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VOL. XX.-NO. 25.
COLUMBUS, NEB., WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 9, 1889.
WHOLE NO. 1,013.
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STATE BANK.
COLUMBUS, NEB.
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Catli Capital - $100,000.
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COHBIM
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COLUMBUS, NEB,
-UA8 AN-
Aathorized Capital of $5(K),000
MM in Capital 90,M0
OFFICEIIS:
C. H. SHELDON, Pitw't.
H. P. H. OHLRICH. Vice Prw.
C. A. NKWMAN. Cashier,
DANIEL 8C3HRAM. Aiw't Tnnli.
STOl'KIIOLDEItS:
C H. BImMob. J-1. Hncker,
fbraMB P. lLOflhlricli, Cil Rienkc.
JiutM Wdeh. W. A. McAllister,
J. Hn Wurdrtnan, H. M. Winttlow,
Oeom W. Galley. S. C. Om. .
Frank Korer, Arnold P. If. Oxhlnrli.
ISTBaak of deposit; interwt allowed on time
deposits; Iny and sH exchauxe on United States
ad Eamie, and buy and sell available securities.
We shall be pleased to receive jour business. We
solicit your patronage. 28dec87
it.
1 .
FORTHE
WESTERN COmGE ORGAN
CAM. ON
A. A M.TURNER
r . W. MIBLEBt,
XnTlllC talcu'
tVIVM oraas am first-lass in every liar
tiedar, aad so Kuafmateed.
MMFFMTI t PUTI,
DEAUOM IS
WIND MILLS,
v.
wakaya Mofar,coinWriad,Self
, wire or twina.
Pappa Repairei aa ahart aatiee
i door vest of Hetatz's Dnut Store, 11th
Inst, Columbus. Neb. 17novW-if
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THE WEDDING GASKET.
MARRIAGES AND THE PRESENTS
WHICH ACCOMPANIED THEM.
Oriel " BriaVa Dowry Paj Wod-
dlaca Which Asa Still la V.
Sesaa Parte aCOsrasaay Nalchasihast
ConsaltaUs to Praraat Paatleatlaas.
When men stole their wives without
the formality of considering in the least
the feelings, wishes or preferences ofthe
ladies concerned, there was no thought
of presenting the bride with anything
save the necessary utensils for boose
keeping and the promise of condign pan
ishmentin case they were not properly
and efficiently used. When, however
marriage became a contract, and was'
recognized as such, the consent of the
bride was an important preliminary, and
was generally secured by gifts, some
times jA noiainaJ,. oftaavof real.vilae.
At first these were made toTher fatter,
as .she was regarded as Ids property,
and so she was virtually purchased from
him, the amount of the purchase money
being sometimes fixed after no little
dickering on both sides, the. father ex
alting the value of the girl and declar
ing that there never was such a daugh
ter in the market as his daughter, the
would be husband calling attention 'to
her defects and the high price demanded
for her in comparison with other girls of
her age
As civilization changed the conditions
of life, the married state became much
more expensive; the wife became a drain
on the resources of her husband, and
then began to demand that, instead of
paying for their wives, they should re
ceive some compensation for being will
ing to marry. Thus originated the bride's
dowry, on the principle that as marriage
is a contract and the expenses of a mar
ried man are far greater than those of a
bachelor, the bride should contribute to
the resources of the household. When
neither the bride nor the bride's father
was able to provide her dowry, it was
sometimes raised by contributions from
friends, and the convenience of this
method commended it to more than one
nation at about the same time. In sev
eral country districts of Germany pay
weddings are still in vogue, entertain
ment for man and beast being provided,
and the guests paying, as at a hotel, for
what they had received, the -sums thus
raised constituting a fund for the young
couple. In Illyria, at the conclusion of
the wedding feast, a row of tubs is placed
before the door and into .these the wed
ding guests cast their presents just pre
vious to departure. In Wales the same
result was formerly reached in another
way.
