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VOL. XX.-NO.-24.
COLUMBUS, NER, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 2, 1889.
WHOLE NO. 1,012.
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COLltMBUS
STATE BANK.
COLUMBUS, NEB. -
Cftsh Capital - $100,000.
I Tiff 6HUUSD, PntF -4 -3
JCH. W. HDLBT. Vica Pra't.
JUL108 A. BEED.
B. H. HENRY.
J. E. TA3KER, Cashier.
br
ftU iamtn.
Psy laterMt Time
-ill
CmOBULBM
OF-
COLUMBUS, NEB.,
-HAS AN-
Aatkorized Capital ofMMKH)
PaM i Capital - !MMM
OFFICERS:
C. H. SHELDON. Pres't.
H. PH. OHLRICH, Vice Prea.
a A. NEWMAN, Outhier.
. DANIEL SCHRAM, Am't Cash.
STOCKHOLDERS:
C. H. SbridoB. J. P. Becker, .
Uermaa P. JLOehlrich, CmtI Binkr.
Juum Wrfch, W. A. McAlliHtor.
J. Htmrr Wcrdmaan, H. M. Winalow,
Gram W. Galle-. S. C. Grvjr.
Fraak Botpt, Arnold F. H. Oehlnch.
SW Bask of deposit; interest allowed on time
dtnMiit8; boy and ttell exchanire on United Statos
and Europe, and bar and sell available Hecurities.
. We aball be pleased to receive yonr baHinese. We
oUcit joar patroBaRC 2Bdec87
FOBTHE
WESTERN GOnAGE ORGAN
CALL OS
A. & M.TURNER
r d. W. KIBLEB,
TrBTcHiK ivJeaaua.
taTTkaaa miaiis are first class in every par
tiealar, sad so Aaara&teed.
SCUFrWn PUTI,
DCALXSSCI
WIND MILLS,
MWBTy COBnNnBMy 5WIT
' BfBrB Ww iWIBw.
lf air4 ihrt aatiee
of Heintz's Drajr Store. 11th
Mee. -naovavtf
FITS!
:
SIXSSBTAKSB !
9M OOLDMaamV
m4 Bxchsace.
I CURE
Bin -a lSAJf AKADICAL CCSX.
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aBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB' ''iTaBVfsBBBBBBBBBBBv
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Emn.
terorertks)
Krta.T
God's
aa VeaoH, who roas freei taaaaaa
of aU beauty and heir to devotloa.
Xlr aame, as the name of sweat Lava, is a asaasi
Where'er thermay be. thy cfaUorea breathe fas
To bear of thy crhuaph or worol disaster.
No foster lands weaa thy levers from Msea.
No home of adeptioa caa dear to these be
As thou art, the baaatiful child of aw!
I loe thee. I love thsa, lair land of jbj latmm. "
Gmeeeat aad loveliest isle of the earth.
Erta. say ceausry. far orer the sea,
Erh loved Krte.Gorsbkiaicoa the! "
CitRhla ma chree. cuahla ma chreet' ' '
-Susie M. Best In Boston Transcript.
LUKE JUDKIN'S EM
"Toaghr He's all made o' whip cord, I tell
ye. Laktt O' course bell last. Aint be
over 'JO a'readyf Smart' Sea 'm out there
now a-playiu' croky he an' Henery Green!
Henery in a babe as compared with Luke, an'
Heuery is over 7X. Tell never opea the new
cem'terr- with- sssaarftMl jw. " IMsrawTwaF
waitin'." , ', "
,. The luidertakar moved, a quid oL tobacco
slowly from one side of his long lantern jaw
to the other as he replied, dubiously: "The
new cimetery folks say that the folks to Ease
Village ain't respondin as they bed ought to
the new enterprise."
"Waal, they hednt ought to callate oa old
Luke, anyhow."
The speakers sat on the steps of Enoch
Johnson's store in East Village, and looked
across the green to where two old mem ware
playing croquet a game not yet extinct in
the mountain farming districts of Vermont.
Pretty soon a quarrel seemed to spring up
between the players; loud words rang oat
under the elms; then came a fierce inter
change of blows. The undertaker and Enoch
Johnson stood up on the store steps to watch
the contest at better advantage, Presently
Enoch said, as if apostrophizing: "Thet Luke
Judkin's the consarnedest, cussedest, peskiest
old critter! Henery is hurted, and here comes
Luke with a broken mallet. Shouldn't won
der ef he'd say Henery was all to blame.
Spry? Aintbespryl D'ye ever bear about
bis dog? He's cuter than old Luke himself.
Here the old reskill comes. HTo, LukeP
"Hlo, Enoch! How's folksr
Luke Judkin briskly walked up to the store,
holding the parts or a broken mallet handle
in his hands. He was the picture of that
agile, athletic old age which so often obtains
at the present day among the "hill farms" in
Vermont. His nose and chin betrayed a
ludicrous intimacy. His back was bent with
the weight of years. His bands had grown
into long, unsightly claws. The day was hot
and it was midday, but the son at 110 de
grees only sufficed to pleasantly warm the
bald head of the old man, whose sharp-little
eyes in their cavernous sockets gleamed
up at the storekeeper in keen recognition.
"Been a-playin crokyr answered Enoch,
not replying according to East Village .eti
quette to the old man's inquiry concerning
his "folks."
"Yes; beat Henery Green three games
runnin'," said Luke. "Would 'a beat a
fourth only Henery be said I cheated.
Tw'an't no sich a thing 1" and his eyes blink
ed savagely, like the eyeballs of an antiquat
ed parrot. "I didn't cheat no more 'n' no
less t"i he did."
"Come to blows, ehf"
"Yas. TwaVt nothin'. Stack our mal
lets together a leetle. Say, Enoch, measure
me out a cent's worth o' glue Henery broke
my handle."
"I'd like to see that cent," drawled Enoch,
slowly rising and meandering within his store
for the glue.
Lake took a seat on the steps, near the un
dertaker, and proceeded to wipe his perspir
ing face with his shirt sk-eve. The under
taker looked him over professionally a mo
ment; then said, musingly, "Luke,- what is
your measure i Five foot seven au' a barf
or five eight on' a harf f He put the ques
tion casually, as if not personally interested.
"Mr: Stopples, you got money in thet new
cem'tery enterprise, ain't yet"
Mr. Stapples allowed he had "a few han
derd." "Waal, tain't nothin1 to you what I mass-,
ure. I cal'latu I ken tire out any cem'tery
enterprise as has started to East Village, an'
when I decease I purpose bein' buried to
Weston."
