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VOL. XLX.-NO. 19.
COLTJMBTJS, NEB. WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 29, 1888.
WHOLE NO. 955.
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PBsBHasgriRjfMgireBBj
THE PROTECTIVE TARIFF.
WHAT IT DOES FOR THE AMERICAN
CARPENTER AND SHOEMAKER.
It Gives Tbeui Good Food, Good Houses,
Good Clothes and an Education for
Their Children Compared with Free
Trade.
I was wondering, writes T. S. Brown, of
Bellefontaine, O., how I could bring to
gether the figures so as to show the con
nection between the tariff, the wages of
labor and the education of the laboring
classes or wage workers in order to com
plete and round up the argument for pro
tection, when I chanced to hear the fol
lowing conversation between a carpenter
and a shoemaker, which seemed to illus
trate my point so well I did not look fur
ther but took it down.
"Good morning, neighbor Smith, why
so contemplative? What has thrown you
into such an abstraction so early in the
morning?"
Smith Ah! Good morning, Jones.
Glad to see you. I havo been trying to
do a little example in percentage and
profits, and the figures bothered me. You
read Tho Cincinnati Enquirer, don't you?
Jones Certainly I do. An excellent
paper: always right on all great ques
tions. Yes, yes; a good paper.
Smith Then perhaps you read Mr.
Taylor's "Tariff Lesson" in Saturday's
paper, July 28?
Jones Yes, indeed; a very able article.
Mr. Taylor is a very able writer and
makes a very fair presentation of the
question. His definition of a tariff is so
explicit, so entirely correct.
Smith Yes, I understand a tariff is a
kind of indirect taxation; "the levying
and collection of taxes by an indirect
method." But without the tariff how
would ho collect tho money necessary for
the expenses of tho government?
Jones Why, by direct taxation of
course. Direct taxation, you know, is so
much more dirqet. Everybody knows
then just what they havo to pay. And
all history shows that direct taxes are so
much moro easily collected than any other.
It brings tho government into direct con
tact with the people. And tho people liko
so well to seo the government officials
coming round to collect tho tax.
Smith That may all be so, but I don't
sec but that it is easier to pay it along
through tho year on what you consume,
and according to what you consume, than
to pay it all at once on wliat you produce
and out of what you produced However,
that is not what bothers me. Tho figures
hi Mr. Taylor's illustration I cannot get
straight, quite his 57.5 cents and 10 per
cent, and 5 per cent, and 84 cents and 8.4
cants. May bo you can explain it so I can
understand it.
Jones Why, yes, certainly. His figures
are perfectly plain. What he means to
say is that a yard of cloth for which,
under- tho operation of tho tariff, you
havo to pay 1.20.7, if thero were no tariff
you would havo to pay but 71.9 cents for.
Smith How's that? A yard of cloth
would cost mo 71.9 cents without a tariff
whllo with a tariff I havo to pay $1.20.7
for it?
Jones That is Mr. Taylor's calculation,
and without doubt his figures are cor
rect. Smith Then the tariff adds about CG
per cent, to tho cost of a yard of cloth?
Jones That is it exactly, as at present
constituted.
Smith Such an iniquitous institution,
adding CG per cent, to the cost of a yard of
cloth and likewise to the cost of all other
articles of consumption which enter into
the necessary living expenses of the labor
ing man, is that not so?
Jones It is only too true.
Smith Then why is it kept up? Why
does anybody argue in favor of it?
Jones It is kept up for tho benefit of
the rich, "for tho purpose of giving a
limited class an advantage for which the
masses pay." Tho argument is kept up
"to deceive, dcludo and mislead unthink
ing people. Simply that and nothing
moro."
Smith Do the workingmen generally
understand this thing?
Jones No, they do not. Pity to relate,
they do not.
Smith Then this "Tariff Lesson" of
Mr. Taylor "ought to bo spread over the
whole country, placed in the hands of
every laborer, mechanic and farmer, and
it will enlighten and explode the argu
ment produced in favor of the unjust and
iniquitous high tariff."
Jones Just so. That is just what
ought to bo done.
Smith Tho laboring man, too, is mud.
better off in a country where they havo
free trade than whero they have a tariff?
Jones Very much better off. He can
buy so much cheaper. Provisions are
cheaper, clothing is cheaper, groceries are
cheaper, rents aro cheaper, everything is
cheaper.
Smith England is a free trade country,
I believe.
Jones Approximately so, yes. At least
she believes in free trade for other coun
tries, o
Smith Then the condition of the labor
ing man hi England must be much better
than it is hero.
Jones Far better. Yes, indeedl Liv
ing is so much cheaper. All articles of
consumption are much cheaper than they
aro here.
Smith Have you any means of telling
what the difference in living expense is;
how much better off the English work
men aro than we are?
Jones OhI yes. I had almost forgot
ten. I havo some statistics that I just
got yesterday that will tell us all about it
and just what the difference is.
Smith Axe they reliable or aro they
gotten up for campaign purposes?
Jones Oh! they are strictly reliable.
They are from the labor bureau at Wash
ington and from the reports of tho com
missioner of labor of Massachusetts.
Smith Ah! that is good. Now let us
see how they compare.
Jones Yes; well, let's find a case un
der circumstances similar to our own as
near as we can, eo that the comparison
will bo a just one. Yes, here we have it:
A carpenter, with a family of six him
self and wife and four children. That's
Jon exactly. You are a carpenter and
ave your wife and four children besides
yourself to keep.
