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About The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911 | View Entire Issue (April 18, 1888)
r m obmbvi Imtnral VOL. XVIII -NO. 52. COLUMBUS, NEB., WEDNESDAY, APRIL 18, 1888. WHOLE NO. 936. - rr r I COLUMBUS STATE BANK. COMIMItlJS, NEB. Cash Capital $75,000. IWUKCIOJW: LEANDKIt (iKKKABl). Pre-.'t. (5KO. W. HULST, Vice Pre-'t. .iuuih a. i:kki. K. I!. UKNKV. .1. i:. TASKKIJ, tVhter. Hank of leiOHi, IMwouil and K-lutBK. 'llectiotaNlromiiIy Mad Mil oltatf. la.y luterNt ob Time liepo It. 274 OK COLUM BUS, NEB. CAPITAL STOCK, $i0,OUO. OlTlCKltS C. II. SHELDON. PiWt. V. A. MeALMSTKK. Viv Pro.'. ItOBl-'lirUHLIC. Cashier. DANIEL SCH BAM, A't Cash. i DIBKCTOBS: J. I'. BECKEB. 11. I'. 11. OLHLBICH, jonas welch, cabl belnke, ii. m. w1nslow. l This Bunk transact a regular Bunking Busi ness, willidlou iut.rrt on time d.-potits, make collection-, luj or sell eiilmiitf. .n Unite.l States and Kmope. and l.uj anil wll available seciiritiei. o Weshall liepleaie.1 to nTt-ne jmr busiue-n. We solicit .Miur uttrnuii-'. We guarantee satU f act ion in all l.ii-unw intrusted in oui one. derii"-! lOll THE CALL. UN' - A.&M.TURNER Or 42. W. KIIII.KK, Travel in;; Sulesnuia. d"Theie organs are hiM-chi in ,-er par ticular, ami so guaranteed. SCHJ.FFROTH & PLITH, llKU.Klls IX - WIND MILLS, AND PUMPS. Buckeye Mower, combined, Self Binder, wire or twine. Pumps Repaired on short notice j3-0ne door wo-t of IlointzV Drue Store. 11th street, Columbus, Nob. 17nov!-tl HENRY G-ASS. COFFINS AND METALLIC CASES AND DEALER IS Furniture, Chairs, Bedsteads, Bu reaus, Tables, Safes. Lounges, &c. Picture Frames and Mouldings. ZWJtejiairing of all kind of Uphol stery Goods. 6-Tf COLUMBUS, NEBRASKA. PATENTS Caveats and Trad Mark obtained, and all Pat ent basin-- conductM for MODERATE FEES. OUR OFFICE IS OPPOSITE U. S. PATENT OFFICE. We have no sul-uvncie-, all bnsinei. direct, hence we can tran-art intent business in less time and at LESS COST than tho r.-inote from Washington. .... Send model, drawmp, or photo, with descnn tion. We adis if ptstpntable or not, free of charge. Our fee not due till intent is secured. A book, "How to Obtain Patent. with refer ences to actual clients in your state, county or town, sent free. Address w & Opposite Patent Office, VahiBgtoa,D. L. COMMERCIAL BM -j$ ?, Tir IT!ulgl'cr WESTERN COTTAGE ORGAN -r i-i. INTERESTING PEOPLE WHO INHABIT TROPICAL ISLANDS IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC. Natives of tint Gilbert Islands Many Specimens of Manly and Womanly Beauty A Curious CrowdAt Horn la the Water A Shark. A getitleninn who has visited many of the out of the way corners of the world Kites the following account of a group of South sea island. Unit are rarely visited by white men: There ii a race of people living almost exactly equidistant between the two con tinents of America and Asia, who, though they dwell in the tropics and are not far distant from lauds which are types of the luxiiriouMiens of vegetation, the abund ance of moisture and the variety of scen ery associated generally with the equa torial regions of the world, utill have no word.- in their primitive language for .u:-h natural features as a river, stream, lake, pond, spring or other body of fresh water: or fora mountain, hill, valley, plain, crag or b'uil; fora meadow, pasture, lield or grass plat of any kind; for any four footed animal, save, jierhaps, a species of rat; for any land bird: for but two or three llouers or fruit:, and for no mineral., or metals, simply because none of these physical features lrelong to their land. None of the fauna and llora so common elsewhere are indigenous to that country. This singula:- region is now called tho '(filbert Islands," formerly known as tho "King-mull J roup," and locally, as tho "liadick Chain" of Coral Atolls. They lie between 17u degs. and 177 degs. "W. and 2 clegs. S. and "'0 mins. N. of the equator. On the isothermic charts they are encircled by a line of their own, with in which prevails the highest average temperature of any spot iu the world, not that it seems to be very "hot" there, but the temperature varies but little night or lay. winter or summer. The group is made up of some fifteen island; lying close to each other in a long chain, rinmii.g nearly north and south. Each island is made of coral, built, prob ably, on volcanic peaks, which are either the remains of a sunken continent or the highest point of areas of slowly rising land. Whichever hypothesis is correct there, thee wonderful inlands are thou sands of miles distant from the nearest important bodies of land, each lying to quote lrofe..-or Dana's words in his Coral and Coral Islands" "like a wreath thrown uon the water" in the illimitable waste of the Pacific. The Gilbeit Islanders, while probably ncai ij" related to the llawaiians, are not their equals physically or mentally. Still they aie a linn looking jieople, and among them may be found many specimens of manly and womanly beauty. There is no dilliciilty in noting their physical charac teristics, as the ordinary 'clothing" of the men is a short mat wrapped around the middle, and of the women a thick fimged belt tied alwut the hips just below the waist. Sometimes the females this older ones are further screened by a child carelessly thrown over the back or tiding astride of one hip, but this is only done when the howling youngsters refuse to be left behind when the villagers rush to the beach to see the white strangers. The young girls ofteu coquettishly screen their heads aud necks from the sun with broad fans simply braided from a palm leaf. One article of dress they much n fleet are pretty little models of a woman's bonnet of the "coal scuttle" pattern. These are not worn on the head, where they would look ridiculous, being only big enough for a small doll, but are fastened to their coal black, glossy hair, which is very abundant, and of which they are very vain. This rather scant costume is completed by suspending about the neck a fiat disk cut from a pearly shell, but that this is not strictly an essential part of their dress was proven by their taking off and giving us seeral of them for tobacco! The crowd that mustered