"Shot" Mr. Stapples leaned over and
picked up a straw, to conceal his feeling of
disappointment and vexation. .
"I'm agin all them new fangled patent
iron moniments an' iron nxnVs, an agin all
this 'ere flummery folks is talkin' about. The
old fashioned marble head stuns is plenty
goodtauT. Tbers altogether too much fancy
flxin' to the new cem'tery. I'm agin fountain
play into a cemtery yes I be I an' ef the old
. berryin ground's full, as tbey say, I'm a-goin'
to Weston."
"Shot" again ejaculated the undertaker, in
an undertone. "Shouldn't think you'd like
to make yourself so unpopular."
"What's folks to East Village ever done
for me? I ain't a-goin' to do nothin' for them
no I ain't!"
"We had hoped," urged the undertaker,
"that you'd open oar new cimetery, an' we
callatad f nave the Weston band."
"Taint no use argufyin'," said Luke,
stubbornly.
"A band, an' a adress by the Methodist
an' Presbyterian ministers," softly smiled
Mr. Stapples.
Luke moved uneasily on the step.
"A adress makin' mention of your noble
carrickter, an' praisin' of It, an' makin' oat
as now you were a great philanthropeed,"
smiled Mr. Stopples, affably.
"A wmat srtr" asked Lake, quickly tarn
iBghkaiMrp, discrediting eyes fall upon the
undertaker.
"A phj-kathropeed I callata cm what is
a sorter magnLt"
Old Lake began to chuckle well within
himself. "Me a magait'n East Village P be
grinned. "Why, I cant get trust for a bag
o' oats!"
Enoch came out with the glue done ap in a
bit of brown paper. "Guest ye hnrtsa Hen
ery, ye old sinner," said he, looking across
the green. "There's Marier a-deia' his bead
up in a banksher. Look's though his skull
was cracked darn me eft dont!"
"Hope tk," said Luke. "He'd no bizaest
to say I cheated. Why, croky aiat no fun
oaless ye cheat some; an' TTiaery, he's wots
fclba."
"WaaL" said Enoch, slowly, "folks know
yeo-a! aa' I guess Heaery's mostwise ia the
right. Say, IkA kre'stsM glue; aowwaarea
aeeaatr
Old Lake felt about ia his breeches pockets
for some i, apparently to no purpose.
Then be felt in his boot top and palled oat a
dirty aad much. laangVri f3 bill.
"Here, Eaoch; give aw four doller. aad
aiiiisty-nine cents rhaage" an
apthebilL
EacK&laagLMasicUylaaca. "Yeou
I haint got the change," he said; "bat W
ealbageaatertiuebffl,aa'yeeacaalatstgo
agin oar akoaat taet there forty-nine doltr
aa' eighty-MX cents for store projace aa has
sto:d fer le's t Mure year ail' over."
Luke quickly throat the aOl teto ms traaw
rs pocket I. call ye to witness, Mr. Stan
lee. I fcMidered tbo caku. Yes, I did: an' now,,
JuKcix. le' have :iie glue."
-Lea awrtbabOL
like snook hk
"Ufa bwL mo glue,1
"WaaLms ztaevma
aamwsaaalW
"Hmol at jw old games, aiat ja!"
Enoch; aad be
gbeiaadweJkxd back sate ft
grinaan
Tr-im
ass do get aa
Bat soaw day,
L aaaOma i0smfJH SaBBaaaataV
beawro'mest."saU
iaamsarll
PlaciagtaeglBeiahai
pocket he walked rapidlr acroat the
toward ais bara.'
"nfmmmmrt -' - ftk.
"an' no mistake; bat TcaFlato US
tery smarter a him. It kaa.wait loagera
be ken, an' he sawwi it I caTlaat rdtd abem
talks a good tnra wfeea rpat ia wortl about
abrambaadaa!imeowitina Lake kinder
pricked up bai easa, I awi"
Eaoab shook bmaaad.' ' "Jfo; hall lioat yoa
atlksyec,"hesahL "HeTltrstkyesomeway."
Bhartiag hk eyes warn aatbaaw.mmni-hlniilrail
dowatheroad.'"Daramaef bisdorg aat
Lake to sst Vmager "Taiat no mam; lta a
Ysa, LaaVs eate,ba bit dorg-kVs
catorLuka. 'Batbotb oa 'em are a pair.
Land! see thet dorgsawakhoahidm'behint
tbetbjedikaowiBsare.sa gaaa, bea beaa
sold agin far ave dollar the bill ye see Lake
ber-aa' l nam' boast far to- be anld agin!
Why, Luke's made forty dollars oataa thet
p'intar buade.o' three moarba, to my aartin
i
aasa
"ine same aorgr-
"Yep. Issa'mssUthep'iamryestiddy to
HaakSpmk. Haaka a feller aa wont stand
aonassaasataetther. Haak drarosT with the
dorg-m Us "baggy, aha ' kinder
ertho'heknowedwbatto do without bain'
told. Now he's liack,s' Luke 11 try aa' sell
'magmtoaoaMfotMaJaretheweakaoat."
"Iswaal That's iiniattn'."
."Cheatia'l LahaU cheat the store teeth
outeahtograather. Why , bea the cam tbey
renngMlnd into the war far paham' .off shoe
pegs oa go verameat bomaa far oam. An' ye
ought to hear him brae; o sbeaa war timasl I
shouldered a gun, but he never saw Dixie's
land 'cept as a sutler, aa' now he's a-Uvin' off
H piiinn ha grit 'rim h Hsliwil haw in
jured in the Wikkent, beta' tarowed heavy
in a wrastlia' match he war allot wrastlln'
an p"' a shoulder blade, which be
gem tea dollars a month for .ever seace.
P'raps thet five dollar bill was dorg. money ;
p'raps it was gn f 'i af tif money; guest likely
dorg money I daa know."
"Poor ma outagalkm o mohwaes," taid
the undertaker, as he rose to ga' "Guem ef
Luke's a reskiUwadoatwaat tar opea oar
new limilij wtth ma taoh a carrickter.
We'd better be lookia' around far a corpse at
we ken praise ap without lym' about. Sbo!
The Tillage hi to derm healthy, an' were
waited an' watted, aa spent oar money aad
the undertaker heaved a deep sign.