Smith Yes, that's it; now let's see how
they manage. What kind of a house does
he live in?
Jones A cottage with four rooms, foz
which he pays $62.40 rent.
SmithWell, my house has five rooms,
but I havo to pay 2150 a year for it.
Thero is one gain for him anyhow.
Jones Certainly; you will find a gain
all the way through. Just see: The Eng
lish carpenter pays for groceries $149;
for meat, including fish, $50; for milk,
$1G; for fuel, $17; for clothing, including
dry goods, $60; for boots and shoes, $12,
and incidental expenses, including beet
said tobacco. $42.60.
Smith Well, well! How cheap they
can live. The tariff is a fraud. Why,
my groceries cost me every year $225;
my meat, including fish, $100; milk, $26;
fuel, $35; clothing, including dry goods,
$114; boots and shoes, $30, and incidental
expenses, $106. Again, I say the old
tariff is an iniquitous, confounded fraud.
But yon are a shoemaker, Jones; how is
it with them in the land of free trade?
Jone Very much the same as with the
carpenter. Here is one in London has a
wife and four children, making same in
family that I have exactly. They oc
cupy four rooms in tenement house, for
which they pay $75 per year. .They pay
foe Groceries. tl45: .for. meat.. t5Qifor
mtiCTJlC; lor filer; SIC; Tor" clothing, "foO;
for boots and shoes, $15, and have left
for incidentals $13.60.
Smith Well, welll He lives somewhat
cheaper than the carpenter.
Jones Yes. by nearly $40. Couldn't
we mako money if wo could live as cheaply
as that?
Smith As we could, I suppose, if it
was not for that tariff. Your expenses,
I should judge, are very much the same
as mine.
Jones Yes, very much the same. I
have a house of five rooms, for which I
pay $150. I pay for groceries $200; for
meat. $100; for milk, $20; for fuel, $35;
for clothing, $100; for boots and shoes,
$25, and for incidentals, $92. You seo
this tariff, with its high prices, robs mo
of about the same it does you.
Smith Let mo see, groceries are about
the same price there that they aro here?
Jones Not much. Everything is higher
here. Groceries, on an average, are 16
per cent, higher here.
Smith Sixteen per cent, higher! Well,
well, let's see how much moro groceries
they uso than we do. You aro good at
figures.
Jones Very good. The English carpen
ter and shoemaker spend about tho same
for groceries $145. To buy the same
amount hero wo must add 16 per cent, to
145. which makes $168.20, which we
must pay for the same amount of grocer
ies. I pay $200 for my groceries and you
225 for yours; $200 from $168.20 leaves
leaves Gad, Smith, there's something
wrong hero somewhere.
Smith Eh! what's the matter? I
thought you wero good at figures. Can't
you Hud tho diffcrenco between $200 and
$168.20?
Jones Oh! Yes, hero it is: $1C8.20
from $200 leaves $31.80, and from $225
leaves $50.80. That's it. You buy $56.80
more groceries than the English carpen
ter, and I buy $31.80 more than the
English shoemaker.
Smith What! notwithstanding the
higher price we have to pay hero?
Jones Yes, that's it, I guess. But
hero, we will havo them on this. Fuel is
105 per cent, higher hero than it is there.
Tho English carpenter pays $17 for his
fuel. The same amount of fuel would
cost you let mo see $34.85. You buy
nearly a bushel moro coal than he does,
after all. While I let me see to $15
add 105 per cent., gives $30.75. Whew!
I buy $4.25 moro coal than tho English
shoemaker oven at that higher rate.
Strange, isn't it?
Smith It does seem a little strange.
But let's try some other of the items
clothing, for instance.
Jones Very well. The estimates pre
pared from the statistics give clothing as
45 per cent, higher here than in England.
Mr. Taylor gives it as 60 per cent, higher
than it would bo if thero were no tariff.
We will tako Mr. Taylor's figures. The
English shoemaker pays $50 and tho Eng
lish carpenter $60 for clothing for their
families. Fifty dollars plus 60 per cent,
gives $83 I should have to pay for the
same amount and quality of clothing.
Sixty dollars plus 6G per cent, gives $99.60
you would havo to pay for the same
amount and quality of clothing the Eng
lish carpenter buys.
Smith But you buy $100 worth and I
buy $114.
Jones Yes, there is certainly that dif
ference in our favor either in quantity or
quality, or both.
Smith So the difference is really in our
favor even with cloth at $1.20.7 pc- yard
which Mr. Taylor thinks such an enormity.
Jones That is certainly true as appears
from the statistics.
Smith Well now, about rents; how do
they compare?
Jones Rents aro about 89 per cent,
higher with us. But there is no doubt we
have better houses, larger rooms, more
room and more fresh air than they have.
The English shoemaker pays $75 per year
rent. 89 per cent, added to this gives
$141.75. I should havo to pay hero for
similar accommodations. But there is no
doubt the rooms or houso I would get for
that money would bo pleasantcr, larger,
moro comfortable and more desirable than
that occupied by tho English shoemaker.
Smith There is another item, provis
ions, especially meat; wo hear so much
about it, that those foreigners get little
or no meat from one week's end to an
other. Do your statistics show anvthing
about that?
Jones Oh, yes, they show that provis
ions, which include meats of all kinds, as
beef, mutton, pork, veal, .ard, butter,
cheese, milk, eggs, fish and tbe like are
23 per cent, higher to the British work
man than they are here.
Smith Twenty-three per cent, higher!
