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VOL. XVIH.-NO. 47.
COLUMBUS, NEB., WEDNESDAY, MARCH 14, 1888.
WHOLE NO. 931.
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THREE GREAT SPEECHES.
FREE TRADE FALLACIES MET WITH
STERN FACTS.
Extract from Addresses by Senator Sher
wan and Congressmen McKintejr and
CoA" Uefore the Boston Home Market
Club.
The last meeting of the Boston Home
Market club was the occasion of three no
table addresses by Senator Sherman and
Congressman McKinley, ot Ohio, and
Congressman Goff, of West Virginia.
Senator Sherman spoke first.
He began by thanking the club for the
enthusiastic greeting given him. He de
scribed the name of the organization as
'a creed in itself home market for home
productions;" contrasted the greatness of
the home market with tbe comparative
unimiortance of the foreign market and
expressed his wonder tliat gentlemen of
education were willing to endanger the
greater in behalf of the less. He added:
I can excuse such professors as Mr.
Sumner and Mr. Perry, whose theories
exclude love of country and rest only upon
the universal good of man. The most
distinguished professor of this school of
philosophy that 1 know of is Mrs. Jellyby,
who devoted hers-elf to the good of man
kind, :tud especially of Africa, to the
neglect of her house, her husband and tbe
little .Tell hys.
When you invited me to speak at the
Home Market club I learned that there
was nnotber club in Boston, called the
Massachusetts Tariff Reform league, aud
that its members had a banquet here re
cently, at which there were many distin
guished guests and speeches. So I nat
urally thought that here, at least, I might
tiud a Htatement of the benefits of the
foreign market and what is meaut by
"tariff reform." I carefully read nil
these speeches, and confess my surprise
to llnd mo little on economic questions af
fecting our home industry, and so much
about politics. It is like FalstafTs bill of
fare o little bread and so much sack.
Take Mr. Lowell, for instance, a gen
tlemau for whom I have always enter
tained the hihesl respect. He is known
as au accomplished writer, a man of cult
ure and taste, a welcome representative
of this country at the English court. He
was the president of the "occasion, and
gave tone and direction to it. 1 find but
very little about the tariff In his remarks,
but a good deal about Mr. Cleveland.
He Kays:
"Personally, I confess that I feel my
self strongly attracted to Mr. Cleveland
us the best representative of the higher
type of Americanism that we have aeeu
since Uncoln was snatched from us."
Thus Mr. Lowell, who has been honored
by a great party with its confidence and
trust, places Mr. Cleveland above Grant,
the great soldier of our country; above
Hayes, who certainly gave to the country
a pure and excellent administration, and
Mr. Lowell, himself. alove Garfield, one
of the most accomplished of American
statesmen, and above Arthur, in every re
spect a model gentleman and a prudent
and able presidert.
Now, for what has Mr. Cleveland been
distinguished to justify this eulogy? Two
things. First, for the promise of civil ser
vice "reform, and he has practiced the most
general, sweeping removals in the public
offices since the government was estab
lished. The other nround named to jus
tify this eulogy is the recent message of
tbr president recommending that all taxes
now existing on home products be contin
ued, and duties on imports be largely re
duced. The inevitable effect of this policy
Is to increase importations at the expense
and loss of our home market, and espe
cially to reduce the wages of all engaged
In industries competing with foreign pro
duction. The message creates alarm
Among business men at home and gives
joy and hspe to every market in Europe.
I have had occasion recently to answer
tbl message, and do not care to repeat it
here, but wish to reply to other remarks
of our friends in the league.
Mr. Lowell says:
"Never before has a Pandora's box so
fall of the germs of infectious demoraliza
tion been offered to any people as our
growing surplus."
This is not true. A surplus is a great
deal better than a deficit- And this sur
plus is not new; it has been growing since
tbe close of the war. It has enabled us
to perform the magnificent feat of rapidly
reducing the public debt, a policy which
has excited the admiratiou of the greatest
statesmen of Europe. Mr Gladstone eaid
to me twenty years ago that this was as
great a victory as our success in war.
This growing surplus was bequeathed to
Mr. Cleveland by his predecessors, and
wa? applied by them to ftbc payment of
debt and the repeated reduction of taxes
It is the rational and steady result of oui
increase in wealth and population grow
ing out of the policy of protection to home
industries.
But why is not this surplus applied to
the payment or purchase of the public
debt!' Whose fault is it that it accumu
lates iu the treasury? Plainly the fault
of Mr. Cleveland, whose secretary of the
treasury is authorized to apply this sur
plus at any time to the reduction of the
public debt. But if the president prefers
to reduce the surplus by the reduction of
taxation, why did he not apply to con
gress to diminish taxation without dis
turbing home production? I know that
at any time in the last congress taxation
could" have been reduced but for the desire
of the speaker of the house and the presi
dent to strike at home industries rather
than to reduce taxation. A majority of
the house, though Democratic, would have
passed in an hour a bill reducing taxation
if it had been permitted by the speaker to
vote upon a reduction of internal rather
than externa taxes; and today, if the
house is not packed to defeat its will, a bill
to make all tbe redaction recommended
by tbe president could be promptly passed.
But the truth is, that the president and
the controling elements of his party are
determined to use the exigency be has
created to force congress to reduce taxes
in their way, so as to strike a dangerous
blow at our domestic industries; and it is
because of this that he receives the high
eulogy of Mr. LowelL
A HARD BLOW AT THE TARIFF.
