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VOL. XVHI.-NO. 32.
COLUMBTJS, NEB., WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 30, 1887.
WHOLE NO. 916.
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WESTEM COTTAGE ORGAN
DRINKS OF ALL NATIONS.
THE EASILY GOVERNED NATIONS
DRINK NO STRONG LIQUORS.
Curimt Observations of the .tlan Who
Went Around the World on a Ulcyde.
(;ii7.lin ilnbita of the Aggressive Na
tion.. Taken all in nil, perhaps the English
residents in India spend more money for
dun.'; limn un other people in the world.
Plenty of people .-.re, of course, ready to
condemn this sort of thin?, and say the
Anglo-Indians ought to quench their thirst
with non-intoxicants. More lemonade and
less brandy and clmnipsge, it is claimed,
would materially lessen the rate cf mor
tality from enlarged spleen, the bane of
Anglo-Indian life. This may be strictly'
true, but the fact remains that a mero
handful of hard drinking Britons are ad
ministering the affairs of 200,000,000 prac
tically tioii-d ringing people.
Fome of the natives of India consume.
;orc or less arrack and palm toddy, but
the Brahmins the gentlest and easiest
cuverned people in the world, drink noth
ing stronger than water. The only tribe
of people in India who drink to excess are
theZat.sof the Punjab. Tho festive Jat
gets drunk on arrack, and indulges in
manly sjrorts like a civilized being. On
flic Held of battle he is equal to a round
dozen non-drinking Hindoos, and farms
ttsdny the flower of the native Brltish-Iu-ilian
army. He it was that stood firmly
by the Knglish during the mutiny, and
jut-formed prodigies of valor scarcely
second to Tommy Atkins himself. Ho
calls the water drinking natives of Oude
and Bengal "poorhenhs,'' and is superior
to them in every manly attribute.
In Mohammedan countries very little
alcohol is consumed in proportion to the
number of people. The Koran denies the
seductive pleasures of its material para
dise to Mussulmans who indulge in the
Mowing lowl of Bacchus here below. The
Shiahs are considered the Catholics of the
Mohammedan religion. The whole Per
sian nation belong to the Siiiah faith. Its
10,000,000 of people are governed with the
same ease as the same number of sheep
might lie by a few officials who care noth
ing for their welfare except to squeeze
them like an orange whenever they feel
likv it. The 10.000,000 never touch any
thing intoxicating from one year's end to
another. The governing few consume raw,
fiery arrack by the pint daily in wanton
disregard of the Koran and its teachings.
The village khan and subordinate gover
nor of a province keeps by him a stock of
arrack and drinks from half a pint to a
pint with his midday mail to stimulate
his appetite and make himself feel boozy
while eating, and is frequently put to bed
limp as a dishrag by his retainers at night.
The Japs are tlie most encouraging ex
amples that the east presents of a nation
progressing from Asintic to an European
plane of civilization. They bid fair ere
many yenra to be more European iu their
habits than the majority of Europeans
themselves. One wouldn't care to assert
t hat the vast quant ty of sake consumed
by the Japanese has auj thing to do with
their superiority in this particular over all
other Asiatics. I am merely pointing out
facts, leaving the reader to draw his or her
own conclusions therefrom.
No nation in Asia drinks so persistently
and steadily as do the Japanese. The
u vet age Jap consumes about half a pint
of sake or rice beer with each meal a
pint and a half per day saying nothing
about further social indulgence in the
evening. Both men nud women drink
sake by the pint daily, and think no harm
of it. either. At meal times the sake is
served up in slender, big necked earthen
ware bottles, holding about a pint. The
favorite way is to drink it warm. It is
usually warmed by setting the bottle in
boiling water for a while before putting it
on the table. Rice beer is. a rather de
ceptive name to give sake, as it resembles
liquor more than beer, both in color, con
sistency and intoxicating property. In
the consumption of alcohol the .Taps, as a
unt ion, rank way ahead of any other
Asiatic country. In addition to sake,
they are also rapidly coming to the fore
as consumers of beer and brandy and
whisky. Their consumption of these
beverages keeps a curiously even pace
with their progression toward what we
arc pleased to consider our own higher
plane of civilization. When they first Ie
gnn to thiuk of wearing European cIoihc3
they contented themselves with import
ing French brandy and English and Mil
waukee liecr. Now, however, the gov
ernment compels all its officials to adopt
European clothes, and the upper crust so
ciety at Tokio are far from being alone in
Europeanizing their habits and costumes.