Well, that's considerable,
Jones Yes, it amounts to this: the
English carpenter and shoemaker pay
each $50 for meat. Wo could get the
samo amount of meat for $40.65. But
we uso each $100 worth of meat a year,
which amount would cost them $123.
nence it appears that we use moro than
three tunes the meat they do. And with
out doubt wo use a far better quality of
meat, for, with the small amount they
use, they must get the cheaper grades,
which are always of poor quality.
Smith Will, that Is a snowing on our
side decidedly. But say, can you tell me
how it is that when we pay so much higher
prices, we can, notwithstanding, buy so
much more than they can?
Jones I don't know. Let's see. Maybe
we can find something about it here.
How much do you get a week for your
work?
Smith Fifteen dollars per week.
Jones Fifteen dollars per week; that
is $780 per year. Oh, yes, here I see the
carpenter in England gets $8 per -week,
or $416 per year; a difference of $364.
Smith Quite a considerable difference.
Jones I should say so. As much as
somo of them over there have to live on
the whole vear. The shoemaker there
gets $7.30 per week or $379.60 for his
year's work, while I get $14 per .week or
$728 per year, a difference of $348.40. I
get nearly twice as much as he does.
Smith But does not the tariff have
anything to do with our getting these
higher wages? And if so, what and
how?
Jones Well, I don't know. I rather
suspect it does In this way: If it were
not for tho tariff the things they make,
the product of their cheaper labor, would
be brought in here and sold at just that
much lower price than the things w
make, the products of our later, in a
word they would undersell us or drive us
out of the market altogether.
Smith And what would become of us?
What would we do in that event?
Jones Work for lower wages, some
thing like the wages they get or lower, or
else quit and starve.
Smith You think then that a tariff, a
protective tariff has the effect to keep
wages at their present rates, giving to
the laborer larger purchasing power, not
withstanding the higher prices he must
pay, than has his brother workman in
England?
Jones I think from the statistics that
it is undeniable that that is the effect of
a protective tariff.
Smith The tariff is not such -.. ini
quitous institution, after alL
Jones No. It looks very much as if it
were a very necessary institution to the
laboring man and the man who works for
wages.
Smith And how about Mr. Taylor and
his little " Tariff Lesson r
Jones Oh. Taylor is a very able man,
a very perspicuous writer, bnt he only
gave half the lesson.
Smith There is one other point I no
ticed hi making our Tnpanffo"" The
English laborer after paying living ex
penses has not enough left for his inci
dental prrranspg; aftetDavJnicior bis.bear
and toBacco,. to se'nn his conaren to
school.
Jones Yes; I noticed that, too. I pay
about $75, at least, out of my incidental
expenses every year to keep my children
at school.
Smith That is just about what it costs
me. I want to give my children a good
education. It is about all I ever can give
them, but with our public schools as they
are I think with my present wages I can
manage to do it.
Jones Yes, if they will just let the
tariff alone, and not adjust it so as to cut
our wages down to the English standard,
I think we can manage it without diffi
culty. Smith The education of our children,
then, depends on tho protective tariff?
Jones That proposition, I think, is
also undeniable. While through the in
fluence of a protective tariff our wages
aro maintained at their present standard,
we shall bo able to educate our children,
but when this protection is removed, either
by abolishing tho tariff or adjusting it to
a revenue basis, our wages shall bo cut
down to the English standard, then we
shall not be able, not having the means, to
educate our children, and a sorry day it
will bo for both us and our children.
DEMOCRATIC PATRIOTISM.
It
Is of a Very Peculiar Kind Some
Notable Examples.
One at the most important duties of
genuine patriotism is to put one's country
in a proper attitude to repel domestic dis
turbance or foreign invasion in case either
shall arise. To prepare for war in time
of peace has been long considered a duty
which any party in power owes to tho
nation. The Democratic party constantly
threw obstacles in tho way of appropria
tions for harbor defense, navy construc
tion and tho like when it was in a minor
ity, but promised that, if it were put in
power, it would expend tho surplus reve
nue wisely and prudently for tho pur
poses so strongly urged by Mr. Tilden.
But now that it is in power what does it
do? Let its action on the fortifications
bill bear witness.
Townshend, of Illinois, one of tho six
Democrats from that state, led tho Con
federate forces against tho senato amend
ments. He moved to non-concur in tho
amendment providing for tho establish
ment of a gun factory and for the pur
chase of steel, and his motion was agreed
to. This was supplemented by other
Democratic objections, and the conse
quence was that, so far as tho houso was
concerned, very little was left of tho lie
publican plan for providing guns and
fortifications for tho defenso of tho
country.
Without looking the matter up, it
would bo safe to wager either that Town
shend is a free trader and advocates buy
ing guns'and munitions of war from Eng
land or Germany, or that ho belongs to
tho samo school as Senator Cockrell, of
Missouri, who sees no uso in guns or forts
or navies, and who thinks tho United
States ought to get down and crawl rather
than fight, no matter what may be tho
provocation. Peace and economy aro both
very desirable, but each may bo purchased
too dearly. San Francisco "Chronicle.
Tliey Have Toothing to nntnuse Over.
That excellent Democratic authority
Tho Boston Herald asserts that tho samo
indifferenco among tho party leaders
which Tho New Haven Register pointed
out as the chief characteristic of tho cam
paign In Connecticut prevails also in
Massachusetts. "There are no indications
of any activity, pernicious or otherwise,
in this quarter," says Tho Herald. Demo
cratic enthusiasm does seem to bo pain
fully scarco this year, and no mistake.