"WaaL better look far another corpse aa
aiat a reskilL an' kaaut soM a dorg over a
tunes," lenghnrt Eaoch, aa the mo
slowly drained from the bogsfaeadiuto
the undertaker's jog. "Luke would spile
any cemtery. Guess folks to Weston wont
tbaak Lake much far ais chooatn'. Gaem
likely bell be forced to try the new enter
prise arter aU."
An empty farm wagon drove by la the
dusty road, maJmajm great clatter aad ob
scuring Lukes boats and barn across the
green in a cloud of datt.
When the dust rose and they could see .be
neath it, Labs could be seta leading ha
painter into the barn. Ha sessaed to bit in
somewhat of a harry, and the dog proving
unwilling, he led the animal quickly back
into the house, At toe same moment a horse
man rode furiously up to the store, threw
himself off his horse, and shoated to Enoch,
who stood cm his door step, scarcely tea feet
awayiHlcvEaoch! fleeaaaytatngof my
p'inter I bought o' Luke Judkin fer live dol
lars" "Cheap dorg!" grinned Enoch, in reply.
"Bought Im hut Thursday, an' here 'tis
Tuesday, an' the dorg run off. I suspect
Lakes got 1m back. Ef the confiarned res
kill baa gone an' dons me, 111111"
The speaker, a tall, thin, athletic young far
mer, gave a quick soring to hte arm as be
.spoke, indicative of the punishment he would
inflict opou old Luke Judkin If found de
linquent. "Hank Spink, you'd orter know betterti to
try an' buy thet dorg. Menny hex tried it,"
said Enoch, "an not one on em's ever bed
much success. Yoa carrnt buy thet dorg.
Haak; you carrnt do itl The dorg too
smart. Yes, I see thet dorg not a few minim
ago. Guess he's to Luke's barn now."
"Well, I guest I boaghtea the dorg; aa' ni
hev the dorg, or 111 berths law outer Laker
The undertaker smiled. "Mebbe as yoa
kenaraataaorg!nheaald. "As for Luke, he
'aint done nothin'; its the dorg's fault"
Hank Spink scratched hie head. "I aint
no lawyer shark, but guess I know 'nuff, to
know thet dorg's boughten an' paid for; an'
he's toy dorg, an 111 get 1m oaten Luke's
bara, or Luke gets a lickin', one or t'other!"
sakl Hank, angrily, striding across the green
toward Luke Judlda's white house and dingy
gray barn.
The others followed. Enoch was altogether
too much mterested ia the event of the
"dorg" matter to heatste a moment about
the need of tendu' bis store. Perceiving his
departure, half a dosen young urchins, stroll
ing homeward from a bath and swim in a
neighboring stream, stole into the store and
slyly helped themselves to "Jackson balls"
and Tastes cakes in the window. Hot content
with these swoem,they daabed their faces with
bout, and arrayed themselves in the yellow
tarpaulin suits which hung oyer the counter.
.But if the urchins were having a good
time, the ill concealed look of aasassmeat in
honest Enoch's face as ha irraal the green
also showed that he too was enjoying bun
self, perhaps equally well. "I'd like to see
bow Hank 11' go to work," be laughed.
"Hank's mad, aa' Lake aint no metre for
him in a bare stand op fight Bat Luke's
tricky. Hankll never git the dorg! You
sbs, Mr. Stapples, itll take a sheriff aa' a
to fetch the dorg away-aa' I was
i' to say a bull jedge an' jury to hold
1ml Luke is game, be is. Guem he's got
thedorgbJd away by this time. Sbo! here
How wants ha a-dota' off"
for old Luke's
shrewdness found vent a laomeat later ia a
hearty 'slip upon bis thigh. Lake advanced
toward Hank Sfask with a hearty treble
"How-tar-door and a hand shahs which, by
its warmth of feeling, quickly dhawmedths
smlwarf yoamg fatsatr. "So ye forgot to
tie the dors; aftdid yal Waal, he's come
home. Yet be ham. Haak, ye dkhVt feed
him 'nuff Virtiea, Marisr, sbs used to feed
himtoonrach;atBlaaeteB;,bs Uhssrittles;
to he's ram eat, I s?past.P
'es.Iccaassrfttrthedorg.Mr.Judkia,"
taid Hank Spink, mioUaed.
The old man's tain hair was linissd and
-tombed no -back, over his ears. 21b rural
argt.. HW JaTway!" iwr
ssnas Cnasa avar sawa) aaaaaa aaaaaar aaaT
"WaaL has Ugh asr loWboat tht yard
aBaaawFSVJtL maasaaaaam X avaaal Baa CaaaaaaaasV "DOVS
'aaimow.'aactly.- "
Osi Tabs gaswi thost the yard d at the
house tuiUiuly.Bs if he expected she dog to
akoatatSBmfroma iiiibsiI sttij uis I w
saslwmk. BntSaBmaaBtaBoasaaavssa
a wmdow"cr eharhsrs, asvl Bank Spmk
shoved las ham aaaaa far dewa hcte bit
I'liis nil Hi, .in..
"Laakasre,ljHs;IsBatsam'tosBsad
mafsatm. Iwaattaetders Issidferhaa
fair, aa' I do adasit he was a dara itsaaj l.sra
far aat arica."
"WaB, aarmaskml JEsath sbs anew am! asms
maway. Iamt spt aeaam'todawamthe
nerg, i aeisagsyoarajsams asswayexmes
hare. Rjsssstd Laiars mab arabla.
"WaaL aeherIgaam, ef ha samt Ma,"
WBPtsmt aaV Jassb aaWatas eaYBaw afaa
taehosss,esif
all desire for farther discovery.
s a bormtt aTeady,"
sotto rose, to the undertaker; "am'
tee them i ims.sl t In' ap her clean floor!"
Hank Staawbad entered the porch at sbs
side of the bouse and Luke bad followed bam.
Tbey walked the length of" the porch, which
had been freshly cleaned that nwrning, and
Haak placed hm band on the leech of, the
door, when aat Lake placed his band oa him.
44 Taint no aat goin' in an' upaettin' every
thing ia this house on 'cosat of a dorg."
"Leggo me!" answered Bank, "rmagnin
to hev thet dorg, an' I" caTlast mo oae' aiat
goin! to stop me!!
Luko placed himself before the door.
"I'm a-goin' to stop any man openin' my
door an' enterin my bouse without a search
warriot. Ye I be!"
