Nebraska Newspapers

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VOL. XVUL-NO. 41.
COLUMBUS, NEB.. WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 1, 1888.
WHOLE NO. 925.
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COLUMBUS
STATE BANK.
COLUMBUS, NEB.
Cash Capital
$75,000.
DIRECTORS:
LEAN DER GERHARD, Prw't.
GEO. V. IIUL8T, Vice I'r't.
JULIUS A. HEED.
R. H. HENRI.
J. K. TASKF.it. Cashier.
Baak r Uepewlt, IMwtuI
Ud KicIibbko.
CUectleBM Promptly Made
II PelBtM.
Iy latereNt XIsm !
It. 274
MUM
-O'r
COLUMBUS, NEB.
CAPITAL STOCK, $50,000.
OFFICERS:
O. H. SHELDON, Pres't.
W. A. MCALLISTER. Vic Pros'.
ROHERT UHL1G. Cashier.
DANIEL SCIIRAM. Ass't Cash.
DIRECTORS:
J. P. BECKER. H. 1'. H. OEHLRICII.
JONAS WELCH. CARL REINKE.
II. M. WINSLOW.
This Hank transacts a regular Banking Busi
ness, will allow interest on time deposits, make
collect ions, buy or ell exchange on United
State and Europe, and buy find, sell available
securities.
We hull ba pkl to rocoive your business.
We solicit your patronage. Wo guarantee satis
faction in all business intruded in our care.
doc2S-87
. FOR THE
WESTERN COTTAGE ORGAN
CALL OS
A. & M.TURNER
Or W. KIBLEB,
Traveling; Saleaasaav
J2Br"""Thefe organs hn first-clasn.in every par
ticular, and so guaranteed.
SCtMFFROTH ft PLITN,
DEAI.KRS IX
WIND MILLS,
AND PUMPS.
Buckeye Mower, combined, Self
Binder, wire or twine.
Piaps Repaired on sfaert lotice
5One door went of HeintzV Drug Store. 11th
fctreet, Columbus, Neb. 17nova3-tf
HENRY &ASS.
UNDERTAKER !
COFFINS AND METALLIC CASES
AND SCALER I1C
Farnitura, Chair, Badataada. Bu
reaus, Tables. Safes. Xtougaa,
Ac. Picture Frantea and
Mouldings.
ST Repairing of all kinds of Uphol
stery Goods.
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COLUMBUS. NEBRASKA.
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PATENTS
Caveats and Trade Mark obtained, and all Fat.
cat boaine conducted for MODERATE FEES.
OUR OFFICE IS OPPOSITE TJ. a PATENT
-. OFFICE. We hare no sab-ageactea, aU hnslasss
direct, bene we can transact patent business in
1m time and at LESS COST than those remote
- Head model, dravinr. 01 photo, with descrip
tion. We advie if patentable or not, free ot
charge. Oqr fee not due till patent is secured.
y A book. "How to Obtain Patent." with rafer
eacea so actual client inyour state, county or
.tows, scat fres. AddJ?,mwor A gin
Opposite Patent OBoaw aahugton, JVC.
FARM AND GARDEN.
A SELF EMPTYING BUCKET FOR NAR
ROW WELLS.
laferawatlea About Ordlaary aad Cost
tactoua Foot Rot voatUatiaa; Boor for
Pooltry Hooaea SlaaploWaytoMoaanro
Fields or Orchard by Proportion.
Id the accompanying eat is shown a
simple method, originally Illustrated in
Southern Cultivator, to measore fields or
orchards by proportion.
--.--,.
AfSASUBIXO A TOLD.
Take a plank an inch more than one or
two feet square, planed and smoothed,
leaving outside say an inch; draw a line
exactly, with the best carpenter's square
obtainable, making the line so as to
leave the margin all around marking the
1, 1-2, 1-4, 1-8, 1-16, 1-32, etc., as far as
you can for the fractions to be plain, and
be very careful to have your line around
perfectly square and every fraction a9
exact as possible, for a small error here
will become greater the larger the field to
be surveyed. Fasten in the center on the
underside a block with a hole In it, so It
will set on a staff, the upper end of which
is to be fitted in, the lower end sharpened
to stick in the ground. Select a place, on
the straightest line of your ground is best,
but any place where you can see some or
all of the various angles the fence makes,
will do.
Stick your staff firmly in the ground
and get your little plank on it At the
exact corner of your line have a small
bole aad a rule with a peg, ae it will fit,
and two pins for sights, the length of
your rule or line. Then sight your objects
and measure, turning your rule or instru
ment to sight the objects in succession.
Noto carefully the distances on your table
marked by the rule. Then you have a
series of right angled triangles, whose
llko sides are proportional. Any one who
understands the "single rule of three"
can then measure in a few minutes a field
that would take hours with chain and
compass with sufficient accuracy for all
practical purposes. Illustration:
To find distance C to O we have two
similar triangles: COA and BAB. Sup
pose BE-3 inches, or 8-32, or 3-16, It
does not matter which, so far as the pro
portion is concerned; CD and AE 12,
say then
Base. HorisontaL Base. Horizontal.
BE : AE :: AC : CO
3 : 19 :: 13 : x
12 times 12144; divided by 8-48
CO 48 inches, or fraction, as the case
may be. Taking other points, by turning
your table, find other distances, and
knowing these it is very easy to find the
area. It is not necessary to stay in one
place. Stick a stake at first place and
you can then measure other distances
from it. Any intelligent school boy can
make this Instrument and measure with
sufficient accuracy for ordinary farming
purposes. The more accurate your in
strument the more accurate the result.
