PROTECTION.
JFree Trade the Kcast of tho Seven :
Heads and Ten Horns.
THE SYSTEM OF AMERICA.
Ibe Seven Kinds ct Frro Traders Ooorcc
gUcannan and Their SupiMirters Hew
itt and Other Who Think rU-cllon
No longer Nwsary Mills. Morrison.
Hurd & Co. The Original SecosionictS
and Anti-Xatlonali-1 Tho Ancloiiij.
tilacs Tlio Iiuj.orters Tho riillantlirop
lsts Arguments ly Dr. Van Buren
Dendoir.
Copyriglit by Tho American Press Association.
And I stood upon tho sanil of the sea, and saw
a beast ri-s up out of tho hca, ha iugseven heads
and ten liorns. and ui0!i his horn ten crowns,
and upon Ills head? tin name of blasphemy.
And tlio lnjast wlildi I saw was like unfo a
leotard and liis fis-t were as the feet of a liear,
and his numtli as tlie mouth of a Hon: and the
dragon rho hiin hi-, power and his heat and ejvat
authority. . . ,
And I saw one or liis heads as It were wounded
to death, and his deadly wound was healed; and
all the world wondered after the Insist.
And they vorsJii;ied til- dra-ou which gave
power imto tlio If-ast, and thev uondiined tho
Least, savin?, who te like unto the beast? who u
able to inake war with him?
And there- uasphen unto him a mouth sjionk
inc great OiIiiki and blaspheiuies, and power was
was Klven unto, him to continue forty and two
mouths. Hev. xlii.1-5.
Tho term 'Tree Trade' has aliout seven
different shades of incauins- It therefore
serves to unite, by a common liond of discon
tent with protective policies, as many dis
tinct classes of Iiv,entients from existing
tariff measures. Neither of these seven
cIusms, if called on to frame n bid satisfac-torj-
to the others, could do so without sacrifie
ing either it.s views or theirs. Hut all can at
present unite in opjtosing existing protective
legislation. In thisMiiiso freo trado Is n fop:
Lank, which dejicuds on it3 vagueness for its
existence, und hich, if it should attempt to
define itself, would disappear.
These seven classes arc:
I. Those who, like Henry George, Professor
W. G. Sumner, Thomas G. Shearman and, I
think, Professor IVrry, say that custom
houses in our own country should Iw abol
ished, and tliat all collection of revenue from
imports should cca.se, regardless of the course
that may bo pursued by any and all other
countries.
There are probably but n, few of these in
all. They consist chiefly of thoso vision
aries or mercenaries who take up free trade
cither as a hobby to make a liamo by, or as
nn apple cart to'make a living out of. The
alternative which their jiolicy involves is,
either logically or avowedly, a nearly single
tax on either land alone, or land and capital,
ns a means of running all government, local,
Ktato and national. To practical men then
position explodes itself in two directions,
viz.: one economic, and tlio other legislative
or constitutional. In the economic Miiise, as
suming that it could lie adopted, it would sad
dleallourtaxesouthat very land and capital
which already are hnndicapied in their com
petition with English land and capital by the
fact that the latter pay no taxe?. whilo tho
former pay in the first instance all state and
local tuxes throughout tho U'.tted States. Tt
intensify this inequality would i.e to increase
tho relative disadvantages under which
American manufacturers, bankers, ship
owners, farmers, traders and nil other jier
soiis usL'ig land and capital struggle in the
competitive race with their foreign rivals.
This would lie very gratifying to foreign
manufacturers and bankers, but it would
lessen the profits of the American, and
therein J.-ssen the inducement on their part
to pay wages to American labor. Then the
outcome of tho "free trade and singlo tax
policy" would bo to increaso on American
workmen tho heaviest and most multifarious
of all taxes, the loss of nnplovment.
But in a constitutional sense tho iolicy Is
.impossible of adoption in the United States,
as the Federal government has no power to
lay direct taxes on land, but was formed ex
pressly to o-.labl.sh a "jpvprnmsnt which
should lay duties on imports. The ".single
tax" free trade w-henio. therefore, is disposed
of by the two objections: 1. The government
under which wo live bus no powerto enact it.
2. If enacted it would terminate all indus
tries of which the product eonimniuls :i
higher price here than it commands abroad,
und would preclude tin-possibility of wages
lieing higher hero than : the lowest paid for
eign country. Tho former fact renders it n
Iirojosal looking to political revolution the
latter to general famine.
II. A second class of free traders consists
of those who, like Mayor Hewitt, of New
York; Sir. Hazard, of llhodo Island; 3Ir.
Sehoenhof, and a. few others, have some re
lation to or eonnt tion with manufactures,
and who conceive that American manufac
turers have passed the infantile stage, and
are now ready for free comietition with all
the world, provided only they can get their
taxes as fa orably adjusted, their raw ma
terials us low, and their 1-ibor as low, ns their
foreign -ompetitors now have them. The
profess to believe that w hat American manu
facturers now need is to so reduce their cod
of production as to divide with Great Britain
the privilege of selling American cotton
goods, -and perhups a few other manufac
tures, in India, China, Brazil, Mexico and
tho West and East Indies.
The ioints at which this notion is out of
JO lit ith good judgment are many. A few
ot them are these:
(a) Tho barbarian markets thus referred to
could not have been ojiened to us except by
a military force, which wo have not, in most
cases, put forth, and are not prepared to put
forth, and when ojwv.ed by British armies,
navies, bankers, shipjiers und merchants re
main seenrelj lu the grasp of the power
whose arms and money ojiened them to trade.
Mere cheapness does not control them
against these antecedent influences, when
these influences huve given British merchants
possession. Our consular rejiorts mado while
Jlr. Evarts was secretary of state show, from
all quarters of these barbarian markets, that
they cannot le controlled by mere cheapness
against tho other influences which England
has brought to liear either in the form of
conquest, diplomacy, subsidized lines of
transportation, long lank credits, etc. Hence
tho vision of a trade in tho "world's mar
kets'1 is a delusion, liko the haunch of veni
son which tho dog saw in the water below
him tho mere reflection of tliat he held in
Lis m on tli. To drop our grip on tho homo
trade in order to grasp this foreign trade is
exactly of a piece with tho policy of tho dog
in dropping the real venison in order to grasp
,the ideal For all foreign trade is as purely
a reflection of our home trado as the
vision of a baunch of venison in the
water is a consequence of holding the venison
over it. So long ns the dog held the venison
in his teeth he could seo its reflection on tht
water. When he dropped his hold both dis
appeared. So long as we mako tho best pos
sible uso of our home markets our foreign
will keep on growing but only as tho inci-dent-to
our home trade. When wo lose oui
homes it is folly to talk of the greater oppor
tunitv this will afford us for visitinsr. for no
boay wanes viators rromamoii mem-xiis-m&.