"Oh, you be, be ye" And Hank gave the
old man a thrust aside. They glared at each
other. There was a little sparring for a
"side bold," when, quick as a flash, the old
uuui umw uiui u tum umura, imp
' TY.t- 1... uU...f .1. 1.HJXM
hunagood twelve paces on the grass. As
Haak lay there sprawling ou the turf, Luke,
pals with his effort and with anger, shook
hk flat aver hk prostrate foe.
, "You'll never git thet dorg. Haak, unless
ye luuuwrastle better'n thet!!' Then be put
hk hand suddenly to his heart "God A'
mighty!" be exclaimed, in a hoarse whisper,
as Enoch ran forward. "Somepen's broke
inside! Run an' fetch Marier! Some one go
for the doctorl I'm I'm I'm He kin
her his dorg."
The old man sank to the floor of the porch,
and rolled over ou oue side, a ghastly white-
spreading over his face.
"He's dead dead as a nit!" cried Enoch,
aghast
"No he ain't," said the undertaker, kneel
ing by his side. "Ho's only fainted. Hank,
you run fer the doctor. Mebbe it's a murder
Gtitea ye'd better kinder let the doctor
know, Hank, au' then yeou lite out, au' keep
hid away. I'll testify 'twau't your fault bein'
throwed thet way, but yeou hed orter got a
sarcb warrint yes yeou hed!"
Hauk took the hint, and went out or tbe
yard, much crestfallen and quaking with
fear. Although he fancied he heard a dog's
....... . . ..
whine come.out to him from die bouse, he did
not stop to look back or attempt to whistle
after him, the fatal cause of all his trouble
that day. Ho left word with the doctor, and
galloped back to bis little hill form on the
tlinnntm side, a sadder and a wiser, if a dog
less man.
The doctor worked over Luke for an hour.
Aunt Marier, with a scared look, made gruel
and poultices, for which there could be no
possible we; but on being so informed, only
went on making mora gruel and more poul-
tices, as if by way of proving herself useful
in an emergency, if for no other reason.
Luke Judkin "came round." After a week
be was out again, tho hard, knotty old fel
low. But ho was not tho some man he was.
" 'Pears like I hain't got long fer to live," be
said, with a melancholy whine, "My innards
aint right 'Pears my orgins is twisted in
side." But however great the changes wrought by
hk last "wrastle" oa Lake's body and in
sides, his mental change and moral regenera
tion were something astonishing.
"He aint tho same cuss," said Enoch, as
be aat on his threshold two weeks later, with
one or two farmers, and glanced across the
green. "He's a sorter meachin' an' wilted
down no spank left: Land! he as aster be
kinder feelin' round ter do somethin' mean
ter hk neighbors, an' make 'em feel mean ter
him, why he's turned right round! Guess be
won't live long. Kb! Folks says bea paid
,upaJlhk debts. WaaL he's paid my 'coast
every cent, an' he went an' paid for
MarierV-that's his fourth wife, yeoureklect?
sister's child's schoolin' down to Northfield.
An' ex fer thet dorg o' hizen, Hank got him
back all right; yes, an' Luke, he's try in' fer
to act on the square. Why, there's Mr.
Stapples a-coming! Dead Luke Judkin
deadt Why, I want ter know! Thefsnewa!
Whew!"
"Yes; dead half an hour ago," said the un
dertaker, who came across the green to the
store with a pail for ice. "Passed away
peaceful like. Yes, yes, I were on hand; hap
pened so. Luke's deadat last The strain's
what killed him. Yet, looks peaceful an' like
a saint"
"I callate he's a saint 'nough now," sighed
Eaoch, with a New EnglanderHi readiness to
canowisn all doressecl persons. "He were
wicked at times, were Luke, but mostwise he
were so dern smart thet ye hed ter fergiv'
Im. An', waaL what ef be did tell hk dorg
over a dosen times! Wa'n't it half the dern
dorg's fault Deadt WaaL ye dont say so!"
"It were part the dorg's fault," replied the
undertaker; "but ef I stan' here a talkin,
Luke'll spile, an' all thet there peaceful ind of
hisen will go for naught I never see a corpse
look so mild and good tempered. Most looks
sour, Mr. Johnson; but Lake, he smiles away
as ef be bed a easy death, kinder pawrd over
the river, as tbey say, an' larfin' as' smilin'
good-by; an' it's jest hit the cimetery folks
off right, tew, Mr. Johnson jest right Oh,
we flntshfri off the roadways jest in time, an'
we shell give Luke a big funeril as big as
from f75 to $100 '11 buy; yes."
Luke's was indeed a grand funeral for East
Village. There was some """rUng and smil
ing over the patent-fact that the "new cemetery-foils"
bad got the better of old Luke at
last, and there were some bidden winks over
the fervid eloquence of the Rev. Mr. Scrooby
as be praised the high character of the de
reastd encomiums better fitted, perhaps, to
the last fortnightof hk life than the previous
ave-and-eighty years. But the layd was on
head, and Its narrow repertoire, uiough con
taining no funeral music, gave the greatest
sstaaaction Imagtonahle Was it not auspi
ctoat to open the new cemetery with the tune
"John Browns Body," followed, between
prayers, by "The Star Spangled BannerF
Cartes. Old Luke Judkin that summers day
had a most cheerful end! "Wo hev made
hhn,nssid the undertaker, solemnly "wehev
made him a sorter phi-lanthropeed!" J. S.
W. in Harper's Weekly.
Simplicity.
Strange fashions are not confined to
or own age or country. rTnlinahod, the
famous and amusing chronicler of the
Sixteenth century, comments severely
upon the manners of the FifrKh of his
day. He tells as that "in number of
dhuses and changes of meat the nobility
of England (whose cooks are for the
part Frenchrnpn and foreigners) do
exceed; till there is no day in ntan-
that pcaseth over their heads where
in they have not ordy beef,mtttton, real.
