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VOL. XX.-NO. 8.
COLUMBUS, NEB., WEDNESDAY, JUNE 12,. 1889.
WHOLE NO. 996.
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MirimL
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COLUMBUS
STATE BANK.
COLUMBUS, NEB.
.V Cash Capital - $100,000.
DIRECTORS:
LKANDER GERHARD. Vret'U
' GEO. W.HULST, Vice PretVt.
JULIUS A. REKD.
It. HJIENRV.
J. E. TA8KER. Cashier.
talc epeU IHacaaat
am Exckaace.
CJallectlaaN Prauptly Ivlasle ea
all nIatN.
Pay lateret ea Vlase eaea-
It.
274
COMMClilBM
-OF-
COLUMBUS, NEB.,
-HAS AN-
Authnrizcd Capital of $500,000
Paid in Capital - 0,000
OFFICERS:
C. H. SHELDON. Pres't.
II. I. II. OIILKICH, Vice Pres.
C. A. NEWMAN. Cashier,
DANIEL SCIIKAM, Ass't Cash.
STOCKHOLDERS:
C. II. Sheldon. , . , J- P. Itecker.
HeroianP.H.Oehlrich,ClRienke,
Jonas Welch, W. A. McAllister.
J. Henry Wnnleman. H. M. Winslow.
George W. Galley. c-fVt n.Mrirh
Frank Rorer, Arnolil h . H. Oehlnch.
y-Bank of deposit; interest allowed on tima
deiiosits; buy and sell exchantceon United States
:ud Europe, and bny and sell available securities.
.We shall be pleased to receive your bubiness. We
,ti:.:ft inr nntmn!un. 28dec87
IB.VUU..' JWIM iw u.
FORTIIE
WESTERN COTTAGE ORGAN
CALL ON-
A. & M.TURNER
Or . W. KIBLEK,
Travellaa; Saleeamaa.
tWThese organs are firet-class in every ir
ticulmr, and so Ruarantced.
SCUFFIOTI & PUT!,
DEALEBS IN
WIND MILLS,
AHD PDMPS.
Buckeye Mower, combined, Self
Binder, wire or twine.
Pups Bepairei oi skort metice
-. CT-One dloor west of Heintz's Drag Store, 11th
street, Columbus, Neb. l.novSWf
I CURE
FITS!
When I say Cum I d? V?.?hyr
1 hive made the disease ox
fits, ephjepsyot
AHfe-long stady. I warrant ay remedy to
Cam the "worst 'caws. Because others have
Sued Ubo reason for not now receiyinKa cure
datonccforatreatiseanda kkbBottl
aid tost Office. H costs you nothing tor a
trial, and it will cure you. Address
H.G. ROOT.M.C., ia3PEMLST,MCTTl
HENRY G-ASS.
'BaSsKaB.SS
L '.TJISTDERT-AKER!
FBMWy tjlpJf Bam."v mmmU
COmiS AND METALLIC CASES
" gTJyafrinj rf all Hinds of Uphol
afffw Goods.
t4f COLUMBUS, NEBBABKA.
rilOSI'IIOUESCENCE.
THE LIGHT WHICH ILLUMINES WITH
OUT CREATING HEAT.
Tlic Glowing Inhabitant or the Sea Tia
Fatal Gleam of Mackerel Ths FlreSJes
or South America and the "Lightning;
litis" "I the Northern Section.
There is no subject which the re
searched or scientists have more com
pletely failed to elucidate than that of
the cause of animal, mineral and vege
table phosphorescence the light which,
unlike ail other lights, illumines with
out either consuming or giving out any
perceptible heat. The ocean is the great
storehouse of phosphorescent light On
it feui-fuce myriads of noctilucas (little
creatures jitst visible to the naked eye)
are often seen lighting the waves for
mi.'es. and presenting wonderful effects
wJ.en the water is broken by the bow of
a shipor the .ors of a boat. Pereonswho
have passed through a stretch of water
crowded with uqgtilucaa say that the
light I hey give dims that of the stars,
and makes the sea look as though it were
a vast heaving mass of metal at white
heat.
The intensity of the light is explained
by the immense quantity of the little
animals, which are- computed to number
thirty thousand or so to the cubic foot.
Batliers in waters where they abound
have often been amazed to find, on
emerging, that their bodies aro rendered
luminous by the noctilucas that cling to
them.
A kind of sea slug that is met with in
the Mediterranean and tho Pacific emits
light from certain spots in the body. It
is capable of Ixsing kept in an aquarium,
and there are usually some specimens in
the famous one at Naples. When dis
turbed or swimming the light makes it
look like a Home in the water.
PYItOSOJUE.
The most splendid of the many lumi
nous inhabitants of the sea are the pyro
soime. At night they look as though
made of glowing white hot iron; diffus
ing so strong a light that other fishes are
rendered visible when they happen to
swim within the 6phcre of their radiance.