And foreign nations never want tho
roods of manufacturers who are unequal to
we-task of supplying their own home
narket.
b. In most lines of manufactured goods,
he portion of tho American market which
foreigners still supply, notwithstanding tho
tariff, would bo worth more to our manufac
turers than the entire foreign trade. Thu3
tn cotton goods Europe's trade with us, uotr
withstanding all our duties, amounts to a
larger sum every year than till the purchnses
jf foreign cotton goods mado by all tho pop
ulations' of Mexico, "South America and the
West Indies. Hence the unappropriated por
tion of our homo market wiU bo worth more
to our producers of cotton goods than it
would be worth to them to have the monop
oly of supplying tho whole foreign supply
for the balance of tho continent
For it must always bo borne in mind that
Mexico presented cotton fabrics of the llnest
texture to Cortez on his arrival four cen
turies ago, and has always since endeavored
o to shape her tariffs as to produce her own
cottons, and has many hundreds of manu
facturing establishments for that purpose.
Each of the South American states has tho
Instinct of protection natural to all free
governments, i. e., governments free from
foreign dictation. Each of tho English colo
nkft has the same, and hence English export
bade depends largely on the Turkish, Egyp
tian, Hindoo and Chinese markets, which are
tbeonly markets English goods can enter
without being met by protective duties. In
their mnrketa -England has partly by pait
wars, coercion, oriDery ana flipiomacy se
cured a 3 to 5 ier cent. Iuty, which is some
thing sho cannot get rom any of her own
colonies or from any nation which is free
from her coercive military power.
Our nominal privilege of selling goods In
these markets In rivalrv with tho English is
worth exactly as much t our equally avail- ,
ablo privilege of buying out tho landed
estates of tho British nobility, by paying
more money for them than their present
owners would bo willing to forego to keep
them.
c. To obtain theso visionary profits of the
foreign markets wo are asked to take off pro
tective duties from all ru w materials of man
ufacture. As about every article of food,
clothing, shelter or utility is directly or indi
rectly a raw material of manufacture, this
amounts in principle and effect to taking
duties off from everything. Food of every
kind is a raw material of tho manufacture
of iron and clothing and, contributes as
largo a portion of tho ultimate cost
of producing either as wool or iron ore. And
yet, in their turn, clothing and iron and steel j
implements are consumed In producing food. ,
Each is raw material of tho other. If frco
trade in wool is the true route to cheap wool, '
much more is free trado in clothing, ready J
made, the true route to cheap clothing, since
by free trado in the finished product we save
at once all tho saving there is to bo made on ,
each of tho raw materials, and each of the
intermediate processes which aro essential
to the final product. So if free trado in iron
ore, coal and lime is the true route to cheap
iron, much more is free trado in all the fin
ished products of iron and steel tho true
route to cheapness In them. Tho free traders
try to sneak and edge into free trade back
ward when they ask free trade on the fleece
iiiid not on tho coat, or on the iron and not
on the hoe, ax or plow.
L Tho withdrawal of protection from a
prwduct which tho protecting country has
all the natural facilities to supply has been
iied repeatedly and has always resulted,
neither in increasing the permanent supply
nor reducing tho permanent price, but only
in transferring the place of production of a
part of the supply to some other country.
Iron and steel in the United States wero
brought to tho highest gold prices they
have ever borne in 1S37 and 1S57 by b
few years of free trade, becauso free trad
so far extinguished tho sources of domestic
supply as to bring tho price of the foreign
supply, when wo were brought to the
necessity of relying largely on it, up to a
higher prico than tho domestic supply had
borne. Tho foreign supply of most com
modities is just largo enough to agitato our
markets, but not to componsate for any shat
tering or cessation of tho domestic produc
tion, which is usually from five to twenty
times tho importation. For this reason low
duties on wool in 1S.T1 to 1800 made wool both
scarce and dear relatively to the protectivo
period from 1SGG to 1SS3. Tho domestic sup
ply has been larger, more abundant and more
profitable to tho wool crowers and j-et
cheajwr and of letter quality for tho wool
consumers i. e., the woolen m:mufacturers
under protection than under frco trade, for
tho profits of every industry depend much
mora on the largeness or dimensions with
which it is carried on than on the dearness
of its produet. It is far moro satisfnetorj- to
the iron and steel makers to mako the 7,167,20)
tons yearly to which their product hnd risen
in 1SS7 under protection, though they sell it
at $17 per ton, than to get tho $03.50 per
ton for tho small product (3.10,000 tons) of
1S54, or even $52.50 for tho still smaller
product of 1S37. Making twenty times more,
they can well afford a price one-half less.
hi England especially the withdrawal of
protection from the fanners in 1540 did
not eheapeu bread nor Increase its quan
tity for consumption, but it did causo an
immense crisis in England and famine in
Ireland, and it caused 80,000 acres per year
for sixteen years in Great Britain, which
had previously been devoted to raising bread
stuffs, to go out of cultivation between 1652
and 1SGS. On this additional 80,000 acres per
year, if it had remained in cultivation, tho
quantity of breadstuff's imported would have
been produced and the supply and tho price
would have remained a constant quantity.
Hence free trade in corn in England effected
a displacement of tho cultivation from do
mestic to foreign wheat fields, but no in
crease in the supply and no lowering in tho
price. In tiio light of tireso facts tho pre
tenses of tho "free raw material" school of
free traders Is a moro disguised fraud and
imposition on tho public gullibility than tho
fallacies of tho single tax school of Henry
George, but not a whit less mischievous.
IIL A third very numerous class of free
traders, hko Mills, of Texas; Morrison, of
IlLcois, and Hurd, of Ohio, and President
Cleveland, aro the simply superficial class,
who have had too much business on hand in
packing primary conventions to givo ade
quate investigation to any merely economic
question. By their success in manipulating
conventions they havo been led to commit
themselves to tho task or profession of repre
senting ollicitilly in congress and in legisla
lation tho free trade sect or party. This em
braces the equally superficial class through
out tho country who havo the privilege of
voting, but lack tho time or disjiositioa to
study iolitical economy In ono of its most
complex phases.
When these gentlemen have once acquired
tho bias of representatives of a prescribed
notion, tho subsequent investigation which
th-y make is predetermined in its quality by
their bias, and doos not help to correct their
jiosition. They study their case from that
time forth merely to find materials to sup
port a position previously assumed. Tho po
sition was assumed from tho politician's mo
tive, and becauso thoso who adopt :it believo
it will win moro votes of tho kind open to be
won by them than can be secured by any
o'.iier course. These political pretenders take
up free trade for what they can make out of
it, in tho same manner as they take up tho
profession of njiologists for slaver, the ruin
power, Mormonisin or the like, for what they
can mako out of it
Tho stock in trado of this class of free
traders consists of reckless, false and utterly
conscienceless statements as to the pretended
effect of import duties on domestic prices.