Iamb, kid, pork, cony, capon, pig, or so
many of them a the season yieldeth, bat
also some portion of the red and fallow
deer, besides variety of fish and wild
fowl, and thereto strndry other d-Jy-ifr-
wherein the sweet hand of the sea farmr
Portingale is not wanting, so that for a
man to dine with one of them and. to
taste of every dish that standeth before
aim,krataertovieldrmtoaccauapiracy
with a great deal of meat for the speedy
samwwsamkti of Bataral health thaa the
aaaofantrraaaryBsealtoatgasfyhimssif
with a oomipetent repast tn matnln his
body withaL" Much the same fashion
fa kept up to this day, and public ban
gneUand the samptnoue tables of the
epnJent abound in all that can charm
the eye and tempt the palate, and, let
aw add, lay the foundation of long aad
severe Alness. Hour strange the con
trast between thfaredrJessprofafiaa and
the simplicity of aasne medimval saint,
diet was spare aad phua to a de-
ochnm, greater thaa aav of the
did am glorious Hfe work
allowance of Inrasfa. wild
aad water! Corahfll
SaOIXFtTL CERAMISTS.
$r
COOKING AND WATCHING COSTLY
VASES FOR FORTY HOURS..
Pereelsia
at Sevres
Teadra aad Pate
Workers as Men ef
Great A
TlMBXaalasa
French porcelain proper k the result of a
lkt very made early ia the Eighteenth cen
tury by one Louis Potent, a poor faience
maker of Rouen, and k a preparation of
mineral salts, mostly those of soda aad silica,
which, properly compounded, may be worked
into the stiff dough required for the atost
sow plicated and delicate molding. It k
only since the discovery aad wide applica
tion of the artificial material that science
has basal hraoorht .ta htmr unna th natural
. - Tr-' - -
! prouuet of kaolin, and carried its manufact-
ure to a scale of perfection which permits it
to ve im its owa special proviacs with im
ssaetkaaeraamgile and delicate compeer.
It will that be seen that two distinct spe
cies of .raw material are in use by the na-
i tional manufactory of Sevres, aad it may be
further explained that the terms pate tendre
and pate dur, meaning "soft and bard paste,"
refer to the main contrast between the two
j varieties of porcelain indicated, inasmuch as
. the artificial product is, by its extreme fra
gility, incapable of service in. the gigantic
presentation pieces, such as, of the natural
; earth, have given the establishment its great
est renown. If confined by its great delicacy
to tbe evolution of articles of small dimen
sion the finer pate has still its claims to supe
riority, for the colors and enameling applied
to it when in the furnace so melt together
and form part of the solid fabric as to create
a iimpioity, soitness ana brilliancy or glax- I
ing absolutely unrivaled.
The process of manufacture of costly vases
and other forms turned out of the workshops :
at Sevres differs only in the sublime decree '
i .
to which has been raised tbe quality of art,
material and mechanism employed, from the
' operations of the most primitive potters of I
antiquity, and exactly the same succession of
movements must be followed. A mast of
prepared plaster is placed by the first oper
ator upon his revolving table or wheel, to
which be gives rapid motion by means of a
treadle. While uiider the pressure of hk
naked hands the lump gradually assumes a
succession of meaningless forms which rise
and fall, spread, contract, broaden or length
en in tarn until thoroughly kneaded into the
proper consistency for the final effort When
in the judgment of the operator the right
moment has arrived, the careless play of hk
nngers is arrested into a more decided pres
sure, and from the shapeless pile rises as if
by magic the outline of a vase or urn in one
of the countless varieties to which art gives
license.
Tint TOUCHES THAT TxXX.
When the piece has assumed a clean and
definite form the motion of the wheel k
quickened, and with a series of deft and skill
ful touches the operator follows carefully
within and without the delicate curves of hk
sketch, which he accentuates and deepens
until, without further doubt as to its iden
tity, the thus far completed work stands
ready for treatment at the hands of artists
possessing no mean reputation. Brought to
this point, the "vase," we will my, is still oa
the table upon which it took definite form,
laid aside for several days, during which a
considerable amount of moisture k allowed
to evaporate, It k then passed over to other
ii ntjuta, waopbteeitapoaaiiotsMwikBcrlp-tioa-of
revolving table, which, although far
different from that used in wood working, k
practically a lathe, for the treatment to
which the vase is now subjected is that of
calipers, which effectively demonstrate any
unevennesB, and a series of cutting took which
are employed in emptying the interior and
smoothing every part, as well as in sharpen
ing the outlines of the rim and borders.
Leaving the bands of these latter ministers,
the object has sawimed the precise form
which, short of subsequent ornamentation,
will characterise the finished piece. While
the operations attending the production of
this first ebauche, or "sketch," as it k called,
are apparently quite simple, their perform
ance requires a steadiness of hand and con
summate skill on the part of the worker
which few are qualified to give.
The modelinc having been completed to
full satisfaction, the process of "mi'Hr.g b)
now in order, for which purpose the prepared
sketch is carefully sliced into as many pieces
as there are to be prominent or protruding
parts to the completed vase, and each of these
is in turn treated to a coating of plastic
material, which when hardened and removed
is to form a section of the final "ntrrr All
being joined in place and firmly braced, the
pate, be it of whatever variety, k reduced by
the addition of water to a thin liquid, which
in the technicality of the manufactory k
called barbotine, and the object cast without
further ado.
This, however, k mainly in the case of
small articles. For the molding of pieces of
great dimensions, -the manufactory of Sevres
employs several processes, which aid in the
compression of the liquid beyond the possi
bility of flaws or bubbles. Of these the two
principal are by means of compressed air
and a method of pouring the fluid in a
vacuum, without which the obtainment of
some of the gigantic pieces made there would
be impossible.
THX BTISTS.
In close proximity to the shops where tbe
foregoing processes take place are the ateliers
of tbe artists, charged with the correction of
all imperfections and with the mnrUitng of
tbe various ornaments which it k their basi
ness to join to tbe main body of tbe work at
the proper stage. These repareurs, so called,
are men of great attainment aad ofttimet
reputation, whose important tasks are con
sidered on par with those of sculptors and
painters. The piece u now ready to undergo
a preparatory touches' tho fire which hardens
the pats for the purposes of the decorators in
color; and to allow of a certain amount of
sculpturing aad engraving which matt be
used upon the details. The first tempering k
accoaiplkhed ia the upper part of the fur-
uses, where the best k much lets violent than
ordinarily required,
After this comes the application of that
toft sad translucent enamel which f arnisbes
one of the features so much admired by ama
teurs of thk sort of ware, sad which U com
posed of fnsrrt rnrnhinatlon "f ' ' 'tsVil Twlil
spar and quartz, than which little of a min
eral nature can be harder or more dorable.