A distinguishing feature of the pyro
soma is the variety of tints that it gives
forth orange, green, azure, blue, white,
and various shades of dark red having
been all noticed by various observers.
A tiny kind of shark that is met with off
the shores of the southern states of
America is a noted light giver. Speci
mens captured and taken into a dark
apartment present an extraordinary spec
tac''. The entire surface of tho head
and body emits a greenish gleam tliat is
constant, and is not, as in the case of
most of these luminous inhabitants of
the sea, increased by friction and agita
tion. Tho smallnessof the fins of this fish
sliow that it is not an active swimmer,
and the assumption is that its light is
useful in attracting its prey, on the prin
ciple of the torches used by many sav
ages in fishing. Several kinds of crabs
are luminous. One named the sapphirina
is noted for the intensely vivid character
of the Hht that proceeds from it So
brilliant is it that it does not need dark
ness to mako its presence known, but
corruscates blue, purple, green, gold and
sapphire rays in full daylight The
presence of a school of mackerel is often
indicated by the phosphorescent gleam
which these fish produce. Fishermen
often descry them at a great distance by
this light, and hasten to surround them
by their nets. It is thought that mack
erel make a secretion which gives the
light, as after they arc captured a gleam
ing fluid is noticed running off their
bodies, and sometimes covering the hands
of the mea who toss them from the boat
FIREFLIES.
It lias been urged that tho poet was
guilty of an exaggeration in describing
the fireflies as giving sufficient light to
be of any service; but tho accounts of
travelers in South America, who tell us
that the natives light their path while
journeying by a couple of these insects
tied to their feet, show that he was
speaking quite within tho bounds of pos
sibility. At evening entertainments in
that part of the world it is customary
far ladies to decorate their hair and
dresses with fireflies, confined by deli
cate silken threads.
The natives of Vera Cruz do quite a
large trade in fireflies, which they catch
by waving a blazing coal at the end of a
stick. Tho insects fly toward the light,
and are captured in nets. The fireflies
of Northern America differ from those
just described in the fact that they emit
their light in capricious flashes, instead
of with a steady, uniform glow. This,
peculiarity has gained for them the name
of "lightning bugs." Their light is very
similar to that of our glowworm. A
story is told of some French peasants
who were returning home one night and
saw a meteor fall through the sky in
front of them; about half a mile further
on they came to a glowing mass in a
ditch and rushed away terrified, declar
ing that a star had fallen upon the earth
and was burning it up. On investigation
it was found that this burning star was
aothing more uncanny than a mass of
hogs' eggs that had developed phosphor
ascence. Several varieties of the vegetable king
dom are luminous in a greater or less
degree. One of the fungi, which is not
at all uncommon on the walls of damp,
dark mines, caverns, etc, occasionally
emits sufficient light to admit of the
reading of ordinary print by it The
emission of light from the common po
tato when in a state of decomposition is
sometimes very striking. Several of the
Indian plants and grasses are also lumin
ous, and it is said that in 1815 the moun
tains near Syree were nightly illuminated
by their means. The root stock of a
plant from the Ooraghum jungle, sup
posed to be an orchid, possesses the pe
culiar property of becoming luminous
when wetted, while, when dry, it is
quite lusterless. The hairy red poppy,
the nasturtium and the double marigold
are also luminous to a certain degree.
Loudon Standard.
When Perfection Bring Profit.
Horse racing, in itself, is neither de
grading nor anything else that is bad; a
race is a beautiful and exhilarating spec
tacle, and quiet men, who never bet, are
taken out of themselves in a delightful
fashion when the exquisite thorough
breds thunder past No sensible man
supposes for a moment that owners and
trainers have any deliberate intention of .
improving the breed of horses, but, never
theless, these splendid testa of speed and
endurance undoubtedly, tend iqdirtcily
to proauce a one oreea,anaU)atts wortn
taking into account The survival of the
fittest is the law that governs racing
studs; the thought and observation of
clever men are constantly exercised with
a view to preserving excellence and
eliminating defects, so that little by little
we have contrived in the course of a
century to approach equine perfection.
If a twelve stone man were put up on
Bendigothat magnificent animal could
give half a mile start to any Arab steed
that ever was foaled and run away from
the Arab at the finish of a four mile
course. Weight need not be considered,
for if the eastern bred liorse only carried
a postage stamp the result would be
much about the same.
Minting could carry fourteen stone
across a country, while if we come to
mere 6peed there is really no knowing
what horses like Ormonde, Energy,
Prince Charlie and others might have
done had they been pressed. If the
Emir of . Hail were to bring over fifty of
his best mares the Newmarket trainers
could pick oat aftytiysifxom among
their second rate animals, and the worst
of the fillies could distance the best of
tho Arabs on any terms; while, if fifty
heats were run off over any courses from
half a mile to four miles, the English
horses would not lose one. The cham
pion Arab of the world was matched
against one of the worst thoroughbreds
in training; the English "plater" carried
about five stone more than the pride of
the east, and won by a quarter of a mile.