In every Welsh neighborhood, until
almost the middle of the present century,
.there was a functionary known as the
bidder. The duty of this important offi
cial was to give notice "of an approach
ing marriage, which he did by peram
bulating the neighborhood and surround
ing country announcing the festivities,
iuviting everybody to attend, and stating
in pleasant doggerel rhymes the impor
tant people who would be present, the
merits of the groom, the beauty and
graces of the bride, and the abundance
and delicacy of the viands that would be
placed before the'guests. 'He also served
notice on all persons indebted in wed
ding gifts to the groom and bride or to
their parents to pay up at once, the
meaning of which peculiar, dun will be
apparent in the light of the fact that, on
previous occasions, tne parents or tne
pair have contributed to the household
-effects of half the neighborhood; and
naturally desire a return. -
On the day of the wedding the presents
are laid out .in rows on tables, and an
auctioneer, paid for the purpose, attends
and values at a cash rate everything that
has' been presented. Receipts in due
form are givenand in case the gift is
not the payment of a debt similarly in
curred, a return of similar value is ex
pected when a marriage takes place in
the family of the donor. By this plan
the drain on resources of families -for
wedding presents is, in .some measure,
made good by.a return, for among the
Welsh the same kind of article is, if pos
sible, returned when payment is request
ed, so that he who gives a pickle dish
receives a 'pickle dish, and to prevent a
multiplicity of pickle dishes a consulta
tion of neighbors -is generally held, at
which the gifts to be made are deter
mined. Among the wedding presents, how
ever, there is often one which, from its
peculiarity, is observable. It is a gift
from the groom to the bride, and is in
the form of a small box, to contain such
little trinkets as she may have. Once it
was an invariable accompaniment of a
wedding, but, like the bidding and the
bidder, it is now falling into disuse, and
is more rarely seen than even in the
middle of "the present century. But
three or four'hundred years ago the
wedding casket was as important an ac
cessory to the ceremony as the ring. -
During the middle ages there were
among the kings and noblemen of Eu
rope two kinds of marriages the one in
which the wife shared the honor of her
husband and her children inherited his
rank and fortune, if he had any, the
other in which he gave his 'left hand
during the -ceremony; his wife was
merely 'his -legalized companion, her
children could not inherit his.property
and she herself did not take his nam
nor share his rank. The latter marriage
was confirmed the morning after its cel
ebration by a gift the morgengabe
generally of deeds to -property, the doc-,
-amenta -being inclosed in a' small but
valuable box. -
In these days the wedding- casket-was
for thebridegroocA a solssnw reality, for
he was expected not -only to provide the
casket, but also to nil it with the finest,
jewels his soeans could procure. When
this species of .gift was found to be too
much of a tax the jewels were omitted
from the programme, but the box was
retained and presented, usually with k
single piece of money inside, as symbolie
of "all the worldly goods" with which'
the. groom, even to the present. day, is
supposed to endow 'his bride. St. Louis
Globe-Democrat;" -""-' - - :
NEGRO BOYS .ATTACKED BY: BEARS.
TaWta'thl
i" i" .
-Along the abajth
river, in Tuacaloei
of tlw Warrior
V tsttsVaFa
tract f land; some B,a00
which -ia a strange
i tui.';
w w Kftmj ,
little, hillocks, i
aerelpes-MY
swamp, aajteajt aaasase letesv - xtm
urn little pa tchas of forest where Jfce fo-liae-eef
the oak asm molar tremaiamflsaV
u .ur..v'v..L.- .
omeof them
more tnan ttJrfy feet high, and then
comes 1
so dismal that only this most daring
hunters will penetrate it This locality
is the hunters' paradise. In the notches
of forest there are tboueaadsof squir
rels, turkeys, coons, rabbiei and "a few
deer. In the swamp; bear, mink and
other animals are found. The swamp is
covered with a dense growth of cane
brake, and in this black bears are found
in large numbers. They prey on the
young stock of the farmers around the
swamp.
Just below this swamp there are sev
eral large plantations cultivated entirely
by negro labor. Living in little cabins,
many of them very dose to the swamps
or forest, there are probably 900 families
of negroes. The little children of these
negroes have no fear of the dark cane
brake swamps or the dease forest; as a
result they often get lost. Several times
children have been lost ia the swamp tot
afey aadaia4rtsletime.H i a ' i ,
4 Oae ey last-wesk-the two! boys .of
Perry Taylor, colored, aged 4 and 6, left
home early one mornings aad wandered
off into the forest They were not missed
until noon, and then their parents felt
no uneasiness about them. Night came
oa and still the two boys had not re
turned. Taylorandaaiwifewerealarm
ed. but they could do nothing until
morning. Next day they organised a
searching party and penetrated the
swamp and forest There were' some
fifty people ia the searching party, and
they covered several miles of the swamp
and forest without finding any trace of
the missing children. The second day
the search was continued, aad probably
SOO negroes joined the . searching party.
At about noon of the third day five
negroes, who bad penetrated a mile
farther into rhecanebrake than the main
searching party, found the dead body of
the oldest boy. He bad evidently been
killed by a bear, and his flesh and cloth
ing were badly torn. The main search
ing party came up and began to search
for the youngest boy. A few hundred
yards from the spot where the body of
the oldest boy was found the party ran
into a bears' den. There were one male
and two female bears aad five cubs. The
old bears showed fight and were shot
dead, several of the negroes being armed.
At the sound of the shooting the five
cubs had huddled close together under
the upturned roots of a fallen tree. They
were dragged out, and there, half
smothered by the young bears, was the
4-year-old negro boy. There was not a
scratch on the boy's body, but he was
almost starved and was very weak.
The child said they got lost in the
woods and kept walking until they were
tired, and then lay down and went to
sleep. He was awakened by heariig his
brother scream, and, looking up, saw
him in the clutches of a bear. The lit
tle fellow was too badly frightened to
run or make an outcry. He lay still and
saw his brother torn to pieces. Then the
bear turned to him. He screamed and
closed his eyes, expecting to be killed.
The bear put its nose in his face, and,
after' snaelUng him a while, .caught his
clothing in" its teeth and started away
with him. The bear carried him to the
den and dropped him among the young
cubs, where he remained until found by
the searching party. Neither the old or
young'beara made any effort to hurt the
child. Birmingham (Ala.) Letter.
BlgS Thaa a Fish Hawk.