on the beach as we landed was noisy and curious, but good naturally When, as happened in a few instances, t hey were not accus tomed to a near view of "white" men, they the young witches of girls especially indulged in much merriment at our un couth appearance. They made great fun, our interpreter told us. of the heavy "homes" (broad leafed hats) we wore, of our being wrapped up in clothes, and of our feet lieing cased in little canoes (our shoes), so that we could hardly wade through the loose, dry sand. But when from the pockets of our "loose skins" we drew plugs of tobacco, their ridicule changed to respectful ad miration, and a hundred little attentions were paid us. They knew what tobacco was. and coveted it. The Gilbert Islanders manage to have a good deal of fun. Being as much at homo iu the water as they are on what land they have, they all big and little go in bathing at all hours of the day and moon light nights. What they can't do In and under the water isn't worth attempting. In the serious business of fishing, too, they are up to all sorts of tricks. A man will provide himself with a lot of water tiuht cocoanut shells as floats, and from each he suspends three or four short lines armed with fish hooks made out of sharp lish bones. These lie takes in his canoe, and, going out a little way. baits his hooks and sets the shells floating about. Soon he will see one bob and whirl around, and then, slipping overboard, he disappears under the water for a time. While down he goes from float to float, detaching the fish from the hook, stowing them into a net hung around his neck; baits the hook from a supply he carries in his mouth, and eventually returns to his canoe with his net crowded full. All this he does without taking breath, appar ently. At times they will discover some spot in the lagoon where a shark has estab lished himself. They will feed .him for a da or two with a mixture of fish and cocoanut meat utitil he is gorged. Then, calliug the village out to help iu the sport, a thick rojie of c-ocoanut fibre is laid along the beach, the noosed end being carried out in a canoe until over the sleeping brute. One man then slides overboard, and, quietly descending, manages to slip the noose over the shark's tarl and draw it tight. This lieing done, tlie sitnial is given, and as the crowd of villagers, chanting merrily, tramp over the beaoh with the rope, the infuriated but helpless shark i.- d ranged backward on to the shore, and there dispatched with clibs. It is great fun for he simple minted na tives. San Francisco Bulletin. Scene oa the Bowery. There was a queer scene on the Bowery n day or two ago, when 9116 of the clothing houses gave away 1,000 overcoats to poor boys, demanding a quarter from each boy, for some wise reason not clearly ex plained. The little gamins who sell the papers got most of them. Possibly you think that was good, and that they would le snug and warm this winter. Well, I don't know. They are, beyond and above all other, the strangest part of our popu lation. They are like bttle rats or foxes. Their origin is easy to get at; they are the children of love, of paupers, of vaga bonds, and of the squalid tenement dis tricts. Thousands either have no homes or else don't go to them, but live in lodg ings, newsboys' homes, and in wagons, garrets, cellars and the general poke holes of the city. The .bootblacks are their brothers and chums, and live in the same way. They all smoke either stumps, picked up, or cigarettes at two for a cent. Their gtoves are the fixating oyer boilers under the streets; their dissipation is at tendance of the galleries of the cheapest variety shows; their best fun is found in fighting. "They are wild beasts," said the clerk in the publication office of a newspaper the other day. "They are devoid of atrec tion and gratitude. They swear at you if you speak kindly to them, run away from you if you offer them advice, jeer at you if you are well dressed and pass a group of them. If we take pity on them and in vite them into the press room in cold weather they break the windows, hack the woodwork and even go so far as to take stones or weights and break thb heaviest iron work. While they wait in the office to buy papers they dig trenches iu the counters with the steel pens and break the holders in two. One day one of the clerks gave one of these boys a good derby hat that he had tired of. Another clerk asked the boy why he did not say 'Thank you.' 'A-a-a-h,' the boy replied, go chuck your mother overboard.' 'What are you going to do with the hat' the clerk asked. 'Sell it in Baxter street for fifteen cents he replied, 'and play cruso wid de money."' Julian Ralph's New York Letter. Proof or the Karth'a Motion. Any one can prove the rotary motion of the earth on its axis by a simple experi ment. Take a good sized bowl, fill It nearly full of water, and place it upon the floor of a room which is not exposed to shaking or jarring from the street. Sprinkle over the surface of the water a coating of lycopodium powder, a white substance, which is sometimes used for the purposes of the toilet, and which can be obtained at almost any apothecary's. Then, upon the surface of this coating of powder, make, with powdered charcoal, a straight, black line, say an inch or two inches in length. Having made this little black mark with the charcoal powder on the surface of the contents of the bowl, lay down upon the lloor, close to the bowl, a stick or some other straight object, so that it shall be exactly parallel with the mark. If the line happens to be parallel with a crack in the lloor, or with any stationary object iu the room, this will serve as well. leave the bowl undisturbed for a few hours, and then observe the position of the black mark with reference to the ob ject that it was parallel with. It will be found to have moved about, and to have moved from east to west, that is to say, in that direction opposite to that of the movement of the earth on its axis. The earth, in simply revolving, has carried the water and everything else in the bowl around with it, but the powder on the surface has been left liehind a little. The lino will always be found to have moved from east to