Unconsciously the breeders of racers
have been evolving for us the swiftest,
strongest and most courageous horse
known to the world, and we cannot
afford to neglect that consideration, for
people will not strive after perfection
unless perfection brings profit The
Contemporary Review.
Asiatic Child Wires.
The Indian reformers who have taken
in hand the remarriage of girl widows
find no difficulty in obtaining plenty of
candidates. Where trouble comes in is
as to the disposal of these matrimonially
disposed ladies pending the discovery of
suitable partners. No sooner does a
widow announce her intention of -securing
another husband if she can than she
is disowned by all her kith and kin, cut
by her acquaintances and in some cases
sent adrift to pick up a living for herself.
The reformers feel under an obligation,
therefore, to soften . the severity of the
martyrdom to the best of their ability,
and with that object widow homes have
been established here and there. The
expedient is, perhaps, as good a one as
could be devised, but the managers of
the homes are not to be envied. In order
to carry out the rest of the scheme suit
ors have to be admitted to make choice
among the bereaved beauties, and then,
of course, a certain amount of philan
dering must be allowed to enable the
high contracting parties to come to terms.
All maternal heads of families well
know tliat even when only one affair of
this sort is going on in a household, a
deal of finesse and circumspection of ten
have to be exercised. Dire, then, must
have been the perplexities of the native
matron at the Julpigori home lately,
when twenty-five amorous youths wero
daily courting as many skittish widows.
The bridegrooms expectant actually had
the audacity to apply for lodgings in the
house, but this request was, of course,
sternly refused. Since, however, the
system appears to bring about a consid
erable number of marriages, these little
imperfections in the machinery may be
pardoned. There is no fate more terri
ble than that of the Indian child widow,
doomed to an isolated and hopeless ex
istence while yet in her early teens.
London Globe.
Badly Addicted to the Railroad Pats Habit.
A lobbyist at Springfield, Ills., who
had been a railroad deadhead for' many
years, wascalledtohishome, about forty
miles from Chicago, by a telegram an
nouncing the serious illness of his wife.
When ho reached Chicago it was late in
the evening, and there was but one mora
train to his town that night As he was
waiting for the train time he noticed the
conductor was a new man, whom he did
not know, and then for the first time he
called to mind the fact that he had left
his annual pass ovfcr that road in his room
at Springfield. Approaching tho con
ductor, he introduced himself and told
tho circumstances, said that all the old
conductors knew him, and he never had
to show his pass to them, so he had been
careless about it
"I have no doubt it is all right," said
the conductor, "but I cannot carry you."
"But," said tho gentleman, pleadingly,
"my wife is very ill. I must go home on
thi3 trainr"
"I am sorry," replied the conductor,
"but I cannot carry you."
"Is there anybody around here author
ized to issue a pass? Anybody who can
give me one?"
Tho conductor knew of nobody around
the depot who had that authority.
"Well," said the lobbyist in despair,
"I shall have to drive out there, and I
don't know the road, and it will fcike.me
all night anyway."
Tho conductor was at last touched by
the lobbyist's predicament and said:
"I can't carry you for nothing, but I
will advance the money to you iT
"Thunder and UghtningP exclaimed
tho lobbyist, smiling all over; "I've got
a thousand dollars right here in my pock
et" and ho ran off to buy a ticket
When he came back he 6aid:
"Conductor, if you hadn't mentioned
money I should never have thought of
paying my fare. I had f orgotteen that
I could travel on anything but a pass."
His fare was L10. Washington Post
Oar Weather Casts TJs.
The United States pays $900,000 a year
for its weather service. Great Britain
$80,000, Germany $56,000, Biuaa ,
000, Austria $10,000. Switserland $6,000,
France $60,000. And, though no Euro
pean nation attempts to do as much as
we do, or takes general observ dons
more than once a day, the percentage of
verification of predictions is rising there,
which is hardly the case in this country.'
Our weather service, with it3 great cost
and thorough organiratini;, ought to be
the best in the world. Detroit Free'
Press.
The pastor was a little abstracted while
giving out the notices from the pulpit
and did not observe the smile that psnnrd'
around the congregation like a magio
hat as it were, wbu speaking of
concert for the benefit of the poor fund
he called it "A Charity BawL" Every
body smiled except the fMrtet Bar--riette
in Brooklyn Eagle.
HIST01UC NORWICH TOWN.
A GROUP OF BUILDINGS MORE THAN
TWO CENTURIES OLD.
Sabrtaatlal Dwellings That Were Old
fere tbn Revolution Bense in
Benedict Arnold Learned to Re a Onf
girt John Trott's Cider "FUns."