They represent that every article in uso on
the imjiortation of which a duty exists, pro
vided it is imported in any degree, must Ik
dearer by the amount of tho duty, no mat
ter how abundantly or cheaply It may
1k produced in this country. When shown
that this is not truo of any protected article
they jump to tho opposite horn of tho
dilemma and say if tho article is not in
creased in price, by tho assistanco of tho
duty but sells as cheaply here as elsewhere,
why do you want any duty on it? Tho ques
tion thus evolved is merely a proof that they
themselves belong to tho class who prefer
always to seize tho economic poker by the
red hot end. They set out by falsely assum
ing that duties only protect domestic pro
ductions when the- raiso prices of domestic
products. Then on being 6hown that this
consequence doesn't follow in a certain in
stance, they answer, then the duties did not
protect Lotus cite a few cases: A pro
tectivo duty of 3 cents per pound was placed
on raw cotton in 1790 to prevent tho cotton
of India, Turkey and Egypt from suppress
ing tho proposed production of cotton in
America, where the manufacture of imported
cotton had already got a moderate start
Tho duty simply said to the cotton growers,
we Insure you the wholo American market,
and when yon can supply that you havo
your chance in the foreign. Without this
assurance it is supposable that the experi
ment of raising cotton in America might
never have been tried. By tho year 1600 tho
export of cotton had risen to 17,000,000
pounds, worth $."5,000,000, but tho duty
on tho importation of raw cotton was
not repealed until 1S40. It did not enhance
the prico of cotton probably after the- year
1735, but it did prevent the sale of foreign
grown cotton in America until 1840, and to
tho extent of the American market it gave
the American cotton growers a monopoly by
law, concurrent with and independent of
their monopoly by cheapness of production.
Tho free trader might have asked tho
question, at any timo between 1795 and 1S4C,
"Why continue tho duty on cotton when it
does not enhance the priceP But to this the
protectionist could answer effectually, "Why
repeal tho duty, since it has ceased to affect
in any manner tho pricer The last question
is as apt as the first Frco traders do not
claim to aim at any other result than cheap
ness. They could, therefore, havo no reason
for removing a duty, after conceding that it
had ceased to enhance tho price.
In tho tariff debates of 1842 a frco trade
congressman made a tearful harangue upon
tho iniquity of retaining tho "tax," as ho
called it, of fivo cents per j-ard on calico, im
posed in 1S2S. A free trader delights to call
n tariff a tax. because.inowiuc the trick is a
See this point exhaustlTely treated, with table
end cherts of prices, in Principles of Economic
Philosophy.- Cas3eu&Co.,KewYork.
bold untrutn, ho inters tnat it musette a cun
ning one. A protectionist orator replied by
producing a sample of tho taxed article and
showing that when it was first laid on the
nrticlo it was equal (though specific) to
an ad valorem duty of 25 per cent,
on tho then foreign valge of the article, but
in fourteen years, the duty always remain
ing the same in fact, had risen to bo equal to
100 per cent, on the foreign price, which had
fallen to five cents, while as a tax It bad
wholly disappeared, for the American article
was selling in our markets at only four and
a half cents, while the foreign price with the
duty added would have been ten cents. Still
tho duty was protective, for It effectually
shut out tho foreign product from the Ameri
can market But It was not a tax, becauso it
did not enhance price. It was merely a fence.
Four-fifths of tho articles named as duti
able In our tariff list have traveled over this
road, and tho other fifth are well over it
Fifteen years ago tho American Iron nnd
Steel association issued lists of prices of iron
and steel wares obtained from many English
and American firms, showing that builders'
hardware, cutlery, implements of every kind,
agricultural, scientific and manufacturing,
cariK'nters' tools and most finished products
of iron and steel ready for uso, sold as low in
America as anywhere in tho world. Tho
stories told by free trade speakers and writ
crs, in and out of congress, about Ameri
can consumers being taxed on all
they eat, drink and wear aro simple
square perpendicular falsehoods. Tho only
imported articles whoso price is affected by
the duty ore such raw materials of manu
facture as unrefined sugar and molasses, and
bar, pig, scrap and other unmanufactured
forms of iron and steel. In all theso cases
the duties aro paid in the first instance by
the manufacturers. Tho question whether
they ever reach or aro ultimately paid by the
consumers of refined sugars and of iron and
steel merchandise, depends on whether the
American prices of these aro higher than the
foreign or than they would bo if tho duties
wero removed. In iron and steel wares gen
erally they are not Henco on these tho
manufacturers bear not only tho first but
the hist burden of tho tax. On sugar the
price of refined is at times on a level with
tho foreign, usually a cent or a cent nnd a
half per pound above, and to this extent
only tho American consumer may bo said to
bear a tariff tax. But tho duty on sugar is,
as free traders concede, as near being a
strictly revenue duty as our circumstances
admit, since the quantity of crudo sugar
produced in our country is so small com
pared with tho importation, that protec
tion forms an unimportant motive in its
enforcement Thus the entire tariff tnx
on consumers reduces itself on analysis
to the singlo one of tho duty on
sugar, and that is in nine-tenths of its
quality nnd effect a duty for rcvenuo only.
And hero let U3 remark, in'passing, that a
country which can produco everything finds
it impossible to lay a duty on any article
which shall operate to produce "revenue
only" without "protection," for, whatever
the article it is laid on, It will causo a some
what larger production or uso of tho native
article than of tho imported. To the extent
it does so it will protect To tho extent it
protects it ceases to bo "for rcvenuo only" in
its operation. Hence to hold, as Cleveland's
henchman, W. L. Scott, does, that our gov
ernment has no constitutional right to lay
any duties save thoso which operate to pro
duco "revenue only without protection" is
equivalent to holding that the government
has no constitutional power to lay any duties
whatever, though to la- duties on imports
was in fact the chief object of its formation.
But TV. L. Scott cannot name a single im
ported article on which a duty of from 40 to
CO per cent can be laid without causing its
production in tho United States. The
instant such production begins, whether the
article ba tea, coffee, castor beans, leather or
pig iron, the duty ceases to be for revenue
only and becomes protective, whether iU
motive was protection or roveuuo and
whether its rate was 5 or 50 per cent Hence
the question whether a duty is for revenue or
protection is not determinable by any possi
ble action of the government which lays it,
butinust be solely determined by the person
who choose whether they will or will noi
produce in America tho orticlo on tho im
portation of which it is laid. Scott's posi
tion, therefore, is equivalent to saying that
though the government might at tho timo a
duty is laid havo undoubted constitu
tional power to lay it, on tea or cinna
mon for instance, yet if an American
sets nliout raising tea or cinnamon
in Florida this nct since it clearly
converts the duty on tea or cinnamon from
one for revenue only into ono wliich pro
tects, therefore reverts back to render tho
act, which before was constitutional, now a
breach of the constitution. In short, what is
constitutional and what is not is thus made
to change when a man strikes a siwide into
the earth to set out u tea plant
G teat Britain cannot prevent her duty on to
bacco from protecting the raising of tobacco
in Ireland without expressly prohibiting such
cultivation anywhere in tho United Kingdom.