Consequently the Jnps have commenced
brewing their own beer nnd making a
very good imitatiou of French brandy.
The Chinese as a nation consume very
little intoxicating drink, although they
make a beverage from rice called "torri"
almost the counterpart of the sake of
Japan. Whenever there has been war
between the two nations the Japs have in
variably walloped John Chinaman almost
as thoroughly as the arrack drinking Jats
of the Punjab were v out to make things
warm for the total abstaining Hindoos in
'57, and before.
The Turks are a nation that drink next
to nothing of a stimulating character, un
less tiny cups of strong black coffee may
lie so considered. As Mohammedans they
are less snuctimoniousbut more consistent
than the Persians. The Osmanli oilicial
sometimes indulges in mastic, but if he
does, he consumes-it in the guise of medi
cine, the prohibitive voice of the Koran
not including alcohol used as medicine.
The Turks arc brave and warlike, and if,
when their star of empire was in the
ascendancy and their crescent banner
Moated over half Europe, they had for
saken the prohibitive tenets of the Koran
and went into brewing and drinking beer
nnd whisky, who knows but that they
might lie occupying Moscow today instead
of being bulldozed by the Russians?
The Russians are a nation of hard
drinkers. Vodka is consumed by the Mus
covite peasantry in vast quantities. The
raoujik's idea of a holiday is to get skin
full of vodka, and then lay down and
hang on to the ground. This laudable
performance is gone through with by the
RusMan peasant as often as he can pro
cure the uecessary quantity of vodka. He
has a saint's day to keep almost three
hundred and sixty-five times a year, and
the only thing that prevents him from
celebrating every one of them by filling
himself up with vodka is the necessity of
making his living and the lack of money
to thus indulge his appetite. "With all
this one would naturally expect to find
the country going to the devil and dete
rioration. This fate, however, we find
reserved for the total abstaining Turks,
while the Rttssians make more nnd more
noise in the world, and spread out and
are thought by many to be the coming
nation. Thomas Stevens in N?w York
San.
LEATHER FROM HUMAN SKIN.
A Flourishing Tannery Where It Is Pre
pared for the Shoemaker.
I remember that two or three years ago
I incidentally referred to a proment phy
sician of this city wearing shoes made
from the skin of negroes. He still ad
heres to that custom, insisting that the
tanned hide of an African makes the most
enduring and the most pliable leather
known to man.
Only last week I met him upon the
street with a brand new pair of shoes. I
looked at his foot wear, as I always' do
his pedal coverings hare an irresistible
inhumation lor me nnd said, wtin a smile:
"Is the down trodden African still be
neath your feet?" In the most matter of
fact way, and without the shadow of a
smile, lie answered: "I suppose yon mean
to Inquire if I still wear shoes made of
the skin of a negro. I certainly do, and
I don't propose changing in that respect
until I find a leather that is softer
and will last longer and present a
lietter appearance. I have no senti
ment about this matter. Were I a
southerner in the American sense of
that word I might be accused of being
actuated by a race prejudice. But I am a
foreigner by birth, although now on
American citizen by naturalization. I
fought in the rebellion that the blacks
might be freed. I would use a white
man's skin for the same purpose if it
were sufficiently thick, and if any one has
a desire to wear my epidermis upon his
feet after I have drawn my last breath he
lias my ante mortem permission."
The doctor's shoes always exhibit a
peculiarly rich lustrousness in their black
ness. He assures me that the never hurt
his feet. Tho new pair he was using
when I last saw him emitted no creaking
sound and appeared as comfortable as
though thej had been worn a month.
Their predecessors, he told me, had been
in constant use for eight months. He
obtains the skin from the bodies of
negroes which have been dissected in one
of our big medical colleges. The best
leather is obtained from the thighs. The
soles are formed by placing several layers
of leather together. The shoes are fash
ioned by a French shoemaker of this city,
who knows nothing of the true character
of the leather, but who often wonders at
its exquisite smoothness and says that it
excels the finest French calfskin.
