Nebraska Newspapers

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obmbvi
Imtnral
VOL. XVIII -NO. 52.
COLUMBUS, NEB., WEDNESDAY, APRIL 18, 1888.
WHOLE NO. 936.
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COLUMBUS
STATE BANK.
COMIMItlJS, NEB.
Cash Capital
$75,000.
IWUKCIOJW:
LEANDKIt (iKKKABl). Pre-.'t.
(5KO. W. HULST, Vice Pre-'t.
.iuuih a. i:kki.
K. I!. UKNKV.
.1. i:. TASKKIJ, tVhter.
Hank of leiOHi, IMwouil
and K-lutBK.
'llectiotaNlromiiIy Mad
Mil oltatf.
la.y luterNt ob Time liepo
It. 274
OK
COLUM BUS, NEB.
CAPITAL STOCK,
$i0,OUO.
OlTlCKltS
C. II. SHELDON. PiWt.
V. A. MeALMSTKK. Viv Pro.'.
ItOBl-'lirUHLIC. Cashier.
DANIEL SCH BAM, A't Cash.
i
DIBKCTOBS:
J. I'. BECKEB. 11. I'. 11. OLHLBICH,
jonas welch, cabl belnke,
ii. m. w1nslow.
l
This Bunk transact a regular Bunking Busi
ness, willidlou iut.rrt on time d.-potits, make
collection-, luj or sell eiilmiitf. .n Unite.l
States and Kmope. and l.uj anil wll available
seciiritiei.
o
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We solicit .Miur uttrnuii-'. We guarantee satU
f act ion in all l.ii-unw intrusted in oui one.
derii"-!
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Or 42. W. KIIII.KK,
Travel in;; Sulesnuia.
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ticular, ami so guaranteed.
SCHJ.FFROTH & PLITH,
llKU.Klls IX -
WIND MILLS,
AND PUMPS.
Buckeye Mower, combined, Self
Binder, wire or twine.
Pumps Repaired on short notice
j3-0ne door wo-t of IlointzV Drue Store. 11th
street, Columbus, Nob. 17nov!-tl
HENRY G-ASS.
COFFINS AND METALLIC CASES
AND DEALER IS
Furniture, Chairs, Bedsteads, Bu
reaus, Tables, Safes. Lounges,
&c. Picture Frames and
Mouldings.
ZWJtejiairing of all kind of Uphol
stery Goods.
6-Tf COLUMBUS, NEBRASKA.
PATENTS
Caveats and Trad Mark obtained, and all Pat
ent basin-- conductM for MODERATE FEES.
OUR OFFICE IS OPPOSITE U. S. PATENT
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direct, hence we can tran-art intent business in
less time and at LESS COST than tho r.-inote
from Washington. ....
Send model, drawmp, or photo, with descnn
tion. We adis if ptstpntable or not, free of
charge. Our fee not due till intent is secured.
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WESTERN
COTTAGE ORGAN
-r i-i.
INTERESTING PEOPLE
WHO INHABIT TROPICAL ISLANDS
IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC.
Natives of tint Gilbert Islands Many
Specimens of Manly and Womanly
Beauty A Curious CrowdAt Horn la
the Water A Shark.
A getitleninn who has visited many of
the out of the way corners of the world
Kites the following account of a group of
South sea island. Unit are rarely visited
by white men:
There ii a race of people living almost
exactly equidistant between the two con
tinents of America and Asia, who, though
they dwell in the tropics and are not far
distant from lauds which are types of the
luxiiriouMiens of vegetation, the abund
ance of moisture and the variety of scen
ery associated generally with the equa
torial regions of the world, utill have no
word.- in their primitive language for
.u:-h natural features as a river, stream,
lake, pond, spring or other body of fresh
water: or fora mountain, hill, valley, plain,
crag or b'uil; fora meadow, pasture, lield
or grass plat of any kind; for any four footed
animal, save, jierhaps, a species of rat;
for any land bird: for but two or three
llouers or fruit:, and for no mineral., or
metals, simply because none of these
physical features lrelong to their land.
None of the fauna and llora so common
elsewhere are indigenous to that country.
This singula:- region is now called tho
'(filbert Islands," formerly known as tho
"King-mull J roup," and locally, as tho
"liadick Chain" of Coral Atolls. They
lie between 17u degs. and 177 degs. "W.
and 2 clegs. S. and "'0 mins. N. of the
equator. On the isothermic charts they
are encircled by a line of their own, with
in which prevails the highest average
temperature of any spot iu the world, not
that it seems to be very "hot" there, but
the temperature varies but little night or
lay. winter or summer.
The group is made up of some fifteen
island; lying close to each other in a long
chain, rinmii.g nearly north and south.
Each island is made of coral, built, prob
ably, on volcanic peaks, which are either
the remains of a sunken continent or the
highest point of areas of slowly rising
land. Whichever hypothesis is correct
there, thee wonderful inlands are thou
sands of miles distant from the nearest
important bodies of land, each lying to
quote lrofe..-or Dana's words in his
Coral and Coral Islands" "like a
wreath thrown uon the water" in the
illimitable waste of the Pacific.
The Gilbeit Islanders, while probably
ncai ij" related to the llawaiians, are not
their equals physically or mentally. Still
they aie a linn looking jieople, and among
them may be found many specimens of
manly and womanly beauty. There is no
dilliciilty in noting their physical charac
teristics, as the ordinary 'clothing" of
the men is a short mat wrapped around
the middle, and of the women a thick
fimged belt tied alwut the hips just below
the waist. Sometimes the females this
older ones are further screened by a
child carelessly thrown over the back or
tiding astride of one hip, but this is only
done when the howling youngsters refuse
to be left behind when the villagers rush
to the beach to see the white strangers.