Immediately after tho nominations it was
put on tho free list and imported in large
quantities from England, but when our
kin beyond tho sea discovered that they
were in danger of not getting paid for
their goods by tho election of their favor
ite candidate they suddenly becaino chary
of supplying tho demand froni this coun
try. Tho bandanna is no longer in
fectious, and altogether tho outlook for
"reform" is rather dismal. New York
Tribune
Sugar Tariff Versus That on Salt.
Tho duty on salt, which does not cost a
family a dollar a year, oven if it bo admit
ted that tho consumer pays any part of
the duty at all, is held up by free traders
as a terriblo outrago, but they havo
nothing to say against tho duty on sugar,
which costs a family $15 to $20 a year.
This is a specimen of the consistency of
American free traders. But what do they
care for consistency? Thoy aro ready at
any time to throw consistency and princi
ple to tho dogs for tho sake of political
power. The Mills bill is being shaped for
this very purpose, and for no other. It is
reeking with rottenness, and no man can
touch it and havo clean hands. No man
who has not been accustomed to living in
a foul atmosphcro can approach it without
holding his nose. The American People
Democratic Interference with Matis.
Another incident is reported of inter
ference with tho mails for campaign pur
poses by Democratic postmasters. One
in East Tennessee refuses to handle the
speeches sent out by Congressman Houck
to his constituents. Ho knows Houck to
be a Republican, of tho most anti-Mills
bill order, and is no doubt sincere in his
desire to suppress the heterodoxdoctrines
contained in thoso speeches. The office of
postmaster under a Democratic adminis
tration may bo a trust to bo administered
in the interests of tho Democratic party.
If so, and that trust is now to be enforced,
it will bo necessary for Republicans to
use tho express to distributive points and
employ colporteurs for tho remainder of
the work. Cincinnati Commercial Ga
zette. James G. Blaine's Record.
Born Washington county, Pa., Jan. 81,
1830.
Graduated from Washington and Jeffer
son college, aged 17.
Went to Maine 1853.
In the Maine legislature 1858-1863, be
ing speaker the last two years.
In 1802 said: The great object with us
all is to subdue the rebellion.
Perish all things else, the national lifo
must bo saved.
In congress 1863-75 (twelve years).
Speaker of the house 1869-75.
United States senator 1876-81.
Secretary of state 1881.
Nominated for the presidency June 6,
1884. Albany Journal.
Tariff and the JUabor Troubles.
Some Democratic newspapers and polit
ical agitators who talk at random and
merely for effect, without endeavoring to
substantiate their statements, have as
serted that the protective system of this
country was the primary cause of strikes
and labor troubles. They declare that
with free trade these disturbances will
cease. Why is it, then, that tho card
room hands of an English firm have
threatened to strike unless then wages
are advanced 10 per cent., thereby throw
bag 80,000 people out of employment?
Cleveland Leader.
Syrnp of Pips
Is Nature's own true laxative. It is the
most easily taken, and the most effective
remedy known to Cleanse the System
when Bilions or Costive; to dispel Head
aches, Colds and Fevers; to cure Ilabit
ual Constipation, Indigestion, riles, etc.
Manufactured only by the California Fig
Syrup Company, San Francisco, Cal. For
sale only by Dowty & Beeher. 27-y
SCANT PROTECTION.
Jljug Master Thurman It's no use, Mr.
Lie v eland; tho bandanna won't begin to
cover the brands. Time.
THURMAN'S RECORD.
Carrying Comfort to Rebel
Prisoners.
His War Speechta.
Ono of Denver's most substantial citi
zens, aud an able lawyer, is tho Hon. Lu
cius P. Marsh, formerly district judge of
tho Eighth Judicial district of Ohio. This
district during tho war was the home of
Judge Marsh, and also of Allen G. Thur
man, Democratic nominee for the vice
presidency, and Columbus, tho capital,
was tho headquarters. In and about this
city lived and thrived hordes of tho most
dangerous copperheads and southern sym
pathizers that over existed.
It was during the Hottest days of the
rebellion that Judge Marsh kuew Thur
man most intimately, and tho ex-Buckeye
was not averse to speaking his mind to a
reporter of Tho Times today.
"I don't think tho Democrats could
have nominated a moro unpopular man,"
began Judge Marsh; "not only is ho un
popular with tho Republicans, bnt in his
own party ho has mado lasting enemies
During tho war ho was known as an ar
rant Copperhead, the leader of tho south
ern sympathizers, who mado himself
extremely offensive by his persistent at
tention to rebel prisoners confined at
Camp Chase."
"Wiat do you mean by attentions to
rebel prisoners?" was inquired.
"I mean just what I say. Thurmcn
was a daily visitor at tho prison, and car
ried presents, delicacies and clothing to
thoso confined therein. Ho encouraged
them in every way, shape and manner;
told them that tho war was a failure, and
that they must keep up their courago to
tho end. Whenever rebel officers were
paroled they were immediately invited up
to Thurman's house and given a reception
preparatory to their departure for homo."
"Why did not the authorities inter
fere?" was asked.
"They did.nnally." continued tho judge.
"I recollect that old fighting parson.
Moody, who was in charge of tho prison
for some time, refused Thurman admis
sion and told him to go over to tho Union
hospitals and lend assistance to our sick
and wounded soldiers. Other officers also
chased Thurman away from the prison.