Oust Free Trader Who Argued from Fact
Unanswerable.
Maj. McKinley followed Senator
Sherman and gave the following asiusing
description of a young free trade Mug
wump who had outgrown his country:
A college bred American, who had
traveled much in Europe, whose inherited
wealth had enabled him to gratify every
wish of his heart, said to me a few years
ago, with a sort of listless satisfaction,
"that he had outgrown his country."
What a confession! Outgrown his coun
try! Outgrown America! Think of it! I
felt at tbe time that it would have been
truer hod he said that his country bad
outgrown htm, but he was in no condition
of mind to have appreciated 60 patent a
fact. He bad had no connection with the
progressive spirit of his country. He had
contributed nothing to its present proud
position, or to the uplifting and welfare of
his fellows; be had no part in the march
of the republic
The busy, poshing American lad ot
humble origin, educated at the public
schools, had swept by him, as effort and
energr always lead and leave" the laggard1
behind. His tnberitajscawas not Invested
in productive enterprises, nor wss his
heart located where it sympathized with
the aerations of tfct ptosis with wfegg
ne was born and reared. His country had
got so far ahead of him that he was posi
tively lonesome, out of line and in the
rear of the grand procession.
He was a free trader, for he told me so,
and complained bitterly of the tariff as a
burden upou tbe progressive men of the
country, and that it severely handicapped
bim. When I pushed him to particular
ize, the trammels which the tariff imposed
upon him, as one of our 60,000,000 of
people, he raised his hand which had
never been soiled by labor nor touched by
honest toil tightly incased in a French
kid, and said: ''These gloves come enor
mously high, sir, by reason of the tariff;
tbe duty is actually added to their cash
value, which falls heavily upon us con
sumers." What answer could I make to such an
indictment How could I repel such a
blow at our great Industrial system? Dis
cussion would have been idle, i could
only regard him In speechless silence, and
gaze upon him with a feeling mixed with
curiosity, pity and contempt. I heard
later on that he became a Mugwump.
WASHINGTON AND CLEVELAND.
Were the Builders of the Tariff lUgbt.
or Are Its Destroyers?
The third speech on the same occasion
was by ex-Congressman Goff, of West
Virginia, who made this striking com
parison: 'I believe the framers of our constitu
tion were right when they permitted the
enactment of a protective tariff, and I
think the makers of the Montgomery con
stitution of the late so called Confed
erate states were wrong when they pro
hibited it.
"I Iwlieve that George Washington, our
first president, wbb grandly right when he
advised the enactment of and approved
into law our first tariff act nt the first
session of our first congress, and I think
that Grover Cleveland, our present presi
dent aud last tree trade one, is fright-"
fully wrong wLeu he advises, and shame
fully wrong when he Uses, the power of
his high position to secuie tbe destruction
of that law.
I believe that Alexander Hamilton was
right and that C. S. Fairchild is wrong.
I believe in tlio system ot Clay, of Lin
coln, of Sumner, of Chase, of Grant, of
Garfield, of Kelley, of Sherman, of
Blaine, and not that of Calhoun, of
Breckinridge, of Walker, of Yancey, of
Morrison, of Hurd, of Mills and Carlisle.
On this question, men of Massachusetts,
we should all be together.
Madison, the expounder of the constitu
tion, said, speaking of our first turiff act:
"Upon this question we are ull Federalists,
we are all llepublicans," and we should
say on this question, the protection of our
industries, our homes, our labor, our Aug:
"We are all Democrats, we are al' He
publicans." Among other things Mr. Gof jaid:
"Can it be possible that the system by
which this wonderful result has been
wrought out is all wrong Is it ns Presi
dent Cleveland says, 'vicious, inequitable
and illogical?' Will you tear it down?
Will you be frightened by the cry of 'sur
plus' by men who never made a surplus
themselves, but who have always been
uccustomed to a 'deficiency,' and who
now wring their financial hands in polit
ical agony and cry, 'What, oh what, will
you do with the "the surplus?" ' Build a
navy with it, construct coast defenses, im
prove our rivers and harbors, pay our
debts, educate our children, and pension
the grand army of maimed and veteran
heroes, who, by their patriotism and hero
ism, made it possible for us to have a
country and a 'eurplus.' "
In6iisnrc of Collars and Caff's.
Here Is proof of the influence of good
collars and cuffs over the feminine mind.
A lank, loose jointed man, with a faded
mustache and a slightly bald head,
leaned against tbe iron gate beside a
Fourteenth street boarding house. Every
thing about him seemed a misfit. His
outer clothes were much too large for
him, and they bung about him as though
they shrank from contact with his person.
His long, lean hands, covered with bruises,
seemed very much in his way, end bis
feet wobbled about uncomfortably in
Horace Greeley sboes. But his collar and
cuffs reached far beyond the frayed edges
of his coat, and by their immaculate white
glossiness emphasized by contrast the
general dilapidation. His watery blue
eyes were melancholy, and the droop of
his mustache suggested a disappointed
man. He was talking in low tones to a
pretty chambermaid.
An hour afterward I saw him again.