The young girls ofteu coquettishly
screen their heads aud necks from the
sun with broad fans simply braided from
a palm leaf. One article of dress they
much n fleet are pretty little models of a
woman's bonnet of the "coal scuttle"
pattern. These are not worn on the head,
where they would look ridiculous, being
only big enough for a small doll, but are
fastened to their coal black, glossy hair,
which is very abundant, and of which
they are very vain.
This rather scant costume is completed
by suspending about the neck a fiat disk
cut from a pearly shell, but that this is
not strictly an essential part of their dress
was proven by their taking off and giving
us seeral of them for tobacco!
The crowd that mustered on the beach
as we landed was noisy and curious, but
good naturally When, as happened
in a few instances, t hey were not accus
tomed to a near view of "white" men,
they the young witches of girls especially
indulged in much merriment at our un
couth appearance. They made great fun,
our interpreter told us. of the heavy
"homes" (broad leafed hats) we wore, of
our being wrapped up in clothes, and of
our feet lieing cased in little canoes (our
shoes), so that we could hardly wade
through the loose, dry sand.
But when from the pockets of our
"loose skins" we drew plugs of tobacco,
their ridicule changed to respectful ad
miration, and a hundred little attentions
were paid us. They knew what tobacco
was. and coveted it.
The Gilbert Islanders manage to have a
good deal of fun. Being as much at homo
iu the water as they are on what land
they have, they all big and little go in
bathing at all hours of the day and moon
light nights. What they can't do In and
under the water isn't worth attempting.
In the serious business of fishing, too,
they are up to all sorts of tricks. A man
will provide himself with a lot of water
tiuht cocoanut shells as floats, and from
each he suspends three or four short lines
armed with fish hooks made out of sharp
lish bones. These lie takes in his canoe,
and, going out a little way. baits his
hooks and sets the shells floating about.
Soon he will see one bob and whirl
around, and then, slipping overboard, he
disappears under the water for a time.
While down he goes from float to float,
detaching the fish from the hook, stowing
them into a net hung around his neck;
baits the hook from a supply he carries in
his mouth, and eventually returns to his
canoe with his net crowded full. All this
he does without taking breath, appar
ently. At times they will discover some spot
in the lagoon where a shark has estab
lished himself. They will feed .him for a
da or two with a mixture of fish and
cocoanut meat utitil he is gorged. Then,
calliug the village out to help iu the sport,
a thick rojie of c-ocoanut fibre is laid along
the beach, the noosed end being carried
out in a canoe until over the sleeping
brute. One man then slides overboard,
and, quietly descending, manages to slip
the noose over the shark's tarl and draw
it tight. This lieing done, tlie sitnial is
given, and as the crowd of villagers,
chanting merrily, tramp over the beaoh
with the rope, the infuriated but helpless
shark i.- d ranged backward on to the
shore, and there dispatched with clibs.
It is great fun for he simple minted na
tives. San Francisco Bulletin.
Scene oa the Bowery.
There was a queer scene on the Bowery
n day or two ago, when 9116 of the clothing
houses gave away 1,000 overcoats to poor
boys, demanding a quarter from each boy,
for some wise reason not clearly ex
plained. The little gamins who sell the
papers got most of them. Possibly you
think that was good, and that they would
le snug and warm this winter. Well, I
don't know. They are, beyond and above
all other, the strangest part of our popu
lation. They are like bttle rats or foxes.
Their origin is easy to get at; they are the
children of love, of paupers, of vaga
bonds, and of the squalid tenement dis
tricts. Thousands either have no homes
or else don't go to them, but live in lodg
ings, newsboys' homes, and in wagons,
garrets, cellars and the general poke holes
of the city. The .bootblacks are their
brothers and chums, and live in the same
way. They all smoke either stumps,
picked up, or cigarettes at two for a cent.
Their gtoves are the fixating oyer boilers
under the streets; their dissipation is at
tendance of the galleries of the cheapest
variety shows; their best fun is found in
fighting.
"They are wild beasts," said the clerk
in the publication office of a newspaper
the other day. "They are devoid of atrec
tion and gratitude. They swear at you if
you speak kindly to them, run away from
you if you offer them advice, jeer at you
if you are well dressed and pass a group
of them. If we take pity on them and in
vite them into the press room in cold
weather they break the windows, hack
the woodwork and even go so far as to
take stones or weights and break thb
heaviest iron work. While they wait in
the office to buy papers they dig trenches
iu the counters with the steel pens and
break the holders in two. One day one of
the clerks gave one of these boys a good
derby hat that he had tired of. Another
clerk asked the boy why he did not say
'Thank you.' 'A-a-a-h,' the boy replied,
go chuck your mother overboard.'
'What are you going to do with the hat'
the clerk asked. 'Sell it in Baxter street
for fifteen cents he replied, 'and play
cruso wid de money."' Julian Ralph's
New York Letter.
Proof or the Karth'a Motion.
Any one can prove the rotary motion of
the earth on its axis by a simple experi
ment. Take a good sized bowl, fill It nearly
full of water, and place it upon the floor
of a room which is not exposed to shaking
or jarring from the street.
Sprinkle over the surface of the water a
coating of lycopodium powder, a white
substance, which is sometimes used for
the purposes of the toilet, and which can
be obtained at almost any apothecary's.
Then, upon the surface of this coating of
powder, make, with powdered charcoal, a
straight, black line, say an inch or two
inches in length.
Having made this little black mark
with the charcoal powder on the surface
of the contents of the bowl, lay down
upon the lloor, close to the bowl, a stick
or some other straight object, so that it
shall be exactly parallel with the mark.
If the line happens to be parallel with a
crack in the lloor, or with any stationary
object iu the room, this will serve as well.
leave the bowl undisturbed for a few
hours, and then observe the position of
the black mark with reference to the ob
ject that it was parallel with.
It will be found to have moved about,
and to have moved from east to west,
that is to say, in that direction opposite
to that of the movement of the earth on
its axis.