No, ho never set foot inside our hospitals,
and kept many of his friends away who
otherwise would havo done their duty."
"What do you know of Thurman's
speeches during the war?"
"A great deal. When tho first green
backs were issued Thurman was particu
larly bitter against them. Ho did every
thing he could to discredit them. I re
member once of listening to a speech he
made. With a $10 gold piece in his right
hand and a greenback of tho same de
nomination in his left, arising his right
hand ho declared the gold good old Demo
cratic money, and then elevated the
greenback, exclaiming:
" 'This is Republican money, issued
without authority of law; it is unequiv
ocally unconstitutional, completely void
for want of authority to issue it as money;
it 13 not worth tho paper upon which it is
printed. In less than a year this gold
pieco will buy a cartload of greenbacks.
Don't touch it, don't handlo it, for it will
die on your hands.'
"All this happened at a time, too, when
tho government was compelled to issue
greenbacks as a positive necessity."
"Did ho not tako tho greenback shoot a
few years ago?"
"Yes; it became a hobby with him. Ho
advocated the unlimited issue of green
backs to pay off tho indebtedness of tho
government and stop tho interest. He
was subsequently red hot to crush out all
the national banks." Denver Times.
THE WOOL INDUSTRY.
Unavoidable Effect of Removal of the
Duty Some Figures.
A careful estimate places tho number
of wool growers in the United States at
about 700.000, and fully 500.000 men are
employed by them to assist in caring for
their flocks and doing other farm labor.
A majority of these flock masters, as well
as their employed help, aro heads of fam
ilies; therefore, if you add to their num
ber their wives, children and other do
pendents, you will havo a population of
at least 4,000,000 persons more or less in
terested in tho growing of wool; or about
ono-fifteenth of the entire population of
the United States. There aro no doubt
fully 150,000 other farmers who keep a
small number of sheep, but these could
not be fairly classed as growers of wool.
These 700,000 farmers will average to
own or possess at least 160 acres of land
each making a total of 112,000,000 acres
devoting the more desirable parts' of
their farms to the raising of grain, hay,
etc. (a good share of which is required
for the feeding of their horses, cattle,
hogs and sheep during the winter season),
and selecting the poor, rough and hilly
portions for the pasturing of their sheep,
thus putting to profitable use then entire
farms.
The number of sheep in tho United
States is now estimated at 50,000,000
head, and the crop of wool at about 350,
000,000 pounds, worth on the average of
last year's prices about twenty-two cents,
making the total value of the wool crop
of the country $77,000,000.
Thero are sold annually for export and
home consumption from 13,000.000 to
15,000,000 sheep for their mutton, bring
ing on the averago about $3 per head,
making tho total value of wool and mut
ton sold each season about $122,000,000.
If you.removo tho duty from wool and
so mako tho growing of it an unprofitable
business, it would render almost value
less tho portions of these farms devoted
to sheep raising, and thereby would de
crease the average price of the whole
farm at least $2.50 an acre, making a loss
from this source alono of $280,000,000.
Sheep would also decrease in value fully
50 cents per head, making another shrink
age of $25,000,000.
Wool would decline from 7 to 8 cents
per pound from tho average price of tho
last fifteen years adding another loss of
$25,000,000, and the farmers would be so
impoverished by tho low prices obtaina
ble for their wool that out of actual ne
cessity they would be compelled to reduce
the wages of these 500,000 persons em
ployed, to assist In the caring of their
nocks and the doing of other farm labor
to the extent of at least 15 cents per day
or about $50 per year, making a still
further loss of $25,000,000 from this
KownfoftHe sake of reducing our reve
nue between $5,000,000 and $6,000,000,
we must virtually impoverish one-fifteenth
of tho entire population of the United
States, and so force this large body of
people to follow a business that will yield
them no profit, and compel them to raise
wool in competition with all tho poor and
poverty stricken nations on the earth,
whero land and labor are fully one-half
less than in this country, and in doing
this we inflict upon this most honorablo
and respected American industry the fol
lowing losses:
Shrinkage in the valuo of lands 50,000,000
labor. 55,000,000
" " " flocks 25,000,000
" " wool. 25,000,000
Total loss to the wool Industry.. $355,000,000
If wool be placed on the free list, our
woolen manufacturers will obtain their
raw material $25,000,000 less than they
now do under protection. Will tho people
of the United States get the full benefit
of this sum In the cheapening of their
woolen goods? Wo think not; but at
least one-half of this amount will go to
the manufacturers and merchants in the
way of increased profits, and this small
sum of $25,000,000 is all the saving which
tho manufacturers and people can pos
sibly mako to offset the enormous shrink
age enumerated above.
Wo aro now growing In the United
States nearly a full supply of the finer
sorts of wool, and only requiro to import
on an averago about 15,000,000 pounds to
givo us a full supply. Continue protec
tion for a few years and we shall raise all
the finer wool we require, and a largo part
of our carpet wools.
The importation of worsted goods at
the present low and uujust rate of duty
lias inflicted a very serious loss on manu
facturers of this class of goods, and
stopped their mills and Increased the im
portation of theso goods enormously
since 1833. This should bo corrected, and
worsted should bo made to pay the samo
unty as woolens.
The admission of ring, thread, roving
and slubbing wasto under a duty of 10
cents per pound has caused a most serious
loss to tho owners of wools, for every
pound of this so called wasto takes tho
placo of a pound of fine scoured wool,
and the extensive use of it is tho princi
pal cause of tho large quantity of terri
tory, California and Texas wool now re
maining unsold on tho markets. It
should nave a duty laid upon it the same
as scoured wool (which it virtually is) of
30 cents per pound.