west, which is perfectly good proof that everything else has moved the other way. German Journal. Society in Washington. There was a big ball at the British le gation last, night, and the thousand win dows of the great palace glittered and glowed. The picture of Victoria, at the head of the landing, looked down on the throng, and looked like old Mother Eng land pronouncing a benediction on her American children. Sir Lionel SackvBle West, the British minister, is one of the most popular iu Washington. He is fond of society, and entertains a great deal. To-night there is to be a cabinet dinner nt the White House, aud the president and Mrs. Cleveland will wine and dine the various ministers. As I write this the White House gardeners are taking the plants from the conservatories and putting them in the various corridors, aud more than $1,000 worth of flowers have been used in decoration. I wish I could describe to you some of the dishes which will appear on that White House table. The terrapin stew would make your mouth water, and you would feel like the boy with his nose against the glass of the candy window, as you read of the pate de foi gras and other French dishes. You will not, however, have the headaches of to-morrow, and, as a rule, the man who makes the most out of a big dinner is he who declines the invitation. Carpenter's Letter. How They Marry in India. At Trirhur, in the East Indies, a town inhabited chiefly by Xairs, the laud hold ing class of the coast, divorce seems to be as simple as marriage is easy. The Nair lady is a very independent person. Some one offers a cloth; that is the proposal. If she accepts it, that is the marriage. If she gets tired of her husband she gets rid of him and takes up with another, and is not held to have behaved disgracefully in so doing. To give a cloth as a present is a very common thing in India. By cloth is meant the garment worn by women in the. east, and it may be very plain and cheap or very rich and costly. But here, whatever kind of cloth it be, to give one is very significant, as a distinguished visi tor to Trichur found when he offered one to a Nair lady in whose house he had re ceived some civility. Whatever opinion may be held from a moral point of view of these marriage relations, they result in manly males and for the most part comely and very often beautiful females. Pall Mall Gazette. To Ventilate a Room. The best way to ventilate a room that I know of is to put a board, long enough to fit exactly in the window frame, and about six inches high, under the lower sash. If you remember the construction of window sashes you will know that this consequent raising of the lower one will leave spaces between the glass and the woodwork, through which fresh air can obtain a gradual entrance into the room. Its course is made somewhat tortuous and till draught thereby prevented. When it reaches the inside it has an up ward direction, too, and is not likely to come iu contact with tender craniums. It is important, iu using this kind of ven tilation, that the board fit accurately under the window, so that no little spaces be left for the air to blow through. New York World. Europe's Armies and Navies. The men in actual service at the present time in the armies and navies of Europe is in excess of 4,000,000, and it undoubt edly requires the product of one operative or peasant laborer to sustain one soldier. The present aggregate annual direct war expenditure of the world is probably in excess of $1,000,000,000. We express this expenditure in terms of money, but it really means work performed; not that abundance of useful aud desirable things may be increased but decreased; not that human toil and suffering may be light ened, but augmented. Hon. David A. Wells in Popular Science Monthly. A Freak of Nature. A singular freak of nature, originally discovered in western Australia, is likely to remain unexplained. It consists of nine fine pearls adhering together in the form of a Latin cross seven in the shaft, and one on each side of the second pearl. A suggestion is that a fragment of sea weed in the shell of the oyster formed the frame on which the cross was built. Maccaroni Versus Alcoholism. "No man," says a prominent Philadel phia physician, who is an enthusiastic vegetarian, "who eats pound of macca roni daily, aud the balance of whose food is of a kindred nature, will ever become a drunkard." Brooklyn Eagle. IN NEW GUINEA. CHARACTER AND CUSTOMS OF VIC TORIA'S CANNIBAL SUBJECTS. Work of Three English Missionaries. Houses In High Trees Cannibalism As a Token of Affection The Sago In dun try UiriN of Paradise. And now what is the character of this land which, after so many abortive at tempts, has at last come to the birth of annexation Along the coast of a consid erable part of it missionaries have been established for some seventeen years now. There are three English mission aries and many Polynesian converts who act as teachers and preachers. And, whatever opinion may be held of the work of missionaries in general, there are no two opinions held by those who know the place about the good that has been done by these New Guinea men. Their aim has not been to add a num ber of baptisms to their record, as savages bang scalps to their girdle for an evidence of their success; nor have they measured the Christianity of their converts by the amount of clothing which they wear. But they have instilled confidence in the good ness of human nature where there was none before; tliey have taught the ad vantages of peace and industry where be fore there was only unceasing bloodshed and warfare. Thus a tolerably accurate knowledge has been gained of the habits of such of the natives as inhabit the southern coast line. But of the many thousands who live in the interior very little has been dis covered. Among such of the natives as have been visited, one of the most peculiar charac teristics is the inaccessible position in which they frequently place their houses. This, no doubt, is the direct outcome of the state of constant intertribal warfare in which they have so long existed, and which even now is not altogether stamped out. Some of their houses are built in high trees up on the narrowest and