The earth, in simply revolving, has
carried the water and everything else in
the bowl around with it, but the powder
on the surface has been left liehind a
little. The lino will always be found to
have moved from east to west, which is
perfectly good proof that everything else
has moved the other way. German
Journal.
Society in Washington.
There was a big ball at the British le
gation last, night, and the thousand win
dows of the great palace glittered and
glowed. The picture of Victoria, at the
head of the landing, looked down on the
throng, and looked like old Mother Eng
land pronouncing a benediction on her
American children. Sir Lionel SackvBle
West, the British minister, is one of the
most popular iu Washington. He is fond
of society, and entertains a great deal.
To-night there is to be a cabinet dinner
nt the White House, aud the president
and Mrs. Cleveland will wine and dine
the various ministers. As I write this
the White House gardeners are taking
the plants from the conservatories and
putting them in the various corridors,
aud more than $1,000 worth of flowers
have been used in decoration. I wish I
could describe to you some of the dishes
which will appear on that White House
table. The terrapin stew would make
your mouth water, and you would feel
like the boy with his nose against the
glass of the candy window, as you read of
the pate de foi gras and other French
dishes. You will not, however, have the
headaches of to-morrow, and, as a rule,
the man who makes the most out of a big
dinner is he who declines the invitation.
Carpenter's Letter.
How They Marry in India.
At Trirhur, in the East Indies, a town
inhabited chiefly by Xairs, the laud hold
ing class of the coast, divorce seems to be
as simple as marriage is easy. The Nair
lady is a very independent person. Some
one offers a cloth; that is the proposal. If
she accepts it, that is the marriage. If
she gets tired of her husband she gets rid
of him and takes up with another, and is
not held to have behaved disgracefully in
so doing. To give a cloth as a present is
a very common thing in India. By cloth
is meant the garment worn by women in
the. east, and it may be very plain and
cheap or very rich and costly. But here,
whatever kind of cloth it be, to give one
is very significant, as a distinguished visi
tor to Trichur found when he offered one
to a Nair lady in whose house he had re
ceived some civility. Whatever opinion
may be held from a moral point of view
of these marriage relations, they result in
manly males and for the most part comely
and very often beautiful females. Pall
Mall Gazette.
To Ventilate a Room.
The best way to ventilate a room that I
know of is to put a board, long enough to
fit exactly in the window frame, and
about six inches high, under the lower
sash. If you remember the construction
of window sashes you will know that this
consequent raising of the lower one will
leave spaces between the glass and the
woodwork, through which fresh air can
obtain a gradual entrance into the room.
Its course is made somewhat tortuous
and till draught thereby prevented.
When it reaches the inside it has an up
ward direction, too, and is not likely to
come iu contact with tender craniums.
It is important, iu using this kind of ven
tilation, that the board fit accurately
under the window, so that no little spaces
be left for the air to blow through. New
York World.
Europe's Armies and Navies.
The men in actual service at the present
time in the armies and navies of Europe
is in excess of 4,000,000, and it undoubt
edly requires the product of one operative
or peasant laborer to sustain one soldier.
The present aggregate annual direct war
expenditure of the world is probably in
excess of $1,000,000,000. We express
this expenditure in terms of money, but it
really means work performed; not that
abundance of useful aud desirable things
may be increased but decreased; not that
human toil and suffering may be light
ened, but augmented. Hon. David A.
Wells in Popular Science Monthly.
A Freak of Nature.
A singular freak of nature, originally
discovered in western Australia, is likely
to remain unexplained. It consists of
nine fine pearls adhering together in the
form of a Latin cross seven in the shaft,
and one on each side of the second pearl.
A suggestion is that a fragment of sea
weed in the shell of the oyster formed the
frame on which the cross was built.
Maccaroni Versus Alcoholism.
"No man," says a prominent Philadel
phia physician, who is an enthusiastic
vegetarian, "who eats pound of macca
roni daily, aud the balance of whose food
is of a kindred nature, will ever become a
drunkard." Brooklyn Eagle.
IN NEW GUINEA.
CHARACTER AND CUSTOMS OF VIC
TORIA'S CANNIBAL SUBJECTS.
Work of Three English Missionaries.
Houses In High Trees Cannibalism
As a Token of Affection The Sago In
dun try UiriN of Paradise.
And now what is the character of this
land which, after so many abortive at
tempts, has at last come to the birth of
annexation Along the coast of a consid
erable part of it missionaries have been
established for some seventeen years
now. There are three English mission
aries and many Polynesian converts who
act as teachers and preachers. And,
whatever opinion may be held of the work
of missionaries in general, there are no
two opinions held by those who know the
place about the good that has been done
by these New Guinea men.
Their aim has not been to add a num
ber of baptisms to their record, as savages
bang scalps to their girdle for an evidence
of their success; nor have they measured
the Christianity of their converts by the
amount of clothing which they wear. But
they have instilled confidence in the good
ness of human nature where there was
none before; tliey have taught the ad
vantages of peace and industry where be
fore there was only unceasing bloodshed
and warfare.
Thus a tolerably accurate knowledge
has been gained of the habits of such of
the natives as inhabit the southern coast
line. But of the many thousands who
live in the interior very little has been dis
covered. Among such of the natives as have been
visited, one of the most peculiar charac
teristics is the inaccessible position in
which they frequently place their houses.
This, no doubt, is the direct outcome of
the state of constant intertribal warfare
in which they have so long existed, and
which even now is not altogether stamped
out. Some of their houses are built in
high trees up on the narrowest and most
inaccessible ridges of the mountains. To
these bamboo ladders are the only means
of npproach, and vines are often culti
vated to run up the ladders to give them
strength and make the ascent and descent
easier. Other tribes and there are many
of those living along the coast build their
villages some distance out at sea, ou piles
of mangrove wood, standing eight or ten
feet out of the water. There are villages
of this kind built altogether away from
tho shore, in the shallow waters of the
southern coast, containing as many as
400 or 500 people and perhaps forty or
fifty houses.