Of course, by taking a long plank and
marking it the more correct you would
be, as your sights would bo farther off
and the triangle larger.
Treatsaent of Foot Hot.
Common foot rot is caused by decay of
the horn or excessive moisture, and iu
sheep the outer crust of the foot grows so
that it terns under the sole and gathers
sand and gravel, which wear the softened
sole and make the feet sore. In cattle the
space between the hoofs is affected In the
same way, and the soft horn wears and
decays. Then the tissues under the horn
become inflamed and sore, and suppurate,
and this is what is known as ordinary
foot rot. It is easily cured by paring
away the dead decayed horn, washing the
diseased tissues under it and applying
some healing dressing. Laniger recom
mends for this purpose tincture of ben
zoin, or the green ointment mads of four
parts lard, one part venice turpentine, one
part spirits of turpentine and one-half
part acetate of copper, all well mixed by
melting the lard and well stirring.
Contagious and malignant foot rot oc
curs in sheep and is a consequence of
neglected ordinary foot rot. The purulent
matter gathers under the horn and bur
rows in the vascular parts of the foot
until it reaches the bones, which become
ulcerated. A diseased sheep fouls the
pasture and the floors of the sheds, and
other sheep pick up on their feet the virus
thus scattered, and so the dtaesne thus
spreads. The remedy, according to the
authority already referred to, is to pare
the feet and remove all loose horn; to
thoroughly clean the feet, down to healthy
tissues, from all diseased matter, by a
solution of one ounce blue vitrei (sulphate
of copper) in a pint of water, and then
dust them with air slaked lime. The sheep
should be put into a clean grass field or
into a shed with a clean floor sprinkled
with air slaked lime, and the feet should
be dressed with the copper solution until
the purulent discharge ceases and then
smeared with pine tar and bound up.
A New Variety of Currant.
The new currant introduced last season
under the name Crandall is supposed to
be a hybrid between the cherry currant
and Kibes Aureum. The introducers of
this new variety, which originated in
Kansas, describe it as bluish black hi
color when fulty ripe, and varying in size
from oue-quarter to one-half of an inch in
diameter, and growing in bunches of Ave
to eight berries each. The flavor of the
fruit is said to be peculiar to itself and
superior to the English black currant.
Professor Budd, of Iowa, has expressed
himself as believing the Crandall to be
valuable for general cultivation. Tick,
the well known New York seedsman, says
that the currant worm does not infest this
variety, aud that it adapts itself to almost
any soil. It appears to be especially
prized for preserves and jellies.
A Word Aboat Alfalfa.
Alfalfa is a perennial plant, which
flourishes best in warm climates and deep,
rich soils; the roots grow long and large,
and when once established in a favorable
location an immense amount of fodder
will be produced for several years. It
succeeds admirably in California, where
its long tap root seems to defy drought,
and is especially well adapted to our
southern states; but it is not suited to a
hard pan or close compact clay soil or
thin lands, but delights in soils where its
long tap roots meet with no obstruction.
There is no better plant known for pro
ducing a large amount of fodder for soil
ing purposes from a small area of ground
adapted to its growth, and it is also used
for bay, although owing to the woody
fibre of its stem it is not equal to red
clover. It has been grown to some extent
In the northern states, and even in
Canada, but being of southern origin its
best results are to be expected in warm,
dry climates on soils adapted to its habits.
The seed can be. had from almost any
seedsman, and the quoted price is fifteen
cents per pound. If sown broadcast the
land should be rich, well prepared and
free from, weeds, otherwise .tho plants are
liable to be overrun and killed oat, for its
first yswthfreai the seed Is not a vigor?
ous one, aad for this reason many put It
in in drills from one to two Jest apajS, so
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that the weeds can be kept clown until t&e
plants have gained the mastery and are
able to take care of themselves.
More
Meat Tfcaa Fat.
There is a decided tendency among our
more progressive breeders to build up
breeds of hogs and cattle with more lean
meat than fat. This movement has been
brought about in part by the growing ob
jections of consumers to so much fat,
especially where pork is concerned, and
the waste entailed. In feeding with a
view to the production of more lean meat,
close pens and large rations of corn have
given place to a run for hogs in day time,
with a warm shelter for the night, and a
varied ration in which corn forms but a
small part.
Prosing Trees.
A Kansas correspondent in Prairie
Farmer, adds an interesting chapter, il
lustrated with a plain diagram, to the vast
amount of literature already published on
this Important subject. The correspond
ent alluded to believes that one-half of the
trees lost south of parallel 40 degs.
north is caused by Improper training or
heading of the young tree the first two
years of its growth, both in the nursery
and in the orchard. Nursery culture is
not conducive to the proper heading of the
trees in his opinion. Tho want of room
for the growth of the side branches, and
the cutting back of the main central stem,
is the Invariable practice the first year
from the graft. As a consequence, a
large number of limbs start out, often
three or four, that dwarf the central stem,
and then to cap the climax the planter,
when setting out his trees in the orchard,
cuts out the main stem.
PROPER AND IMPROPER WAT OP PRUMXO.
While the Kansas correspondent does
not seriously object to the very usual
mode of training two limbs from opposite
sides of the stem of a tree, he considers it
to be far better fort lie growth of all abovo
for only one limb to start from the stem
at any one place. Four to six or eight
Inches apart is better. These limbs should
radiate from the tiunk or stem like the
spokes of a wheel, alternating from side
to side of the tree.