most inaccessible ridges of the mountains. To these bamboo ladders are the only means of npproach, and vines are often culti vated to run up the ladders to give them strength and make the ascent and descent easier. Other tribes and there are many of those living along the coast build their villages some distance out at sea, ou piles of mangrove wood, standing eight or ten feet out of the water. There are villages of this kind built altogether away from tho shore, in the shallow waters of the southern coast, containing as many as 400 or 500 people and perhaps forty or fifty houses. It is commonly said, and no doubt is ofteu the case, that savages eat their van quished foes iu faith that by so doing they inherit from them their noblest qualities; but it appears to be peculiar to the New Guinea natives to eat their kindred as a token of affection. A New Guinea boy was seized and half eaten by one of the many crocodiles th?.. prey upon the coasts of the island. His sorrowing parents slew the offending monster, and rescuing the half of their beloved son which was still uneaten, they greedily devoured it iu their grief. When their kindred die they hang them up, or lay them on a framework of bamboos, for the sun to cleanse the bones of Ile.su. While this is going on they keep watch near the corpse, and at intervals, when their grief lecomes too much for them, they visit it aud smear their bodies all over with the juices that are dropping from the dead body. When decay has done its work the loues are cleaned, and some of them are buried, while others are worn as ornaments by the survivors, and the skulls decorate their houses. In other tribes the bodies are buried in a sitting posture up to the neck, and a vessel is placed over the head. Iu these cases the skull alone is preserved for ornament, the rest of the body being left beneath tlusoil. But though so barbarous in some of their habits, the natives of this place are far superior to those of Australia in most ways. Many of them cultivate plants for food. Some of them make pottery which they exchange for sago with those situ ated iu more fertile districts than them selves. Others devote all their time to catching fish, and these, too, they barter for cocoauuts or yams or banauas, while most are clever at fashioaing and carving weapons of offense and shields, and many can make a tolerable kind of cloth from the bark of trees, good canoes or service able bows and arrows. The sago industry, especially, is a valu able one. So much food can be produced with so little labor, and the tree grows well aud abundantly in New Guinea. The method of obtaining the sago is to cut down the tree and remove a slice of bark from the upper surface of the felled trunk. The inner wood of the tree, which is throughout a kind of pith, is then pounded down with rough instruments made for the'purpose into the trough formed by the firm outer bark of the tree. As this pith is pounded down it is taken out in vessels formed of the sheathing leaves of the sago palm and carried to an other trough near by, formed, like the first, of the bark of another sago palm. Here it is pressed through a rough sieve, formed again of fibers from the sago palm, into water, where the starchy part dis solves aud settles in the bottom as a sedi ment. This sediment, though not the granulated sago of commerce, is the form in which the natives eat the food, and it makes excellent cakes or mush. Another well known production of New Guinea is the bird of paradise, the most beautiful and gorgeous perhaps, except the peacock, of all known birds. There are many diffcrcut kinds of them, but all are beautiful to the eye, though the noises that they make are somewhat trying to the ear. They are very shy and difficult to obtain, but by caution, cleverness and exceeding great patience the natives suc ceed in killing them in snares or with blunted arrows, so as not to injure their plumage. Cor. San Francisco Chronicle. Etory of Barbara Frletchie. That modern tendency to iconoclastn, which has already destroyed the story of William Tell and the apple, and has vul garized so many touching and pathetic legends of our ehildhood's days, is dis posed to lay violent bands on Whittier's heroine, Barbara Frietchie, and to ques tion not only the reality of the incident upou which the poem is founded, but the very existence of such a person as Bar bara Frietchie. Protesting that a poet is not bound by the same rules of veracity which circum scribe a historian, and that it would have been entirely legitimate for Whittier to have invented both his incident and his heroine, had he seen fit, it must be con ceded that the weight of evidence is still in favor of the story as the poet told it. Last June The Chronicle contained a let ter in reference to the matter, and a por trait of the genuine Barbara Frietchie. but the author of that letter was skeptical on the subject of the flag incident, for the reason that the old woman lived two or three blocks away from the main street of Frederick, and out of the direct line of march of Jackson's army. Our corre spondent at that time gave some incidents in the life of Barbara Frietchie, which showed that the waving of an American flag in the faces of Stonewall Jackson and his troops might well have been ex pected from her, and that the only ap parent difficulty was her not residing on the main street of Frederick. But now comes Judge Jordan of Indian apolis, and says that Barbara Frietchie did live on the main street in Frederick, the street through which Gen. Jackson mqst have eassed with his annT; and further, that he had been told tnatarebel soldier who now lives in Maryland had said that the incident made memorable by the poem did occur, and that he was a witness to it. If it were worth while, there could doubtless be found many of Jackson's men who were on the march through Frederick, aud who could verify Whit tier's account in the main. Such an inci dent would not be easily or quickly for gotten, and is certainly susceptible of verification, even at this late day. San Francisco Chronicle. A Story of Phil Sheridan. Gen. Sheridan is a conspicuous figure anywhere. He would attract attention in any company. It is not