He was with two tramps more ordinary in
their dilapidation than himself, and the
x rio were enjoying some bits of food and
a cau of stale lwer, the results of bis plea
witli the servant girl Over this lun
cheou. which wne being enjoyed In the
chiil open air of a park, the decayed gen
tleman was saying to bis companions:
My collar nnd cuffs were what did it.
They were the marks of a gentleman, and
the girl couldn't witbstaud their influence
Let me give you this advice, based on my
ovvu experience: No matter how badly
off ou maybe for clothes, never fail to
wear a clean collar and cuffs They are
impressive, let me tell you. Dou't omit
them fiow your toilet, no matter if the
i est of your ersons are covered only with
rags Clean linen at your neck and wrists
will have amagicunexplainable influence,
and any sacrifice which you may have to
make in maintaining them will be far
more than compensated by the favors
they will bring you."
No doubt there was practical as well us
theoretical truth in this gentleman's
philosophy. New York Sun.
Alpine Climbing in Winter.
Climbing the Alps in winter is a pastime
in which few mountaineers indulge,
though much more extended views may
be obtained in tine winter weather than
during the more or less lazy summer days.
Mrs. Jackson, au ambitious English
climber, has this whiter, however,
ascended the Lauterarrhorn and the Little
Viescherhorn, two summits that have
never liefore been reached in winter. The
ascent and descent of the Lauterarrhorn
occupied a day and a half, and was made
under the guidance of Emit Boss, the
famous guide, who led the way three
jears ago up Mount Kabru, in the Hima
layas, the highest ascent yet made by
mountaineers. Chicago News.
Changes In Netlenal Drinking Us.
Some Important changes are now raking
place in the drinking habits of several
great countries. China, for example, has
just ordered a lot of bottled beer for the
use of the sailors who man her lately
acquired fleet of ironclads Japan, not to
be behind ber ancient rival, has sent a
professor of Tokio university to Europe
for the purpose of "sampling" the various
kinds of beer that Germany produces.
Thence he will go to England, and on his
return to Japan bis imperial majesty, the
emperor, will issue a decree to establish
beer as the national drink. This action is
taken on account of tbe vicious habit of
gin tippling which has recently obtained a
foothold in Japan. In England, too, the
consumption of beer is on the Increase,
whereas tbe British bill for liquor is
smaller this year than it has been for a
decade. In France, on the other hand,
tbe use of brandy and gin is much more
common and frequent than it was before
tbe Franco-Prussian war. Tbe Epoch.
Didn't Quite Uaerstaad.
GeorgeDoes a rat smell like whisky
Mother No, dear; whydoypnaakr
George Last night whea'psfa talked
a little funny I smelt whisky and you said
jom melt a rsk Tke Epoch.
PROTECTION FOR FARMERS.
A Clear Statement Showing How They
Are Benefited by It.
A committee of gentlemen who con
sented to assume the task of examining
several thousand letters addressed ts The'
New York Tribune by citizens and eqpa
izations interested in agricultural puis
suits, discussing the tariff questioav has
prepared a long and interesting report.
It gives the conclusions reached as re
gards the general tendency of sentiment
manifested inthat mass of correspondence.
The outcome is strongly indicative of a
belief on the part of avast majority of
the farmers of this country that the pro
tective system, as developed in the impo
sition of customs duties upon imports,
has been of great value in promoting tbe
welfare of agricultural as well as other
industries.
And the views thus expressed are veri
fied not only by theory and common ob
servation, but also in the form of official
statements. For example, the last census
showed that the increase in area of culti
vated lands in ten great farming states of
the west-between 1800 and 1880 was 100
percent., involving, ot course, a corre
sponding volume of agricultural pro
ductions. This would havo created a disastrous
glut if no ready means of consumption
had appeared. But owing to the encour
agement afforded to enterprise in all di
rections by the protective tariff the hands
employed in manufactures increased 251
percent., the wages paid them 303 per
cent, and tbe material they used 389 per
cent.
Tbe wages these manufacturing opera
tives had to spend averaged $1.10 for each
improved acre of land in 1660, and had
advanced to $1.71 iu 1880. The materials
purchased for manufacturing uses, mainly
from farms, which averaged only $4.03
for each improved acre in I860, had
reached an average of $7.58 in 1880.
But for this augmented consuming
power, derived from manufacturing activi
ties, tillers of the soil could have disposed
of only a small portion, comparatively, of
their products, and their industry must
have suffered ruinous depression. Agri
culture was sustained and made fairly re
munerative only by tbe prosperity of man
ufacturing interests which naturally be
came tributary to it.
It appears from the tenor of many of the
letters that the writers, while appreciating
the value of protection to manufacturing
industries, are desirous of extending the
system in such u way as to cover more
completely products of the soil, and hence
the committee has included considerable
information in its report concerning
Epeciflc points in respect of which changes
may be desirable.
Theso are enumerated in the subjoined
draft of n memorial to congress, which
farmers are recommended to forward
either through their senators and repre
sentatives or through The Tribune office:
I'ETITIOX FOU MORE EFFECTUAL PROTEC
TION OF AGKlcrLrURE.