Mahlon D. Turk, of Oley, six miles
from this city, is the owner of five large
fish dams. Of late he has been greatly
troubled by the depredations of fish
hawks, which have, made frequent de
scents upon his fish preserves, where
swim some S.OOO or 4,000 German carp of
various'sizes. The other day, intending
to abate the nuisance somewhat if possi
ble,' he took down his shotgun, and with
a supply of buckshot secreted himself in
the bushes beside one' of the dams. Pres
ently an enormous bird soared overhead, .
and after circling around slowly three
times made a rapid descent into the
pond. Just as It emerged from the water
with a fish in its talons Mr. Turk let
drive at it with a load of buckshot and
killed it instantly. Instead of being a
fish hawk, as be supposed, it proved to
be a bald eagle, and meaeured 6 feet C
inches from tip to tip of its wings.
Beading Cor. New York Sun.
. In the "Autocrat of the Breakfast
Table," O. W.HoImea shows that ia "the
person named John," there were, for all
practical purposes, two distinct entities,
"Joan as he thinks himself ," and "John
as we regard him,'' outside of the third
problematic individual, "John as "he
actually is." A singular counterpart to
this idea occurs in the use of the phono
graph. It is 'found that few persons, if
any, know the sound of tbeii own voice.
When several personsin soccessiost have
spoken in the machine, each may recog
nise in reproduction the voice of a friend
or acquaintance, bat does not identify
.his own, which often sounds to him
harsh; unnatural and "uncanny." New
York Telegram.
DaaMsaL.
I have a' theory about heat which I
learned as a boy down south. It is this:
Aporaaacah' always stand the climate
of the month he was bora ia better than
aByotaer. I was bora mJaly, aad you
cant make it too warm for me. Bat
when it gets real cold I want to stop
in' doom. I have noticed that men
who were born in winter laugh at the
froaV bat groan when the eon begins to
scorch them. . And men. who are bora
m spring or autumn always seem to bear
extremes of weather of aj) kinds With
only a medium amount of suffering.
Just watch this awhile and you'll find it
often comes tree. Interview in St
Lotus Gktbe-Demoerat
"A writer .ia The'Buemess Women's
Jain sal advocates a dress wish seven
pockets for tmsieiss women. That will
not do at alL ; Think of a mam attempt
lag to id his wife's thimble ia a dress
Win such in-
that the lunatic asy
lums are OTercrowefeeWCbkago News.
4 gar gas jCjaaaiiaiailia.
desr.'said a dying husband, "do
you think you will amrrV again when I
--- .
"I don't know, Joha,-repHed the lady
with a karat of tears, "I havea't given
tlie matter. rery mach.tbeeatasTCt''-
tfXka
Iagat ef 'Aem;?''laM.-aesa
ltsambjtjsbah
BURYING OF THE DEAD.
CHANGES IN FUNERAL CUSTOMS
DICTATED BY GOOD SENSE.
Urn Uiaaar EisKtadto Attoa
ScrvlcM, Nor Mm to fltaaa with
Band Hoads by tha Orave No baas
rrarssslna of CarrlasM
The undertakers of this city announce
that funerals are no longer what they
used to be. Women are no longer ex
pected to attend them, and with some
exceptions they don't The statement of i
this fact was brought about through the !
publication in a Philadelphia newspaper j
of a number of interviews with under-j
takers in that city. In a recently pub- j
lished death notice of a woman in Phila- I
delphia this sentence was embodied:
"Male members of the family only are j
invifeul tn ttAnd." Thia notice waa nob i
llsls accordance with the wishes of
-thedeaff woman. She had been of a
practical and sensible turn of mind. Her
object was to prevent the attendance at
her funeral of women who might, if it
were bad weather, contract disease of a .
serious nature.
IX PHILADELPHIA.
Until very recently numerously at
tended funerals had been very common
in Philadelphia. Scores of carriages fol
lowed the deceased man or woman to.the
grave, and men and women stood around
on the damp ground in all kinds, of
weather while the coffin was lowered
into its last resting place. Philadelphia
is gradually awakening to the fact that
this sort of tiling is dangerous. Strange
to say, it appears to be due to the under
takers of that city that these changes are
being made. Evidently they are not so
calculating and selfish as various writers j
of fiction have portrayed them. The
more carriages there are at a funeral the
bigger the undertaker's bill is, yet the
Philadelphia members of the profession
seem to view this fact with indifference.
Said Mr. R. R. Bringhurst, one of the
most prominent of these gentlemen:
"The custom in vogue here of a large
concourse of friends and relatives at
tending funerals is a very foolish one.
Male members of the family only should
accompany the hearse to the burial
ground, and I am glad to see that this
plan, is being adopted by several fam
ilies of this city. Ladies should not be
taken to the burial ground, for more
than one reason, either in good or bad
weather. It subjects them to a great
nervous strain to see the body of some
member of their family or some relative j
lowered into the ground, and time and i
time again I liave seen ladies faint from
this excitement.
"Sometimes there is a hitch in the
dropping of the coffin, so that considera
ble difficulty is occasioned in getting it j
scraignienea out. awiuhih vi mis na
ture are very prolific of nervous pros
tration, and women should not be sub
jected to them.