As for height of first limbs from tha
ground, tho planter should be governed
by his latitude. From 37 degs. to 4? degs.
north, twelve to eighteen inches is by far
the best to prevent sun scald and the at
tacks of the round headed borer. Figs. 1
and 2 illustrate the proper training of tho
limbs in a horizontal position front the
trunk. A limb growing this way will not
split down by either ice, winds or weight
of fruit. The reverse of this is shown in
the acute fork in Fig. 3. The junction of
the limb to the trunk on the upper side is
imperfect, the swayiug of tho limb by the
wind or storm and tbe entrance of moist
ure causing early decay and splitting.
Tn conclusion this writer say:: "It will
be profitable for a planter to procure his
grafts, plant in rows four feet apart and
two to three feet in the row. With this
distance apart, by good culture and proper
training, he can raise a tree worth a score
of many of those from our overcrowded
nurseries."
Ob the Country lload.
Saving is not always economy.
Gentleness cannot he kicked into a cow.
Walnuts are the latest wrinkle for fat
tening turkeys.
Remove the seeds before feeding pump
kins to cattle.
The safe way to get good milk cows is
to raise them.
Water cattle frequently or let them
have f rev access to it.
Dampness is a great producer of dis
ease among poultry.
Put all farm machinery and tools into
first rate order during leisure hours this
winter.
Dr. Salmon, chief of the bureau of in
dustry, says that pleuro-pneumonia among
cattle no louger exists west of the Alle
ghany mountains.
The development of wheat production
in Dakota has been truly wonderful. The
area sown to spring wheat for the 1887
crop is placed by the governor at 3,892,389
acres, and the yield nt about 60,000,000
ouflhels, or nearly double the production
of 188G, or nearly one-seventh of the en
tire wheat production of the whole
country.
ExperiBMBts la Feadlas; Pic.
On tbe agricultural grounds of the
Illinois university, a number of experi
ments have been made in feeding pigs.
One series of experiments were made to
determine the comparative value of corn
meal and oatmeal. Two lots of hogs
were fed. Lot 1 ate during the period
of five weeks, 406.25 pounds of cornmeal,
costing $2.23, and 408.25 pounds of
ground oats, costing $3.35, making a
total cost of food of $5.68. The increase
made was 145.5 pounds, which makes the
cost of food per 100 pounds of increase
3.00.
The increase produced by cornmeal cost
$2.58, and by bhclled corn $2.30 per 100
pounds. It thus cost $1.32 more per 100
pounds of increase with the mixed food
than with corn meal, and $1.60 more than
with shelled corn.
Another experiment made was one in
feeding corn in the ear, shelled, and
ground into meal. Conclusions arrived
at from results gained were that: Looked
at from all sides, when fed dry, whole
corn produces better results than corn
meaL Where the difference is simply
due to the cost of grinding the corn, the
difference in the cost of producing 100
pounds of increase at tbe low price of
twenty-eight cents per bushel for corn,
will be twenty-five cents or more, an item
worthy the attention of any hog raiser.
Good Eflccta of Drainage.
Experiments conducted at the Experi
ment station at Uniontown, Ala., accord
ing to a bulletin recently issued, show
that the average yield of corn on drained
land was 88.84 bushels to the acre. The
average yield without drainage was 24.02
bushels per acre. Drainage therefore
caused an increase of 53.4 per cent. There
was neither excessive rainfall nor drought
during the season.
On tho Coaatry Road.
Moderate confinement and plenty of
corn meal and boiled potatoes will put on
the desired "pound of flesh" on the young
goose
The Niagara grape seems to have estab
lished itself as a favorite along the grape
growing regions of eastern and southeast
ern New York. It h&B proved to be a
meritorious market variety.
The common American chestnut is far
more delkate, as well as better flavored,
than any of the foreign varieties.
, Avoid a -southern or western slope for
the pear orchard; all others "are prefer-,
able, and an astern oae is the best.
J ifilai-
FARM AND GARDEN.
PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS ON PRUN
ING AND TRAINING YOUNG TREES.
Timely Advice About Sheep Weevils aad
Infested Brans A Promising- New Cur
rant Kxpliclt Directions for Making a
Serviceable Wason Jack.
The present is an opportune season for
studying other people's inventions and
exercising one's own iugenuity and clever
ness iu the workshop. All farms, by the
by, do not include a workshop among
their outbuildings, but in our opinion a
room or shop set aside for the storage and
use of tools is a necessity. All will agree
it is a convenience; those who have tried
it claim that it is an economy.
r
2ifi
A HASDT WAGON' JACK.
For the benefit of such readers as do
possess n kit of tools, a work bench, etc.,
is presented the following cut of a wagon
jack recently illustrated and described iu
I Rural New Yorker.
The base F (see cut), made of two inch
lank, is 6 feet wide and 2 feet long. E
i) a hollow tube, made of hard wood inch
stuff, inside of which A slides up and
down; E is mortised into a base 2 inches
from the end, and D is mortised into
the base 5 inches from E: D is made from
a piece of 2 1-2 by 2 1-2 7 inches long; C,
the lever, is 27 inches long. The length
of A must be according to the height of
the wagon axle; B, the catch, is hung to
E by a hinge. The lifting is to be done
with the foot.
Among tbe Sheep.