surprising that he is a favorite guest at all social distin cuished gatherings at the capital. There is hardly a great dinner given at which he is not present to lend the glitter of his successful name to the company. Gen. Vandever, of California, who was a dis tinguished soldier in the western army, once had an encounter with Sheridan, before" the latter had achieved fame, which is worth relating. It was in the early days of the war. Sheridan was then a captain and chief quartermaster in Gen. Curtis' army, in Missouri. Sheridan was disgusted with his position, and was known as a great fault finder and a re calcitrant generally. Vandever was com mander of a regiment aud had been in structed by Curtis to move forward at daylight. He sent u messenger to Sheridan asking him for wagons to be used to carry the baggage on the march. Sheridan sent back word that he had no wagons to spare, and Vandever replied that if he did not send the wagons nt once he would go and take them. Sheridan said, laughingly: 'Well, there is no telling what these volunteer fellows won't do, so I guess I will scud Vandever the wagons." Sheridan did not look much like a hero in those days; he went about iu nu old buggy, drawn by a mule, unnoticed aud unsuspected of possessing military quali ties of the very highest order. His rela tions with Gen. Curtis were unpleasant, and he finally resigned, and was afterward assigned to recruit duty. While thus engaged he was sent to Detroit, where he was given command of a regiment of cavalry, which was soou sent to the front, and that gave him the opportunity to display his wonderful fac ulty for rapidity of action, skill iu combi nation, and the power of making his men move as one man, inspired by enthusiasm to the highest degree of reckless bravery and daring. Washington Cor. San Fran cisco Chronicle. Fanned by a Punkah. The punkah of India is a long, narrow fan, suspended by cords from the ceiling; attached to it is another cord which finds its way outside through a convenient hole in the wall or window frame. For the magnificent sum of three annas (six cents) the hopeful punkah-wallah sits outsldo and fills the room with soothing, sleep producing breezes for the space of a day or night by a constant see-sawing motion of the string. Few Eurojieans are able to sleep at night or exist during the day without the punkah-wallah's services for at least nine months in the year. The slightest negli gence on his part at night is sufficient to summon the sleeper instanter from the land of dreams to the stern reality that the dusky imp outside has himself dropped oil to sleep. A pardonable imprecation, delivered in loud, threatening tones; or in the case of a person vengefully inclined, or once too often made a victim, a stealthy visit to the open door, a well nimed boot, nnd the pendulous punkah again swings to and fro, banishing the newly awakened prickly heat and fanning the recumbent figure on the charpoy with grateful breezes that quickly send him off to sleep again. Thomas Stevens in Outing. Hereditary Tradesmen in Japan. The boys seen iu nearly all the places of skilled labor suggests what is the fact, that apprentices begin to learn their trades usually much earlier than in our country, ho that when majority is at tained the mastery of the crafts is thorough. Another striking feature of the Japanese system is that of heredity. Skill runs in family lines. Not a few of the famous artisans of the present decade are descendants in the ninth, tenth and even twentieth generation of the founder of the establishment. I once employed a carpenter in Fukui, who was proud of his ancestry of wood workers through twenty Eeven generations: and the temple records show such boasting to be true, though often adoption interrupts the actual blood Hue. At a papermaker's establishment in Awotabi, in Echlzen, I dined with the proprietor, whose fathers first established the industry a millennium ago, the na tional history showing also that the Co reans, before the Ninth century of ourera, visited the place. Scribner's Magazine. A Little Too Smart. I heard the other day of a clerk in n dry goods store who was smart and quick, a splendid manager and all that, lie had an exalted opinion of himself, nnd fre quently made himself disagreeable by re marking to his associates that the concern could not possibly get along without him. This came to the ears of' the senior part ner, and the old gentleman called the clerk into the private office aud said: "Mr. Jenkins, you have leen very efficient and we appreciate your services, but I hear that you have repeatedly asserted that if you were to die the concern couldn't pos sibly survive it, and this has worried both myself and partner very much, for you, like all men, are liable to die very un expectedly. We have, therefore, con cluded to exierinient while wc are in health and see if the concern will survive yotir absence. You will, therefore, con sider yourself dead for one year, and wc will make an effort to so consider you for that length of time." Globe-Democrat. Hell Telephone Stock. Bell telephone stock, with a par value of $100 a share, is selling at .StW. It pays 13 per cent, dividends and is supposed to earn about 30 per cent. The largest block of the stock is held by the inventor and his wife. Another large holder is Forbes, the Boston capitalist, who has a coutrol ing interest iu the Burlington road nnd is father-in-law of Perkins, the road's presi dent. New York Evening World. Agricultural News. W. A. Wadsworth, of Livingstou, has lieen elected president of the New York state Imard of agriculture; corresponding secretary, J. S. Woodward, of Niagara. A scheme is on foot in Manitoba to im port Icelanders together with their live stock. At a late meeting of the New Jersey State Agricultural society Mr. E. A. Wilk inson, of Newark, was elected president, and the old board of directors was re elected. The export trade in American apples during the past shipping season fell short of that of last year. Syrup of Figs Is Nature's own true laxative. It is the most easily taken, and the most effective remedy known to Cleanse the System when Bilious or Costive; to dispel Head aches, Colds and Fevers; to cure Habit ual Constipation, Indigestion, Piles, etc. Manufactured only by the California Fig Syrup Company, San Francisco, Cal. For sale only by Dowty & Becher. 