"It is a striking fact that half of our
funerals take place on stormy days, when
it is positively dangerous for any man,
not to mention ladies, to stand for a
long time on the wet ground until the
interment is finished. This city is, how
ever, getting to be somewhat enlighten
ed on the subject of funerals. A few
years ago there were forty or fifty car
riages to every funeral, but now this
number is reduced to about eight. Of
course, the more people attend funerals
the better it is for the undertaker. His
business is advertised, and he comes in
for the burial of those who are taken
sick and die because of the exposure at
the burial ground. But we undertakers
have sympathetic souls like other classes
of humanity, and I for one advise all my
patrons to have the funeral ceremony at
the house, and then let only a few gen
tlemen of the family accompany the
body to the cemetery."
Undertaker J. R Knowles expressed
the same sentiments and added:
"The exclusion of ladies and friends
at funerals is an admirable policy to
adopt. This city is just awakening to
the fact that a big funeral is a big folly.
As a rule every large funeral is the
cause of the death of at least one person
who attends it."
New York adopted the new custom
some time since. Save in the case of
men of great official prominence, few
funerals, with the exception of those of
foreigners and persons of the poorer
class, who accept innovations in such
matters slowly, are largely attended,
even by men. Nowadays there are rare
ly more than three or four carriages at
the funeral of a person of good social
rank, and five seems to be the maxi
mum. The more fashionable the fam
ily the simpler the arrangements are.
At a large proportion of such funerals
that have taken place lately there have
been only one or two carriages besides
the hearse. Undertaker Edward M. Se
nior said yesterday:
"At three-quarters of the funerals I
have had in charge lately, no women
have been present. As a rule they do
not even sit in the same room with the
body of the dead. The body is usually
placed in the parlor, and some male rel
ative remains there to receive visitors
and do whatever is needed, while the
women stay upstairs. They may come
down to be present at services in the
house, but they rarely follow the body
to the grave. Even when they do this,
they do not leave their carriages."
It is 'not uncommon now for persons
to provide minutely for their burials in
their wills, and many prudent ones ex
pressly request that no woman be al
lowed to follow their bodies. When the
late actor, Chanfrau, died, the funeral
at Long Branch was largely attended.
The pill bearers were all old men, and
they dropped one end of the coffin in
going put of the house. The widow
fainted at the sight, and a painful scene
was the result The new rule is to have
the coffin carried by hired assistants,
while the pall bearers walk on either
side. New York Sun.
eWaaa
- afoot asen, especially in tha newspaper
jaoasion.aavea high enough apprecia
tijm.of their value aad ability. There is
a Scotchman, however, who is conscious
that he does not i possess ia a marked de
gree all the'essentials for perfect jour
nalism. His name is Jdhi Saunders and
he publishes a paper down in the coun
try for the especial edification of a colo
ny of his own countrymen. He came to
the city not -long ago aad at pace went
to oae of the newspaper offices to see
the editor. In broad Scotch dialect he
"Yell sea by ma card thet I am, like
JsweL a newspaper moo. I aa come
taesatroncMsvevalaieaBoB. I ha
aeticea m tae pepers that tt ha come to
he the fashion to .write jokey articles,
id 1 wad like to kea if I ma hire a moa
tado thet for mesel."
The Scotchman was told he could hire
some one for that clam of work, but that
such men came high. A good man, he
was told, for that class of work was
worth $40 or $50 per week.
"Oh, dear, dear, so muckle as thet?
Well, I must ha ane for a the price. Can
ye tell whaur I'll be finding sic a mon?"
"Yes, 1 think I can find you one," said
the city man: "but why don't you write
it yourself?"
"Well, I'll tell ye, Ye see, lean do
well enou on items o' news or commer
cial articles, but 1 mun my thet I joke
wi difficulty. VOhicago Herald.
"Fralt aa Medielao.
Grapes come first, especially black
grapes, which are most nutritious, and
at the same time purifying to the blood.
Grape cures are quite the fashion in
Jsme .parts of the continent, and are
said to work miracles at titnes.' Peaches
also are most hygienic to the human sys
tem, as well as being one of the most ex
quisite fruits in nature. Nothing indeed
is more palatable, wholesome and medi
cinal tlian a good ripe peach. Peaches,
however, should not be eaten overripe.
They may be eaten at meals or between
meals; they are particularly hygienic
when eaten at breakfast An orange
eaten before breakfast will, it is said,
cure dyspepsia sooner than anything
else. Apples are also very hygienic, es
pecially when baked or stowed. They
are excellent in many cases pf illness,
and are far better than salts, oils and
pills. The juice of oranges, as of lemons,
is most valuable to make drinks in case
of fever. Tomatoes are. also excellent
remedies in some liver and gastric com
plaints, and are certainly more pleasant
than medicines. Figs, raspberries, straw
berries, currants and cherries are U
cooling and purifying to the system,
while being nutritious at the same time.
Once a Week.
Staadlast tore.
Thomas Blackball fell over head and
ears in love wi' bonnie Jenny Wilson,
the kindest and the bravest lass in a' the
parish. They were in the habit o' walk
ing o' nights in the plantation by the
banks o the Dye a burn that winds its
way through the hills o' Lammermoor.
One evening, Will Smeaton, a tailor by
occupation, was in the plantation and
he overheard the following conversa
tion: "O, Jenny," quo' Tarn, "I do lo'e ye
steadfast, there's nae power on earth
could knock your image; out o" ma heart.