The wisdom of providing shelter against
cold storms and chilly winds has been
mado apparent, even in the more southern
exposures. The old idea that sheep do
not require drink and that their wool will
keep them warm without shelter is an ex
ploded one. Extra care during the win
ter season in way of both feed and shelter
pays in tho long run, and must be given
if best results iu wool and mutton are ob
tained. Bear in mind the fact that sheep thrive
much better in dry than in wet seasons,
and provide when it is practicable, high,
dry locations for winter quarters. Low
damp places are bad for all animals,
and especially so for sheep.
On the subject of feed for sheep, particu
larly the animals that are to have lambs
in the early spring, Rural New Yorker
has given some sound advice, in which
occurs tho following: Cottonseed
is not a desirable food for any
breeding animal, for the sufficient rea
son that its effects encourage abort iou.
Again, fine foods are not suitable for
sheep, which masticate their food most
thoroughly. Corn and other carbonaceous
foods are also not good for sheep except in
small quantities. Seeep are warmly
clothed and do not require so much car
bonaceous food as other animals do. They
are kept for wool and lambs, chiefly, and
as tho .wool contains 16 per cent, of nitro
gen and the lamb needs special provision
for its flesh and bone, foods rich iu nitro
gen and phosphoric acid are required.
Hence, clover, as pasture and hay, should
be the main feeding for sheep, and bran
and oats, with a little corn only, should
furnish the grain food. Three pounds of
good clover hay and four ounces of mixed
bran, oats and buckwheat would keep a
sheep of 100 pouuds' weight in good con
dition, along with as much oat and pea
straw as It will eat.
Beans Infested with Weevils.
An English experimenter has lately
published a report giving the results of a
scries of trials with beans infested with
weevils. The general impression prevails
that provided the plumule or radical be
not injured, the plants do not materially
suffer from the mere perforation and par
tial consumption of the cotyledon.
The report of the English experimenter
makes it appear that for a time plants
raised from seeds thus perforated show
no signs of weakness, but wheu the flow
ering period arrives then the blossoms
produced are few and small, the plant
withers and sometimes dies without pro
ducing a single pod. Additional experi
ments made with five different varieties
showed that the total product was so
greatly diminished as to leave no ground
for doubt that the presence of the weevil
in the seed is highly detrimental, affecting
to a very considerable degree the repro
ductive powers of the future plant.
WCEVIL AXD PERFORATED BEAN.
The injury done to peas by the pea
weevil, is of the same character as that
of the bean by the bean weevil, though
the letter incct cats several holes in the
seed, while the pea weevil makes only
one. The injury to the vitality of pea
plants produced f rota buggy peas may not
be so great as that to the beans, as shown
by the experiments mentioned, though
positive proof of this is lacking. At all
events, one .should be careful to secure
sound peas, .-u weH as sound beans for
seed. The small line between the weevil
and bean, in the cut, represents the
natural length of the bean weevil.
Feather Eating Hens.
r Feather eating among poultry appears
to be a habit acquired rather than the
effects of disease, and no one has ap
peared with a specific for its cure. Tbe
experience of many growers, however,
seems to point to the fact that the inciting
cause may be traced to idleness, too close
confinement and a deprivation of exercise,
together with a want ot green food, worms
and insects, and possibly some articles
not usually given in their food which are
necessary for their contentment When
they are not allowed to forage at large for
themselves. Charcoal pounded or ground
fine and mixed with sott food has been
found useful in more than one instance,
and a small lump of lime in their drink
ing water is advised, also the hanging up
of a cabbage or piece of meat where they
can pick at it, and where the habit has
been confirmed in a few it will be best to
separate them from the flock. When a
J
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llwVsV
j- lien eats her eggs it Is best to kill her be
'.fore she teaches the trick to others, and
; for a preventive make the nests in dark
: places and feed plenty .of lime, broken
bones and oyster shells to make hard
iJBhelled cges; besides, remember never to
j throw out egg shells in large pieces where
; the hens can get them, as it tends to
it teach them the habit.
) k Pyrethruna tor Cabbage Worms.
j In his report on entomology to the Ohio
j Horticultural society, Professor Alwood
states that many remedies were employed
j on two species of cabbage worms, consist
! ln of alum water of different degrees of
strength, tansy water, tomato water. ln
zine, coal oil emulsions of different
strengths, Hammond's slug shot, Cayenne
: pepper, half a dozen remedies from Eng
J land, several preparations of tobacco soap
. and pyrethrum.
rsone proved of any value except the
tobacco soaps and pyrethrum. The to
bacco soaps prepared with potash were
qaite efficient, the value of which was
, ascribed to the potash.
ii Pj-rethrum is recommended as the best
remedy, being perfectly safe, easy of appli
cation, aud more deadly on the wonns
than any remedy used. Powder of good
quality, mixed with three times its bnlk
of flour, was found perfectly effective, ap
plied with a dusting bellows. One pound,
costing fifty cents, was enough to cover
an acre if properly handled.
Grasses and Clover.
When tbe dry season began to tell on
an improved pasture at the Guelph, On
tario, agricultural grounds, Professor
Brown, at this critical time, made the fol
lowing observations on the appearance of
the grasses and clover that composed the
pasture:
Meadow flscue, most plentiful of any;
alsike clover, a largo quantity; Canada
blue, considerable quantity; white clover,
medium in quantity; timothy, a good av
erage; red top, good; red clover, a small
quantity; Italian rye, very little; fall oats,
very little; perennial rye, none.