27-y FOURTEEN CENTS A DAY. LOW COST OF THE FREEDOM OF ENGLAND'S METROPOLIS. Cheap Lodgings iu the City of London. I Scene in the Kitchen of a Four Penny ! Lodging House Beclpe lor Pea Soup. Luxuries Stealing. I I have often been asked to give some sstimate of the cost of a tour through Eugland. Those who have written Inxiks of travel have generally had plenty of money and they have given no thought iu their works to readers of limited means who have a great desire for the culture that travel is supposed to bring, butwho shrink from launching out because of the expense. It is to this large class that I address myself. A recent writer has put forth a book showing how Europe can be done on fifty cents a day. As the phrase is iu a certain American game called poker, I see his fifty cents and will go him somewhat better; in other words, I will show him how the freedom of the city of London, for instance, can be had at a cost of about seven pence a day, or fourteen cents in American money. This will include three meals a day and lodging at night. Of course this is only intended for the capi talist class. Chicago, as everybody knows, was once offered to a man for a pair of boots, but as the man didn't have boots, he failed, to his unavailing regret ever afterward, to invest iu real estate that ultimately reached a much higher figure. So if a man has not the fourteen cents a day it is useless for him to read the first part of this article. I will have pleasure in telling him further on how to live on nothing a day aud enjoy the lux ury of a bath every evening as well. . FOURTEF- CENTS A DAY. An estimable friend of mine in London that is, he lives in London during the season who is a tramp by profession, told me how a man with an income of fourteen cents a day could live sumptu ously, and he even invited me to go nnd lodge and live with him, which is some thing, I regret to say, I never had the courage to do. Iu all the crowded parts of London can be seen signs wiich read "Lodgings for single men, four pence a night." There are others at lower rates, burof course on this tour, as I said liefore, wo prefer to live well rather than merely save money. You pay your fourpence to a man at the liottoin of the stair, and until day light does appear the freedom of the house is yours. There is a large room called the kitchen. A good sized fire burns at 0110 end of it, and at that fire you will find some of the lodgers cooking their evening meal. I believe that in expensive lodging houses, such as I speak of, tin dishes ate provided, the rule being that the last user washes them at the tap which Hows in a corner. At the first dinner that I ordered at Deluiouico's, in New York, they brought me so much of each dish that I did not wonder at the awful price charged, and I learned afterward that, it is the custom for two persons to go there together, and each order is considered more than enough for two. The tramps of London follow this high toned precedent. On a pea soup guzzle four of them generally go in to gether, and the chances are that when we enter the kitchen of the fourpenuy lodg ing hom-e we will be ut once claimed as partners in u pea soup banquet. My tramp informs me that the pea soup pre pared from the tramps' recipe is ouo of the most sustaining things a man can sub sist on. FOR FOCI HCXORY MEX. Here is the recipe and the cost of It, this portion being enough for four hungry men: One penny's worth of pea flour, ono penny's worth of bread toasted, one penny pot herbs, carrots, turnips, leeks, parsley, etc., half penny's worth onions, half penny's worth of drippings. This meal then comes to one penny each, as there is no charge for lire or cooking utensils. Sometimes the tramps go in for the luxuries of the season and two make u meal together. Here is the formula, and in this cose only two go together, so that the expense Is double the pea soup feast Half penny's worth of tea, half penny's worth of sugar, farthing's worth of milk, one penny three farthings' worth of bread, one penny's worth of butter. After the meal the crowd spends the evening In congenial conversation, diversi fied often by a fight, which the stalwart keeper of the house quickly quells with a club. Up stairs the lodgers sleep in one large room. Some of the places merely have straw scattered on the floor, at other places rough mattresses are provided. It you have a penny on your person it will be stolen before morning. However, this makes little difference, as stealing is eti quette in the Hotel de Tramp, and as every one steals the general financial balance is not seriously disturbed. Of course it may be claimed that in this article I have studied the interests of the moneyed classes only. That is quite true. In a future article I will endeavor to show how a man can go through England with out any money at all. Luke Sharp in De troit Free Press. THE PRISON GRAVEYARD. iaat Sing's Burying Ground for Convicts. Death of a Prisoner. On the side of a steep hill whose peak is many hundred feet high, and whose base is at the granite walls of Sing Sing, are two graveyards divided by a winding country road. The one nearer the prison is the old plot that was used for burying dead convicts until the small stretch of level ground was thickly sprinkled with rough wooden crosses and small roughly carved stones, and then a much larger place further up the hill was set apart for this use. The big prison has stood on its present site for more than fifty years, aud although the number of convicts there has in creased proportionately with the growth of the population, the average number of deaths within its walls has not increased.. Humanity and science have cut down the death rate. On an average ten persons a year die in the prison, and nearly all of those who have died have been buriel iu the prisou graveyard and left there un disturbed. A few have died by accident in the work shops, but the percentage of deaths by accident Is so small as to le scarcely worthy of note. A large major ity of deaths has leeii caused by