While there are several neglected and
isolated houses scattered throughout va
rious parts of Connecticut of greater age
than any in Norwich, probably nowhere
else in this country is to be found such a
group of ancient dwellings as that in this
old town. The famous stone house of
Guilford, which was a fortress in Indian
times and the history of which runs back
to 1639, is only twenty years older than
some of this group. They all stand hi
historic Norwich Town, which a cen
tury -or more ago was the town proper,"
and when the present site of the city was
known as "The Landing." Indians held
possession of the river in .those days, and
kept the white settlers away. Here gen
eration after generation of families have
been reared, and the houses "remain now
almost as they did then. The people
here have cared more to keep their pos
sessions intact than to liave modern im
provements, until Norwich is pre-eminently
the banner historical city of New
England.
TUK BUSS MAKSION.
Passing up the two aristocratic thor
oughfares of the city, Broadway and
Washington street, to the "plains" and
out upon the old road, the change is
most remarkable. Fashionable domiciles
give way to ancient looking rookeries,
whose weather beaten sides are marked
with time. The first and most famous
of these old dwellings is tlie Bliss house,
a substantial two story mansion, which
stands squarely on the main road to the
old town. It is the oldest house in New
London cotintv, having been built in
; 1659 by Thomas Bliss, one of the original
settlers of Norwich. It was, without
j doubt, the first dwelling built in eastern
Connecticut The first town clerk bad
his office in this house for years. From
the time of its erection, 280 years ago,
the old house remained in the uninter
rupted ownership of the Bliss family
until a few years ago, when it was sold
to Mr. Angel Stead, the present owner.
A few rods south of this old family
mansion stands another ancient build
ing, an odd. angular, unpointed, gam
brel roofed structure, which is now used
as a dwelling by a very old lady. This
little building was erected long before
tho revolution for the purpose of weav
ing stockings in. The sign which for
years hung over the door represented an
unsymmetrical leg clothed in a gaudy
stocking. But this industry was evi
dently unprofitable, and it was succeeded
by a newspaper, the first in Connecticut
Separated from this building by a har
row lane is the Reynolds homestead, and
above the front door are scrolled the fig
ures 1659, representing the yearin which
it was .built This house has remained
in the Reynolds family since the land
was set aside for them, and is now occu
pied by the family of the late Henry L.
Reynolds.
Diagonally across the street from the
Bliss place, partially hidden by shrubs
and trees, is a brown two story dwelling
known as the Thomas Leffingwell house.
It is fully 200 years old. The old stone
chimney, which is twelve feet square at
its base, and the stones of which were
laid in clay instead of mortar, the ma
terial that is used in the construction of
walls today, still performs its service.
THE OLD DBUa STORE.
Above this place is another but more
unpretentious house, also once the prop
erty of the Lefflngwells. It is, if any
thing, a trifle older than the former and
much smaller. The Lefllngwells were a
big family and very prominent in early
history. CoL Christopher Lemngwell's
massive mansion is next in order. The
colonel was methodically correct, and the
house stands due north and south, one
angle of its frame protruding partially
out into the road. CoL Leffingwell was
the first postmaster of the old town,
operated the first paper mill in eastern
Connecticut, and carried on various other
industries.
These six places are all within a radius
of fifteen rods, while some fifty rods fur
ther on another line of ancient dwellings
is approached. First comes the resi
dence of Mrs. Laura Thurston and Mr.
Henry McNelly, which was the home of
Dr. Joshua Lathrop long before the rev
olution. Directly opposite is the dwell
ing of the family of the late William C.
Gilman, which was occupied by Dr.
Daniel Lathrop at the same time 'that
Joshua occupied the other. These broth
ers kept the first drug store which was
opened between Hartford and Boston.
Their old store was in existence until
two years ago and was popularly known
as the "Benedict Arnold drug store,"
because within it Arnold was trained to
be a druggist Just above these two
places stands an immerse, gambrel
roofed, venerable looking two story
structure which was the residence of
Gen. Jabez Huntington prior to and dur
ing the revolution.
The house is on land that was deeded
to ancestors of Gen. Huntington by the
Indians, and the mansion has been in tho
hands of the Huntington family for two
centuries. The general and all his sons
were prominent in the revolutionary war.
Nearly opposite the Huntington place is
another old house, built for Governor
Bn""" Huntington.
Surrounding Norwich town green is
an endless chain of these venerable man
sions, all 200 or more years old. One of
the most notable is theoldTrott place,
which was occupied by John Trottasa
tavern prior to and during the revolu
tionary war, and where Gens. Washing
ton and Lafayette and others often drank
his famous cider "flips." The Tracy
house, too, is quite conspicuous and quite
well preserved, as are also the Sylvanus
Jonesand the Lathrop places, Cor. New
York Times.
The several thousand non-paying and
half dosen paying subscribers to that
especial journal, The CongreaabnaLRec
ord, now miss its neatly cut and bound
pages from their morning maiL. It is
noteworthy that up to its dying day
The Cofigrfaaopil Record was full of
speeches, some 'of which were "deliv
ered" in senate or house two months
before, and "held for revision." The
veteran statesman nearly always lets
bis remarks go in the manner in which
they are caught by the official stenog
rapher; the amateur statesman not only
wants to revise his speeches, but to read
the proof before The Record is put to
SMuttvcuiiomcateniaajAs at.tfce
ridiculous zeaf displayed by aim-
self when he was a member of the fresh
iaea class in the house. That was just
ty-four years ago. The then Rep-
tative Culloiu had made a big speech
on- the polygamy question, and he
determined to see that speech to press.