The pasture composed of the above
1 grasses and clover furnished ample graz
ing, until the snow came, for seven head
of sheep per acre. Such pasture, it has
been demonstrated by Professor Brown,
produces milk, beef and mutton in quan
tities three times as great as the present
average ot the province of Ontario.
Remedies For Hog Cholera.
A number of South Carolina planters
are claiming that soda ia a sure cure for
hog cholera. One says that by the use of
soda (bicarbonate) alone, as soon as the
first symptoms of the disease were noticed,
he checked it Another used soda and
salt together, mixed in moderate quan
tity with tho food.
An old Kentucky breeder of swine
J places salt first in importanco as a pre
ventive of cholera, and believes that salt,
of all substances, is the best promoter of
digestion as well as an antidote against
worms. This breeder has adopted tha
plan of salting all his animals in water
tight troughs, keeping a supply of salt on
band continually. He also feeds some
charcoal with the salt to swine that are
closely penned, and gives ashes occasion
ally under all conditions.
Laying Tile Drains.
At the annual meeting of the Indiana
! State Tile association, numbered with
; other pertinent statements made, were
i those of a member from Fort Wayne on
! the way to lay tile in ditches. He advo
! cated the employment of an engineer to
i lay off the work and letting the farmer
put iu the tile nt his leisure. A member
from Nesterville advised that the ditches
be dug about three feet deep, eloning
; from the top to the bottom. Long handled
j tools were recommended and workmen
J advised not to stand in the bottom of the
ditch, but to lift iu the tile with hooks
; and place carefully in line. He also ad-
vised in laying a drain that one should
; begin at the mouth and work back to the
, head.
The Kicking Cow.
Take a half inch or three-eighths rope,
double it, pass it around tho body of the
cow forward of the udder, bringing the
ends through the loop, draw tight and
make fast with a slip knot, stud tho cow
will not kick, says a friend of Mr. Co
burn' Indicator, because she can't arch
her back. A cow does not kick unless she
gets her back up.
Breaking a Horse From Polling.
Horws properly handled when young
give little or no trouble in the halter
when grown. But as this is not always
done, measures have lieen adopted to
break horses that pull at a halter, some
of which are both ingenious and simple.
PCLIJXG AT A HALTER.
In the cut is illustrated a device, said
by The Indiana Farmer to be very
effective. The authority in question
describes it as consisting of an ordinary
ring halter, with two side rings, connected
by a strong flexible cord. Whenever the
horse pulls tbe inner part of tho cord is
drawn forcibly against his jaw, and the
effect is a ecverer punishment than he is
willing to endure.
Items of General Interest.
The council of Cornell university, Ithaca,
N.Y., recently recommended that the
$15,000 appropriated by congress for an
agricultural experiment station should be
divided into two parts $10,250 for salaries
and $4,750 for supplies.
Cows fed with meal mixed with straw
cut and moistened, says Professor Arnold,
give more milk and considerably richer
than when fed on the best hay alone.
The belief is general that high prices
will naturally stimulate the planting of
more onions next year in districts where
they are not largely grown.
Recent tests appear to confirm the theory
that planting whole potatoes is followed
by the largest crops.
E. Williams, secretary of the New
Jersey Horticultural society, has proved
to his satisfaction that bagging grapes
prevents rot. provided no rot is on the
clusters when bagged.
Farmers in all localities where there are
long winters are more and more favoring
alios and ensilage.
Potatoes have been coming to this coun
try of late in large Quantities: ther are of
the magnum and bonum variety, and are i
oi good quality.
Advices are gloomy from the hop grow
ing region of New York and other states;
sales are slow, with low prices.
Bradstreet estimate the cotton crop a.
5,000 bales less than last year.
sanE A iBasfBBBBB
BswPJP?'
FARM AND GARDEN.
A SELF BRACING PORTABLE FENCE:
FOR POULTRY YARDS.
Experiuieutn or Sfr. Bonaer and Other
la Rearing Colts Final Kstlmates of
the Crop Pork Packing Statist lea.
Convenient Appliances for Butchering.
At this season all information that in
any manner relieves the labor involved in
butchering is moat welcome. Following
nro suggestions with illustrations of con
veniences from Tbe Ohio Farmer that
will be appreciated.
TBIPOD FOR HASOrKO BEF OR HOG.
The first figure here given represents a
tripod for hanging the beef or hog. It is
made of ash scantling, 2 1-2x4 inches, and
7 feet long. Two of these are framed to
gether firmly, as here shown, the third
one being used as a prop aud to elevate
the carcass after being hooked on to "A"
by means of a short chain or rope around
the gambrel stick. It is a convenient de
vice, enabling the farmers to bang up a
carcass without assistance, and to take it
down when cleaned and ready. Tho
tripod can be folded together and put out
of the way when not needed.
A CLEAXIXO TABLE.
The second cut shows a cleaning tablo.
It is made with a slightly curved top to
prevent the carcass from rolling off. Its
construction is e:isily seen. The slats on
it are 1x2 inches, set on edge and
firmly ppiked down to the two curved end
pieces. It is a very convenient table for
cleaning hogs before hanging up, aud, in
deed, for cleaning and washing almost
anything.
A vat for scalding can be made of two
"inch planks. One described is six feet four
inches long and two feet deep. One end
is made sloping to facilitate the putting
in and drawing out of the carcass. Fill
this vat withiu six inches of the top with
boiling water, turn the hog in it several
times, until the hair slips off easily, when
the animal may be druwn out and placed
upon the scraping table. In this last
operation the tripod shown in the first cut
may be used with advantage. Place over
the vat, attach the gambrel stick and ele
vate tho carcass as far as needed, then re
movo the table.