con sumption, which, however, is rarely con tracted within the prisou walls. A prisoner suffering from consumption is shown every consideration possible with prison discip line. His work is made light, and as soon as he shows the symptoms of breaking down he is sent to the hospital. In the prison graveyards repose the bones of about 500 convicts. This makes the number of deaths average nearly ten a year. The old graveyard on the slope nearest the river looks like a deserted God's acre of olden times. A dozen years ago, when the burying ground was moved further up the slope, the fence of the old place was left to take care of Itself, which it has failed to do. The mounds have been beaten down until they are level with the ground. The rough wooden crosses that bear a number corresponding to one In a big ledger In the prison, in which a record of the dead is kept, stand in straggling fashion. These were origin ally unpointed pieces of wood nailed to gether In the form of a cross, and driven Into the earth. X few of them have been cicKea over, out even ou those mat are still standing the numbers that were on them once have been so defaced by the weather that they are scarcely legible. The newer graveyard is in a much bet ter condition. The wootleu crosses are comparatively new, and the numbers that are on thorn can be plainly seen. At the head of a few of the mounds stand rough stones, crudely cut. Every one of these stones tells a story more pathetic than do many of the pretentious monuments in big and finely kept cemeteries. These stones are all the work of prisoners, who labor during hours of leisure as acts of friendship. When a prisoner is very ill and there seems to be danger that he will die, his friends are notified, aud the iron rule of the prison Is for the time unnoticed. He is allowed to settle up in the presence of his friends all of his worldly affairs, and to have them about his bedside until the end comes. There are occasions, of course, and many of them, when tho prisoner is either absolutely friendless or is only anx ious to die without making his shame known to his friends. When the end comes the body is then free, and to the friends of the dead man is given the mel ancholy privilege of bearing the body out side of the prison walls. A prison funeral is usually a solemn affair. The big bells that are used in the prison are always clanging out some kind of an order to the prisoners or a summons to the keepers, and they always Btir a world of echoes in the silent corridors. When a prisoner is dead the fact is generally well known, and an unusual silence Is preserved-, even for this dreary place. Then the whisper is heard that the dead man is to be buried In the convict ground. The cofltn is brought forth, the body placed iu it, the chaplain reads a service aud then it is in terred. New York Sun. The Criminal Law. "How about the criminal law does it not pay the young, eloquent counsel bet ter than civil law!" "The criminal law has lost its import ance to the practitioner. Very few men of ability now follow it, and decline to ac cept retainers, unless, perhaps, for some client for whom they have civil business and whom they desire to oblige. There are but few cases of the kind that are at tractive to a man of ability. Once in a while a highly important case, having some great question at its root, will at tract the most distinguished counsel, but these cases ure rare. Most of tho crimi nal business, in large cities particularly, is both commonplace and disgusting. No young man with character and mental force should seek to follow it as a business in such a city. The name of being a criminal lawyer is injurious; it has un savory associations. It is not attractive, pecuniarily, as a rule, for the criminal classes do not alouud in wealth, and have little means to pay their advocates. New York Mail and Express Interview with Professor Dwight. A Canal in Crimea. Another internal improvement scheme of great importance, and involving some masterly engineering methods and plaus, has for some time been in contemplation by the Russian government, and, in view of its political and commercial bearings on the interests of that country, its ac complishment, in due course of time, is no longer a matter of doubt. This work is the Perecop canal in the Crimea, which will establish a direct route between the Don, the Black sea, and the Sea of Azof, and three lines of rail, namely, the Knus noff Veronej, the Kursk Charkoff, Azof Don or Maripol line, and the I.osoli Sebas topol. Charkoff Niolaielf line will be brought into junction with it. Besides other considerations, such a canal will enable the Russians to bring the coal and coke of the Don collieries to the Black sea ports. New York Suu. The Truly Geutleuianly Laugh. "There is always one sure sign by which you may know a well bred man," says a cosmopolitan who is just now- in Phila delphia. "And, pray, what is that sign?" he was asked. "It is his laugh. The butcher and the baker and the candlestick maker, not to speak of the tailor, may do a good deal for man. Bu only thorough refinement can make him laugh like a gentlercan." "Aud, now, what is that laugh like?" "As with the quality we call style it cannot be defined; but, just the same, there is no mistaking the laugh of a gen tleman. Listen and note the next time you go to a reception or dinner party." Philadelphia Press A Blind Leader. Frauk Hurd has told how he and the other avowed free traders converted Mr. CleveLuid, a Buffalo lawyer, who knew nothing of national affairs, aud whet had been elected president on a protection platform with the aid of protection stump orators in doubtful states. It ought to occur to the average Democrat, who is in terested in the development of American resources and markets for labor, that so shallow mi economist us Mr. Cleveland is must be a blind guide to follow. New York Press. It Will Not Be Incluited. The New York Democrats propose to celebrate the birthday of Samuel J. Til den next month, anal it is to be hoped that the proceedings will include the read ing of that di.xtingui-'iic-d state.