Ssvrmposaaats, for these purposes, eight
great furnaces, six of which act through in
tensity of temperature and two of which
throw their names directly upon the work.
Tbe heat required for the vitrincatiaa of
kaolin and tbe other materials k n n-';
terrible, mounting never less high than 1,8U0
degs.
Daring forty hours, day and night, while
one or more of these vases k baking, the chief
officer of the manufactory never leaves the
oven, which every few moments he is com
pelled to critically examine with special ia
stnunentt for determining whether all k go
ing well within, Wbea these announce saat
tae porcelain k property cooked, the ordet k
given to slow down the fire, which, before its
con tent may be removed, must be allowed
to cool during eight days. New York Tele
znun "Tell me about the hole in the watt."
"Well, it was one of the famous in-
atitntiona of our early days. Pll give
you a full history of it something that
been toW in print It had its
in ham and oread. One of the
to John BealL who
away back ia. the
thJrtam,thatitwcddbeafoodthingto
kvaautttoknscheoa sat aaar the hail
coald run oat
sad ret a bits to eat SoBeallu wife
braa4 and Basil
broabttisemeViwsatHlast abeam anas,
a little circular room just aorta of the
rotunda aad on the east side of the corri
dor: Soon he added pk&leeanH aulada
and such little dclicacice. and the place
became very popular.
"Then somebody
that there ought to be a bottle of whisky
there, and after the whisky had been
procured there came a demand forgin,
ram, brandy, wine and aU sorts of
things. In a little while the place be
came a regular saloon. There was no
bar, of course, not even a siuVboard, the
bottles and desui Johns being set ia rows
on the shelves. For a long time the sen
ators used to go in there and help them
selves to whatever they wanted, and the
expense was ran in under the contingent
account, as horse hire or something like
that.
"After a time the stock got so large and
popular that it was no uncommon thing
to see a doacn senators and their friends
in there etesia sad having good tiataav
The little room, not more than twelve or
fifteen feet in diameter, and taking its
name from the fact that it was simply a
hole in the watt, lighted only by one win
dow, was often badly crowded, and a
good deal of confusion resulted in the
arrangement of the stock, so that the
senator who had a favorite brand of
liquor had much trouble in finding it.
"Thus it became necessary to put a man
man in charge, and after a time the ex
pense became so great that it was not
easy to work it off in the contingent ac
count. Then the senators were required
to pay for what they got, and after this
wua done the popularity of the Hole in
the Wall fell off very rapidly. But it
was kept up until some years after the
senate moved into its present chamber
in 1359. It Lt a good thing, I'm think
ing, that the walls of that dark little
room are dumb! Ohio State Journal.
The Ho n.
ChilL.
Houses of varying pretensions border
the Alameda behind the trees. At its
upper end tlie streets of the town are
reached, and beauty yields to commerce.
The streets are roughly paved and dirty;
the houses, painted wliite or of pale tints,
are plain and rectangular, their smooth
walls broken only by light verandas be
fore the upper windows and by the nag
staffs projecting over every door. The
shops are poor. But the street scenes
are interesting enougii. Creaking wa
gons, drawn by oxen, lumber noisily
over the stones, the dark skins and high
cheek bones of their drivers showing In
dian descent. Lighter horse drawn carts
and shabby Iiackney coaches pass by,
but very few respectable private car
riages are seen. Outside a saddler's shop
stands the picturesque figure of a "Hu
aso," mounted on a small but strong and
spirited horse.
The "huaso" is a distinctive personage
of ChflL answering somewhat to the
guacho of eastern South America. He
spends his life mounted on bis horse,
which he manages with consummate
skill, bis occupation when he has one
usually being, cattle driving on the
"liaciendas, or farms, of the country.
More than half Indian, dark, silent,
fierce, he is an unpleasant individual
to meet at night in a lonely country
road, for he is unscrupulous and ready
with liis knife, especially when, as is
frequently the case, be has imbibed a
quantity of "aquardiente in the low
drinking places of the town, A wide
hat of well worn straw shades his un
shaven face; a "poncho" in appear
ance like a striped blanket with a hole
in its center, through which his head
emerges conreals his shabby dress.
From bis heels project monstrous spurs,
cruel aa the powerful bit which renders
his horse obedient to a touch. At his
.saddle, of Mexican pattern, hangs the
"lasso," his implement of omce, in the
use of which he ia astonishingly dexter
ous. His high leather boots rest in gi
gantic wooden stirrups blocks of carved
wood which protect his feet from' the
press of cattle. All the Year TRonnd.
Early ttagyelnesiilaa
Pliny speaks of his great work on nat
ural history in thirty-seven books as an
encyclopedia. Quintilian, Galen, Vitru
vius and Zonaras apply the term to the
"doctrinarian omnium disciplina." The
word was introduced into English in the
Sixteenth century by Sir Thomas Elyot,
who speaks of "the world of science and
circle of doctrine, wbiche is in one word
of greke Encyclopaedia. But the Middle
Ages had their encyclopedias also, the
greatest of which was the "Speculum
Mundi" of Vincent de Beauvais, who
was lector or librarian to St Louis, in
the Thirteenth century. It was reprinted
in four folio volumes as late as 1624 by
the Benedictines of Arras.
We pass over a number of similar.
works to which the revival' of bmrniijg
in the Sixteenth century gave birth, all
of them having been frequently reprinted
and in general use, until we arrive in
the Seventeenth century at the biatorical
dictionaries of Moreri and Bayle, which
still retain their place in our libraries.
The first alpliabetical encyclopedia in
English was the work of John Harris, a
London clergyman, who was secretary
of tlie Royal society and a friend of New
ton. But this "Lexicon Teclinicum
was superseded by ChuuibenT Universal
Dictionary, which was tlie uioet popular
book of reference of tiu Eighteenth cen
tury. Mr. Lyons mentions that Abra
ham Rees produced an enlarged edition
of this work in 1788. but lie fails to do
justice to tlie far' more important and
complete publication known as "Rees
Cyclopedia, which belongs to the earlier
yearn of the present century, and is still
in iiuuiv respect a book of much utility
and value. The Edirhnrtrh Roriew.