Hence tho government prohibits tho cultiva
tion of tho leaf while it protects the manufac
turer. This enables her to maintain u duty
which does not protect America, therefore,
could only arrive at duties which would not
protect bypassing similar laws prohibiting
tho domestic production. But the Federal
constitution vests no power in congress to
prohibit a domestic production of nny kind
or for any purpose. And without this jiower
it could not prevent its duties from protect
ing something. Hence, instead of its being
truo that congress has no power to pass pro
tection duties, it is, on tho contrar-, truo
that the constitution clothes congress with
no power to prevent a dut' from having a
protectivo effect
IV. A fourth class of free traders finds its
nucleus in the original Secessionists and anti
Nationalists. Theso from the first desired thnt
the present United States should lie a league
of sovereign states, each of which should lie
frco to secede, make war, maintain shivery,
run state lotteries, organizo filibustering ex
peditions, licenso vice, confederate .vith gam
bling and crime, and do every other thing
except to maintain free schools, build
roads, canals nnd colleges, promote industry
nnd emancipate slaves. This bet of men have
always wanted thirty-nine sovereign states,
nil limited to about four industries, viz., rais
ing cotton, corn, hogs, wheat and capitalized
labor, otherwise known as slaves. They ac
tually think this is the best tho American
people can do. Patrick Henry, John C. Cal
houn and Jefferson Davis aro tho exemplars
of this school. Its freo trado policy derives
its mainspring and motive from its intense
hidebound bourbonism, which is but tho po
litical shell which surrounds its industrial in
dolence and lack of economic brains. Mod
ern representatives of this school south and
north havo been Itobert Toombs, John B.
Floyd, L. Q. C. Lamar, Editor Wntterson,
Randolph Tucker, Frank Hurd, Fernando
and Benjamin Wood, Franklin Pierce, Sunset
Cox nnd all tho "thick and thin" allies nnd
upholders of the subjugated southern re
bellion. All these men had bright points
about them. Tiieir sin consists in trying to
make existing ignorance a stepping stone to
thair personal aggrandizement, instead of a
theme for rebuke and a field for missionary
effort Tho hatred of all this class to n
factory, an invention, any step in scientific"
regress, or any increase in the diversifica
tion of industries, is like the Indian savage's
hatred for a farm or the Texan cowbo3's
hatred for a fence. It is the truo conserva
tive hatred which a Bourbon who is deter
mined not to budge, move or j'ield an inch to
tho march of progress, feels for something
which ho does not comprehend, and is In
disposed to become acquainted with. The
creed of theso men is that "Americans should
farm thoso in the north should raise wheat
and beef and pork; those in tho south should
raise cotton. Thoso two industries are
enough. Foreigners will como among us
and build railroads, sell us our clothing,
sugar, salt, iron and steeL Our seaport towns
will handle these as importations. This is
tho way we lived as colonies, and what was
good enough for my revolutionary forefath
ers is good enough for me. Niggers were
mado to work, and white men were made to
boss the niggers. Any man not willing td
vote this ticket should be guaranteed the in
alienable right to vote, but inspectors of
election in any well regulated communities
will see tliat never enough votes of this kind
are counted to elect anybody.'
This wing of the free trade party, under
the lead of Patrick Henry, opposed tho adop
tion of the Federal constitution and the for
mation of this nation. Under tho lead of
Calhoun, fifty years later, it attempted to
dissolve the Union, and so far succeeded as
to secure the repeal of the protectivo policy
in 1833, which mado secession easy twenty
seven years later by making tho Union weak.
A descendant of Patrick Henry, of Virginia,
in the person of Mr. Breckinridge, of Keu-
tuckV- -J-hn TTnnr. mnil gmnHonal nra-
tor whose fluid economic perversity garrw
the same kind of smart intellectuality to th
recent crusade for the Mills bill which jer
vadeil the general management of the free
trade rebellion in 1801-5. Under tho lend of
Toombs, Floyd and Jefferson Davis In lStM
this wing of frco trado Inaugurated the re
bellion, and in their constitution covenanted
that they would never enact a protectivo
tariff.
V. A fifth class of free traders are the
economic dudes, who think it the true Phi
Beta Kappa "fad" to profess to believe in
freo trade liecause it Is "English, you know."
They would wear ulster overcoats, or pa
their hair in tho middle, or add a drawling
ah, nt ah, the ah end ah of ah each
ah word nh, or rip up tho carpets in their
houses and substitute rugs, or build a high
fei'ce around their patch of ground to shut
out tho peering eyes of neighbors, or iwrpe
tratc any other insular awkwardness, purely
and solely becauso it is English. To this class
it is sufficient to believe that freo trado I -an
English fashion, and they take it as they d-
tho Episcopal service or tho queen's birth
day. Have any of them investigated tho quality
of tho arguments, aniTthe effect of tho action
of tho rejiealers of tho corn laws in England
in 1S40J I havo I wen ablo to discover none,
either among sjieakers, writers or organizing
managers, who have paid any candid atten
tion to the economic aspects of tho conflict
whoso result is jiopularly supjiosed to haA'o
made Great Britain a frco trade country.
That conflict was waged on the theory that
it would mako bread cheaper. Tho typical
English economist of today, liko Price,
Jevons or Thorold Rogers, first admits that
tho repeal did not make bread cheaper and
then contends that it was not necessary that
it should do so in order completely to vindi
cate "freo trade;" for ho says if it did not
mako bread cheaper, of course it could not
havo injured tho fjirmer3. He forgets to note
that his admission converts tho "great"
leaders of free trado in England viz.,
Villiers, Peel, Cobdeu and Bright into
economic quacks, who brought famino upon
Ireland a::d financial revulsion on England
upon pretenses whoso untruth was a swindle
on the English people. Thus ho dedges tho
great issue to claim an elusive escape on
a minor issue. When followed up on' this
side issue by the proofs that free trada in
corn was followed by tho withdrawal of
farmers in Great Britain from tho cultiva
tion of breadstufls at tho rate of 80,000 acres
per year or 120 square miles less of grain each
successive iiarvest fcr tho sixteen years from
1S52 to ISoS, tho free trader again changes his
base by saying,4' What diffcrenco does it mako
whether tasy raiit breadstuffs or meat they
undoubtedly til went to raising shcop and
cattle." But when it is shown that tno total
number engaged in all forms of food cultiva
tion shrank from 2,100,000 to 1,,TO!),000 in
twenty years, that there was a permanent
depopulation of tho United Kingdom, Ire
land losing 3,000,000 nnd Scotland and Eng
land two-thirds as many mjjre of their food
growers, tho freo trader still a third timo
shifts his baso nnd says, with Shadwcll, "It
is better that they lessened in this manner
the pressure upon tho means of subsistence."
Then the protectionist follows up with
proofs that the means of subsistence contract
quite as rapidly as the population that with
every diminution in population there is a
corresponding surrender of land once tilled to
waste fen and moor, nnd hence thnt the less
ened remnant do not draw an increased
store of food per capita from nature, but re
main as close to tho verge of suffering as
ever.
Thus, ono by one, tho frco trade positions
are yielded, and its battle assumes the forms
of a retreat, becauso its successive positions
have all been subterfuges, and not principles.
Of nil the so called histories of tho free
trado movement in England not ono attempts
to prove by prico lists that corn or bread was
mado chcajier by tho repeal of proti-ction.
though their rhetoric often implies it Nor,
one attempt to chow that the farmer; of
England were not driven out of the business
of raising corn by tho repeal of tho duties
on corn, with a rapidity that left a vacancy
in tho domestic supply exactb equal to tho
importation.