It is commonly said, and no doubt is
ofteu the case, that savages eat their van
quished foes iu faith that by so doing they
inherit from them their noblest qualities;
but it appears to be peculiar to the New
Guinea natives to eat their kindred as a
token of affection. A New Guinea boy
was seized and half eaten by one of the
many crocodiles th?.. prey upon the coasts
of the island. His sorrowing parents slew
the offending monster, and rescuing the
half of their beloved son which was still
uneaten, they greedily devoured it iu their
grief. When their kindred die they hang
them up, or lay them on a framework of
bamboos, for the sun to cleanse the bones
of Ile.su. While this is going on they keep
watch near the corpse, and at intervals,
when their grief lecomes too much for
them, they visit it aud smear their bodies
all over with the juices that are dropping
from the dead body. When decay has
done its work the loues are cleaned, and
some of them are buried, while others are
worn as ornaments by the survivors, and
the skulls decorate their houses. In other
tribes the bodies are buried in a sitting
posture up to the neck, and a vessel is
placed over the head. Iu these cases the
skull alone is preserved for ornament, the
rest of the body being left beneath tlusoil.
But though so barbarous in some of
their habits, the natives of this place are
far superior to those of Australia in most
ways. Many of them cultivate plants for
food. Some of them make pottery which
they exchange for sago with those situ
ated iu more fertile districts than them
selves. Others devote all their time to
catching fish, and these, too, they barter
for cocoauuts or yams or banauas, while
most are clever at fashioaing and carving
weapons of offense and shields, and many
can make a tolerable kind of cloth from
the bark of trees, good canoes or service
able bows and arrows.
The sago industry, especially, is a valu
able one. So much food can be produced
with so little labor, and the tree grows
well aud abundantly in New Guinea. The
method of obtaining the sago is to cut
down the tree and remove a slice of bark
from the upper surface of the felled trunk.
The inner wood of the tree, which is
throughout a kind of pith, is then pounded
down with rough instruments made for
the'purpose into the trough formed by the
firm outer bark of the tree.
As this pith is pounded down it is taken
out in vessels formed of the sheathing
leaves of the sago palm and carried to an
other trough near by, formed, like the
first, of the bark of another sago palm.
Here it is pressed through a rough sieve,
formed again of fibers from the sago palm,
into water, where the starchy part dis
solves aud settles in the bottom as a sedi
ment. This sediment, though not the
granulated sago of commerce, is the form
in which the natives eat the food, and it
makes excellent cakes or mush.
Another well known production of New
Guinea is the bird of paradise, the most
beautiful and gorgeous perhaps, except
the peacock, of all known birds. There
are many diffcrcut kinds of them, but all
are beautiful to the eye, though the noises
that they make are somewhat trying to
the ear. They are very shy and difficult
to obtain, but by caution, cleverness and
exceeding great patience the natives suc
ceed in killing them in snares or with
blunted arrows, so as not to injure their
plumage. Cor. San Francisco Chronicle.
Etory of Barbara Frletchie.
That modern tendency to iconoclastn,
which has already destroyed the story of
William Tell and the apple, and has vul
garized so many touching and pathetic
legends of our ehildhood's days, is dis
posed to lay violent bands on Whittier's
heroine, Barbara Frietchie, and to ques
tion not only the reality of the incident
upou which the poem is founded, but the
very existence of such a person as Bar
bara Frietchie.
Protesting that a poet is not bound by
the same rules of veracity which circum
scribe a historian, and that it would have
been entirely legitimate for Whittier to
have invented both his incident and his
heroine, had he seen fit, it must be con
ceded that the weight of evidence is still
in favor of the story as the poet told it.
Last June The Chronicle contained a let
ter in reference to the matter, and a por
trait of the genuine Barbara Frietchie.
but the author of that letter was skeptical
on the subject of the flag incident, for the
reason that the old woman lived two or
three blocks away from the main street of
Frederick, and out of the direct line of
march of Jackson's army. Our corre
spondent at that time gave some incidents
in the life of Barbara Frietchie, which
showed that the waving of an American
flag in the faces of Stonewall Jackson
and his troops might well have been ex
pected from her, and that the only ap
parent difficulty was her not residing on
the main street of Frederick.
But now comes Judge Jordan of Indian
apolis, and says that Barbara Frietchie
did live on the main street in Frederick,
the street through which Gen. Jackson
mqst have eassed with his annT; and
further, that he had been told tnatarebel
soldier who now lives in Maryland had
said that the incident made memorable by
the poem did occur, and that he was a
witness to it.
If it were worth while, there could
doubtless be found many of Jackson's
men who were on the march through
Frederick, aud who could verify Whit
tier's account in the main. Such an inci
dent would not be easily or quickly for
gotten, and is certainly susceptible of
verification, even at this late day. San
Francisco Chronicle.
A Story of Phil Sheridan.
Gen. Sheridan is a conspicuous figure
anywhere. He would attract attention in
any company. It is not surprising that
he is a favorite guest at all social distin
cuished gatherings at the capital. There
is hardly a great dinner given at which he
is not present to lend the glitter of his
successful name to the company. Gen.
Vandever, of California, who was a dis
tinguished soldier in the western army,
once had an encounter with Sheridan,
before" the latter had achieved fame, which
is worth relating. It was in the early
days of the war. Sheridan was then a
captain and chief quartermaster in Gen.
Curtis' army, in Missouri. Sheridan was
disgusted with his position, and was
known as a great fault finder and a re
calcitrant generally. Vandever was com
mander of a regiment aud had been in
structed by Curtis to move forward at
daylight. He sent u messenger to Sheridan
asking him for wagons to be used to carry
the baggage on the march. Sheridan sent
back word that he had no wagons to spare,
and Vandever replied that if he did not
send the wagons nt once he would go and
take them. Sheridan said, laughingly:
'Well, there is no telling what these
volunteer fellows won't do, so I guess I
will scud Vandever the wagons."