It is rooted there in storm and sunshine,
in wind and in rain."
"Hout," cried Jenny, "I'm no sae sure
o that; the love o' man is as changeable
as the wind it is even like the butter
Hy that flits frae ae flower to the ither.
I wadna believe some men as far as I
could fling them."
"What!" cried Tarn, "for goodness
sake, Jenny, dinna misdpot me. I'll
lo'e ye, Jenny, my ain. dear, as lang as
there's fur on the back o'a rabbit or
hair on the back o' a horse." Exchange.
Ia tha Caaeasas.
Riding out one day, Mr. Wardrop
passed a wine shop where three or four
Georgians were making merry. They
pressed him at once to join them; he de
clined; but as he returned from bis ex
cursion they came out, hat in hand, and
presented him with a goblet, which he
could not refuse. "When a Georgian is
merry," he says, "everybody else must
share his jollity or he is unhappy." H
adds, by way of further illustration: "I
have seen a squire unnecessarily leave a
scene of revelry for a minute or two in
order to heap up food in his horse'
manger, so that the faithful beast might
share the universal joy." Wine drink
ing, idleness, and what they call munifi
cence have not been salutary, and per
haps the Nobles' bank, the literature and
the journals may help to modify these
excesses of virtue. In any case a little
more attention is paid to crops, and it
seems to be not impossible that, in time,
Georgian wine and tobacco may furnish
paying exports. London Spectator. .
Craektaa Caha.
The startling discovery has been made
that Cuba is cracking. Numerous fis
sures have suddenly appeared in the
earth near Matanzas. Some of them are
600 feet long, twenty-four feet wide and
twenty feet deep. These disturbances
are no doubt a continuation of those not
long ago felt on the south Atlantic coast.
Scientists find that the earth's crust
thickens from the sea inland, and that
therefore the inland pressure is towards
the nearest coast line. The crust there
and in the ocean beyond being thinner,
is more sensitive to central disturbances
than are other portions of the earth's
surface. The cracking of the earth in
Cubs, therefore, may be no more than a
continuation of that sliding of the inner
crust seaward which manifested itself
so forcibly at Charleston several years
ago. Boston Budget
Oa Their Heads.
In Franoe, when a patient is under
chloroform, on the slightest symptom
appearing of failure of the heart, they
turn him nearly upside down, that
is, with his head downward aud bis
heels in the air. This, they say, always
restores him; and such is their faith in
the efficacy of this method, that the op
erating tables in the Paris hospitals are
made so that in au instant they can be
elevated with one end in the air. so as
to bring the paticut into a position re
sembling that of standing on ItU head.
Boston True Flag
raatttva
An acbins void A dads
The affection which aaaaathvimis
a niece or aapeew is a kiad of antidote.
"Waatoaajr taaatadaateriai,
Trillin a fisaash il asBMiiml
Iftaaotwoemaaaof thoayat
FortseaMaataaarbask'jnrtr
Ayoaagladyasaisd J&y oaWsit a leek of
her hair toaimtlaasa whom offer of
riage she had dacuead. Be rvpfead.
grsat bittorasss, mat the lock womld ba ma
tes, to aim without the a. TjsfctttfVss
Frest.
The discussion
the
cream of leprosy ia the east
etaorityeedareait to Bebeyeal
tasreajKoraaos
ays that it costaa from matacwaea ia a
state of paiapiratina; a
ftaraaght;
aarthtbatit
like smallnox or
accepts the smtimmt of the Jewead assarts
ft belief iattebstags faadaTaasmt for Ha.
CLAY THEIR DAILY FOOD.
SUCH IS THE DIET OF A CURIOUS
SET OF PEOPLE IN ALABAMA.
A Peculiar CoaiaUsUa Saoaalcly tha
Oaly Bad ESJaat Bow tha Clay Baton
Llva aad Gat Thotr Dally Clay Oao of
Thoas latarvlowod to Uttto Paryass.
"Those people areclay eaters."
The people referred to were a group of
men and women of various ages who
had gathered at a country store in Win
ston county, Ala., to barter a few eggs
and cldckens for coffee and tobacco.
They were poorly clad, men and womea
were barefooted, and three children in
the party were also bareheaded. Their
faces were pale and haggard, and ia their
eyes was a dull, hopeless look, showing
that tliey were not only densely igaor-
Lant but without ambition to better their
conditioa tn any way. The storekeeper,
after attending to the wants of these
strange customers, informed the writer
that they belonged to. the poorest class
of mountaineers who inhabited that sec
tion, and that white clay was a part, of
their regular diet -
The writer spent several days in Win
ston county recently and visited the
homes of a number of these people who
eat clay as a part of their daily food.
They live in small log cabins of the rud
est kind, and eke out a miserable exist
ence by farming, hunting and fishing.
Their farms, or patches as they .call
them, are small clearings around their
cabins, aud are never more thaa a few
acres in extent Their crops consist of
corn, peas, potatoes, and a few who are
fortunate enough to own a horse attempt
to raise a little cotton. The land is very
poor, and as the crops receive little work
the yield is always very poor. Men,
women and children are slaves to the
tobacco habit. The women chew and
smoke, and most of them also use snuff
when tliey can obtain it
THE ABODE OF A CLAY KATEK.
