of the country and It wholesome restraints aud penalties will be Useful m al". The consti tutionality of .-uch legislation hits been af firmed by the supreme e-ourt. Its probabht effectiveness. I- ev ideiiced by the character of the opiMfsitinu that Is made to It. It ha been denounced as if It were a new exercise of federal iower and an invasion of th rights of tlie -tate--. Nothing could be further from the truth. Congress has al ready fixed the time for the election of member-of congress. It ha- declared that votes for member- of congre must lie by written or printed ballot. It ha- provided for the apixtlntment by the circuit courts In certain cas-. and 11 oii the Hjlltlou of : certain number of eltizeu. of election supervisor,, and made it their duty t., supervise the registration ot voter- con ducted by the state officer-, to challenge persons offering to register: to personally Inspect and scrutinize the registry lists, auit to affix their names to the lists for the pur pose of identification and the prevention of frauds: to attend at elections ami remain with the boxes until the vote- are all cast and counted: to attach to the registry list and election return- auy statement touch ing the accuracy and fairness of the regis try and election aud totakeaud transmit to the house of representative- any evidence of fraudulent practice- which may be pre sented to them The -ame law provides for the appointment of deputy United State-marshal- to attend at the .oil, support tho supervisors iu the discharge of their duties, and to arret per-ons violating the election laws. Tlie provisions of this familiar title of the revi-ed statutes have been put into exerete by both the great political partie-. and In the north a- well as iu the south by filing with the court the petitions re quired by law. It is not. therefore, a ques tion whether we shall have a federal elec tion law. for we now have one. and have had for nearly twenty years, but whether we shall have an effective law. The pres ent law -tops Jut -hurt of effectiveness, foi it surrender, to the loeal authorities all control over the certification which estab lishes the prima facie right to a seat lu the house of representatives. ThN defect should be euied. Equality of representa tion and the purity of the elections must b maiutalne-d. or everything that Is valuable iu our system of government I- lost. The qualifications of an elector must be sought in the law. not In tho opinions, prejudices, or fear-of auy da-, however powerful. The path of the elector to the ballot box must be free from tlie ambuh of feur aud the enticement- of fraud: the count so true and open that none shall gainsay It. Such a law should be absolutely bon-partl-an and impartial. It should give the advan tage to honesty and the control to majori ties. Mireiy there Is nothing sectional about this creed, und if it -hould happen that the penalties of laws Intended to en force thee rights fall here and there. It Is not because the law 1- sectional, hut be caue. happily, crime Is local aud not uni versal. Nor should it be forgotten that every law. whether telating to elections or to any other subject, whether created by the -tate ot by the nation, has force behind It. The court-, the marshal or constable, the po.'f corn (tif it. The prisons are all and always behind the law. One can not be justly charged with unfriendliness to any section or cause who seeks only to restrain violation- of law and of personal right. The community will find lawlessness unprofit able. No community can afford to have, li known that the officer. who are charged with the preservutiot. of tho public peace and the restraint cf the crimi nal cla-ses are themselves the product of fraud or violence. The magistrate Is then without re-pect aud the law without -auction. The floents oi lawle ness cannot h lielieved and made to run In oue channel. The killing of a United States marshal car rying a writ ot arrest for an electlou oN fense is full of prompting and suggestion to men who are pur-ued by a city mar-bal for a crime again.t life or property. But It l id that thl legislation will revive race ariinursitle-. and ome have eveu sug gested that when the peaceful methods or fraud are made Irni-o-slble they may b siipplaiited by intimidation and violence. If the propo-ed law gives to any qualified elector by a hair's weight mote than thi rencwal. influence, or detard- by so much from any other qualified elector. It I- fata 11 y impeacbed. But ir the law Is equal and tlie- dntiiio-itie-i it Is to avert grow ,.ot of the fact that ome elector- have lieen accustomed to exercise that franchlo for other- as well a for tliern-nlve- then these animosities ought n&t to 1m confessed without shame, snd cannot be given any weight iu the dis cussion without dishonor. No choice Is left to me but to enforce with vigor all laws In tended to -ecure to the citizen his consti tutional rights, aud to recommend that tu tnadequatle-s of such laws be promptly reniedled. If the promotion, with aeal and ready lnti-ret. of every project for the de velopment of its material Interests, it rivers, harbor-, mine- and factories, and the Intelligence, peace and security under the law of it- communities and its homes, 1 not accepted a- sufficient evidence of friendliuess to auy state or section. I can not add connivance at election practice, that not only disturb local results, but rob the elector- ef other states and section- of their iuot priceless, political right. The preparation ot the general appropria tioablllsshould be conducted with tne great est care and the closest scrutiny. The expen diture, and appropriations should be ade quate to the- needs of the public service, bus they should be al-olutcly free from j.odl 2ality. I venture again to remind yca that the. brief time remaining for th consideratiou. of the important IegislatUa saw awaiting, upon attentiou offer. zo marzla for waste. If the present 4my b di-charged with dill-, gence. flieiity and courage, tbe work of tbe rllty-first congress may be confidently suw. mltted to the considerate judglient of the people. (Signed) Bo-jamin Uahbison c ..J Jk j T. --i.