To the Speaker cf the House of Repre
sentatives: The undersigned respectfully pray that
agriculture muy be more effectually pro
tected, by preventing fraudulent importa
tions of cattle on preteuse that they are
for breeding only;
By a duty of 20 cents per bushel on
barley, with proportionate increase of
duty on malt;
By duties of 25 cents per bushel on
potatoes and onions, $2 per 100 on cab
bages, $3 per ton on hay, 10 cents per
pound on bops, 20 per cent- on beans
and peas, 5 cents per dozen on eggs, 30
percent, on fowls and poultry and on
"vegetables in their natural state or brine,
not otherwise provided for," with no re
moval or reduction of duties on market
garden products;
By such increased duties on flax and on
linen goods as will effectually encourage
the preparation of fiber and manufactured
goods;
By abolishing all duties on sugar, with
a bounty to home producers;
By preventing imposts of leaf tobacco
suitable for wrappers at the duty imposed
on other leaf tobacco, and repealing all
internal taxes on tobacco;
By restoring to wool growing the sub
stantial protection enjoyed under the tariff
of 1867, so modified as to meet the later
forms of foreign competition and of eva
sion. The committee which has had this
matter in charge consists of gentlemen
who are well known throughout the coun
try as friends of agricultural enterprise,
and most of them are or have been con
nected with some branch of it.
Flowers of the Arctle Regions.
The polar flowers seldom have any per
fume, and tbe few that exhibit this de
lightful quality, however feeble, are, I
think, from that class that have crept over
the cold border marked by the Arctic
circle; or, in short, none of the fifty men
tioned Eskimo flowers, we might call
them in a popular way have any appre
ciable odor. The color of these boreal
blossoms are generally of the cold tints,
as if in harmony with the chilly sur
roundings, instead of tbe warm hues that
would break in upon the desolation with
double effect by sheer contrast where so
few cheering sights are be seen. White
and light yellow predominate, and these
colors seem associated with frosts and
cold weather, for it appears that these
flowers we coll "everlastings," and which
are the longest to defy tbe nippings of the
coming winter weather, are mostly tinted
like the northern snows and yellow
northern lights.
It is in the depths of old ocean that we
find some of the largest expressions of
plant life in the polar zone. Here, within
a short distance of shore, are colossal
kelps and other life that grow throughout
the year; of course, vegetating the most
in the short summer months. Land
plants, as already said, are pigmies com
pared with those of the sea, or even the
corresponding class in lower latitudes,
and this dwarfed condition, a naturalist
tells us, is not due so much to the intense
cold iu tbe arctic winter as to the fact
they do not get enough warmth in sum
mer to develop them perfectly. Dr. Joseph
Hooker mentions it as a rare property of
one of the graminero (the grasses), Trise
tum Subspicatum, that it is the only polar
species known which is equally an inhab
itant of the arctic and antarctic regions.
Frederick Schwatka in Woman.
A Story of the Stage.
"In my early time upon the stage,"
writes Mrs. Thomas Whiffen, "I was en
gaged with a certain opera company. We
were playing at a certain theatre in a cer
tain city not 100 miles from the Irish sea.
It was Christmas time, and the pan
tomlme was still running, though some
what waning in its attraction, ho an
opera was played before it. What opera
it was on tbe particular night to which I
refer I forget; but remember that during
the last act I was Bitting in the green
room waiting for my call, and I saw the
principal characters of the harlequinade
come in. As usual, they began getting
into trim for their work by doing before
the glass some of the pantomimic busi
ness which they were soon to act oil the
stage, especially the harlequin, whom X
knew welL
"He was a nice kindly fellow, always
cheerful and pleasant, particularly to tbe
younger members of the company; always
making them laugh by some droll thing
he did or said. Well, there he wss, be
fore tbe large class posturing and atti
tudinlstng, much to our amusement. We
soon noticed that his face was workiBf
too, and grimace followed grimace until
we Jaugbed ourselves tired and told him
ne was taiung away the clown business.
. This went on for a few minutes, and then
! 1 saw that the tears were streaming down
his face: still he went on with his twist
I lng and twirling. I went to him and
j asked: 'What is tbe matter, Mr. Tanner?
!4n went tbe contortions of bis body faster
khan ever, and tbe tears fell faster still.
le pulled the black mask of the harlequin
ulckly over his face, still keeping on his
aexercislug, and iu a trembling voice.
Loroken by sobs, gasped out: 'My mother
meu tuts morning.' "New York Trib
une. America a,mt England Contrasted.
Men speak of the sacredness of liberty.,
They talk as If the will of every one
ought to be his only guide; that allegi
ance is due only to majorities; that allegi
ance of any other kind is base and u relic
of servitude. The Americans are the
freest people In the world; but in their
freedom they have to obey the funda
mental laws of the Union. Again and
again in the West Indies Mr. Motley's
words came back to me. To be taken into
the American Union is to be adopted into
a partnership. To belong as a crown col
any to the British empire, as things stand,
Piano partnership at alL It is to belong
to a power which sacrifices, as It has al
ways sacrificed, the interests of its de
pendencies to its own. The blood runs
freely through every vein and artery of
the American body corporate. Every
single citizen feels his share in the life of
his nation.
Great Britain leaves her crown colonies
to take care of themselves, refuses what
they ask, and forces on them what they
had rather be ithout. If I were a West
Indian l should feel that under the Stars
and Stripes 1 should be safer than I was
at present from political experimenting.
I should have a market in which to sell
my produce where I should be treated as
u triend; I should have a power behind
me aud protecting me, and 1 should have
a future to which I could look forward
with confidence. America would restore
me to hope and life; Great Britain allows
me to sink, contenting herself with advis
ing me to be patient. Why should I con
tinue loyal when my loyalty was so con
temptuously valued? "The English in
the West Indies," by James A. Froude.