The interior of the cabin of a clay eat
er ir rude in the extreme. The cabin is
usually built of small pine logs, from
which the bark is sometimes removed.
There are no windows and usually only
one door. There are no pictures on the
walls, no ornaments of any kind and
often no furniture worthy of the name.
If there are bedsteads they are of the
crudest kind, made by the head of the
( family with no other tools than a saw
and an ax. Usually the cabin is too
small for bedsteads if the family is large,
and tliey sleep on quilts' and mattresses
spread on the floor. The entire family,
often ten or more persons, eat and sleep
in one small room. The cooking is done
in the one fireplace, the. utensils consist
ing of a frying pan, a kettle, an oven
and possibly a few pots. Cooking stoves,
sewing machinesandall modern conven
iences are unknown.
I The clay eaten by these people is found
along the banks of the small mountain
streams in inexhaustible quantities. It is
. of a dirty white color usually; sometimes
a pale yellow. It has a peculiarly oily
appearance, and this oil keeps it from
sticking to the hands or mouth. When
' dry it does not crumble, and a few drops
of water will easily soften it until it can be
rolled into any shape desired. It is almost
without taste, but must possess some
nourishment, as these people declare they
can subsist upon it for days. They place
a small piece in the mouth and hold it
there until It gradually dissolves, and is
swallowed in small quantities at a time.
The quantity eaten at one time varies
from a lump as large as a pea for the
child or beginner to a lump as large as
a hen's egg for those who have eaten it
for years.
A CLAY EATER INTERVIEWED.
i "How did you learn to eat clay?" I
asked of a man whose face was almost
the color of the stuff he was eating.
! "Dunno," he answered. "I seen pap
and t'others eatin it, an I got at it."
"Does the habit grow until you acquire
a taste for the stuff?"
"Huhr
"Can you quit eating clay?'' "
"Dunno; never tried."
"Has the stuff a pleasaut taste?'
"If 'twant good I wouldn't be eatin it,"
and the native drew a second lump from
his pocket and began to eat it with a
relish.
The only bad effect of clay eating seems
to be the peculiar appearance it gives the
skin of those who become addicted to tlie
habit The skin turns pale, so pale, in
fact, as to give the face the pallor of
death, and then, later on, it turns a pe
culiar, pale yellow, a color closely re
sembling some of the clay eaten. Chil
dren who become mtdicted to the habit
grow old, at least in appearance, prema
turely, and their faces lose forever the
bright glow of youth and health. There
is little sickness among the clay eaters,
and (hey lira as long as the average of
mankind, so it is conclusive that the
habit is not fatal in its effects.
It may or may not be the result of clay
eating, but these people are as supersti
tious as tlie black followers of a voodoo.
Tliey have signs for everything and. al
most worship the moon. Corn is planted
when tlie moon is full and potatoes are
planted in the dark of the moon. Tliey
will not start on a journey or begin a job
unless the moon Is right, and they fore
tell storms and all kinds of disasters by
the appearance of the moon. If one end
of a new moon is lower than the other it
will rain before the moon changes again,
say tlie clay eaters, but if tho moon is
level there will be no rain until another
change occurs. Macon (Ga.) Telegraph.
of Usalaay.
Within recent years there seams to
have been infused into almost every do
main of physical science a .fresh life.
Through gradually acquired generalisa
tions higher points of 'view have been
reached; old. notions have been discarded,
for newer and. broader ones. Professor
Langley tells us of the "new astron
omy;" tha doctrine of the conservatfoa
of energy has gfven us a new physics:
evolution, a new biology; and the study
of carbon compounds, a new chemistry.
So, too, thsvapplicatioa of the microscope
to the study of rocks has given us a new
geology. -
Thereceat development ia the science
of the earth consists of the return to the
work begun by its earliest pioneereC The
old petrographera were right If we
would know the life history of our planet
we mast learn the origin, structural re
lations aad composition oi Our rooks.
We mast discover thsfiaisal lasHiinl
aad ahysioaV-wMoh work la aad epoa
fhsm.andwemnst see how they work.
As have already said, tha eariy geolcr
fiets had fall faith ia the imports of
their labors, but thnf wsje faros to
ay a tack of
appUsaros suitable to cope with tha dig
cutties presented. Today thw importance
ia not diminished, but rather increased,
by what has been accomplished along
other lines. If we can renew the attack
upon the old question with improved
weapons, the rewards of victory are as
promising aa ever. It is believed that
such weapons are now ia our heads, aad
the hope of success -is almost daily at
tractiag fresh aad earnest workers to
the ranks from every land. Professor
George H. Williams in Popular Science
Monthly. -
Orieatal Jastios.
Dr. Heary M. Scudder relates a case
of Oriental justice that could hardly be
outdone for sharp and subtle discriai
inationa. Four men, partners ia busi
ness, bought some cotton bales. That
the rats might not destroy the cotton,
they put chased a cat. They agreed that
each of the four should own a particular
leg of the cat: and each adorned with
beads and other oraameate the leg thus
apportioned to hint. The cat, by an ac
cident, injured one of its legs. The own
er of that member wound about it a rag
soaked ia oiL Tlie cat, going too near
tlie fire, set the rag on fire, and. being in
great pain, rushed in among the cotton
bales where she was accustomed to hunt
rats.