Treatment of Colt.
The time to grow a colt and lay the
foundations for a superior horse is iu the
first twelve months of its life. Take care
of the weanling and you will have a well
developed yearling, and ultimately a horse
that is a horse. Progressive breeders no
longer allow colts to shift for themselves.
They iced the young nnimnls ou milk,
oats and hay, and follow u system of
regnlar exercise and sufficient shelter. A
well known breeder of trotting horses
gives his system in Turf, Field and Farm
as follows:
The brood mare, after foaling, is fed
liberally ou grain. When the dies an
bad she is sheltered during tbe heat of the
day and is given the rauge of succulent
pastures at night. When the air is chilly
she is housed at night nnd is turned out
during the day. Each mare is put in a
box at feeding time so that she may enjoy
her oats iu peace.
The foal will begin eating grain when
two weeks old, and if the mother is fed in
a quiet place tho baby will have more in
clination as well as time to nose in the
trough itself. At five months old the
foal is weaned and it goes for the winter
into a sunny and sheltered yard used ex
clusively for weanlings. At night two
colts occupy one box, and during the day
the whole bond enjoys the bright and
bracing weather. Each is fed oats in a
separato box and is given plenty of good
hay, and gathering in a band for exercise
promotes cheerfulness and aids digestion.
Mr. Bonner's experiments with colts at
his Torrytown form are oUudcd to in the
Journal quoted from. Majolica, the first
foal of Startlo and Jessio Kirk, was raised
in the old fashioned way. He was allowed
to shift oa a youngster pretty much for
himself, and in the belief that the freez
ing process was beneficial he was given
every opportunity to shiver on the bleak
hillsides. As a weanling nnd a yearling
his growth was 6tunted, and the result
was that he grew up into n pocket edition
of a trotter. He stands but a shade over
fifteen hands. An entirely different plan
was followed with Westchester, the
brother of Majolica. The dam was fed on
grain, and the suckling munched oats
with her. As a weanling the colt was
sheltered and given oats aud brau, nnd as
a yearling he weighed more than his sire.
He is now a rangy and powerful horse of
16.1. There is, in the face of many prac
tical tests, no room for argument as to the
best method of maturing yearlings.
Cropi of 1887.
The statistician of the department of
agriculture, at Washington, gives the fol
lowing estimates of acreage, product and
value of corn, wheat and oats for the
country: The area of corn harvested, ex
cluding abandoned or worthless acreage,
is 72,000,000 acres In round numbers;
product. 1,456,000,009 bushels; value,
$6-10,000,000. Area in wheat, 37,400,000
acres; product, 456,000,000 bushels; value,
$300,000,000. Area In oats, nearly
26,000,000 acres; product, 859,000,000
bushels; value, $200,000,000. The reports
of winter wheat do not show much de
crease of area. In Texas there is a con
siderable increase, and slight increase in
som& ether Mates. The average decline
apic&rs to be between 1 and 2 per cent.
In Kentucky the average is 97; Ohio, 99:
Michigan, 98; Indiana, 100; Illinois, 98;
Missouri, 99; Kansas, 98. Condition 1s
affected somewhat by the dryness of the
seed bed in the district that suffered from
drought, delaying seeding, germination and
growth. The late rains greatly improved
the situation. The average condition i3
95, ranging in the principal states from 90
to 08. Tbe condition of winter rye coin
cides very closely with that of wheat.
Digging Ditches la Winter.
There are many places where ditches can
be dug in winter, even in the .northern
states, provided one makes the necessary
preparation before the land is frozen too
hard to plow. Joseph Karris'- plan, as
AV
IS 1 l m '
IB IB m "
II 1
tola in American ttartten, is to first stake
out the place where .the ditch is to be, say
from A to B:
F
E
-1J
A-
V XJ
Then take a right baud plow and strike
out a furrow from C to D; turn haw and
plow out a furrow from K to F, and keep
plowing till there is a wide ' -dead furrow"
iu the center of the proposed ditch A, B,
The more joti plow the better, not merely
because the earth cau be more cheaply
moved with the plow than with the spade,
but becauso the plowing is necessary to
stir up and looseu the soil and thus pre
vent freezing. A soil repeatedly plowed
till it is loose and mellow, a fool deep,
will stand exposure to zero weather for
several days without freezing more than
an inch aud a half or two inches deep, and
this crust, witli loose soil beneath, can be
brokeu with a spade.
- But it must bo understood that the
plowing should be well done and the land
left in mellow condition. The bottom of
the dead furrow should especially be well
broken up by the' plow. The deeper and
the more repeatedly it is plowed the less
danger will there be of the work being
stopped by frost. Iu sections where there
is much snow, the dead furrow, or the
space plowed out for the ditch, will be
likely to be filled up with snow, and this
will keep out the frost. All that will be
necessary in diggiug the ditch will be to
shovel out the snow, aud underneatli the
loose mellow, plowed earth will Ik found
nearly or entirely free from frost.
The Number of Ilogs Packed.
This season, during November and De
cember, says Cincinnati Price Current,
the total number of hogs packed at lead
ing points, was 3,835,000, against 4,175,
000 during the same period in 18S6. This
is a falling off ot 340,000 head. The
weights sold average less than last season.