These two great companion industries,
the growing of wool and tho manufacture
of woolen goods, are inseparable and
should bo protected equally; the manu
facturer to the extent of the difference in
the cost of manufacturing in Europo as
compared with that of America, and tho
woor growers to the extent of tho differ
ence in tho cost of raising wool in half
civilized countries and that of raising it in
tho United States, whero land, labor and
living aro so much higher.
Competent judges claim that tho esti
mates of loss given abovo might bo in
creased ono hundred million dollars with
out exaggerating tho facts.
The production of American wool aid of
American wool manufactures, under pro
tection, has since 18C9 increased faster
than our population, and has been steadily
supplanting foreign wools and foreign
goods, tho only exception carpet wools
being chiefly wools not grown in tho
United States, and admitted under low
duties.
The reports of the United States bureau
of statistics completely refuto tho claim
of Premier Mills that this country cannot
produce the wool required for its manufac
tures, or manufacture tho woolen goods
needed for its people.
They also demonstrate beyond question
the powerful Influence of our protectivo
policy on the development of our wool
and woolen industries, and they indicato
clearly tho disasters which would follow
tho overthrow of this policy. Washing
ton Best.
WHAT IT MEANS fls .. .UAKSAt-
Free Trade Would Damage if Not Deari
the State's Greatest Interests.
All are agreed that manufactures aro
needed to develop the natural rejourn-:)
of Arkansas and bring the state to i im
proper placo in tho sisterhood. Demo
crats and Republicans alike will agree to
this proposition and will subscribe liber
ally to secure tho desired institutions,
but the Democrats cannot bo brought to
vote for thoso samo improvements. Tho
history of all countries shows that it is
only by protection that we can hopo to
build up our manufacturing interests
Free trade means at tho very best stag
nation in all sorts of manufacturing
and a rush of capital to the banks and
into other avenues of trade. This means
that eastern capital which is now point
ing south and southwest will bo with
drawn, and we will bo obliged to remain
as we are for years to come. This is what
free trado means for Arkansas, and still
there aro those who pretend to be friends
of the state, and who are constantly ad
vising tho people to vote and work for
this English pet idea. With free trade
thero can never be any cotton factories
in the south, and yet one balo of cotton
worth $40 in the rough is worth $75 spun
into yarn and $150 when woven into
cloth, all this difference to be spent at
homo and in building up a homo market.
Without protection we can havo no iron
works and ail the vast beds of that ore
must remain undeveloped. Without facto
rics the demand for coal is greatly lessened,
and as a consequence the price goes down
and the vast coal fields of Arkansas be
come comparatively valueless. Without
protection tho vast forests of Canada,
with water transportation in their favor,
are thrown open to the markets of the
north and the development of Arkansas
forests must bo postponed until those
north of the great lakes aro exhausted,
and so on tnromgh tho list. Thero is
hardly an interest in tho state that would
not be seriously damaged by free trade,
and yet men can be found to advocate the
change. It is to be hoped that they are
greatly in the minority and that the great
majority will vote for protection and for
the continued prosperity of their stato.
Fort Smith (Ark.) Journal.
FALSE DEMOCRATIC CLAIMS.
The Pension System As It Exists Is a Re
publican Creation.
It has long been customary for Demo
crats to set up the claim of proprietor
ship in successful Republican measures
which they bitterly opposed until forced
to succumb. Their latest demonstration
of the kind appears in a statement that
larger amounts aro now paid out annually
for pensions than over before. And they
would fain mako use of this to establish
a belief that they are doing more in recog
nition of loyal service to tho country by
Union soldiers and sailors than the Re
publicans did when in power.
But the plain truth is that the pension
system as it exists i3 a Republican crea
tion, which at almost every step of its
progress was opposed by the majority of
Democrats in congress. It would not be
easy to recall an instance when a suffi
cient number of Democrats supported a
general bill to pension invalid soldiers
and sailors of the republic in the civil
war, or surviving widows and children of
such soldiers and sailors, to pass it. The
"ghoulish glee" exhibited by President
Cleveland in the act of vetoing individ
ual pension bills has become a matter of
universal comment.
An occasional proposition which seemed
to insure the pensioning of ex-rebels
such as the Mexican war pension bill
has met with Democratic approval, and
that IsalL If. the Democratinjiarty.had
oeen in control or eitncr orancn or con
gress continuously sinco 1864 it is ex
tremely doubtful whether any pensmn
legislation whatever, exclusively applying
to Union victims of southern Democratic
treason, would havo found a placo among
tho federal statutes.
For every pension enactment of that
sort tho beneficiaries are indebted to Re
publican sympathy and effort. Troy
Times.
Hard Work Necessary.
The Republican danger lies in placing
too much confidence in tho manifest drift
of events, and failing to put forth thoso
strong and unremitting efforts which aro
essential to make tho result suro and the
victory splendid. Thero is no disputing
tho fact that tho situation looks very
bright. It is possiblo to carry every
northern stato for Harrison and Morton
and tho policy of protection, and to mako
some inroads in the south, in the con
gressional districts, if not among the
electors. But theso aro results which
will not fall into our hands, but must bo
seized with strenuous exertion. Boston
Journal.
What Free Trado Did for England.