Now if tho poor were not benefited, nnd
tho fanners wero driven out, nnd tho import
ers handled no moro of foreign wheat than
as domestic traders the' would have handled
of domestic wheat, who was benefited by the
free corn legislation?
It was paralleled exactly by tho effects of
giving away corn in ancient Rome. Tho
farmers of Italy raised so much less th:t
the corn given away could not bo made
equal in qimntit to the quantity wbo-e
production was prevented by tho gratuity.
It naturally followed that so much ex
jense and effort was devoted to securing,
grabbing and dividing tho gratuitous iirn
as had previously lieen devoted to culti
vating nnd marketing the home corn which
Italians had stopped producing. Hence
free foreign corn left corn a trifle- scanner
nnd dearer than tho cultivated Italian corn
hail lnvn. All forms and mivles of getting
'hiiigsrheaphy importation at the cost, of
icrificing and suppressing the douu stic pro
duction aro but rcjtitions of the Roman ex
periment of making bread cheap by giving
away foreign corn a policy that tended in
creasingly each year toward n famino in
Italy.
Another broid misconception underlying
tho notion that it is a bright thing to favor
free trado because the English favor it, is
that tho thing known as free trade in Eng
land is the same ius the tiling known as freo
trade in the United St-ites. On the contrary
they are opposite. Free trado in England is
liko the subjugation of India, or the British
olonial empire, or tho British landed aris
tocracy, or any other p-culiarly British
thimr, which can no more be transplanted
md sot down on this side in all its parts and
substuico than am tho established church or
royalty. Free trade in Great Britiau means
that when a country has protected its indus
tries by tariffs, prohibitions, subsidies, wars
of conquest, treaties nnd the like for ".00
years, and has thereby como into possession
if the mastery and precedence relatively to
all other countries in capital, m-ichinery,
manufactures, banking and sliqH and
steamers, and when its area of agricultural
land is Iwlieved to 1k too small to supply
its manufacturing populations with food,
so that to continue to protect its
farmers mny impede tho growth of its manu
factures, it may with profit sacrifice tho wel
fare of its farmers by withdrawing protec
tion from them if it can thereby so chcajxm
food as to assist its manufacturers in under
selling tho cheap labor of China nnd Japan,
provided adequnte English armies so far
hold thoso countries in durance as to givo
English manufacturers a substantially exclu
sive control of their markets.
But free trado in America lacks every ono
of theso conditions. It means hero that a
country which is struggling for leave to
manufacture one-half the goods it uses may
with profit throw down tho bare to a compet
ing country which can in ono week of ab
solute freo trade close every factory, furnace
nnd foundry in tho country, except a. few
flouring and lumber mills. In England
free trado Is tho offer of tho lion to meet the
lamb in equal combat Freo trade in
America is the offer of the lamb to meet tho
lion In open fight Tho former requires no
courage. The latter precludes all rescue.
VL A sixth class of freo traders nro the
importers nnd merchants, who expect to
.handlo tho increased supply of foreign
goods which would accompany free
trade, and tho newspapers which live
upon tho advertising patronago of tho
importing class. This fs tho small but
wealth and solid nucleus of tho entire freo
trado ngitation in tho United States. The
effective work of tho free trado leagues de
rives ull its pap and sap from this class. It
centers in New York, and for many yeare its
most effective chiefs havo been two or three
leading New York merchants. Ono or moro
of them havo kept on open house at Wash
ington and established intimate relations
with the journalists and politicians through
whom free trade work could best bo done.
No brass band wras sounded. No organization
with long lists of vice presidents and .secre
taries was published. But when money was
wanted in channel in which it would be sui
posed to express popular sentiment, control
conventions or aid candidates, it was forth
coming. Tho work was all tho more effect
ive in that it issued no proclamations. In
this respect the free traders have a great ad
vantage over tho protectionists. It Is at all
times easier to borrow $100,000 with which
to control a newspaper, nominate a congress
man or run a convention in tho interests of
free trade than to raise $5,000 with which to
print a protectionist wori of the value of
Carey's, though when printed it may itass
into a dozen languages. Let it not be in
ferred from this that Carey's works were so
published, for he in fact published them at
bis own expense, and spent all the revenue he
darivacLfrom thpm incivmr.tlinvaa,a.2l0
free trade wori, However, can Do too remote;
too superficial or too sluggish to find ample
means for its sumptuous publication through
tho liberality of that nucleus of New York
importers who constitute tho spinel marrow
of freo trade propagandism in tho United
States.
Tho tariff itself, however, i9 a great re
former of this class of mercantile free traders.
It obliged even A. T. Stewart to so far inter
est himself in American mills that bis seal
for freo importations wasteapered by bis de
sire not to ruin the scores of American fac
tories in which the larger part of the good
ho sold were made. Many importers, how
ever, fully realize that the country's ability
to import and pay for ita importations de
pends on the general productiveness of its in
dustries, and stuuds iiieutiiijd with a pro
tective pol.w-y. In the long run it is tho man
who olvcs moit that must spend most
So, in the loi-o. tho uafcon that pro
u:;"CJ8 mjot must import most Oar im
ports n:.J exports under freo trade- uover
borcuuvtaing like as large a proportion to
our population as they do today under pro
leclion. Tri population is only forty ies
rent more numerous than in 1SC0, the foreign
trade Is eighty per cent greater in volume.
VII. A seventh class of free traders are
the generous, impassioned spirits, whose fine
philanthropy is shucked by the alleged low
rates of wages paid by protected cmplm era
in the iron and steel, salt, silk, coal, wooli-a.
glass, leather and such like occupations. l
such the only answer is: "Go and take ti
profits yourself, and make the wages bight-
by iaying monv"
"Sir," said a free trader to Iloraiiiilni !.-
"what would you say if 1 should assure v
that the profit on the manufacture of pi
iron Is three times tho total cost of the I;;!.
wnp!in.i! in it?"
"1 should say." said Horace, "make i.
yourself and pvt the profit"
All tho protected occupations are open to
tho truly benevolent as well as to tho thor
otighly economical or even mean. If you
think higher wages ought to be paid in them
t"eiuso tho profits aro large, go iuto these
occupations and pay tho higher wages. If
your theory bo truo, you will both increase
your riches and serve tho causo of labor. If
your theory be false, you will probably stop
spending your strength in propagating falso
doctrine. In fact, wages in occupations
affected by the tariff are In each nnd every
caso a little higher than the samo employes
could get by workiwg in nny other, and are
mido low only by the fact that in many of
them tho processes of labor nro so subdivided
that only the very lowest order of working
cajMicity is needed. Let us Ixs thankful that
no onler of working capacity can lie so feeble
thnt n sufficient diversification of industries
will noi find It employment. At the same
timo no order of capacity for work can be
higher than manufactures which some of
their departments employ and develop.
And now against these seven kinds of free
traders, who and what nro tho protectionists?
They nro tho bulauco that remain after these
are deducted from tho whole population.