At Kansas City tliis shortage has
amounted to twenty pounds per head, and
at Cinciuuati twenty pounds. At Chi
cago the difference has been less, and at
Iowa and Nebraska points, the average
of weights is nearly the same. It Is also
stated that there Ls a reduction in the
proportion of dressed to live weight. Tho
above makes it appear that the pork
' product ot tho season suffers three re-
tiucuons numoer ol nogs, weignt ana
Ierceutage of meat. There has been no
falling off in the pounds of pork exported
as compared with lost season.
Protecting Half Hardy Plants.
Many half hardy plants, wluch are left
in the grouud and are destroyed by the
severity of our winters, might be saved
by covering the plant with a fairly deep
coating of ashes, which may bo raked over
the soil and dug iu when spring comes.
Wood ashes also form an excellent
, manure for the plants, and spread over
, lawns produce beneficial effects. In dress
ing a lawn with ashes it is best doue when
wet weather is likely to follow. After
being spread on the lawn ought to be
rolled. The result will be a strong, close
growth of fresh grass for the ensuing
season.
Mules on the Farm.
The mulo is a despised animal only in
the eyes of those who know little about
it. If treated kindly mules are not dan
gerous animals to handle. They are sa
gacious brutes, and if abued by their
drivers aro quite likely to return the
abuc by kicks. Mules need not be so
highly fed as horses; in fact, they will not
eat grain to a great extent when put be
fore them. They will leave it tnd not
long after will be found patiently pawing
and nipping a thistle. To get good siicri,
active mules breed a large, well made
mare with neat limbs to a good bietl
Spanish jack. If you do not wish to have
n lazy mule take care that the inaro be
lively and active. Mules are les subject
to disease than horses, and their term of
work averages twice as long. For culti
vating crops mules are superior to horses,
as they walk Indian fashion, one foot
directly in front of the other.
A Desirable Fence for Poultry Yard.
W. N. Merwiu, Vinelnud, X. J., de
scribed iu u recent issue of The World the
portable worm fence hero illustrated. As
this is both cheap, durable and effective,
it is here reproduced for our renders.
fHf
A PORTABLE FF.XCE FOR POULTRY".
A wire fence is considered to be the
cheapest aud best for yarding poultry.
The fowls do not attempt to fly over it,
because they cannot Pee the "top rail."
Even tho Leghorn is modest in her at
tempts to scale the wire.
Tiie above sketch represents a worm
fence made in sections of about ten feet iu
length and four feet in height, with posts
at each end of every section, which may
bo two inches square. A bottom board
six Inches wide is to be nailed to theso
two inch end pieces, and a two inch .strip
to bo nailed iu the middle of each - t ion
(as is shown in the cut) to secure strength
and position to each section.
The worming of the fence will toko up
but little more room, and is self bracing.
The wind cannot get hold of the wires to
movo it.
The sections are fasti -"d together top
and bottom with hooks ami staples. This
fence is portable, and cau be moved very
readily at any time. No stakes In tbo
ground are necessary.
Agricultural 'Sexr.
Fanners' clubs i:i New York state can
have fertilizers analyzed at th general
experiment station free of charge.
AU the bench aud poultry exhibits col
lected at Columbus. O., for the annual
show of the Ohio Fanciers" association
were destroyed by fire.
Potatoes are arriving in large quanti
ties in tho port of New York from Scot
land. According to a recent estimate, about
one-fourth of tho cranberry area of the
United States is iu New Jersey. After
New Jersey, Wisconbinnnd Maachusetts
claim the largest ureas devocod to the
caowins of this fruit.
lCcgutateri by the Goiernuient.
In many European countries govern
mental supervision regulates household
service. Servants in sonic places possess
conduct books, without which they can
not find situations The mistresses note
the girls' behavior in this book, which is
countersigned by the police. Why could
not the sjstem suggest an American plan
of regulation? A supervising board of do
mestic service, composed of the prominent
matrons of city or town, would be a use
ful department of municipal government.
Its duties would be the supervision of in
telligent offices, nnd the careful oversight
of the unprotected girls, as well as pre
vention of fraud against housekeepers,
and its good results can be predicted as
one answer to a difficult problem. Cas
sell's Family Magazine.
yynip of rfc
Is Natuj's own inta laxative. It it- the
most eanly takon.and the ir.f efYvtive
remedy known to Cleanse thi System
when Bilious or Costive; to dispel Head
aches, Colds and Fevers; to cure Habit
ual Constipation, Indigestion, Piles, etc.
Manufactured only by the California Fig
Syrup Company. Sen Francisco. Cal. For
sale onlf by Dowty Jr. Beeher. "JT-y
aaaEsffcBisss!aar'i'tir'!irt,?p-x
Ksu j-l'SriitB'B&Si3Br B-iftjv-gKB'Vw.y'jityUaKSSL
K VXR.BT
National Bank!
or
COLUMBUS. It
- HA8 AN
Authorized Capital of $250,000.
A Surplus Fund of - $20,000,
And the largest Paid ia Cask Capital t
any hank in this part of tl-e State.
tV Deposits received and iaterest paid oa
time deposits.
EVDrafta on tha priae ipal cities ia this coaa
try and Europe bought aad sold.
tVCoUeetloaa aad all other buelaets givam
prompt and careful attantioa. ...
STOCKHOLMM.
A. ANDERSON. Prsa't.
J. H. GALLEY, Vloa Pres't.
U.T.ROEN.Caahlar.
O. ANDERSON. P. ANDERSON.
JACOB GKEISKN. HHNRTRAQA'fc.