Tho freo trade attorneys claim as the
chief merit of proposed tariff reduction
that it will reduce prices. And in this they
aro at least partially correct. Tho recent
experience of England under tho fiscal
policy now advocated for this country
shows that cheaper wheat from India,
cheaper meat from America, cheaper wool
from Australia and South America, have
mado unprofitable lands at homo; that
values of English farms have fallen off
40 to 70 per cent., while each year largo
tracts are withdrawn from tillage. New
York Press.
Ilebrvws for Harrison.
Tho Jewish Gazctto and News of this
city and Chicago, tho only Hebrew daily
in America, is cut for Harrison and Mor
ton. It has heretofore leaned toward
Democracy, as it is estimated that 100.
000 of the 1S0.000 Hebrew citizens of this
stato voto tho Democratic ticket. More
of them will vote the Republican ticket
this tune. Many of them uaro cono from
Europe and know only too well what tho
pauper labor of the continent means.
New York Press.
What MlshFUo Expected.
Tho most strenuous organs of President
Cleveland admit that ho has not fulfilled
his pledges in regard to civil service re
form. Yet it was his first terra, and ho
was striving to mako a record upon which
ho could secure a re-election. What
would his second term bo when thero was
no special inducement to make a goodrec
ord? Is it not evident that ho would faP
completely into tho hands of tho spoils
men who surround him? Cleveland
Leader.
Gen. Benjamin Butler has a level head
when ho is standing on level ground.
And ho never stood on evener ground
than when he said this: "I oppose freo
wool now because if wo admit it to tho
freo list we can't keep our granger friends
next year from taking off tho tariff on the
manufactured goods. Our tariff system
has been carefully adjusted by long'efTort
and tho greatest care. Wo can't afford
to pull any of the props from under it."
New York Press.
II U Two Utterances.
The rebel flag order of President Cleve
land had to bo withdrawn under tho pres
sure of public opinion. But it was not
moro odious to the people of the United
States than was tho freo trade message of
Grover Cleveland and his order to his
Democratic supporters to stand by it. On
election day tho people will put an end to
that sort of business. Albany Journal.
Democratic inconsiscencj.
The free trade papers are forever argu
ing against protection, and yet protest
that tho Mills bill, which they support, is
a protectivo measure. Could inron&Lv
tency go further? Tho American Pcoplo.
John Ball Would Greet mm.
Now if Mr. Cleveland would only go to
Great Britain ho might receive just such
an ovati m on landing thero as Mr. Blaine
received when he got homo New York
Press.
Mechanical Curlosltit-s.
Among tho recent mechanical curiosi
ties arc a &carf pin with a bird's head
that, as you examine it, is made to twitter
by pressure on a concealed rubber ball.
and a bicycle, with wheel hix and a half
feet in diameter, between which tho rider
sits on the connecting axle. Arkansaw
Traveler.
laws Against Luxury.
The laws of Lycurgus, promulgated
about 881 B. C, were severe against
luxury. Among the Romans, 181 B. C
the law limited tho number of guests at
a feast and the number and quality of
tho dishes at an entertainment. Boston
Budget.
Xut Culture in Georgia.
Nut culture is beginning to attract
attention in Georgia. One man has more
than ono thousand pecan trees planted
and as many English walnuts now just
coming into bearing.
Tho latest wrinkle in manners is this:
To show great politeness, advance one
step and bow; to show the reverse senti
ment, draw back a r.tep and bow.
After the death of tho editor his widow
edited the first newspaper published in
America.
Growing isn't waiting for the sunshine.
It is real reaching after it.
Applause at the opera Is cheap to be
obtaiuH for a song.
"Did n't Know t was
Loaded"
May do for a stupid boy's excuse ; but
what can be said for the parent who
sees his child languishing daily ami fails
to recognize the want of a tonic and
blood-purifier? Formerly, a course of
bitters, or sulphur and molasses, was the
rule in well-regulated families ; but now
all intelligent households keep Ayer's
Sarsaparilla, which is at once pleasant
to the taste, and the most searching and
effective blood medicine ever discovered.
Nathan S. Cleveland, 27 E. Canton st..
Boston, writes : " My daughter, now. "1
years old, was in perfect health until a
year ago when she began to complain ol
fatigue, headache, debility, dizziness,
indigestion, and loss of appetite. I con
cluded that all her complaints originated
in impure blood, and induced her to take
Ayer s Sarsaparilla. This medicine soon
restored her blood-making organs to
healthy action, and in due time vecstalv
lished her former health. I find Ayer's
Sarsaparilla a most valuable remedy for
the lassitude and debility incident tc
spring time."
J. Castright, Brooklyn Power Co.,
Brooklyn, N. Y., says : "As a Spring
Medicine, I find a splendid substitute
for the old-time compounds in Ayer's
Sarsaparilla, with a few doses of Ayer'j
Fills. After their use, I feel fresher and
stronger to go through the summer."
Ayer's Sarsaparilla,
PREPARED BY
Dr. J. C. Ayer & Co., Lowell, Mass.
Fries $1; six bottles, as. Worth $5 a botUs.
IRST
National Bank!
or
COLUMBUS. 1
-HAS AN-
Authorized Capital of $250,000,
A Surplus Fund of - $20,000,
And tho largest Paid im Cask Capital of
any bank in this part of the State.
SSyDeposits received and interest paid oo
time dopoeitd.
CSD rafts on the price ipal cities in t hit coun
try nntl Europe bought and sold.
Collections and all other bnsiness sUea
prompt and careful attention.
BTOCKHOLDF.RS.