The cotton thereby took fire and was
burned up. It was. a total toss. The
three other, partaers brought aa action
to recover the value of the cotton against
the fourth partner who owned tlie par
ticular leg of the cat The judge ex
amined the case and decided thus: "The
leg that had the oil rag on it was hart;
tha cat could aot use that leg ia fact, it
held up that leg and ran with the other
three legs. The three unhurt legs there
fore carried tlie fire to the cotton, aad
are alone culpable. The injured leg is
not to be blamed. The three partners
who owned the three legs with which
the cat ran to the cotton will pay the
whole value of the bales to the partner
who was the proprietor of tha injured
leg." Once a Week.
Now Blhhoaa.
New ribbons are, I think, lovelier than
ever before. They are rich and beauti
ful in coloring and the materials are
superb. Velvet faced ribbons with satin
backs, and satin ribbons with velvet
flowers in high relief are the most
costly. Gros grains with picot edges,
satins with picot, gros grain with satin
face are also seen, and moire, both plain
and with satin edges, is shown. The
armure styles are less often seen thaa
last season, although they will still be
used, particularly for children's sashes.
The Fair and Square ribbons are the best
ribbons made, without doubt, aud they
liave the advantage of being washable.
They are of American manufacture, and
the best costs, therefore, no more than
tlie poor foreign qualities. Fashion Let
ter. Oao Uoatioaaaa.
When Benjamiu Franklin went to Eag
laad, it is said that ha took with him a negru
servant, who was much Interested ia tha in
dustrious habits of the peoplo of the country.
At Bath be even saw the dogs at work turn
lag the kpita,
"Ah," he said, "everything work, niasea,
in dis country! Water work, wind work,
fire work, smoke work, do; work, man
work, ox work, horse work, donkey work.
Bverythiag work but one thing; only one
geatleraaBhi England."
"And who is the gentleman, Samlo" his
waster asked.
"Da pig, massa. He eat, ha drink, he
leap be do nothing all day. He be de only
gentleman iu England 1" Youth's Compan
ion. Tha Maaraltaa Shawl.
About forty years ago it was the rage for
awa to wear shawls. The shawl superseded
the overcoat ahnost entirely. Ail sorts and
of Rasa walked the streets enveloped
.wis. TalL leak awa looked Ilka bean
poles oa which horse blankets bad beta bung
to dry, aad short, 'fat men rewmbled bales of
isarchandlsa roBmg along tha sidewalk. The
fashion ww aot eoaftned to the city, by aay
aasaaa. It Invaded tha country, aad the boy
going to school aad the hired aMabauliag
saw logs sported the uaivenal shawl. But it
west out of faaMoB again ahnost asaaddealj
as it caaseia, though it lingered several sea
sons, with some old fashioned mm, who are
low ia taking up a new style and slower
still in letting it ga Term Sifting,
Dialect G
rd rather live la say own boughtea boga
head thaa ia another person's four story maa-
SMU.
When you're tied up to a aura for batter or
worm it's a sight more easy to get along
whsaita for better.
Tie queer to call saeufolks the strongest
sect, when they're former aa' always holding
aatososMwoBMM the fast minute trouble
teches'em.
1 mesa to take sa lat'reetin my feller crit
ters, sewne of 'em, UwtU; but I doatwaat to
poke my aoae through the crack of a door be
fore Hb opened. Rom Terry Cooke in Stead-
feM
Takwhcwsaatterof steam beatiag isttill
aa a soiasisat crude state,-and it doss not
seam desirable to force it by kialasioa. It
has been ilesMtartrated that It is the cheapest
way gf baattag trains, and the most easily
legahrted; aad It aa become a Rood adver
maaaaat to attract pasroKers. Consequently,
the whole subject maybe safely left In the
hands of the railroad companies, and allowed
to develop itself naturally la a btaaaeas way.
There ia aot yet aay system of coatjaaous
hasting so perfected that a railroad caaapaay
ooala, without hardship, be compelled to
adopt it for all its paaanger equipment. H.
O. Front m Scribasr.
The rteheeaaaa aa4 tha Saeker.
AFtaharmas was making loud and bitter
cosaplalatsm he reeled Up his Line after aa
all day's Flm,waea a Sucker arose to the
mrfaee af the Water end Inquired:
"Prithee, aaaa, hat why this Uiaeeta
tioaP "It kBeeaam of my ill luck. I bare aot
cssajhtashajlel-lsa."
"Ah, yea; bat that islhe very Reason why
we are now Rejoicing. Your Luck must
have bam our Loss."
Moral When lawyers are without clients a
eemamaity may congratulate itself. Detroit
Free Press.
A Baeheler CatQ ate Waa 108.
The grandfather of Mr. Walk, now
slviag aear Athens, never married till
ais lOtd year. His wife was just 20.
They lived happily together. "It waa
no UBUsual sight," says The Athens
Chronicle, "to see the old man, at tlie
age of 130, plowing in the field. But he
was taken sick when in his 138th year
aad lived but a few months." Atlanta
Constitution.