JOHN J. SULLIVAN, W. A. McALUSTHB.
AprM-'aStf
jgusmess fards.
D. T. Mabtut, M. D.
F.J.Bcaxo, M. D.
Dm . HASTY 8 CHUG,
U. S. Examining Surgeons,
Local Burgeons, Union Pacific, O., N. 4
11. H. aad II. AM. B. hVa.
Conultation in German and KnglUh. Tele
phone at ollico and residt nces.
tVOffico on Olive Ktrevt, next to Brodfneo
rrs Jewelry Storw
COLUMBUS.
NEBRASKA.
-y
H
AH1I.T03I .ih-:aik,m.i.
MYSICIAX ASD SUKOKOW
Platte rpntpr.-Kebraeka. &-r
W
A. ItlcALI.ISTKBC,
A170RXKY ,t XOTARY PUBLIC.
Offico np-Btairs ia Henry. bnilding', corner of
Olive and 11th streets. auK87y
w.
M. COKrtl-l.lljS,
LAM' AXD COLLECTION OFFICE.
Upstairs Ernst building. 11th street.
OUE.L.IVAN A KEEOER,
A TTOBA'EYS A T LA 11,
Ottico over First National Hank, Columbus,
Nebraska. M-lt
C
- KVAiHW, M. O.,
PIIYSICIA.X AXD SCHGEOX.
8Om'co and roomH, Gluck buildin, 11th
street. Telephone communication. t-y
T XI. -flACFAKI,AiI.
ATTOUXEY r .VOr.lff 1' I'CIILIC.
Offic oer First National Bank. Coluiu
buy. ebrarka.
J
01i K! iiK.V
CnUXTY SCKVEYon.
tf Parties nWrin Mirreyin done pan iuU
drew meat t olumbim. Neb., or ioll at my ofte
in Court Houk. ama)66-y
T J. CRAM KM,
CO. SUP'T. PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
1 will be in my office in the Court House, th
third Saturda of each month for the nsamina
tion of applicants for teacher' rertiticales. and
for the transaction of other school bntunt-ts.
18janS8
W
am;kai bkom..
DP A Y and EXPItESSMEX.
Light and heavy hnulin. Goods handled
wif h cnS;-, "'wMlQoartent at J. P. Becker A Co.'a
olnce. l"Iephont.S3and3l. S0mar87y
DR. J. CHAM. UIIX1,
Deuteher Arzt.)
PJIYSICIAX and SUROEOS,
Columbus. Neb.
EYE DISEASES A SPECIALTY.
... Office: Telephone:
Klo enth Street. Office No.44: Residence No.Wi
22aar8i
JOHN G. IIIGGINS. C. J. GARLOW.
Collection Attr.TnMjr.
HiGorastoABLoir; '
ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW,
Specialty made of Collections by C. J. Gailotr.
34-m
RCBOXD,
MAMCTACTCaSB .OF
Tin and Sheet-Iron Ware !
Job-Work, Hoofing and Gutter
ing a Specialty.
fc8hop on Olive ftret, 2 doors north of
Brodfuehrer's Jewelry Store. 32-tf
nrrn wonders exist in
..UthousandM of forms, bat are snf,
jr i paei1! by the marvels of invention,
sw IbsssbI Thono who are in need of profitable
work that can be done while living at borne
ohou'd at once send thefr address -to HalletCt
Co., Fortlnnd, Maine, and teoeive free,. full in
formation how either tx, of all ages, can earn
from $o to "J5 per day and upwards wherovor
theylive. Iou are started free. .Capital not re-
auired. Some have mado oor $30 in single
ay at this work. All succeed. 67dee'.9y
$500Rtwird!
. We will pay the above reward for any cae of
liver complaint, dyttpepsia, sick headache, indi
rection, constipation or coetiveneea we cannot
cure with West s Vegetable Liver Pills, when th
directions are strictly complied with. They ar
purely vegetable, and never fail to give katisfac
tion. Largo boxes containing 20 sugar coated
pilU, 2.-.C. For sale by all druggists. Beware of
counterfeits and immitations. The genuine
manufactured only by JOHN C. WEST & CO..
W2 W. Madison St.. Chicago, 111. dec7'87y
INVENTION!
has revolutionized
tho world du ring the
but half century.
Not least amons th
wondeis of inventive progress is 3 method and
cystom of work that con be performed all over
ttio country wit&out peparatug the workers from
their homes. I'ay liberal; any one can do the
work; either wx, young or old: no special ability
required. Capital not needed; you are started
frto. Cnt this out and return to us and we will
send jou free, something of great talueand im
portance to you, that will start yon in business,
which will bring yon in more money right away,
than anything elK in the world. Grand outfit
free. Addrces True 4 Co., Augueta, Me. dec2S
"N PWJSPAPbPO A book of 100 pages.
JUUSrArf Tbe best bookforan
flt...., in i "- to con-
A11VEKTlSINCsult no eperl
fip IfcRl lOlflli or otherwise.
It contains lists or newspapers and estimates
ofthe cost of advertising. Theadvertlserwho
-wants to spend one dollar, finds ki It tha In
formation be requires, while forhi m who w 111
Invest one hundred thousand dollars In ad
vertising, a scheme is indicated which will
meet his every requirement, or cm o; arf
119 editions have been issued,
goat, post-paid, to say address for K coats.
Writ to GEO. P. ROWXLL CO..
VKWaPArXK ADVERTISING BCBKAU.
UMCTasat.rrtirtIigHoosH'i VewTork.