At the old Globe oGice he was told the
proof would be ready at 2 o'clock in the
morning. At 2 o'clock he was told he
would liave to wait until 3, and at 3 his
pulse quickened as the proof of his first
congressional speech was placed in his
liaads. He spent a half hour over the
proof and was unable to find any errors,
typographical or others. The foreman
was calling loudly for the proof so the
forms could be put on the press, and the
young congressman was determined to
find an error of some sort to repay him
for his all night vigil Finally, in a
moment of desperation, he struck out a
whole sentence and crawled off to bed.
Rising about noon he eagerly grasped
.'The Globe, and with humiliation disco v-
lihrfel that the only blemish on tho compo-
Buon oi tne speccn was mo unnappy
omission of that sentence, whose ab
sence left a number of other sentences
well nigh meaningless. Since that night
Mr. Cullom has not bothered the govern
ment printer to send him proofs of his
speeches. Walter Wellman.
The Ravages of the Tlcer.
According to the administration re
port of Java recently laid before the
Dutch chambera, portions of that island
are being depopulated through the
tigers. " In 1883, the population of a vil
lage in the southwest of the Bantam
province was removed and transferred to
an island off the coast in consequence of
the trouble caused to the people by
tigers. These animals liave now become
an intolerable pest in parts of the same
province. The total population is about
G00.00O. and in 1887 sixty -ono were killed
by tigers, and in consequence of. the
dread existing among the people, it has
been proposed to deport the inhabitants
of the villages most threatened to other
parts of the country where tigers are not
so common, and where they can pursue
their agricultural occupations with a
greater degree of safety.
At present they fear to go anywhere
near the borders of the forest Tho peo
ple at present seem disinclined, or they
lack the means and courage, to attack
and destroy their enemy, although con
siderable rewards are offered by the gov
ernment for the destruction of beasts of
prey. In 1888 the reward for killing a
royal tiger was raised to 200 florins. It
appears also that the immunity of the
tiger is in part due to superstition, for it
is considered wrong to kill one unless he
attacks first or otherwise does injury.
Moreover, guns were always very rare
in this particular district and, since a
rising a few years ago, have been taken
away by the authorities altogether. Ex
change. Clethiac a Ship In SteeL
Two or three months or less after the
completion of the fairing the ship is
probably in frame and looks like the
skeleton of some Brobdignagian mon
ster that has stranded on the bank of
the river. The ribs have been hoisted
into position at right angles with the
keel, and strung together by rib bands,
and already there are signs of the coming
subdivision by decks and bulkheads of
the hollow space within. Tou can still
see through her, however; she is like, to
make yet another comparison, a great
oblong wicker basket, the supple willows
being represented by the network of
steel. The next step is the clothing of
ribs with plates.
As they reach the yard the plates ore
square and fiat, but they are passed
through rollers of various kinds, from
which they issue in any shape desired
hollowed like a spoon, curved length
wise or breadthwise or diagonally, as
the contour of the ship may call for. A
steam or hydraulic plane smooths them
down as though they were the softest of
white wood; another machine trims the
edges as easily as a woman cuts silk with
a pair of scissors. Then, suspended by
iron chains, they are thrust between the
jaws of a punching machine, which has
resemblance to a sinister human face
with a flat nose, a long upper lip and a
small chin. The jaws close upon them
and bite out, ten at a time, the holes for
the rivets by which they are to be fas
tened to the frame. Scribner's.
Western Wools.
Western wools, according to Western J
Rural, grow in popularity. There is not
such immense profit in wool growing in ;
Washington and Montana territories as
there once was, because the flocks require
more care, but with that care comes a j
much better quality of wool and higher j
prices. Montana wool ranks very much '
higher than it used to, and Montana is a '
great sheep country. The increase of
sheep in the territory has been steady
right along and the number will continue
to increase because the conditions of sheep
raising and wool growing are so favor
able If wool growing could be con
ducted in the haphazard way in which
it wonce done in the territories more
money could be made for a' time, but in
the long run better wool will bring the
most profit As land grows more valu- I
able in the new sections, of course there
is less profit in wool. At present in this
country the greatest profits from wool
growing are made in Texas and the ter
ritories; and though the profits will grow
somewhat kss, the territories will always
be splendid sheo sections.
Systematic planting on a national
scale must wait, and will be sure to wait
until the little remnant of our forests
shall be administered economically, and
at such a profit on costs of exportation
as will justify the outlay required to
cover costs of replanting, but meantime
millions. of acres of denuded forest land
may be preserved from the destruction
of its soil by fire, or its erosion by water,
for the trifling cost of collecting and
scattering the seed over their surface.