Sheridan did not look much like a hero
in those days; he went about iu nu old
buggy, drawn by a mule, unnoticed aud
unsuspected of possessing military quali
ties of the very highest order. His rela
tions with Gen. Curtis were unpleasant,
and he finally resigned, and was
afterward assigned to recruit duty.
While thus engaged he was sent to
Detroit, where he was given command
of a regiment of cavalry, which was soou
sent to the front, and that gave him the
opportunity to display his wonderful fac
ulty for rapidity of action, skill iu combi
nation, and the power of making his men
move as one man, inspired by enthusiasm
to the highest degree of reckless bravery
and daring. Washington Cor. San Fran
cisco Chronicle.
Fanned by a Punkah.
The punkah of India is a long, narrow
fan, suspended by cords from the ceiling;
attached to it is another cord which finds
its way outside through a convenient hole
in the wall or window frame. For the
magnificent sum of three annas (six cents)
the hopeful punkah-wallah sits outsldo
and fills the room with soothing, sleep
producing breezes for the space of a day
or night by a constant see-sawing motion
of the string.
Few Eurojieans are able to sleep at
night or exist during the day without the
punkah-wallah's services for at least nine
months in the year. The slightest negli
gence on his part at night is sufficient to
summon the sleeper instanter from the
land of dreams to the stern reality that
the dusky imp outside has himself dropped
oil to sleep. A pardonable imprecation,
delivered in loud, threatening tones; or in
the case of a person vengefully inclined,
or once too often made a victim, a stealthy
visit to the open door, a well nimed boot,
nnd the pendulous punkah again swings
to and fro, banishing the newly awakened
prickly heat and fanning the recumbent
figure on the charpoy with grateful
breezes that quickly send him off to sleep
again. Thomas Stevens in Outing.
Hereditary Tradesmen in Japan.
The boys seen iu nearly all the places
of skilled labor suggests what is the fact,
that apprentices begin to learn their
trades usually much earlier than in our
country, ho that when majority is at
tained the mastery of the crafts is
thorough. Another striking feature of
the Japanese system is that of heredity.
Skill runs in family lines. Not a few of
the famous artisans of the present decade
are descendants in the ninth, tenth and
even twentieth generation of the founder
of the establishment. I once employed a
carpenter in Fukui, who was proud of his
ancestry of wood workers through twenty
Eeven generations: and the temple records
show such boasting to be true, though
often adoption interrupts the actual blood
Hue. At a papermaker's establishment
in Awotabi, in Echlzen, I dined with the
proprietor, whose fathers first established
the industry a millennium ago, the na
tional history showing also that the Co
reans, before the Ninth century of ourera,
visited the place. Scribner's Magazine.
A Little Too Smart.
I heard the other day of a clerk in n dry
goods store who was smart and quick, a
splendid manager and all that, lie had
an exalted opinion of himself, nnd fre
quently made himself disagreeable by re
marking to his associates that the concern
could not possibly get along without him.
This came to the ears of' the senior part
ner, and the old gentleman called the
clerk into the private office aud said: "Mr.
Jenkins, you have leen very efficient and
we appreciate your services, but I hear
that you have repeatedly asserted that if
you were to die the concern couldn't pos
sibly survive it, and this has worried both
myself and partner very much, for you,
like all men, are liable to die very un
expectedly. We have, therefore, con
cluded to exierinient while wc are in
health and see if the concern will survive
yotir absence. You will, therefore, con
sider yourself dead for one year, and wc
will make an effort to so consider you for
that length of time." Globe-Democrat.
Hell Telephone Stock.
Bell telephone stock, with a par value
of $100 a share, is selling at .StW. It pays
13 per cent, dividends and is supposed to
earn about 30 per cent. The largest block
of the stock is held by the inventor and
his wife. Another large holder is Forbes,
the Boston capitalist, who has a coutrol
ing interest iu the Burlington road nnd is
father-in-law of Perkins, the road's presi
dent. New York Evening World.
Agricultural News.
W. A. Wadsworth, of Livingstou, has
lieen elected president of the New York
state Imard of agriculture; corresponding
secretary, J. S. Woodward, of Niagara.
A scheme is on foot in Manitoba to im
port Icelanders together with their live
stock.
At a late meeting of the New Jersey
State Agricultural society Mr. E. A. Wilk
inson, of Newark, was elected president,
and the old board of directors was re
elected. The export trade in American apples
during the past shipping season fell short
of that of last year.
Syrup of Figs
Is Nature's own true laxative. It is the
most easily taken, and the most effective
remedy known to Cleanse the System
when Bilious or Costive; to dispel Head
aches, Colds and Fevers; to cure Habit
ual Constipation, Indigestion, Piles, etc.
Manufactured only by the California Fig
Syrup Company, San Francisco, Cal. For
sale only by Dowty & Becher. 27-y
FOURTEEN CENTS A DAY.
LOW COST OF THE FREEDOM OF
ENGLAND'S METROPOLIS.
Cheap Lodgings iu the City of London.
I Scene in the Kitchen of a Four Penny
! Lodging House Beclpe lor Pea Soup.
Luxuries Stealing.
I I have often been asked to give some
sstimate of the cost of a tour through
Eugland. Those who have written Inxiks
of travel have generally had plenty of
money and they have given no thought iu
their works to readers of limited means
who have a great desire for the culture
that travel is supposed to bring, butwho
shrink from launching out because of the
expense.