Do not for a moment think that this
doctor presents an exceptional case of one
who puts the human skin to a practical
use. Medical students frequently display
a great variety of articles in which the
skin or bones of some dissected mortal
has been grewsomcly utilized and in bursts
of generosity they sometimes present these
to their friends, who prize them highly.
One of the dudes't dudes in town carries a
match safe covered with a portion of the
skin of a beautiful young woman who was
found drowned in the Delaware river. It
still retains its natural color. Another
young man with whom I am acquainted
carries a cigar case made of negro skin, a
ghastly skull and cros3 bones appearing
on one side in relief. One of the best
known surgeons in this country, who re
sides in this city, has a beautiful instru
ment case entirely covered with leather
made from an African's skin. A young
society lady of this city wears a beautiful
pair of dark slippers, the remarkable
lustrousness of whose leather invariably
excites the admiration of her friends
when they see them. The young doctor
who presented them to her recently re
turned from an extended foreign tour,
and he told her that lie had purchased
them from a Turk in Alexandria and that
he did not know what sort of leather they
were made of, but he supposed it was the
skin of some wild animal. As a matter
of fact, the skin came from a negro ca
daver which once was prone on a Jeffer
son college dissecting table. The rosettes
on the slippers were deftly fashioned from
the negro's kinky hair. Philadelphia
News.
THE POPE'S SECLUSION.
Personal Habits or Leo XIII and His
Love for tho Fine Arts.
Few persons whom fate has raised to so
high a rank love seclusion so much as the
successor of Pius XI. who was never
averse to cheerful surrounding. Leo XIII
is seldom seen in his reception robes; still
more difficult is it to observe him in his
house dress. The seclusion in which he
dwells is easily accounted for first by
his naturally retiring ways and secondly
by the fact that his devotion to all the
affairs that claim his attention leaves him
absolutely no time for visitors. Mgr.
Bella Volpe, the successor of Machi as
maestro di camera, must bear the brunt of
the general dissatisfaction engendered by
the scarcity of admission to a papal audi
ence, and yet he is powerless to remedy
the evil. Leo XIII, who sits constantly
before his enormous, artistically carved
writing desk, hidden behind a heap of
books, diplomatic letters and newspapers,
rarely allows himself to be interrupted in
his work in order to listen to the timid
petitions of his maestro di camera, and
contents himself with proving to him that
he has no time to lose.
He has not yet become convinced that a
general blessing will satisfy his visitors,
and therefore when he grants an audience
to twenty or thirty persons he considers
himself obliged to take special interest in
each individual. He asks questions and
gives advice, all of which tries him very
much and robs him of many a precious
hour. Therefore he resists as long as pos
sible without yielding to the necessity of
appearing in the reception hall between
two noble guards aud accompanied by the
monsignor participante, whose office is to
introduce those who have come to be pre
sented to the holy father.
Another class of persons who, with the
best of intentions, givo the pope much
trould are the mediocre artists. Leo XIII
is a great admirer of the fine arts. On his
way to the garden he often stops in the
hall of the candelabri, in the Vatican
museum, descends from his chair and re
mains several minutes, surrounded by his
palfrenieri, in gazing at the ceiling, which
is being painted at his expense by Saity.
He inquires about the progress of the
painting, asks those around him for their
opinion concerning the work, and repeat
edly orders very costly details to begin
anew, in order to make them more
worthy of himself and the apos
tolic palace. Bnt surrounded as
he is by masterpieces of art, how
many incredible pictures, what abortive
portraits must he sec, bless and accept as
tokens of veneration! Leo XIII is hard
to please in artistic matters; he is rarely
satisfied with his portraits, and even Ien
bach could not succeed in thoronghly
pleasing him. Berlin Boersen-Courier.
A Printer's Search for a Keyhole.
Another one of those old time typos lin
gered down town one morning among
convivial spirits long after the "jig" was
up, and when he finally got started west
ward it seems to me that all the printers
in town live on the west side it was
broad daylight, and the east bound cars
were crowded with people who hadn't the
faintest idea of what it was to work all
night. He lived on Madison street, and
when he reached his home he tried for
several minutes to adjust his key to the
keyhole, but couldn't strike the combina
tion. Every half minute a car loaded
with people passed by and everybody
laugheil at him. Then a cunning idea
struck him. He went calmly down in his
pocket, got a match, lighted it, held it up
to the keyhole, inserted the key, unlocked
the door and stalked digninedly in, while
an irrepressible shout went up from a car
that was passing. Daylight might be
good enough for some, bnt he needed a
little extra illumination. He was used to
artificial light. Chicago Mail.
tc-nanieiital Fruit Trees.