The winds and the birds annually redeem
thousands of acres in this way, and we
need only open our eyes to the import
ance of their labors to realise Bow much
may be done in the same way by systemat
ic, intelligent effort Forest and Stream.
A young lady broke off her engage
ment with a suitor when a wealthier lover
appeared upon the scene. She wrote to
her old lover requesting him to return
her photograph. Here was a chance for
revenge, which he took by sending her
the following note: "I would gladly com
ply with y our request, but if I do it will
spoil my euchre deck. I liave a -oilec-tioii
of ph tographs which I use for play
ing ci.rds. and I do not want to break it
by git'iu:; away the queen of duniouds.
Wavsrl:y Magazine.
THE WESTERN MULE.
PECULIARITIES OF THE BURRO USED
IN THE MOUNTAINS.
Haw They Are Broken to Pack Carry
ing Strange lamination far Horses In
teresting, Amasing and Aggravating
Characteristic.
"A man who has roughed it out
among the mountains," it was said at a
Broadway sales stable the other day,
"remembers the mules about as well and
as long as anything."
It is just about at this time, the speak
er told, when asked why the mind should
be particularly impressed by the familiar
quadruped, that.a good many are round
ed up for the summer's work after being
turned out all winter. As natural to ex
pect, a mule tliat has had no restraint
for several months is inclined to show
the worst, side when the hand of a would
be master begins to be felt. A drove of
100 or so in a corral fresh from the plains
will carry just about as much downright
"cussedness" as can be found in any
brute collection under the sun. The first
thing is to have them shod. Such a
thing as one of them consenting to the
job is unknown, but frontier blacksmiths
have no fear or hesitation, and in a trice
the mule is tied up and ironed.
The pack mules are smaller and in
ferior in every way to the riding mule,
except in toughness and rascality. Like
Joey Bagstock, the packers are sly.
Most of them are shed by Indian ponies
jnd are born on the open plains. A
wild horse is gentleness itself beside
them, but as they are usually used for
carrying packs their wickedness does
not so much matter.
;PACKINU THE C1UTTEB."
The first time the pack saddles are put
on a young mute the excitement sur
passes description. The gtveu beast,
strong and wiry, is lassoed and led into
a small open space. Before he knows
what it is all about a noose of the lariat
around his neck is slipped over his nose;
this gives him a shock, as it were, and
he makes a start for liberty. But the
more he pulls the tighter the pinch on
his nose, so he finally gives it up and
stands still.
More ropes are brought into use, and
he is finally brought to have a leather
binder put over his eyes. The next step
is to put the pack Kiddle oil The great
kicking is done when the crupper is
slipped under the tail. Words cannot
tell the way that mule's heels flash
through the air in all directions. But
strategy wins and mules do tire. The
pulling up of the "sinch," as the girth is
called, brings out a new struggle, but it
is soon over and to an extent the mule is
conquered.
Mules always like company, and work
especially well with a horse. With a
horse on the lead they will follow steadi
ly, and keep in the horse's company at
night without attempt to wander away.
They will even fight among themselves
to get near a horse. At night the mules
submit without moving a muscle to hav
ing the packs removed. A good roll on
the grass is the first thing when relieved,
and then they go to earing. At any hour
of the night, if they are looked at, their
noses will be seen on the ground, with
their jaws industriously in motion.
"Packing" a saddle is an art in itself.
In former years the Mexican sawbuck
saddle was used. This invariably cut
and cliafed the mule's back; but now
the California stuffed aparejo is the
thing. This is fastened by two men, ono
on either side, who brace themselves
with one foot against the mule's ribs and
pull on the lash rope with all their might.
The load is balanced properly, and the
lash rope twisted and looped in a sort of
network. When all is ready for the final
tightening the men "give it to her." The
poor mule actually groans under the
pressure, but even under this tightest of
tying the loads quite frequently slip out
of place.
A CONTINUAL REVELATION.
The mountain mule is a continual
revelation. New phases of character are
continually unfolding in the most posi
tive manner. One, for instance, will be
amiable and pleasant until led up to be
saddled, when all at once he fil appar
ently be possessed of the evil spirit itself.
Another will resist all attempts to saddle
and pack until the others have been
attended to, when he will be as docile as
could be wished for. Another, perhaps
used for riding, will not let a match be
lighted by any one on his back without
an outbreak, but will not object to smok
ing. Some will wade through a stream
without hesitation, and another will
vigorously object to wetting his feet
When in the water, if one falls down
and any water gets into his big ears, he
will lie and drown without a struggle.
They are very private and particular
about their ears, objecting to liaving
them handled.
It is not easy to gain a mule's confi
dence. They are absurdly timid, and if
one of a drove is scared the rest are also
panic stricken. An old black log always
makes a mule shy. Snakes terrify and
bears paralyze them. On the plains no
spurring or whipping can drive a mule
up to an Indian. Take a number of
mules and throw their reins over some
of the others' ears and they will stand
all day in the belief that they are se
curely tied. St Louis Globe-Democrat
MAKE-BEUEVE DIAMONDS.