It is to this large class that I address
myself. A recent writer has put forth a
book showing how Europe can be done on
fifty cents a day. As the phrase is iu a
certain American game called poker, I see
his fifty cents and will go him somewhat
better; in other words, I will show him
how the freedom of the city of London,
for instance, can be had at a cost of about
seven pence a day, or fourteen cents in
American money. This will include three
meals a day and lodging at night. Of
course this is only intended for the capi
talist class. Chicago, as everybody
knows, was once offered to a man for a
pair of boots, but as the man didn't have
boots, he failed, to his unavailing regret
ever afterward, to invest iu real estate
that ultimately reached a much higher
figure. So if a man has not the fourteen
cents a day it is useless for him to read
the first part of this article. I will have
pleasure in telling him further on how to
live on nothing a day aud enjoy the lux
ury of a bath every evening as well.
. FOURTEF- CENTS A DAY.
An estimable friend of mine in London
that is, he lives in London during the
season who is a tramp by profession,
told me how a man with an income of
fourteen cents a day could live sumptu
ously, and he even invited me to go nnd
lodge and live with him, which is some
thing, I regret to say, I never had the
courage to do.
Iu all the crowded parts of London can
be seen signs wiich read "Lodgings for
single men, four pence a night." There
are others at lower rates, burof course on
this tour, as I said liefore, wo prefer to
live well rather than merely save money.
You pay your fourpence to a man at the
liottoin of the stair, and until day light
does appear the freedom of the house is
yours. There is a large room called the
kitchen. A good sized fire burns at 0110
end of it, and at that fire you will find
some of the lodgers cooking their evening
meal. I believe that in expensive lodging
houses, such as I speak of, tin dishes ate
provided, the rule being that the last user
washes them at the tap which Hows in a
corner.
At the first dinner that I ordered at
Deluiouico's, in New York, they brought
me so much of each dish that I did not
wonder at the awful price charged, and I
learned afterward that, it is the custom
for two persons to go there together, and
each order is considered more than enough
for two. The tramps of London follow
this high toned precedent. On a pea soup
guzzle four of them generally go in to
gether, and the chances are that when we
enter the kitchen of the fourpenuy lodg
ing hom-e we will be ut once claimed as
partners in u pea soup banquet. My
tramp informs me that the pea soup pre
pared from the tramps' recipe is ouo of
the most sustaining things a man can sub
sist on.
FOR FOCI HCXORY MEX.
Here is the recipe and the cost of It, this
portion being enough for four hungry
men:
One penny's worth of pea flour, ono
penny's worth of bread toasted, one penny
pot herbs, carrots, turnips, leeks, parsley,
etc., half penny's worth onions, half
penny's worth of drippings.
This meal then comes to one penny each,
as there is no charge for lire or cooking
utensils.
Sometimes the tramps go in for the
luxuries of the season and two make u
meal together. Here is the formula, and
in this cose only two go together, so that
the expense Is double the pea soup feast
Half penny's worth of tea, half penny's
worth of sugar, farthing's worth of milk,
one penny three farthings' worth of bread,
one penny's worth of butter.
After the meal the crowd spends the
evening In congenial conversation, diversi
fied often by a fight, which the stalwart
keeper of the house quickly quells with a
club.
Up stairs the lodgers sleep in one large
room. Some of the places merely have
straw scattered on the floor, at other places
rough mattresses are provided. It you
have a penny on your person it will be
stolen before morning. However, this
makes little difference, as stealing is eti
quette in the Hotel de Tramp, and as every
one steals the general financial balance is
not seriously disturbed.
Of course it may be claimed that in this
article I have studied the interests of the
moneyed classes only. That is quite true.
In a future article I will endeavor to show
how a man can go through England with
out any money at all. Luke Sharp in De
troit Free Press.
THE PRISON GRAVEYARD.
iaat Sing's Burying Ground for Convicts.
Death of a Prisoner.
On the side of a steep hill whose peak
is many hundred feet high, and whose
base is at the granite walls of Sing Sing,
are two graveyards divided by a winding
country road. The one nearer the prison
is the old plot that was used for burying
dead convicts until the small stretch of
level ground was thickly sprinkled with
rough wooden crosses and small roughly
carved stones, and then a much larger
place further up the hill was set apart for
this use.
The big prison has stood on its present
site for more than fifty years, aud although
the number of convicts there has in
creased proportionately with the growth
of the population, the average number of
deaths within its walls has not increased..
Humanity and science have cut down the
death rate. On an average ten persons a
year die in the prison, and nearly all of
those who have died have been buriel iu
the prisou graveyard and left there un
disturbed. A few have died by accident
in the work shops, but the percentage of
deaths by accident Is so small as to le
scarcely worthy of note. A large major
ity of deaths has leeii caused by con
sumption, which, however, is rarely con
tracted within the prisou walls. A prisoner
suffering from consumption is shown every
consideration possible with prison discip
line. His work is made light, and as soon
as he shows the symptoms of breaking
down he is sent to the hospital.
In the prison graveyards repose the
bones of about 500 convicts. This makes
the number of deaths average nearly ten
a year. The old graveyard on the slope
nearest the river looks like a deserted
God's acre of olden times. A dozen years
ago, when the burying ground was moved
further up the slope, the fence of the old
place was left to take care of Itself, which
it has failed to do. The mounds have
been beaten down until they are level
with the ground. The rough wooden
crosses that bear a number corresponding
to one In a big ledger In the prison, in
which a record of the dead is kept, stand
in straggling fashion. These were origin
ally unpointed pieces of wood nailed to
gether In the form of a cross, and driven
Into the earth. X few of them have been
cicKea over, out even ou those mat are
still standing the numbers that were on
them once have been so defaced by the
weather that they are scarcely legible.
The newer graveyard is in a much bet
ter condition. The wootleu crosses are
comparatively new, and the numbers that
are on thorn can be plainly seen. At the
head of a few of the mounds stand rough
stones, crudely cut. Every one of these
stones tells a story more pathetic than do
many of the pretentious monuments in
big and finely kept cemeteries. These
stones are all the work of prisoners, who
labor during hours of leisure as acts of
friendship.