In some anraowa region of tbegew Worst,
probably somewhere about tan Bsgalaadsof
PBTu-fortaeorsrfnof the potato, like that
of Mr. Jeassm de la rlncae si
portent pun warns:, it "wron ia
taeregiww.attmat ptwaaasark
known In i himsiilii ais"nsMi i h
in
tJmstnsggiefornfe brass
or ton i
la sash a
ef
bar of at
have beaa to snopt
of
Mr
bare filed 1st stem and
inane aacteaaariv
cater to tan auan,so that the assets and
birds, diagataut at the flrst bite, woald have
ueaiatadfremtaavateattaanat to devour it
iatotrntaa rather ec attfajtetoa. That boa
est and tnmJgatforward plant decUnsJ to
iatne
it
ft
ryand tmbivutune
ms tan Hninire-
YrTatTL TT shrank isf a naii Mnt in iskuf
furlrsland. fttetmiiilaatteawav
As a 1 -, X aL a a " a - T
istwrsi, rant acntM; nana aasaeeataam taateb.
ataaawatataya. ntopinn la trnrtneing f or PjmUirt Ipalknn.
aatnmij insist aaaasanaysad faauaaaatr
mtty at k net, attsoat pteam sawasmt, a reas.
wars of s oraaea maraaTSsaBgawmBaww-
aabsr, viewed ss a bissass,ssBMBaalf mpbi
twocardiaeipaattt, lnhaaaat to da
ws an kaewm sbs mmikr oasm ef layers
day).
soft, r, i m ink
laid an
to aid aw
ma
Asabsr.mfact.aw
at one of nst
(a order to secure for
of exaaaacs. In woody sarabs and trass the
it ifM 111 laid up by tbe atatvklaal to provide
fat the inner bark, which doss not die, and
for aw way at
Magazine.
It tensed to designate thostin tbe Church
of Fngkad who have given great proau
aence to a particalar kmd ef rsmal recently
revived for a uaaaitoand sxamewiedajsd pur
pose. Tak knot tetanias to be iotetified
with the gaatral hnprovesstat ia
taste which hat taken place from aa
point of view hi the pabue worship of all re
ligious bodies. Even Xoaeoaformkt bodiat
have now their kveUmg up of rituaL We
read in a recent number of one of their
mags tmet, "the holy table should be placed
against the wall of the ctaacel or apex of
tbe church. It should be covered with a
cloth, as richly embroidered with Tuitabk
designs as possible. Behind the table should
bea reredoa of carved stone or wood or a
piece of embroidery. Against thk, in the
midst of a narrow shelf, should stand a
cross," and so oa.
This is indeed mtualkra, but it differs not
in degree but in kmd from that to which, for
tbe sake of brevity and coaveaieace, we
technically apply that term. The Ritualism
of which we speak la the expression ia out
ward farm, aad the enfeuxeawetoa the minda
of the worshipers by external symbolism, of
certain dogmas. The Bitusllatt tkemtelvet
would indignantly repudiate aay other idea.
The late Rev. C J. Le Geyt, a well known
Ritualistic leader, wrote that: "The chief
point and value of all ritual k that it sym
bolism and expresses, aad at the same time
enshrine and protects, - truth.
Ritualists, to called, have no desire to escape
under tbe guke of harmless nonentities.
Ritualism naquatHoaably does symbolise doc
trine, aad therefore has been to carefully leg
islated for by tbe church." Oue of the
Ritualistic clergy (the Rev. W. J. E. Bennett)
I'Tamined some years ago before the ritual
commktinn, oa being asked, "You do not
contend, then, for aay aesthetic purpose, but
strictly for a doctrinal purpoatr" answered,
"Decidedly; the aesthetic purpose forms aa
accident afterward, but is not tbe object"
Fortnightly Review.
Fealty Arithsnetie.
A trader who trim to overreach his Indian
customers finds himself stamped with aa ex
pressive nickname, which be k unable to
efface. Mrs. aunzie tells, in her "Early Days
in the northwest," of a trader named Rolette,
who
called "Ah-kay-saupee-tah." or
"Ave more," because,
let the Indiana offer
of
they might fat bartar-
for aa
article.
he always mid, "Ave
The Indians, however, on tbe arrival of the
annuity money, would try to get the better
of the agent As a certain sum of money
was apportioned to each man, woman and
child, the father of a family tried to make
the number of hk lodge as large as possible.
A dialogue like the following would occur
between the agent and an Tndian, aa the red
man handed to the agent a little bundle of
sticks to register:
"How many have you in your lodger
"Fifteen," answers the Indian, carefully
counting hk bundle of sticks.
"How many men!"
"Two."
The agent lays aside two sticks.
"How many women"
"Three."
Three more sticks are hud aside.
"How many cWldrenl"
"Eight."
Eight sticks are added to the heap.
"What k tbe meaning of these two sticks
that remain!" asks tbe agent, sternly. The
culprit, whom arithmetic bad not served him
to play out hk trick, would disappear amid
the jeers of hi companions, who shouted at
him because he bad been found out Youth's
Coaipauioa.
Taw Gliaacw
Nature made a curious mistake in regard
totaegiraffa. She gave him such au extra
length of neck that he la obliged to feed on
tbe foliage of trees and let tho rich grass
under hk feet strictly alone. She made huu
pretty, but awkward. She gave him beauti
ful limbs, but be rune with a wabble. He is
practically defenseless, and yet he k boosted
up in the air where everything can see htm
There k tome offset, however, in the fact
that tbe giraffe k of affectionate disposition.
Hk confidence k easily secured, and when
once he puts hk trust In you youcanfeed him
cayenne pepper in a piece of apple, and he
wul lay it on to some one eke. The giraffe
lives to tbe age of thirty-five, if not sooner
dltpraed of by accident, and be k then re
signed to have hk skin made into a rug for
sonwbody's pug dog to sleep oa. There is a.
legend aaioax tbe natives of Africa that the
giraffe never sleeps, but that he spends his
hours of dtrknens in weeping over the sins of
the world. Thk k probably tbe reason why
the world test far more wicked than it ia,
and everybody should be willing to pay an
extra tea cents to see the giraffe with the cir
cus. Detroit Free Prets.
Wanted to Hear It
Tae principal of one of our great college
pmyanitory schook became, in his old age,
uanaaally tweet tempered and lovable an
old, ruddy faced man be was, with silver
aaarsadagoodhamoicouataaance.
The village which held hk famous school
valued aad reverenced him. Bat be had the
frequent hwrmity of the old of retelling hk
i uum tills stories inn inaiitly, and many kinds
of straw tart nTntiona Trrirn is ilnmtml In ilial
lag with tan good doctor.