The Way French Pasta Is Made
Bhamssed OTas the Real Article.
The formula for compounding French
paste, which is a peculiar kind of glass
perfected in Paris by Donault-Wieland,
is as follows: Rock crystal, six ounces;
red lead, nine and a quarter ounces; pure
carbonate of potash, three ounces and
three drachms; boracic acid, three
drachms; white arsenic, six grains.
When fused, thoroughly interblended,
cooled, cut and polished, in diamond
forms, it takes a good expert to tell the
gems so made from the real ones. The
more oxide of lead is added, np to a cer
tain point, the greater is the resultant
brilliancy, but the softer the glass and
consequently the less permanency to its
effect
Persons of means invest in bogus gems
for various reasons. One does not care
to keep locked up in mere ornament the
large amount of money that would be
required to purchase diamonds in such
size and number as society might expect
him or her to have, so a few ally fine
stones are purchased for habitual wear,
to challenge criticism, and a brilliant ar
ray of "French pastes" is provided for
show upon occasions when big display is
expected and there will be no danger" of
close critical insneetkn. The few resj
stones nave maae a reputation that
covers the others. Who is going to eae
pect a very rich man or woman say one
of the "400" of wearing bogus
And yet the very rich are just the
who do wear them most Another
son in society may be the actual owner
of a fine lot of family diamonds, which
are temporarily in pledge, a fact that
must not bo suspected by others, and wfll
not, so long as "French paste" can show
its honest glitter in the seeming likeness
of the hypothecated treasures. Still
another may own plenty of diamonds
and actually have them in possession
too, yet be too prudent to expose thesate
the danger of loss or theft in a mixed
multitude, so long as all the effect of
their splendor may be produced at much
less risk.
Rubies and sapphires are even more
successfully imitated than diamonds.
The imitations of themactually possess
the same chemical composition as the
real stones. Equal quantities of alnwhua
and red lend are heated- to a red heatin.
an ' earthenware crucible. A vitreous
substanco is formed, which consists of
silicate of lead and crystal of white
corundum. These are fused with bi
chromate of potassium to form tho ruby,
or with a little oxide of cobalt and a very
small quantity of bichromate of potas
sium to make the sapphire. The gems
so made are expensive, but much less so
than tho real Htones. and are very hard,
with fine luster and excellent color, if
the proportions of the materials are ex
actly right Emeralds, topazes, garnets
and various other more or less valuable
gems are well imitated in glass colored
with different silicates and oxides. Sham
pearls are also so well made tliat, when
properly set, they cannot be distinguished
from genuine ones. They are simply
beads of clear glass coated inside with a
lustrous solution obtained from the scales
of somesmall fishes bleak and dace. It
takes the scales of 40,000 of the fishes to
make two jound:J of tho solution, which
is called ' Essence d'Orient" The imita
tion pearls are more durable than the
real ones, which aro liable to bo injured
by perspiration or various other incidents
of wear. Philadelphia Times.
Transforming n Dance.
The teacher who can extract an an
swer from a dullard and draw a dolt
from the dunce's block into the scholar's
seat has the rarest gift for his vocation.
Mr. J. T. Trowbridge, in an essay on
"The American Boy," published in The
North American Review, tells tho story
of a schoolmistress success in drawing
out the latent genius of an intractable
pupil.
Nobody had been able to do anything
with him. Punishment had no effect;
appeals to his pride and notes to his
mother were unavailing. The teacher
studied the boy, watching him closely
that she might find tho key to his char
acter. One day she saw him catch a fly. His
dull countenance lighted up, while with
the keenest interest he for fifteen min
utes examined the insect The teacher
had discovered one road to the boy's
mind.
"Boys," said she not longafter, "what
can you tell me about flies?
The brightest boys could tell very lit
tle. Then she turned to the dolt, and
saw that, for tho first time, his enthusi
asm was kindled by something going on
in school. He forgot his indifference,
and became eloquent in describing the
wings, feet, eyes, head and habits of the
fly. Both teacher and scholars were
astonished.
The teacher saw the bent of his genius
and put books of natural history into his
hands. Tlien she led him by degrees to
see the necessity of preparing himself
for his favorite pursuit by learning some
thing of grammar, geography and mathe
matics. The dunce of the school be
came one of the best scholars, and in
later years an eminent naturalist
Hag Breeding.
Some rather startling computations
have been mado on the subject of hog
breeding. It lias been found that, if per
mitted, hogs will live from fifteen to
twenty years of age, that they com
mence breeding- when they are from
nine to twelve months old, and that from
one pair only in tea years, allowing only
six to a litter, male aud female, upward
of 6,431,838 pigs would be obatined;
that is to say that. if. instead of three
acres and a cow, a countryman started
with some acres and a pair of pigs, he
might in the course of ten years count
their progeny by millions. This is not
reckoning on any out-of-the-way basis,
for it has been shown that one sow
actually produced S55 pigs iu twenty lit
ters; while at an exhibition of the Agri
cultural society a boar was shown which.
although only twenty months old, was
already the father of 1.4CC hogs. Here
then is wealth for the million. San
Francisco ArjjonaiU.