A com i.v.-.Iont states thra he planted
on hi thini i f :m acre lawn, a Siberian
crab, two vrs-en i:o-s. two apple trees, a
Ilfggaroau rfce.-rv, and three May Dukes,
a quui' e. a l.sbi.rtiur.u and crimson haw
thorn From early spring till now he
states that his lawn has been a perfect
pictur of beauty. First was the snowy
bloom of the plums; the Siberian crab
gave a mass of blossoms, followed later in
the season with thcscarlet, wax like fruit.
The other trees contributed their share of
ornament. Gardening Illustrated.
STATUE OF LIBERTY.
THE GODDESS' VISITORS NOT 80
! NUMEROUS AS THEV WERE.
Bartholin's Work Fal'.ltnj More and More
into a Conventional Harbor Land
mark Vlxltom from the Country A
Commanding Outlook Statuettes.
Few big undertakings are a whole year's
wonder, and it is only natural that the
Statue of Liberty should be falling more
and more into a conventional harbor laud
mark. Such, in fact, it is; aud though
the lioats still run down from the Barge
office daily with a fair sprinkling of sight
seers, one can feel that Bartholdi's work
has lost its freshness for aM but a few
strangers and enthusiasts. The sail these
hot days is a pleasant one, aud the air at
tiie island is cool aud salty. That the
statue is there is something, but not all
that it used to be.
Things on the island look much as they
did the day ufter the unveiling. The
game rough wooden stairs lead up from
tlie pier to the outer ramnarL,over which
tho same useless six gun battery frowns.
Across tho narrow interspace are the old
star shaped granite walls of Fort Wood,
with their curious winding sallyports.
They will be hidden some day by the big
embankment which is to slope from the
sea wall up to the statue's base. There
are no signs of such a terrace work now,
and the walls stand out as bald and dull
as ever against the lighter, polished granite
of the pedestal. Even the wooden plut
form is still standing under the south face
of the pedestal, from which the unlucky
orators faced the mist and rain on the day
of the unveiling and btrr.rrfcd against the
whistles of the licet cf i: : a. The same
narrow wooden staircase runs up to the
doorway of the pedestal. There is no
elevator inside. The stone steps nre hard
to climb, and one can get no further than
the goddess' heel without a permit from
the American committee. The American
committee, it turns out, is still in charge
of the statue, though the government
nominally owns it. A good deal of brac
ing has to be done yet inside the big
figure; and the terracing outside, for
which the committee is responsible, has
not even been begun. No money is ou
hand, and there is little chance of raising
any.
One misses the crowds, of course, that
used to struggle down to the island on
the overloaded steamboats last fall, and
the bustle of tho workmen hammering
away high up on the head and shoulders
of the big, unfinished goddess. The last
bolt was driven and the last rivet placed
eight months ago, and the shrillest sound
nowadays on the quiet island is the morn
ing bugle of the little squad of infnntry
that garrisons it. The artillerymen from
the harbor forts found life too dull and
lonely under the sh.ndowof the big beacon,
and a less favored company of infantry
was brought down from Sackett's Harbor
to relieve them. There is a guard, as
usual, on the pier; another at the base of
the statue; another at the base of the big
bronze figure itself.
FROM THE COUNTRY.
Most of the visitors to Bedloe's Island
newadays are people from the country
stopping over for a day or two in New
York. What they don't know about the
harbor from the guide books is scarcely
worth knowing, and the talk they hazard
from the deck of the steamer as it leaves
the barge office is often most refreshing.
'I guess that be Staten Island," said a
hayseedy looking old gentleman the other
day to his wide mouthed family of six.
"Sir Rastus Wymen or tonic such noble
man owns the hull ot it.