Pen Picture of Stepnlalc.
Stepniak, the author of "Underground
Russia," was formerly a professor in a
Russian university. He now passes his
days, accompanied by his charming wife,
in the British museum working and study
ing. At evening they return to their
pretty little villa near Regent's park. The
garden slopes down to the canal, so that
nothing but trees bounds the view.
Stepniak has an essentially Slavic type
of physiognomy, a square, powerful head,
strong jaw, and rapid, fiery glance, indi
cating great intellect, resolution and
energy. He also possesses remarkable
quickness in interpreting character. He
has a massive frame, a broad chest, and is
of fair height. In conversation and dis
cussion where he is interested bis manner
is animated and impressive. He is quite
at ease in writing English, but in speak
ing it he now and then checks himself an
instant to choose a word. He is a com
plete master of the whole field of Russian
subjects, and is a generally learned and
cultured man. His manners are some
what brusque and original, but he receives
his friends warmly. In bis whole bearing
there is such an air of superiority and
strangeness that he cannot fail to attract
attention. His wife is a graceful, gracious,
vivacious, intelligent Russian lady with a
roost sympathetic countenance, two large
dark eyes, short, curly black hair and fair
skin. New York Post.
Records That Went to Halifax.
It has not long been known that at the
evacuation of Boston by the British troops
in March, 1776, many of the loyalist in
habitants of the city departed with them.
The fleet, conveying the troops and the
fleeing civilians, proceeded to Halifax,
where many of tbe loyalists took up their
abode, and where many of their descend
ants are to be found at the present day.
It is also a matter of general belief that
these fleeing tones took with them many
valuable records. It is not, however, gen
erally known that these missing records in
clude all of the papers of the Boston cos
torn house from the time of its establish
ment to the time of the evacuation.
Among these papers were the records of
tbe arrival of many of the vessels which
brought tbe early settlers of the colony,
and, doubtless, included much which, at
tbe present day, would be of the greatest
value as historical material. It is credi
bly reported that many of these docu
ments are still In existence iu tbe posses
sion of the authorities at Halifax. Would
it not be an excellent idea to recover, if
possible, these valuable papers, which it
Is probable might be done upon proper
application? Boston Advertiser
The Conductor's Doctored Punch.
An ex-conductor says that it is a some
what common practice to give an employe
of whom the street car company Is a little
suspicious a doctord punch, which will
fail to register the full cash receipts of
the day by a dollar or two. Of course the
conductor drops to the irregularity in a
day or two. If he is honest and knows
what is itest for him he will turn in the
crooked indicator at the office immedi
ately. If he is crooked, and thinks he
can hang on to bis punch nnd salt down a
few extra dollars, he is suddenly re
quested in tbe coarse of a week to band
over his puueb. Then he gats his walk
ing papers, and under the circumstances
he feels a diffidence about inquiring why
he is bounced and seeks employment else
where. The ex-conductor asserts that
buch a register was given to him once on a
time, but he "tumbled" to its inaccura
cies after a two day.' trial, turned it iu
nnd was never afterward troubled. Clii
rjico Tribune.
Fitting Testimonials Proposed.
Several of the Democratic papers ot
Oregou are so intensely delighted with the
confirmation of Lamar that they will
probably send him a testimonial of their
feelings in the form of a beautifully en
grossed copy of the Confederate constitu
tion and a full jeweled shotgun. Portland
Oregonlan.
Crashing, bat He Survives.
We observe that Senator Chandler is
making himself felt and heard in a way
that the country admires and appreciates,
notwithstanding the crushing charge re
iterated by the Mugwump press that his
name is "Bill." Trenton Gazette.
ttlve I's the Benefit of the Donbt.
The Democratic members of congress are
showing a commendable hesitation about
tinkering the tariff. Exactly adapted to
their present position is tbe old precept,
"When la doubt, don't." Baltimore
American.
A Man of Limited Scope.
The Chicago Mail scores a good point
when it refers to Cleveland -as "the presi
dent of New York," an allusion to his
limited political-knowledge of the rest of
the country. Toledo Blade.
Syrap of Fig
Is Nature's own true laxative. It is the
most easily taken, and the moat effective
remedy known to Cleanse the System
when Bilious or Costive; to dispel Head
aches, Colds and Fevers; to cure Habit
ual Constipation, Indigestion, Files, eta
Msnafaoturedonlyby.the California Fig
Syrap Company, Ban Francisco, CaL For
tale only by Powty k Becncr. 27-y
FARM AND GARDEN.
A CHEAP AND EASY PLAN OF
WARMING WATER FOR STOCK.
Double Pmrpeee Ladder Protection
Against Kabblta and Ground Slice.
How to Car Hams Fercherons a Die
tlnet Breed The Honey Union.
Farmers who live at remote distances
from veterinary surgeons often lose val
uable animals because they lack know!
' edge, not only of the diseaso and its
treatment, but, in cases calling for out
side applications, best methods of apply
' ing bandages. When hot poultices are in
order it is very necessary that these
should be ad justed so as to retain the heat
and prevent an aggravation of the com
! plaiut which is likely to follow when tbe
( poultice is not closely held in place. It is
j with any application only wise and kind
! to so arrange a bandage that the beast
will suffer no inconvenience from it.