They perceive that all notions, including
England even, have tariffs and policies more
or less protective. They recognize as protec
tion (11 England's duty of five shillings
sterling per pound on manufactured tobacco,
which alisolutely confines the sale of manu
factured tobacco in Gre-it Britain to thnt
made by British manufacturers. (2) They
recognize as an enormous interference with,
freedom both of trade and production the
British duty of 3s. Cd. per pound on leaf
tobacco, accompanied by a prohibition of
its domestic culture, lest such culture
may interfero with tho revenue, thus des
Iotically sacrificing tho freedom of British
producers to tho interests of tho revenue.
As more than half the customs revenue
of England is derived from tobacco, and
i"ore than half tho leaf tobacco Imported
liies from tho United States, Ameri
c n :rotcctionitsdeny that the British tariff
s-i-d.s for free trade in any sense as between
America nnd England, and on tho contrary
assert that England levies on one of the chief
products imported from America a discrim
inating duty four times higher than any duty
laid in America on any English product, and
that this duty is, as to the British manufac
turer, thoroughly protective, however de
structive it may bo to tho producer. (3) The
American protectionists also recognize as
protection England's annual subsidies paid to
ocean steamer linos to the amount of from
$4,HI0,(I00 to jr.,000,000 a year for forty years
past They would that the American govern
ment had rivaled England's liberality in this
sphere of protection. (4) They recognize as
proti-ction England's abstinence from all
taxation of capital, land, ships and machin
ery, which places It at an advantage in all
the comietitions of British producers with
American, since every dollar of the capital
Invested by Americans in land, machinery,
l.-inks. ships and railways pays taxes on tho
I'rinciiml.
(5) They recognizo ns protection England's
colonial and ti-eaty system, the consequence
of three centuries of foreign conquest,
lucked by her existing system of military
prelection to her export trml. By all these
meitis Eiigluml makes 500.000,000 barbarians
tributary to tho profits of her manufacturers
and in some degree to tho wages of her employe-.
She thus maintains, by meuns of
foreign military protection to her export
trade! und not, as some zealous dupes imag
ine, by means of her replenl of the protcc
tii.n once given to her farmers, a higher rate
of profits ami wages than Is maintainable in
France. Germany or Russia, which have
fewer facilities for practicing a military pro
tection to their foreign trado.
OS) They recognize as protection also the
fixing of judicial rents hi Ireland by the
government nfter freo trade in corn had de
stroyed the lower of tho farmers to pay cus
tomary rents or even to enter into any freo
contracts with their landlords.
AVliile England thus practices six distinct
forms of protection, all of which are either
of a kind or in a degree unknown in Amer
ica, American protectionists regard itos thei
iieij'ht of impertinence for Englishmen to'
pretend that English trade is any freer from
legislative influence tlinn American trade.
American protectionists further perceive
clearlv that freo trade, in ono form or
another, brought on tho severe commercial
crisis of lT to 1S10 in tho United States, of
1si7 in tho United States, of 1847 in England,
and of 1S-17 i:i bcth tho United States and
Entiland; that the Tinted States never passed
thronsh twenty-four years withou a com
mercial crisis, except in the recent protective
lierioil of from 18(50 to 18S3.
Democratic administrations, however, usu
allvgct in under a Janus faced platform,
after protection has created a surplus in the
treasury and a boom in prosperity, and go
out leaving n deficit In the treasury and a
commercial crash on tbo country. They aro
repeating now tho exact role they accom
plished in 1833 to 1S37, nnd again in ISiOJto
1S57 of finding tho country prosperous and
leaving it wrecked, and of finding the trea
sury full nnd leaving it empty.
Protectionists know that a protective tariff
stands in the samo relation to a nation as tho
familv income does to a family. They don't
go about tellinc; how deeply they would lovo
tho country if it would only dispense with its
national income and its industrial fences.
Protection means simply the level headed
common sense of all mankind, refined In tiass
ing through tho critical investigation of the
world's acutcst statesmen, and applied to the
shnplo problem of looking out for homo In
dustry first As the apostles wero com
manded, in the most cosmopolitan of all In
junctions, "Go ye into all the world and
preach tho Gospel to every creature, begin
ning nt Jerusalem," so protection says to
men, "Let your foreign trade bo based upon
your homo trade."
Having thus pointed out the seven heads
of the Freo Trado Beast, the inquiry may,
perhaps, be raised: "How about its ten
horns" The president, in that devoutly total
abstinent spintof which he is so distinguished
au apostle, has assured tho Democratic party
that liquors of any kind are not necessaries.
It mny, therefore, seem for tho moment
probable that the beast has cast his horns or
at least that the number has been officially
reduced below ten. We do not dissent from
the trulv Democratic proposition, now for
tho first "timo uttered by authority of that
party, that tho world can be run without
anv liquors whatever. We can hardly re
frain from reminding tho Democratic party,
however, of the untoward consequences
which resulted to the Siamese twins from the
adoption ot the anatomic theory that either
of them could survive without the other.
When the cord that bound them was severed
both expired. It is possible that a few things
can be done by the Democratic party with
les3 than its traditional ten horna. But it
should bear in mind that whisky and Democ
racy have hitherto been such indissoluble
twins that thero aro strong scientific grounds
for apprehending that when the country gets
ready to do without ono tho other will per
ish. In that caso no further doubt will be
felt as to where the ten horns of the btait
were located. VaxBcbet Dx&UjOW.
He Drew the Line.
Minister (discussing religions matters)
Of course, Mr. Hendricks, one can le
too narrow in his ideas regarding the o!h
servance of the Sabbath, but there is
fishing, for instance. Do you think it is
right to fish on Sunday?
Mr. Hendricks (evasively) Well er
I think I would draw the line at fishing
on Sunday. Texas Siftinss.
To Save Life
Frequently requires prompt action. An
hour's delay waiting for the doctor may
be attended with serious consequences,
especially in cases of Croup, Pneumonia,
and other throat and lung troubles.
Hence, no family should be without a
bottle of AyeFa Cherry Pectoral,
which has proved itself, in thousands of
cases, the best Emergency Medicine
ever discovered. It gives prompt relief
and prepares the way for a thorough
cure, which is certain to be effected by
its continued use.
S. II. Latimer, M. D., Mt. Vernon,
Ga., says: 4 I have found Ayer'a Cherry
Pectoral a perfect cure for Croup in all
cases. I have known the worst cases
relieved in a very short time by its use;
and I advise all families to use it in sud
den emergencies, for coughs, croup, &c."
A. J. Eidson, M. I)., Middletown,
Tenn., says : " I have used Ayer'a
Cherry Pectoral with the best effect in
my practice. This wonderful prepara
tion once saved my life. 1 had a con
stant cough, night sweats, was greatly
reduced in flesh, ami given up by my
physician. One bottle and a half of the
Pectoral cured me."
44 1 cannot say enough in praise of
Ayer's Cherry " Pectoral," writes E.
Bragdon, of Palestine, Texas, "believ
ing sis I do that, but for it use, I should
long since have died."
Ayer's Cherry Pectoral,
rRKPABKD BY
Dr. J. C. Ayer & Co., Lowell, Mass.
Sold by all Druggtou. Price 1 ; six UoUiea, fi.