One day he carefully pinned a neighbor on
u attest, sad began apropos of nothing at
aU to mtrodaca a threadbare anecdote,
fanay at ite outset, doubtless, bat now no
longer able to provoke a smile. .
The lady, ia her desperation, prof eased a
vivid recollection of the story.
reckless plunge into another subject.
"Do yoa remember itr ejaculated tbe de
lighted old gentleman, not at all offended.
And then, edging nearer, and with a fresh
sparkle of interest in his kindly eyes, "Then
ten it to mer Youth's Companion,
'- w-t Trllias-
SataU Boy (to editor) Win yoa print my
(reads it)-So, sir.
Boy (weeps) Do prist it, or ITl tell
oy
my grandpa aad my auntie
aty uncle Jim aad mysutereaad
They all subscribe for the paper.
tbey atop sad
Hath! it will be in next week, and
to bay candy. Epoch.
A awaanattv Sight.
-That coat not mended vetr
R-So, George.
lsr.H.-Oa,tbet-l!
Mrs, H.-What a rede, horrid maa!
(renaatsslly) Forgive aw. dear.
or yon at work suzeestad Ufa
Yoa know the devil sows tares.
sacoaaly.wkkwsn,
fatare growth ox its
maaypasas sxiopasa by pastas
anassBHaawBSBBtroa ana pyres jaaaassm are
esabled to blossom to eerry spring before she
aBeaWafv.
First Natral lfc
la the Scale of
at the
aa, July On. last
SttUaTat.
ajatsi
IMS SB
ajtaa
1M.4 3X
4.4M3S
lLssta
aiat
Lames
tn?
saga
U.S.
Other lee he. 1
Dna from aaw
Dae from State Beaks
Baal Batate, Faraitare aad 1
current
Xs9mVxBxsnaf laMCl.
Checks and other rash items
BilU of otW Basks
AaaaVBaa taWvfltra............
0BCler
Lsaml trader Botes
Hedemptioa fund with TT fl Tniaaai
er (S per ceat of circulation)
Total .j
eVSTiTS.
tiset
arc oe
IXASXUTtBS.
ta.rr n aaaaa as
ia
Daearided nteaka
m ihb
m
Wmjriint fknkniitf n nstiiftniHss.
laasf m
lautvMiaai uepoaiw Buawet to a
Demaad certiiaitea of denniit.
surest
njmm
leUawst
Notes and bills re-discoaatcd
Total $
oiasoTosa.
A.AMDEB80N.Prae't
J. H. GALLEY. Vice Prea't
aT.BJk.Csasr.
Q. ANDERSON. P. ANDKaWOM.
JACOB UlUOBKN. HUXUXXAUlOz,
JOHN J. SULLIVAN.
AprmVamf
ashussgmtb.
T m. hilia-,
DEUTCHER ADVOKAT,
OIHce over Columbus State Bank, Coluaabaa.
Nebraska. ai
U-LUTAJ1
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
Omee over
Nebraska.
First National
taVtf
ill ECAsE.-
COUXTY SURVKYOK.
BarPmTtisma ammalnaaaV amnwerBjeiaas !..
7:jy.cita-1-- . -".
L.J
CO. SUF'T PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Jji'JLfc1-? m 9 ' ' Court House, the
third Saturday of each raitalhforUwexaaiiBB
Uoa oT applicants for teachers' cerUaealea. aad
for the traaaactioB of other school "--il'sis""'
J."-"
MnlJm,
DRA1 and EXPRESSMAN.
JFS2&&S!!: """fch-with
rnTi . r rr"rT n -. r- rj.-er.siai.'e
a tuepnua. i aau St. 2aiaiKf
rAUBLK & BRADHHAW.
(HucceMtora to Fanble BtuhtU),
BRICK MAKERS !
Weare also prepared to do all kiatai of brick
wOaK BfiBnaaftBaaunak
M.
C TUaTjaEJt C0
Proprietor and Publishers of the
eoinsTrs jrnrtjraL au &m.TAMBjTxnaAL,
Both, post-paid to any address, for 2.0S a Tear
strictly in advance. Fauily JonailT trS'J
year.
v - . ... w
W. A. McALLISTFJL
W. M. CORNELIUS
UcALI.MTKK
ATTORNEYS AT LAIV.
Colombo. Neb.
JOHN G. BIGGINS. C. J. GAKLOW.
HI0OIJIS GA1L0W,
ATT0RNEY8-AT-LAW,
Specialty made of Collection by C. J. Garkiw.
RCBOYD,
a.xurACTcsxa or
riiaidSheet-IrMWare!
JosvWerk, laaiaf and Gmttsr-
u apruuty.
cyah
T on 13th street,
Liiirteesth street.
Kraase
stand on T
Bm.'s old
saf
Ciiah. F. Knapp,
FUAMK K. KSAPP
Contraetirs ni BiiWtrs.
Estimate furnished on brick aad stone work
StP,tV!Tf,,- Mlcialat3iae?to
Mettimc boilers, mantles, etc nin id
tnck pointing old or new brick work to reori
Bent pressed brick, a specialty. tOTOoos2E;
sol.-ciW Inferences Sven. -oudeae
iSmayly KNAPP BKOR.
Colambas. Neb.
A STRAY LEAF!
DIARY.
THE
JOURNAL OFFICE
FOB
CARDS. ENVELOPES,
NOTE HEADS,
BDLL HEADS,
CmCULARS,
DODGERS, ETCL
SUBSCRIBE NOW
ton
tk tmmm jmmil
AMD
TIE AMIRWAN MAwAZIIE,
HV Oftr Both for a Year, at $4jm.
TbeJocasAE.ia
neweandwrnilvi
, aipj inn is llni i
ly manasrne devoted earifBly toi
ww, Amertran xnoeant ami
uieoaiyuevMieaexpeceBt of
uob. itiaKood a any st the eidsr
a. lurniflnac ia a year over IflBH paana of the
choicest literature, written by the ablest Ameri
can aaUton. it is brastifully iliastratasL aad ia
rich with chaiauasceutuuad and short Ttnrlae.
No asere appropriate present ean be
nsue inan a years MBscnptioa to Tae
.It
be wspesially brilliaat dnrins; the year
Tae price of JoeaSAi. ia aSLflB,
iaa.wv
Maea to he the bast
FJatta essaatraasl TIm.
larrhis TUJT.n
rreavaea. and ia
Anwnean fnatitn
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