FIQ. 1 THROAT BAKDAQE.
The first figure here presented, illus
trates a throat bandage for a horse, that
was described recently in Ohio Farmer.
This bandage serves well for any outside
application to the throat. If a poultice is
used, as in the case of swollen glands,
etc, it is advised to first adjust the band-
, age, then place the poultice in a cloth
i folded so as to retain it and draw between
I the bandage and the throat. After it has
been adjusted, the baiter is put in place.
A liniment can be applied in the same
way.
FIO. 2 CHEST BANDAGE.
In the second cut is shown a properly
adjusted bandage to the chest. This will
be found especially useful for applying
liniments and like curatives in cases of
lung fever, etc., or for holding in place a
poultice on collar lralls.
Instructive Figures In Egg Production.
A French authority gives the following
as the average weight of eggs from dif
ferent breeds: Light Brahmas and Part
ridge Cochins' eggs, 7 to the pound; they
lay, according to treatment and keeping,
from 80 to 100 per annum, oftentimes
more, if kept well. Dark Brahmas, 8 to
the pound, and about 70 per annum.
Black, white and buff Cochius, 8 to the
pound; 100 is a large yield per annum.
Plymouth Rocks, 8 to tho pound, lay 100
per annum. Houdans, 8 to the pound, lay
150 per annum; non-setters. La Fleche,
7 to the pound, lay 130 per annum; non
setters. Black SpanLsh, 7 to the pound,
lay 150 per annum. Dominiques, 9 to the
fmnd, lay 180 per annum. Game fowls,
to the pound, lay 130 per annum. Creve
coeurs. 7 to the pound, lay 150 perannum.
Leghorns, 9 to the pound, lay from 150 to
200 per annum. Hamburgs, 9 to the pound,
lay 170 per annum. Polish, 9 to the pound,
lay 150 per annum. Bantam, 16 to the
fmnd, lay 60 per annum. Turkeys' eggs,
to the pound, lay from SO to 60 per an
num. Ducks' eggs vary greatly with dif
ferent species, but from 6 to 6 to the
pound, and from 14 to 28 per annum, ac
cording to age and keeping. Geese, 4 to
the pound, lay 20 per annum. Guinea
fowls. 11 to the pound, lay 60 per annum.
Large eggs have generally a thicker shell
than smaller ones.
A Convenient Ladder.
The present Is an opportune time for
preparing conveniences that may be made
in the work shop for future use. A
farmer can hardly comprise in his stock of
farm appliances too many ladders; short
ladders, long ladders and step ladder?
being all required at one time or other.
The accompanying cut shows a wonder
fully convenient ladder, which, while by
no means new, is very desirable. It plays,
according to adjustment, the dual part of
step ladder and an ordinary straight
ladder.
ijara
sr--J . . -
wlawaaftsyal TTpmi lmf rr 1 i 1
5E
A STIP AKD STRAIGHT LADDER IK OKE.
The idea is conveyed in the cat, in
which the two parts are shown ready to
be put together. The upper round ot tbe
wide ladder should be run through slots
in the narrow one. The slots are a little
more than twice as long, and just as wide,
as the diameter of the round. The
notches in tbe end of the inside ladder
should rest firmly upon the second round
of the outside one, and the notches in the
end of that one on the projecting ends
of the round of the other. The uprights
are made of 2 by 3 inch spruce, and when
spliced for a long ladder, aud a block
pressed into the slots beside the rounds, it
is nearly as firm as though made of one
piece. It takes but a moment to pull it
apart enough to shut It up to the desired
angle for a special ladder.
Manufacturing Bone Dust.
The method of manufacturing bone dust
at home and here given is vouched for by
a New England farmer who has tried it:
From 150 pounds of steamed ground bones
separate fifty pouuds of the finest. Put
the coarser 100 pounds into a steamer or
kettle with an equal weight of water,
cover and boil about an hour. Then dip
out the contents into a half hogshead tub
while hot, and gradually pour into it
about fifty pounds of the oil of vitriol,
stirring tbe mixture. When effervescence
has ceased, add the remaining fifty pouuds
of dry, fine bones and mix thoroughly.
Bones which have had the grease and
glue removed from them are much easier
dissolved than raw ones.
The Percheron s Distinct Breed.
For a long time war has been waged
among tit breeders of French draught
frost' and well cured, stock prefer it to
bay. When selected for aeed all stalks
bearing two ears or more are left stauding
tn the field until dead ripe, and when they
ire cut up the top ears only are saved,
and only those that are well formed and
have straight rows. By Judicious selec
tion of tbe first ears that ripen, the period
of maturity has been materially shortened,
rhis variety tbe first year was 141 days
ripening. Last year it ripened in ninety
sight, sad in the fields of some farmers in
ninety days.
Ttaasplaatlss; Trees.
A southern wsrttspotdtat calls atteu-
non to wnat ne consiuers an important
point in transplanting trees, viz.: To
have the tree, when transplanted, iu tho
mmc positions as to the points of the com
pass as before removal. He says: "The
iouth side of a tree is exposed to the direct
rays of the sun, while the north side is
more or less protected from them.