Bnckten's Arnica Salve.
The Best Salve in the world for Cuts,
Bruises, Sores, Ulcers, Salt Rheum,.
Fever Sores, Tetter, Chapped Hands,
Chilblains, Corns, und all Skin Erup
tions, and positively cures Piles, or no
pay required. It is guaranteed to give
perfect satisfaction, or money refunded.
Price 25 cents per Imx. For salo by
Dowty & Becher. july27
Nothing lasts but the church.
Tho Commercial Travelers Protective
Association of the United States, has a
membership of over sixteen thousand
and is probably the strongest association
of the kind in tho world. Mr. John l.
Stone, their national secretary and treas
urer, 79 Dearbone street, Chicago, in a
letter states that he has been severely
troubled at times, for the past twenty
years, with cramp and bilious colic
which would compel him to take to liis
bed from three to six days while in St.
Louis at their last annual meeting he
procured a bottle of Chamberlain's Colic,
Cholera and Diarrhoea Remedy and has
since used it with the best results. It is
the only remedy he ever found that ef
fected a rapid and complete cure. No
one can safely travel without it. Sold by
Dowty & Becher.
There is no great banquet, but 6ome
fears ill.
Brare Up.
You are feeling depressed, your apa
tite is poor, you are bothered with head
ache, you are fidgety, nervous, nnd gen
erally out of sorts, and want to brace up.
Brace up but not with stimulants, spring
medicines, or bitters, which have for
their basis very cheap, bad whisky, and
which stimulate you for an hour,and then
leave you in worse condition than before.
What you want is an alterative tliat will
purify your blood, start healthy action
of Liver and Kidneys, restore your vi
tality, nnd give renewed health and
strength. Such a medicine you will find
iu Electric Bitters, and only 50 cents a
bottle at Dowty & Becher's drug store.
Nothing dries sooner than a tear.
The True 3lethod
Of curing habitual constipation, and
liver and kidney ills, is to avoid the nso
of the bitter drastic liver medicinos and
cathartics, and take the only pleasant
liquid fruit remedy, Syrup of Figs. It
cleanses as well as strengthens the sys
tem, and does not leave the bowels cos
tive,so that regular habits may be form
ed, and the invalid presently restored to
health. It acts promptly and effective
ly; it is easily taken, and perfectly harm
less. For sale only by Dowty & Becher.
In a leopard the spots are not observ
ed.
Their HuMiiexH Booming.
Probably no one thing has caused such
a general revival of trade at Dowty &
Becher's drug store as their giving
away to their customers of so many freo
trial bottles of Dr. King's New Discov
ery for consumption. Their trade is
simply enormous in this very valuable
article from the fact that it always cures
and never disappoints. Coughs, Colds,
Asthma, Bronchitis, Croup, and all
throat and lung diseases quickly cured.
You can test it before buying by getting
a trial bottle free, large size SI. Every
bottle warranted.
In the husband wisdom, in the wife
gentleness.
Sooths and Heals.
SANTA ABIE Booths and heals the
membniiK's of tho throat and liiiu-S
when poisoned and inflamed by diotso.
It prevents night sweats and tightness
r.cross the chest, cures colds, croup,
asthma, coughs, bronchitis, pneumonia,
whooping cough and all other throat
Mil lung troubles. No other medicine
.- : successful in curing nasal catarrh
,.- ALIFORXIA CAT-R CURK. The
-:.ormoiis and increasing demand for
'.hese standard California remedies con
ilrui their merits. Sold and absolutely
guaranteed by Dowty k Becher at SI a
package. Three for 82.50.
None is offended but by himself.
Ah Absolute Core.
The ORIGINAL ABIETINE OINT
MENT is only put up in large two-ounce
tin boxes, and is an absolute cure for
old sores, burns, wounds, chapped hands
and all kinds of skin eruptions. Will
positively cure all kinds of piles. Aak for
tho ORIGINAL ABITINE OINTMENT
Sold by Dowty & Becher at 25 cents per
box by mail 30 cents. mar7y
He cannot be viatuous that is not re
ligious. On and after April 29th, tho day
coaches on the Union Pacific's No. 3,
known as the "Overland Flyer," will lie
taken off, to better enable it to make
time. This will add largely to the popu
larity that has already been gained by
this fast train. After that date it will
carry only passengers holding first-class
tickets, to points where the train makes
regular stops, between Conncil Bluffs
and Ogden. Such passengers must pur
chase tickets for seats or berths in Pull
man, sleepers, before entering the cars.
':-.::; urn m,
k !w &ixn.SC 'ji ivr 3B1S
This is the Top of tlie Genuine
Pearl Top Lamp Chimney.
Allothers, similar are imitation.
3jj:
This exact Label
is on eacli rearl
fop v. himney.
A dealer may say
and think he has
others as good.
BUT KF. KAS NOT.
Insist upon the Exact Label and Top. j
FOR 5AIE EVEKTWHLEE. MADE ONLY BY
GEO. A. MACBETH & CO., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Health is Wealth !
Dn. E. (. Wkst's Nkiive and Kbm.n Tukat
MKNT, a Kiinrnntft'd i-pcifie Tor Hjs-terin, Dizzi
nen, Convnltion.", Fitu, NTns Neuralgia,
lleiulachi. Nervous. Frustration vauttil hy tin use
of alcohol or tobacco, Wakefulm, Mental De
pression, Softening of tho ltmin reuniting in iu
tumit anil leading to misery, decay nnd death.
Premature Old Age, Ilarrennewf. Ijwk of ixiwer
in either hex. Involuntary Loft and Seriinnt
orrheca canned hy over-exertion of the lirain.sel:
ahuiw or over indulgence. Ench Ixix contains
one ruonthV treatment. 1.1)0 a lx, or cix lnixe
for $r.U).tent hy mail reaid on receipt of price.
, -WE GUARANTEE SIX BOXES
To cure any cane. With each order rcceited liyu
lor bix boxen, accompanied with $-.w, we will
rend tho purchaser our written guarantee- to re
fund tho money it the treatment does not ellect
a cure. GuamiitecM issued only by Dowty .V
Ileclier. druggists, sole agents, Columbus, NVb.
dec7'87y
JSTOWS THE TIME
to have jour friends come to
Kansas and Nebraska,
as eastern lines will sell tickets ami run
SEIU-IU7 LUIS ZSCU&SIONS
to all KANSAS and NKHCASKA points
-IHEHTHK
UNION PACIFIC
"Tke Overland Route."
Until July 1, lSsS, tickets sold for thee excur
sion will Im good thirty iIhjh for the round trip,
and can lie nsed ten dnjs going. When purchas
ers are ready to return, these tickets will lie giMxl
tivedajs for that purpose. If purchasers wish
to Mop short of destination on our lines, agents
will stamp good to return from such point.
J.S.TEBBETS, E.L.LOMAX,
(ien. P. .t T. Agent, Asst ( J. P. J: T. A.
024AX2.A. NEB.
English Spavin Liniment removes all
hard, soft or calloused lumps and blem
ishes from horses; blood spavin, curbs,
splints, sweeney, ring-bone, stifles,
sprains, all swolen throats, coughs, etc.