When a prisoner is very ill and there
seems to be danger that he will die, his
friends are notified, aud the iron rule of
the prison Is for the time unnoticed. He
is allowed to settle up in the presence of
his friends all of his worldly affairs, and
to have them about his bedside until the
end comes. There are occasions, of course,
and many of them, when tho prisoner is
either absolutely friendless or is only anx
ious to die without making his shame
known to his friends. When the end
comes the body is then free, and to the
friends of the dead man is given the mel
ancholy privilege of bearing the body out
side of the prison walls. A prison funeral
is usually a solemn affair. The big bells
that are used in the prison are always
clanging out some kind of an order to the
prisoners or a summons to the keepers,
and they always Btir a world of echoes in
the silent corridors. When a prisoner is
dead the fact is generally well known,
and an unusual silence Is preserved-, even
for this dreary place. Then the whisper
is heard that the dead man is to be buried
In the convict ground. The cofltn is
brought forth, the body placed iu it, the
chaplain reads a service aud then it is in
terred. New York Sun.
The Criminal Law.
"How about the criminal law does it
not pay the young, eloquent counsel bet
ter than civil law!"
"The criminal law has lost its import
ance to the practitioner. Very few men
of ability now follow it, and decline to ac
cept retainers, unless, perhaps, for some
client for whom they have civil business
and whom they desire to oblige. There
are but few cases of the kind that are at
tractive to a man of ability. Once in a
while a highly important case, having
some great question at its root, will at
tract the most distinguished counsel, but
these cases ure rare. Most of tho crimi
nal business, in large cities particularly,
is both commonplace and disgusting. No
young man with character and mental
force should seek to follow it as a business
in such a city. The name of being a
criminal lawyer is injurious; it has un
savory associations. It is not attractive,
pecuniarily, as a rule, for the criminal
classes do not alouud in wealth, and have
little means to pay their advocates. New
York Mail and Express Interview with
Professor Dwight.
A Canal in Crimea.
Another internal improvement scheme
of great importance, and involving some
masterly engineering methods and plaus,
has for some time been in contemplation
by the Russian government, and, in view
of its political and commercial bearings
on the interests of that country, its ac
complishment, in due course of time, is no
longer a matter of doubt. This work is
the Perecop canal in the Crimea, which
will establish a direct route between the
Don, the Black sea, and the Sea of Azof,
and three lines of rail, namely, the Knus
noff Veronej, the Kursk Charkoff, Azof
Don or Maripol line, and the I.osoli Sebas
topol. Charkoff Niolaielf line will be
brought into junction with it. Besides
other considerations, such a canal will
enable the Russians to bring the coal and
coke of the Don collieries to the Black sea
ports. New York Suu.
The Truly Geutleuianly Laugh.
"There is always one sure sign by which
you may know a well bred man," says a
cosmopolitan who is just now- in Phila
delphia. "And, pray, what is that sign?" he was
asked.
"It is his laugh. The butcher and the
baker and the candlestick maker, not to
speak of the tailor, may do a good deal for
man. Bu only thorough refinement can
make him laugh like a gentlercan."
"Aud, now, what is that laugh like?"
"As with the quality we call style it
cannot be defined; but, just the same,
there is no mistaking the laugh of a gen
tleman. Listen and note the next time
you go to a reception or dinner party."
Philadelphia Press
A Blind Leader.
Frauk Hurd has told how he and the
other avowed free traders converted Mr.
CleveLuid, a Buffalo lawyer, who knew
nothing of national affairs, aud whet had
been elected president on a protection
platform with the aid of protection stump
orators in doubtful states. It ought to
occur to the average Democrat, who is in
terested in the development of American
resources and markets for labor, that so
shallow mi economist us Mr. Cleveland is
must be a blind guide to follow. New
York Press.
It Will Not Be Incluited.
The New York Democrats propose to
celebrate the birthday of Samuel J. Til
den next month, anal it is to be hoped
that the proceedings will include the read
ing of that di.xtingui-'iic-d state.-umn's
recommendation in favor of reducing tho
surplus by building fortifications, instead
of destroying the protective tariff system.
St. Louis Globe-Democrat.
Of the eight national conventions of the
Republican party four have been held in
Chicago, two in Philadelphia, one in Bal
timore aud one in Cincinnati.
To Save Life
Frequently requires prompt action. An
hour's delay waiting for the doctor may
be attended with serious consequences,
especially in cases of Croup, Pneumonia,
and other throat and lung troubles.
Hence, no family should be without a
bottle of Ayer's Cherry Pectoral,
which has proved itself, in thousands of
cases, the best Emergency Medicine
ever discovered. It gives prompt relief
and prepares the way for a thorough
cure, which is certain to be effected by
its continued use.
S. H. Latimer, M. D., Mt. Vernon,
Ga., says: "I have found Ayer's Cherry
Pectoral a perfect cure for Croup in ail
cases. I have known the worst cases
relieved in a very short time by its use;
and I advise all families to use it in sud
den emergencies, for coughs, croup, &c."
A. J. Eidson, M. D.. Middletown.
Tenn., says : ' I have used Ayer's
Cherry Pectoral with the b-st effect in
my practice. This wondeiful prepara
tion once saved my life. I had a con
stant cough, night sweats, was greatly
reduced in flesh, and given up by my
physician. One bottle and a half of the
Pectoral cured me."
"I cannot say enough in praise of
Ayer's Cherry Pectoral," writes E.
Bragdon, of Palestine, Texas, "believ
ing as I do that, hut for its use, I should
long since have died."
Ayer's Cherry Pectoral,
rKKFAKKD BY
Dr. J. C. Aysr & Co., Lowell, Mass.
oidbyallDragsfcU. Price $1 ; sixbouis,.
THE FIRST
National Bank!
OF
COLUMBUS. XI
-HAS AN-
Authorized Capital of $250,000,
A Surplus Fund of - $20,000,
And the largest Paid Is Cask Capital ut
nuy bunk iu this inrt of the Statu.