Nature accommodates Itself to this
changed conditiou, nnd the difference in
development in many trees ou the south
and north sides is obvious to ordinary ob
servation. When the sooth side of a tree is turned
to the north, each side finds itself in a
position for which nature has made no
preparation, and denth follows almost as
certainly as if the top were put in the
;round and the roots turned up to the
iky.
The willow and somo other trees will
zrow if planted upside down, and many
trees will grow with t he south 3klc turned
to the north, but with trees difficult to
transplant at best, it is a mistako very
apt to be fatal to turn the south side to
the north, and the older the tree the
greater the danger from changing sides in
transplanting.
A Tear of Promise.
The Idaho pear, which takes its name
from the state where it originated, at
tracted, during last season, considerable
comment from prominent nomologists.
The shape of this pear, which is roundish
Dr obovate, is shown in the cut. It is of
large size, the illustration here given hav
ing been reduced one-third from natural
size. It varies in color from n greenish
yellow to a bright yellow, according to its.
ripeness. The flesh, which is firm aud
Juicy, is devoid of any gritty texture, and
Is characterized by n very pleasant flavor
and distinct aroma. Its season is later
than that of the Bartlctt, and it gives
promise of being a good keeper.
If ' J iVH
IV 1
ftv w
IDAHO TEAR TWO-THIRDS NATURAL SIZE.
It is claimed that the trees nre vigorous
in habit, having dark foliage, with the
fruit quite evenly distributed over tho
tree, sometimes :u cluster, liie Idaho
' pear is a seedling, grown from the seed of
1 1 large red cheeked pear (name unknown)
! planted by u lady at Lcwlston, Idaho,
I some twenty yeurs ago. The tree fruited
I the fourth year from seed, it is claimed,
I nd has borne annually ever since. -s
the latitude of its origin is il degs. 15
niius. north, and it has survived winters
when the thermometer ranged from 15 to
30 degs. below zero, thero is good reason
or believing It hardy and udapted to a
wide range of country.
Cheap Device for ATIndlng Wire.
The device shown in the cut for taking
wire from hop yards or fences appeared
originally in Rural New Yorker, where it
tvas described as follows: Take an .old
washtub and a board five or six inches
wide; nail the board across the tub, letting
it project three or four Inches nt each end.
Then through the center of the bottom
af the tub aud of the board on top bore a
Dne and a half inch hole. Put a polo
through the hole for a shaft. Also boro
i hole about a foot from the center and
Irive in a peg for a crank handle, ns shown,
rhe one seen In the cut is nn old well
:rank
WINDING WIRE.
If it Is worked in a hop yard, fasten
the shaft to the poles, letting it project
at the end where the wire is to be taken
off enough to slip the tub ou. If it is to
be used In taking wire off a. fence or whero
there is nothing to which it can be fast
ened, drive two posts in the ground six or
seven feet apart. Then tie the vire to the
end of the bonnl and turn the crank, nnd
you will see how nicely the wire will coil
around the tub. The tub must be taper
ing, of course.
The Honey Irodncer' TJnton.
At the convention of the New York
State Beekeepers" association at Utica it
was decided to form nn international as
sociation under the name of the Honey
J Producers union, to secure and publish
statistics regarding tue product ia every
honey producing state In the Union in the
months of May, June, July, August and
September.
A Good Ration for Jerseys.
Tho Jersey Bulletin says that a good
ration for Jerseys 13 four pounds corn
meal, four pounds linseed meal, six pounds
wheat bran, and fifteen pounds of clover
nay. If you have corn fodder, add a little
more linseed meal and wheat bran or a
little malt sprouts if you can buy them
reasonablv.
What a Time
People formerly hail, trying to swallow
tho old-fashioned pill with its film of
magnesia vainly disguising its bitter
ness ; and what a contrast to Ayer's
Pills, that have been well callr.l "med
icated sugar-plums" tho only fear be
ing that patients may bo tempted into
taking too many at a dose. But tiiu
directions are plain aud should be
strictly followed.
J. T. Teller, M. D., of Chittenango,
N. Y., expresses exactly what hundreds
have written at gi eater length. Ho
says: " Ayer's Cuthartit Pills are highly
appreciated. They are perfect in form
aud coating, aud their effects are all
that the most careful physician could
desire. They have supplanted all the
Pills formerly popular here, and I think
it must be long before any other can
be made that will at all compare with
them. Those who buy your pills get
full value for their money."
"Safe, pleasant, and cortalu iu
their netion," ia the concise testimony
of Dr. George E. Walker, of Martins
ville, Virginia.
"Ayer'a Pills outsell all similar prep
arations. Tho public having once uted
them, will have no others." Berry,
Veuable & Collier, Atlanta, Ga.
Ayer's Pills,
Prepared by Dr. J.C. Aytr&Co.,Lowe!!,Msss,
eld by all Healers la MetUcUe. (
TBS VXltsBT
National Bank!
or
COLUMBUS, m
-HAS AN-
Authorized Capital of $250,000.
A Surplus Fund of - $20,000,
And the largest Paid im Cask Capital of
any bank in this part ot the State.
OT'Deposita received aad interest paid em
time deposits.
jy Drafts on the princ ipal cities ia thiaeeaav
try and Europe bought and sold.
CW-CoUectiona and all other bosineea alTem
prompt and careful attention.
STOCXHOLDXBS.
A. ANDERSON. Pres't.
J. H. GALLEY, Yice Prea't.
O.T.ROEN. Cashier.