Save $TA) by use ofone bottle. Warranted.
Sold by C. 11. Stillinan, druggist, Co
umbus. 0 ly
It is not good iishiug before the not.
Daily excursions have been arranged
for over the Union l'acilin 1 tail way, to
San Francisco, San Diego, Colton, Los
Angeles, San Bernardino and San Jose,
California, also to Portland, Oregon, ut
$80.00 for tho round trip. Tickets are
good 00 days for the going passage and
good for the return trip for six months
from date of sale, with the usual stop
over privileges in both directions within
these limits. These tickets are also good
by way of Denver and Salt Lake City in
each direction. Tho Agent, Mr. J. It.
Meagher, tells us quite a number are
thinking of making tlio trip soon, and it
would be well for thoso intending to go
in select parties to see him and arrange
for their accommodations. Mr. J. 11.
Frawley, Traveling Agent, Union Pacific,
at Omaha, is arranging for tliee select
parties, and will bo glad to givo any fur
ther information in regard to theso ex
cursions. Parties who prefer can corres
pond with Mr. J. Tebbets, G. P. & T. A.,
Omaha, Neb.
When my hotiso burns it is not good
playing at chess.
ti'arnclil Hranch,
On tho Great Salt Lake near Salt Lake
City, on the Union Pacific, "Tho Over
land Route," will bo formally opened to
tho public on Decoration day, May 30th.
Ample accommodations havo been pro
vided, and tho Pacific hotel company
will have charge of the hotel accommo
dations at this famous resort under tho
supervision of the Union Pticitic railway.
No pains or expense havo been spared to
make this the summer resort of the west.
It is only eighteen miles from Salt Lake
City on the Utah & Nevada branch of the
Union Pacific. Trains will bo run at
fiequent intervals daily between Salt
Lake City and the Beach. Cheap trains,
eood baths, and excellent meals will be
among the attractions. 3tf
No barber shaves so close but another
finds work.
The Pavtrnser Department
Of the Union Pacific, "The Overland
Route," has gotten out a fly-bill design
ed to call attention to tho summer ro
sorta along the line of this railway. It
is a good bill and tourists, pleasure
seeker, siiortsiiien and fishermen should
apply at once to J. S. Tebbets, General
Passenger agent, Omaha, Neb., for in
formation in regard to the points or in
terest along the line, liefore deciding
where they will spend tho summer sea
son, or vacation holidays. 3tf
; NJOBRASKA
FAMILY : JOUltNAL
A Vkly Newspaper Is.sni'il every
Wednesday.
32 Columns of reading matter, nit-
ssiUr ,,r xeraska State News
itt.,s, Seleeted Stories and
)J jsr(.l 1 ;U1 v.
r-Svtin.l. copien sent .-. to any uJlres- -Z
j
suWription ,.riee,
"Jtr in Mvance-
M. K. Tpknki: Ar Co.,
Col 11 tubus,
Platte Co., Nebr.
LOUIS SCHBEIBEH.
ttii
AH kinds of Repairing done on
Short Notice. Buggies, Wag
ons, etc., made to order,
and all work (Juai
anteed. Also sell the world-famous Walter A.
Wood Mowers, Reapers, Combin
ed Machines, Harvesters,
and Self-binders the
best made.
IgTShop opposite the "Tatters-ill," on
tUlvo St.. COLUMBUS. '2xi-m
It I A I II If REWARDED nro tlioeo
If II Ul W who read tins anil then Rpr.
they win nnn iionoraii iu
III VIIIb.I ployment that will not I.tki.
them from their hornet anil fmnili.f. !'!.
profits arc hirer ami Hiiro for eiury iinliistriiii
iHTMin, man) have mailu and are now niakiii,;
i-eteral hundred dollars a. month. It is c!ij f..r
any one to nmke j.' anil upwiinlt. per i1h, wln is
willing to work. Kither fox, )iiiik or old. eapi
tnl not neelel;we start ju. Kicrjtliiii new
No necinl ability required; you, reader, ean do
it as well as any nm-. Write to us at one for
full particulars, which we mail free. Addretvi
Sliusou A. ( ':, l'urtlnnil. Me. ilecOjj
DSHENDERSON
.09 H 111 W. Ninth St. KANSAS QITY. M0
The only Specialist in the Gty icho it a Regular
Graduate in Medicine Over 20 yean' I'ractice,
12 years in Chicago.
THE OLDEST IN AGE, AND LONGEST LOCATED.
Authorized tv the Mate to tffut
Chronic. Nirvousaml "Special lih
eases." Seminal weaKiies imu'tc
il.tw.n .Sexual DebllltV ( w mil
fier). Nervous Debility, l'olsoiietl
BIOiKl.UlceniiiKlswemiiKsoi every
kind. Urinary Diseaa.es. anil lu fact,
all troubles or illseaea In eitbr
male or female. Cures cuarfuitenl
or money refunded. Charges low. Tliotisnwb of
cases cureil. Kxneriencels Important. AU meili
cines are Kuarantceil to bepure and eflU-acioiis.
being compounded in my perfectly apointe.
laboratory, and are f urnlslnsl ready for use. No
runnimc to dni stores to hav? uncertain pie
Kcriptlous tilled. No mercury or injurious niedl
cines used. Xodetention from business. I'Htinitn
at a distance treated by letter uml express, inedi
cines sent everywhere free from j?az or lireaii
age. Stale your case and wild for tenus on
sulfation free und contldentlal, personally or l.y
letter.
A M pae "Pfimr For Both Sexe. snt
illustrated JJW.1X sealed in plain envelop
for be. in stamps. Kvery male, from the aije of
15 to 45, .should read this book.
RHEUMATIS
THE 6REAT TURKISH RHEUMATIC CUBE.
X POSITIVE CCRE (or RHEUMATISM.
BlffifflilifflWaiiifMer
K-
A&O fur aaj e&ie thi trvatniiDt foil to I
cure or hlp. lire tu ill-Korenr la anoalt I
r nxillciD. One do" git rrllff. afew
doses reiuiTn rerrr and Daln In loluts-
Care eorailctd InSloTdsju. Snlrte-I
mnt of c with st&mp fur Circulars. I
Call, or atldreo I
Dr.HENDERSON,l09W.9thSt.,KansiCity,Mo.
ibronchltiSvTt
Tl i c r rtTFTijOA uT .'i-
KyW'LVVn't
L r r w&s r-S-rf " Gfl?f
(Send for Circot.ir.Sl trhrtU3fr9.-
lAHHyTINE: MCDCQ-OROyflLE. CAU.I
M
VSfL unt l'-a' , n ri V
Xte-ljnznTU-XtjK GUAHAriTEED
$j5!32XATARRH
ABHTINEMDluVORQVILLE CAL
SMTUIIE CAT-R-CURE
FOR BALK 1!Y
IOWTY Jfc BKCIIETt.
Trade supplied by tho II. T. (XiBK Dbco Co.,
Lincoln, NaS. 7marSd-ly.
injjwx. -Taster cc.yy? cougjiA
v.
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