A well of Water on a farm near Ilar-
lyville, Chester county, Pa., suddenly
"fell out" while the farmer's wife was
drawing water a few days ago. Then
the walla of the well abruptly collapsed.
It Is suspected that aa underground lake
as river drew away the water.
First NitiualBttk
la the State at
at the close af beei-
tMUexi
S.MBGS
H,SBS
ten st
lKJJCSM
st as
tastes
Ml.
nsw
MM
vnn
tSDN
raw
iiwdaadi
U.U.Boadetoi
Other stocks. I
ueerrasai
Dae from!
Real Eatati. FeraUem aad Sistawe.
raneat expenses and taxes paid....
Checks aad other rash items
mile or otaer hanks ....
xueaeio aats ceats ..... ..
Specie.
Laael tender aotve
Kethaai
Btkta fund with U. aV Tfssr-
er ji per cent, of circalartoa)
A saaag v
UAMUT1M.
aaapBweU aASFK gEHHaj, la.i,,,,,,.
.$ as,tem
UHamHeafMsa pkTOaifm.
Watinaal Bsalr antra
SJBSett
isjmm
SMZsM
7S.SMW
Misieas
SHmaa Kphj4H flBBsjajBgaa, aHssnkfCfl f4B ,
Deawad eertiicatse of deposit.
Notes aad hill reieroaated ..
Total 23e3St
MaxcToaa.
A.ANDKHflON.pNet
J. H. GALLEY. Vice FWt
u. T. hukn. Cashier.
n iNncBflnv
jacob owaafcN, axEriuoAtz.
P.AmmaYJM.
JOHBiJ. SCLLIYil
441AII.
Aatm.'Mtt
8sintMMiM.
T a. KlftJAPJ,
' DEVTCHER ADYOKAT,
NMeeaer Cohuabea grata Baak. CalaaUwa.
QlJaJLITAIi
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
OBVe over first National
Nebraska.
T4MB EUHmKX
COVXTY SUkVKYOR.
tar-Varties dsatriaa earveriag deaa eaa aa.
LCI
CO. SUP'T PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
. JjlLif mjr 2 il Court Hoeee. the
third Hstanfev nf ak .. Z ... - - ""
tioa of appHcaau for forWra' eertMeatea. aad
i7 " --- -. ...i. Mmwi i
I-.1H1
UN,
DRAY and EXPRESSMAN.
Idcht aad heavy haaliair. ttoods haadled with
ran.
Telephone. 33 aad it
tssrsssir J- """"ir-
uui)8Stf
FAUBLK A BKADHHAW.
(.S'tu-rfaion. FtiHbte f Btuhell),
BRICK MAKERS !
Contractors ami IhuI.Wh will Sad our
brirk not-clam anil offctvd at mesnaalils rates.
We are abto prepared it. do all kinds of brick
wofk- ISaaaiSm
Jf K. TUSJIER at CO
Proprietor and 1'iiltlixhersof the
C0X.B1BB3 JOttEAI. ui tks 8X1. f AttttT JWUfAi.
Both. iMiMt-paid toanvaildmie. for Ei.ee a year -ymr?
'" nAnmr' Ko,,L JOB"", SLW V
W. A. MuALLlSTKIL w. M. COKNKU I H
M
cai.i.im r:R a can:aaiiM
ATTORNEYS AT LAW
Columbus, Kb.
tWnThn,;,reeJr,0,"r V
JOHN O. HlOClNrt.
C. J.CiAKLOW.
HIGGTHf GAJtLOW.
ATTORNEYS-ATLAW,
Specialty meile of CoUectioaa by C J. Harlow.
RCBOYD, ,
K.Ncr.crcaaa or
Til aid Skerl-Irww Ware!
JalvWark,
!-.
iaca
MaaThi'rfeestreer' "V"
Cmab. r. KArr.
! K. Ktrr
Contractus ail Biiliirs.
seteefnraislted oa brick aad stoae'work
2S'tiS2rS32ifP- .WalteatioaTveBto
lyE-gyflg ."l'1 . hri work to repre-
Ziatayly KNAW hKOK.
Colamhae,Nob.
A STRAY LEAF!
A
DIARY.
T1IK
JOURNAL OFFICE
. roa
CARDH.
ENVELOPES.
NOTE HEADS,
BILL HEADS.
CIRCULARS,
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roa
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The Jocbkai. ia acknowledged to be tha beet
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awricaa Maasana is tl oaly high-ehae asset a-
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V maaasiBe devoted -atirely to Aaserieaa Litera
tare. Americas Thotutht'aad rYasrcaa, aad is
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tions. It is as aoutl mm aay of the older asaaa
Ju'aes. furBuUfts- iu a yrer over tat passe of the
rboicrvt Iiteratntn written by the ablest Aarri
can authors. It i breatifallr illtasted, aad ia
ncii wit efcaranascoatiaacd aad sheet stories.
No more apnrouriate ixesrat eaa ha
thaa a year's sahsrriptioa to The Ameri-
Jt will be esDialW hrilliaat ihuia k ...
18NB. --
The price of Jouaxst. ie 2., and The AmerU
amMaauiaeiesaJKX WeiSerbeta Us JEST
maTOfBH rVMHmvajBjBjBMBBs
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