G. ANDERSON, P. ANDER80N.
JACOB GREISEN. HENKY RAGAT2L
JOHN J. SULLIVAN, W. A. McALLISTlfc.
Apr2S-'86tf
business &ards.
D. T. Maiityn, M. D.
F. J. Schto. M. D.
Dn. UARTYN & SCHUG,
U. S. Examining Surgeons.
Local Snrpeons, Union Pacific. O., N. A
B. II. and B. fc M. K. R's.
Consultation in German and English. Tele
phones at office and residencx-s.
JsyOffice on Olivo street, next to Brodfnea
rer's Jewelry Storv.
COLUMBUS,
NEBRASKA.
42-y
H
AHII.TO. MEADE, M. .,
pnrsiciAX axd surgeox,
Platte Center. Nebraska. -y
w.
a. McAllister,
ATTORXET tfc XOTARY PUBLIC.
Office np-st.iirs in Henry's building, comer of
Olivo and 11th streets. angl(M7y
w.
m. jok:ei,iu!i.
LAW AXD COLLECTION OFFICS.
Upstaira Ernst building, Hth street.
OULEIVAIV A. KEEDER,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
Office over First National Bank, Colombo.
Nebraska. 50.tr
C.
1. EVAIN, y. .,
V11YS1CIAX AXD SURGEOX.
ayOflico and rooms, Gluck building, llta
street. Telephone communication. 4-y
T .11. .MACFAKLA.IU,
ATTORXEY it XOTARY PUBLIC.
. BTPffico oer First National Bank. Coluj
bus, Nebraska.
jonv EUSDErv,
COUXTY SURVEYOR.
jy Parties desiring surveying done can ad
dress meat Columbus, Neb., or call at my offiee
in Court Houee. 5maj88-y
T J. CJKAJ1EK,
CO. SUP'T. PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
I will be in my officw in the Court House, the
third batnrday of each month for tbe examina
tion of applicants for teachers' certificates, and
for tho transaction of other school business
lSjanSS
W
AI.GRAF HMOS.,
DRAY and EXPRESS3IEN.
Light and heavy hauling. Goods handled
with care Uoadquartera at J. P. Becker & Co.'a
ofhee. Telephone, 33 and 34. 30mar87y
DK.J.CIIAM. WILLI',
(Deut3C?u:r Arzt.)
PHYSICIAN and SURGEON,
Columbus. Neb.
EYE DISEASES A SPECIALTY.
Office: Telephone:
Eleventh Street. Office No. 46: Residence No.87.
22mar87
JOHN G. HIGGINS.
C. J. GARLOW.
Collection Attorney.
HIGGINS & GABL0W,
ATTORXEYS-AT-LAW,
Specialty mado of Collections by C. J. Garlow.
34-m
H. C. 30 YD,
MASUFACTCBIE Or
Tin and Sheet-Iron Ware !
Job-Work, Roofing and Gutter
ing a Specialty
SfShop on Olive street, 2 doors north of
Brodfuehrer's Jewelry Store. 32-tf
nrriYEA .WONDERS exist in
1 1 1. Uthnuands of forms, but are ur
irr I passed by the marvels of invention,
aw Bsi Bni I Those who are in need of profitable
work that can be done whilo living at home
should at once eond thtir address to HallKt A
Co., Portland. Maine, and receive free, full in
formation how either sex, of all ages, can earn
from $5 to 25 per day and upwards wherever
they live. ou are btarted free. Capital not re-
a aired. Some have made over $0 in a single
ay at this work. All succeed. 87dec28y
$500 Reward!
We will pay tho above reward for any case of
liver complaint, dyspepsia, sick headache, indi
gestion, constipation or costiveness we cannot
cure with West's Vegetable Liver Pills, when the
directions are strictly complied with. They are
purely vegetable, and never fail to give satisfac
tion. Largo boxes containing 30 sugar coated
pills, 25c. For sale by all druggists. Beware of
counterfeits and immitations. Tho genuine
manufactured only by JOHN C. WEST A CO.,
S62 V. Madison St., Chicago, 111. dec7'87y
INVENTION!
has revolutionized
the world during tbe
last half century.
Not least amomt the
wonders of inventive progress is a method and
system of work that can be performed all over
the country without separating the workers from
their homes. Pay liberal; any one can do tbe
work; either sex. young or old: no special ability
required. Capital not needed; you are started
free. Cut this out and retarn to ns and we will
send you free, something of great value and im
portance to yon, that will start you is business.
which will bring yon in more money right away.
man anywing eise in me world. Gr
free. Address True & Co., Augusta, Me.
decs
JJfWSPAffR
jflpVERTlSIWC
A book of 100 pages.
The best book for am
advertiser to con
sult, be be experi
enced or otherwlaa.
It contains lists oPtiewspapers and estimates)
of the costof advertising. The advertiserwho
wants to spend one dollar, finds kx It the bt
formatlon he requires, while forhlm who will
Invest one hundred thousand dollars la ad
vertising, a scheme is indicated which, will
meet his every requirement, or cam 8etasT
to do to hy $llght change taUj arrtrml at of ear
respondent, lia editions have been laned.
Sent; post-paid, to any address for 10 eeata.
Write to GEO. P. ROWELL CO,
NEWSPAPER ADVERTISING BUKXAU.
U08asneSt.Prla8nglloaM8..), SawTork.