-umn's recommendation in favor of reducing tho surplus by building fortifications, instead of destroying the protective tariff system. St. Louis Globe-Democrat. Of the eight national conventions of the Republican party four have been held in Chicago, two in Philadelphia, one in Bal timore aud one in Cincinnati. To Save Life Frequently requires prompt action. An hour's delay waiting for the doctor may be attended with serious consequences, especially in cases of Croup, Pneumonia, and other throat and lung troubles. Hence, no family should be without a bottle of Ayer's Cherry Pectoral, which has proved itself, in thousands of cases, the best Emergency Medicine ever discovered. It gives prompt relief and prepares the way for a thorough cure, which is certain to be effected by its continued use. S. H. Latimer, M. D., Mt. Vernon, Ga., says: "I have found Ayer's Cherry Pectoral a perfect cure for Croup in ail cases. I have known the worst cases relieved in a very short time by its use; and I advise all families to use it in sud den emergencies, for coughs, croup, &c." A. J. Eidson, M. D.. Middletown. Tenn., says : ' I have used Ayer's Cherry Pectoral with the b-st effect in my practice. This wondeiful prepara tion once saved my life. I had a con stant cough, night sweats, was greatly reduced in flesh, and given up by my physician. One bottle and a half of the Pectoral cured me." "I cannot say enough in praise of Ayer's Cherry Pectoral," writes E. Bragdon, of Palestine, Texas, "believ ing as I do that, hut for its use, I should long since have died." Ayer's Cherry Pectoral, rKKFAKKD BY Dr. J. C. Aysr & Co., Lowell, Mass. oidbyallDragsfcU. Price $1 ; sixbouis,. THE FIRST National Bank! OF COLUMBUS. XI -HAS AN- Authorized Capital of $250,000, A Surplus Fund of - $20,000, And the largest Paid Is Cask Capital ut nuy bunk iu this inrt of the Statu. SSr-DeiMwits received and interest paid oa time depotiitH. CTDmf(H on the princ iixd cities in this coun try and Kurope bought and sold. ES'-follectious and all olhwr business givsa prompt and careful attention. HTOCKUOLDKHS. A. ANDKKSON, PreVt. J. H.OALLKY. Vice Prea't. O.T.KOE!f.CashUr. (J. ANDKKSON. p. ANDKKSON, JACOB UKKIHKN. HENRY KAGATZ, JOHN J. SULLIVAN. W. A. McALLISTsTR. Apra-88tf business ards. W A. .HcAIJilMTEK, ATTORXEY if XOTARY PUBLIC. Office mv-Ktnirs in Henry's buiidinir. corner of Olive and MtliHtnvtH. aagiUJtfy w. JI. COKrVKI.IIJM, L.111- AND COLLECTION OFFICE. UpetnirH Ernt buildm. 11th street. OU1.L.1VAN A RLEDEK, ATTORNEYS AT LAW, Office oTer Fimt National Bank. Columbus. cbmka. 50-tf c. rilYMCIAX AXP SCKOEOX. SSOffico nnd rooms, OInck buildiuv, 11th (street. Telephone communication. 4-y T 11. IIACFAKI,AIVI, A'rroi;xKY r xotary puislic. . -r..H!c". ,v,'r r'irht National Bank, Colum bus, Nebraska. COUXTY SURVEYOR. J3Bf-Part ie detdrinK Hiinejimr dime tan sd. dress me Ht I olumbiw. Neb., or call at my otncw in t ourt House. SmaiHrl-v .'niMjrtUy T J.CKAMIIK, CO. SCW. 1'UlilM ' SCHOOLS. I will lie jnuiyothVe in the Court House, Urn third Saturday of each iin.utli for the examina tion of applicants for teachers certificates and for the transaction of other irhool buu'ne ISjanW YY;rAi.-it i- hkun., DHA Yaml EXPRESSMEN. Liuht and Uavy haulinu;. (Joods handled CHr.'-. J,.-nl'larter8 nt J. 1'. Becker 4 Co.'s othte. 1 elcphone. 33 and 31. SOmarMy DK. J. CHAM. WIIJA, (Di-uttcher Arzt.) PHYSICIAN nnd SURGEON, Coluinbii-). Neb. EYE IHSEASES A SPECIALTY. Office: Telephone: tleventh btreW. Otfico No. lii: Kesidenci.No.7. 22mar87 JOHN II. HKiOl.NS. C. J. GAIILOW. Collection Attorney. HIGGINS & OARLOW, ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW, Sjiecialty made of Collections by C. J. (lurlow. 21-IU RCBOYD, MANCr.tCTl'HKtt OF Tin and Sheet-Iron Ware ! Job-Work, Boofinsr and Gutter ing a Specialty. CrT-Shop on 13th ttreet, Krause Bro.'s old stand. j-j.tf GRASS SEEDS ! Clover, Timothy, Red Top, Millet, Hungarian and Blue Grass Seed, -AT- HERMAN OEHLRICH IBRD'S. fi'b'-3iu DEEP SEA WONDERS exiVt In thoaisinds of forms, bnf are snr- papwd by the marvels of invention. Thote who are in nml nf nrntilnDu worn inai ran lie done while living at home t-jionld at occo send their addr-n to H.illett A Co., Portland. Maine, and receive free, full in formation how either , of all airee. can earn from $5 to i"i per flay and upwards wherever they live, ion are started free. Capital not re quired. Some have made over J.MJ in a suutlw day at this work. All nticceed. bTdecMy $500 Reward! We will pay the above reward for any case of lier complaint, d)e'pHia, sick headache, indi ittrbtion. constioatKin or cobtiinneftM o i-unnol cure with West. Vegetable Liver Pill, when ths directions are strictly compli'i-d with. They ara Iiu rely eatable, and never fail to iiive satisfac tion. Ijirn iKixes containing 30 runr coated pilN. iV. Korsaie by all drtiKCists. Beware of counterfeits and inimitation-. The Kenuin manufactured on'y by JOHN" C. WKST A CO.. KK! V. MadiMin St.. i hicaKo, 111. decT'tfty INVENTION! has revolutionized the world during tho last half century'. Not I (-.-1st ainnnir thn wonder oi inventiw progress ,H a method and system of work that can be iierformed all over tfiecountry without separating the workers from their home. Pay liberal; any one can do tht work; either sex. young or old: no special ability refiaired. Capital not needed; you are started free. Cut this out and return to us and we will send you free, something of great talaeand im portance to yon. that will start yon in business, which will bring yon in more money right away, than anything else in the world. Grand outfit free. Address True A Co., Augusta, 3Ie. dec's Jim CTUffiDA urD A book oflOO rages. lMt Ttr al The best book for aa IB..!-.i n-lvt-rtlirr to con- HffiRTIS!NS-ero?her: ItcotitHius lits or newspapers and estimate of thecoatof advertising. The advertiserwho wants to spend one dollar, finds in It the In formation he requires while forhim who will invest one hundred thousand dollars In ad vertising, a scheme Is indicated which will meet his every requirement, or can bemads to do so by slight chanatt easily arrieed at by cor' rtspoiuUnee. 149 editions have been Issued. Sent, post-paid, to any address for 10 cents. Write tc GEO. 1. BQTnSLL,, CO., NEWSPAPER ApVKRTISIXG BUBEAU. UOSwusaaurrialintf House 8q.), NswYoxk.