An' mebbe that's one of them towers
of Babylun that we beam Cousin Jimmy
a-talkin' about," he continued, jerking
his finger at Castle William. "Wall, I
never. I don't see no Brooklyn bridge
down here, though it oughter be pretty
near in front of us. That's the East river
what runs west, teally, jus' as the North
river runs south. Blamed ef I kin tangle
her out right. I see tho Goddess of Lib
erty plain ennuf, and them's the Narrows
what's behind her, where you see the
smoke a-hangin'. Must be Coney Island
there with the hills onto it. But I don't
seem t find that Brooklyn bridge, no
how." The old man gazed carefully again
around the horizon. His idea of a bridge
was a sort of a pontoon with a draw. He
fell on the real bridge at last from the pier
at Bedloe's Island a fine, gauzy net
work, showing against the black roofs
and spires and the sky beyond. Ho didn't
say a word, but stared at it blankly for
five minutes, and then for five minutes
more at the goddess; and the people of
Wayback will hardly be able to tell next
winter which of the two is the greatest of
the modern seven wonders.
A COMMANDING OUTLOOK.
No visit to the island is complete with
out a look through the parade ground,
from the middle of which the statue rises,
aud a clitnb to the galleries of the pedes
tal with their commanding outlook on the
harbor and its pretty setting of hills,
spires, towers and black, dense patches of
cities. The pedestal is open all the way
up, though the copper figure itself is
barred against the unfavored. It is a long
journey to the top, however, and the pros
pect is scarcely tempting on a hot day to
the uuenthusiastic. The men are gen
erally matter of fact enough to be satisfied
with the view below. The young women,
especially those from the country "doing"
the sights of New York, are more ambi
tious. The country people are the best custo
mers, too, of the girl who sells statuettes,
medals and memorial volumes on the
steamer. Most of the statuettes have
been on the market a good while. There
are some new ones, however, representing
Liberty astride of the North Pole
of a colored globe, with the continents
and oceans all neatly laid out in red and
blue and yellow. The Bartholdi medals
have a head stamped on the face, which
might be taken equally well for Julius
Ca?sar, Alexander the Great, George
Washington or Louis Napoleon. It passes
well enough, however, with those who
have never seen the French sculptor.
New York Tribune.
Inventive Genius in Streaks.
One of the leading authors of. the pres
ent day has remarked that "genius comes
in shoals." There is a depth of truth in
the remark, says a contemporary, which
must at once be patent to all who are fa
miliar with the history of our country, and
in no field of inquiry does the fact stand
out so prominently as in the great out
break of inventive genius by which our
country is distinguished. The Elizabethan
age was characterized by a shoal of dra
matists, next we have a shoal of essayists
with the amiable Addison at their head,
and down through the years until what
Carlyle has called "the mechanical age"
set in. The birthday of the manufactur
ing supremacy of England was undoubt
edly the 5th of January, 1769, when
James Watt announced his patent "for a
method of lessening the consumption of
Eteam and fuel in fire engines." This
was the source and sustaining power of
mechanical energy whose action quickly
changed the face of the world.
The inventive minds fulled in a shoal,
and before half a century elapsed England
was in possession of the most meclianical
appliances. Since the commencement of
the "mechanical age" the aspect of the
country has been changed. In districts
like the "Black Country," where nothing
formerly appeared but rural scenery, great
manufacturing establishments have been
erected, towns raised, and the roar of fur-
uaccs. rne noise or niaenmery, the buzz ot
rceld, and ceaseless activity now diversify
the scene where nothing" was formerly
heard but the purling steam or tho howl
ing of the tempest. Not only do the
inventive minds come iu shoals,
btit shoals of inventors who con
centrate their united euergy on some
special branch of mechanics or science are
every now and then springing up, and in
vention follows invention with surprising
rapidity. These inventions are always
shifting; at one time there is a run for im
proved furnaces, at another unproved
modes of constructing ships; then comes a
change to machinery, or some matter of
great public interest, like the rivalry iu
the improving of the different systems of
electric lighting. Not only do inventions
shift from one branch of science and me
chanics to another, but at times a lull
comes over one country and a great out
break, of inventive genius breaks out in
another country. Scientific American.
v ' Newsboys and Ilootblacks.
??3fcrextensive denlimrs with both news
boys "ahd"Gbotblacks have convinced mo
that there is no honester class than they.