A. ANDKKSON, Pres't.
J. II. GALLEY, VicoPrea't.
O.T.KOEN. Cashier
CJ.ANDEI5SON, P.ANDERSON,
JACOB UICKISKX, HEN BY BAGA'fZ,
JOHN J. SULLIVAN, V. A. MoALLISTEK.
Apr23-'s6tf
justness ards.
XJICIIAUD CUNNINGHAM.
Attorney and Counsellor at Law.
OHict on Nebraska Ave., Columbus, Neb. All
legal buMiness promptly, accurately and careful,
ly attended to. 13aug-y
OUri-lVAN Jt KEEDEK,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
pllieo over First National Bank, Colnmbas.
Nebraska. ft.u
J.
9i. niiAKi,AnD, -
ATroRXEY cC XOTARY PUBLIC.
i T,t,.ffice. mi'r virat National Bank, Col urn -bua,
Nebraska.
COUXTY SURVEYOR.
J3?Parties desiring surveying done can ad-dre-c
me at Columbus, Neb., or call at my office
in C oiirt House. 5may86-y
T J. CRAMER,
CO. SUFT PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
I will he in my office in the Court House, tho
third huturday of each month for the examina
tion of applicants for teachers' certificates, aud
for the transaction f other school Imsiness
ljanM
DliAVuml EXPHESSMEX.
Light ami heavy hauling. Goods handled with
care. Headquarters at J. p. Becker & Co.'s office.
1 elei hone, Xi and 31. SOinarSTy
V K. TURNER & CO.,
Proprietors and Publishers of the
CCLUK2TC J:T21TAL Kl tiJ HZB. TAJHIT JOffBfflL,
Both .post-paid to any address, for $-0 a year
strictly in adiance. Family Jocjh.val, jl.oo a
W. A. McALLlSTEK. W. 31. COBNELI US.
jvr
cALIJMTKK Ac tOKlIlMI!
ATTORNEYS AT LAW.
Columbus, Neb.
Otlice up stairs over Ernst A Schwarz'a store on
Eleventh st reel. ltimtnjS8
DR. .1. 4J3IAK. Wll.l.l'.
U'tuUcher Arzt.)
PHYSICIAN and SURGEON,
Columbus, Neb.
EYE DISEASES A SPECIALTY.
Office: Telephone:
Kiev enth btrcet. Office No. 4: liesidenee No.fi7.
.2niar87
JOILNG. H1GGINS.
C. J. GABLOW.
HIGGDIS & GABLOW,
ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW,
Siecialty made of Collections by C. J. Gnrlow
S4-ni
RCBOYD,
MANUFACTBBIcn OK
Tin and Sheet-Iron Ware !
Job-Work, Eoofing: and Gutter
ing a Specialty.
ISliop on 13th street, Krauso Bro.V old
stand on Thirteenth street. jjtf
PATENTS
Caveats and Trade Marks obtained, anil all Pat
ent business condncted for MODEKATE FEES.
rJS&lShWP KS OPPOSITE U.S. PATENT
Or r K h. e have no sub-agencies, all business
direct, hence we can transact iitent business in
less time and at LESS COST than those remoto
from Washington.
Send model, drawing, or photo, with descrip
tion. We advisu if patentable or not, free of
charge. Our fee not due till patent is secured.
A book. "How to Obtain Patents," with refer
ences to actual clients in jour state, county or
town, sent free. Address
Opposito PatentOthce, Washington, D. til
nrrns11 .wonders exst ,-n
1 1 Es ! Uthousands of forms, hut are snr
Mrrrpassed by the marvels of invention.
' 1 b-e who ore in need of profitable
work that can be done while living at home
should at once send their address to Hallett A
(o., Portland, Maine, and leceive free. fuU in
formation how either sex, of all ages, can earn
from $3 to S25 per day and upwards wherever
they live. ou ore started free. Capital not re-
3uired. Some have made over ."A) in a single
ay at this work. All succeed. 87dec28y
$500 Reward!
Wo will pay the abovo reward for any case of
liver complaint, dyspepsia, sick headache, indi
gestion, constipation or coetiveneas we cannot
cure with West s Vegetable Liver Pills, when tho
directions are strictly complied with. They are
purely vegetable, and never fail to give satisfac
tion. Large boxes containing SO sugar coated
pills, 25c. i or bale by all druggists. Beware of
counterfeit and immitations. The genuine
manufactured only by JOHN C. WEST & CO..
S2 W . Madison St., Chicago, 111. dec7'87y
INVENTION!
has revolutionized
the world during the
last half centnrr.
Not least amonir tha
wonders of inventive progress is a method and
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work; either sex. young or old: no special ability
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free. Cat this oat and return to as and we will
send you free, something of great value and im
portance to you, that will start you in business,
which will bring yon in more money right away,
than anything else in the world. Grand outfit
free. Address True & Co.. Augusta, Me. dec28
A book of 100 page.
( The best book for aa
advertiser to con-
sult. be he ezoerl-
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It contains lists of tie wsiianers and estimates
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wants to spend one dollar, finds in it tho in
formation he requires, while forhim who will
Invest one hundred thousand dollars in ad
vertising; a scheme is indicated which will
meet his every requirement, or can bemad
to do so by flight changes easily arrivedat bgcor'
rcsponiienee. 119 editions have been Issued.
Sent, post-paid, to any address for 10 cants.
Write tc GEO. P. BQWEIX CO,
NEWSPAPER ADVERTISING BU8KAU.
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