Safe Weather Indicators.
"When you wish to know what the
weather is going to be, go out and select
the smallest cloud you see. Keep your
eye on it, and if it decreases and disap
pears it shows a state of the air that is
sure to be followed by fine weather: but
if it increases take your overcoat with
you if you're goiug away from home, tot
falling weather is not far off." The rea
son is this: When the air is becoming
charged with electricity you will see
every cloud attracting all lesser ones
toward it until it gathers into a shower,
and, on the contrary, when the fluid is
passing off or diffusing itself, then a
large cloud will be seen breaking into
pieces and dissolving. New York Tele
gram. CUaas Galore.
Great is the slaughter of clams along
the coast in Knox and Lincoln counties.
Men dig them for bait to sell to fishing
vessels and for the canning factories at a
rate which one would think would soon
exhaust the beds. At Friendship they
sell the bivalves by the hundred barrels.
Employment is furnished to a large
number of men and boya, who are paid
twenty-five cents a bushel. Lewiston
Journal.
Average Aire or a iiorsc.
According to The Field, tho possible
length of the life of a horse is far beyond
tlse average duration of it A horse 15
yean old is usually accounted of little
value, and, as a rule, it would be diffi
cult to give away the survivor of 18 or
10 years. But a horse's useful life ex
tends to 10 or 40 years, and if the animal
is used with care it may do valuable
service during all this long term. It may
be noticed that all the recorded instances
of the death of very aged horses go to
show that their lives were shortened by
some mischance, and not by old age. I
Naw. York TeJasasn. i
National Bank!
-HABAM--
Atrtkffizt'J Capitol of $250,000,
Savflae Una say sank this pert of
UMotMOV
taVDeposite received sad istswat paid on
tin deposits.
OrOiafts oa the nriae ipal cities in tfcJe
try sad Earope aoagat as
arCoUseueaa and aU ether
raeptaadi
STOCXBOLBKBS.
A ANDERSON. Prest.
J. H. GALLEY, Vice Pmst
O.T.ftWl.Csaluer
O. ANDERSON, P. AND13HOK.
JACOB URK18EN. UKNKYRAOATZ.
JOHNJ.hULLlVAN. J. O. KXKDKR.
AnraVamf
gasuussfgris.
T N.K1UAIV,
DEUTCHER ADVOKAT,
Ofice over ColBjabas State Bank. Colaishns,
Nebraska. aj
RICHARD CUNNINGHAM.
AMerney sua CsnHMHer at Law.
e
Office la Commercial Bank BaUdiag Cotaa.
baa. Neb. All legal hnsiasas proeutbr. ec
cnrately and carefully attended to. uaag-f
oulsLivah i
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
Office over First National Bank, Cohmbaa.
Nebraska. afttf
J.
M. MACFABlVAIVaK
ATTOJtSEY d SOTARY PUBLIC.
awaw v?u w.rAKA, ni ,
bas. Nebraska.
JOHN EUSMSn,
COUNTY SURVEYOR.
CsfFsrUea deefriag rarveriag done can an
tejif t1. Nfci or call at my office
la Loart Hoaea. SmaytA-y
L
CO. SUP'T PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
JjJiS.beiaB,jr?Sc.ia ,h CoB Hoase.tae
third Saturday of each month t or the ezaauaa-
tion of applicant for teachers' certincatea. and
latSf0 ot(tr school basksess?
J . CojfMiUN,
DRAY and EXPRESSMAN.
Light aad heavy haaliaav . Goods needled with .
.Telephone. SaudS. 22aMj8stf
FADBLK & BRADHHAW.
(Successors to Fanble r Butkell),
BRICK MAKERS!
Contractors aad builders will and oar
brick Bret-cIaMt and offered at reasonable rates.
We are also prepared to du all kinds of brick
work- WmaySm
Jf . X. TD1IEI et CO.,
Proprietors aad Publishers of the
CCWsiro JOUMfAl Ml tat ttM. TAaUT JTOUTAt, '
Fotli. post-paid to bay address, for LM a year
"irictly ia advance. KajulT! JocaNAJL. $$ a
year.
W. A. MCALLISTER. W.M.CORNELIUS
JJcALMMXKM dc KlEUlIg
attorneys' at law.
Colambas, Neb.
cw?k Pin,wr Eras ASehwaw's store oa
Eleventh ntreet. MeaawtM
JOHN G. HIGGIN8. V. J. HARLOW.
HIGGlVSftGAlLOir,
ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW,
Specialty made of Collections by C. J. Garlow.
M-m
RCBOYD, -
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Til aid Sheet-Irti Ware!
Jeb-Werk.
wittcr
i!
r-8hon oa Mth street, Krsase Brc'e old
tlaad on Thirteenth street - "",""
A STRAY LEAF!
DIARY.
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