SSr-DeiMwits received and interest paid oa
time depotiitH.
CTDmf(H on the princ iixd cities in this coun
try and Kurope bought and sold.
ES'-follectious and all olhwr business givsa
prompt and careful attention.
HTOCKUOLDKHS.
A. ANDKKSON, PreVt.
J. H.OALLKY. Vice Prea't.
O.T.KOE!f.CashUr.
(J. ANDKKSON. p. ANDKKSON,
JACOB UKKIHKN. HENRY KAGATZ,
JOHN J. SULLIVAN. W. A. McALLISTsTR.
Apra-88tf
business ards.
W
A. .HcAIJilMTEK,
ATTORXEY if XOTARY PUBLIC.
Office mv-Ktnirs in Henry's buiidinir. corner of
Olive and MtliHtnvtH. aagiUJtfy
w.
JI. COKrVKI.IIJM,
L.111- AND COLLECTION OFFICE.
UpetnirH Ernt buildm. 11th street.
OU1.L.1VAN A RLEDEK,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
Office oTer Fimt National Bank. Columbus.
cbmka. 50-tf
c.
rilYMCIAX AXP SCKOEOX.
SSOffico nnd rooms, OInck buildiuv, 11th
(street. Telephone communication. 4-y
T 11. IIACFAKI,AIVI,
A'rroi;xKY r xotary puislic.
. -r..H!c". ,v,'r r'irht National Bank, Colum
bus, Nebraska.
COUXTY SURVEYOR.
J3Bf-Part ie detdrinK Hiinejimr dime tan sd.
dress me Ht I olumbiw. Neb., or call at my otncw
in t ourt House. SmaiHrl-v
.'niMjrtUy
T J.CKAMIIK,
CO. SCW. 1'UlilM ' SCHOOLS.
I will lie jnuiyothVe in the Court House, Urn
third Saturday of each iin.utli for the examina
tion of applicants for teachers certificates and
for the transaction of other irhool buu'ne
ISjanW
YY;rAi.-it i- hkun.,
DHA Yaml EXPRESSMEN.
Liuht and Uavy haulinu;. (Joods handled
CHr.'-. J,.-nl'larter8 nt J. 1'. Becker 4 Co.'s
othte. 1 elcphone. 33 and 31. SOmarMy
DK. J. CHAM. WIIJA,
(Di-uttcher Arzt.)
PHYSICIAN nnd SURGEON,
Coluinbii-). Neb.
EYE IHSEASES A SPECIALTY.
Office: Telephone:
tleventh btreW. Otfico No. lii: Kesidenci.No.7.
22mar87
JOHN II. HKiOl.NS. C. J. GAIILOW.
Collection Attorney.
HIGGINS & OARLOW,
ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW,
Sjiecialty made of Collections by C. J. (lurlow.
21-IU
RCBOYD,
MANCr.tCTl'HKtt OF
Tin and Sheet-Iron Ware !
Job-Work, Boofinsr and Gutter
ing a Specialty.
CrT-Shop on 13th ttreet, Krause Bro.'s old
stand. j-j.tf
GRASS SEEDS !
Clover, Timothy,
Red Top, Millet,
Hungarian and
Blue Grass Seed,
-AT-
HERMAN OEHLRICH IBRD'S.
fi'b'-3iu
DEEP
SEA WONDERS exiVt In
thoaisinds of forms, bnf are snr-
papwd by the marvels of invention.
Thote who are in nml nf nrntilnDu
worn inai ran lie done while living at home
t-jionld at occo send their addr-n to H.illett A
Co., Portland. Maine, and receive free, full in
formation how either , of all airee. can earn
from $5 to i"i per flay and upwards wherever
they live, ion are started free. Capital not re
quired. Some have made over J.MJ in a suutlw
day at this work. All nticceed. bTdecMy
$500 Reward!
We will pay the above reward for any case of
lier complaint, d)e'pHia, sick headache, indi
ittrbtion. constioatKin or cobtiinneftM o i-unnol
cure with West. Vegetable Liver Pill, when ths
directions are strictly compli'i-d with. They ara
Iiu rely eatable, and never fail to iiive satisfac
tion. Ijirn iKixes containing 30 runr coated
pilN. iV. Korsaie by all drtiKCists. Beware of
counterfeits and inimitation-. The Kenuin
manufactured on'y by JOHN" C. WKST A CO..
KK! V. MadiMin St.. i hicaKo, 111. decT'tfty
INVENTION!
has revolutionized
the world during tho
last half century'.
Not I (-.-1st ainnnir thn
wonder oi inventiw progress ,H a method and
system of work that can be iierformed all over
tfiecountry without separating the workers from
their home. Pay liberal; any one can do tht
work; either sex. young or old: no special ability
refiaired. Capital not needed; you are started
free. Cut this out and return to us and we will
send you free, something of great talaeand im
portance to yon. that will start yon in business,
which will bring yon in more money right away,
than anything else in the world. Grand outfit
free. Address True A Co., Augusta, 3Ie. dec's
Jim
CTUffiDA urD A book oflOO rages.
lMt Ttr al The best book for aa
IB..!-.i n-lvt-rtlirr to con-
HffiRTIS!NS-ero?her:
ItcotitHius lits or newspapers and estimate
of thecoatof advertising. The advertiserwho
wants to spend one dollar, finds in It the In
formation he requires while forhim who will
invest one hundred thousand dollars In ad
vertising, a scheme Is indicated which will
meet his every requirement, or can bemads
to do so by slight chanatt easily arrieed at by cor'
rtspoiuUnee. 149 editions have been Issued.
Sent, post-paid, to any address for 10 cents.
Write tc GEO. 1. BQTnSLL,, CO.,
NEWSPAPER ApVKRTISIXG BUBEAU.
UOSwusaaurrialintf House 8q.), NswYoxk.