The other day I gave a newsboy fifty cents
to change, and he went from place to place
until ho was out of sight, but seemingly
could not get the change. In a little while
he came panting up the street with the
change and said he was sorry to keep me
waiting. Tho fellow with the swell boot
blacking establishment borrowed my knife
to scrape tho real estate off my shoes, and
I went away and forgpt it. He handed it
over next day without a murmur. Some
times the boys haven't change and some
times I haven't, but we repose a mutual
confidence in each other and never get
cheated.
There is a lame newsboy from whom I
generally buy my eveaing papers. Ho
seems to have an implicit trust in my hon
esty that I have always admired and won
dered at, for I flatter myself I know my
self much better than he does. He is
gruff, but exceedingly honest. One time
I bought the two papers from him and
gave him five cents. Ho did not have the
one ceut change. He said he would pay
it next day. I thought at the time h-s
wouldn't, but I said nothing. Next day I
left for Europe. I was gone eight months,
and constant association with the mon
archs of that variegated continent gradu
ally obliterated that one cent from my
mind. The day after I got back I was
sitting in my office when he hobbled in,
aud in the calmest manner, as if it were a
mere trifle, laid down the coin ou my desk
and said, "Here's your cent." Luke
Sharp in Detroit Free Press.
The Frenchman's HypersensItiTeneitR.
The extreme sensitiveness of the French
character was amusingly illustrated as I
recollect some years ago in the Piraius of
Athens, where a vast number of ships of
war of all nationalities were assembled,
awaiting events after the flight of King
Otho cud the coming of the present mon
arch, who was then Prince George of Den
mark. Amongst the English squadron
was a line of battle ship named Con
queror, which had for a figure head a lion
trampling on a rooster. The ships were
very close together in the Piraeus, which
is a small harbor, and it happened that
the Conqueror was moored next to the
llagsliip-of the French admiral, and that
regularly every day that officer was per
force compelled to see the Conqueror fig
ure head right outside his stern galley.
The contemplation became so annoying to
him that he actually wrote to the English
admiral, and requested that the objec
tionable figure head might be removed.
Of course, this could not very well le
done; bnt in order to smoothe matters the
Conqueror was ordered away to the isl
ands of the archipelago, and on her re
turn, some weeks later, was, much to
the disgust of her officers, made to anchor
in Sahuuis bay, about six miles from tlie
city, so as to be out of the way of exhibit
ing her aggravating figure head to the
hypersensitive Frenchmen. New York
Truth.
Power of a Kind Voice.
There is no power of love so hard to get
and keep as a kind voice. A kind hand is
deaf and dumb. It may bo rough iu flesh
and blood, yet do the work of a soft heart
and do it with a soft touch. But there is
no one thing that love so much needs as
a sweet voice to tell what it means and
feels; and it is hard to get and keep it in
the right tone. One must stnrt in youth
and le ou the watch night and day, at
work and play, to get and keep a voice
that shall speak at all times the thoughts
of a kind heart. It is often iu youth that
one gels a voice or a tone that is sharp,
and sticks to him through life, and stirs
up ill will nnd grief, and falls like a drop
of gall on the sweet joys of home. Watch
it day by day as a pearl of great price, for
it will be worth more to you in days to
conic than the best pearl hid in the sea.
A kind voice is to the heart what light is
to the e e. It is a light that sings as well
as shines. Elihu Burritt.
To Prevent Collisions.
Two German inventors are credited
with having devised an arrangement in
the shape of an automatic electric alarm
bell calculated to prevent the collision of
two trains on the tame track. More than
this, the invention enables a train in
motion to remain in tclographic com
munication with the station at either end,
in about the same way us do tlie Phelps
and Edison telegraphs.. Finally, the in
vention admits of tho transmission of dis
patches to passengers in the train, and
enables the roadmaster to ascertain at
any time whether the track is clear with
out being obliged to inquire of the neigh
boring stations Chicago Herald.
Hero of a Resemblance.
Of all the reflex celebrities, the man
who looks or thinks he looks like the late
President Arthur, and who travels on the
strength of such resemblance, is the most
complacent. He is large and florid, and
he wears his whiskers and mustache after
the -manner of the lato president. He
made quite a reputation in Broadway
saloons and cafes while the late Gen.
Arthur was alive, and, on the death of
that distinguished and amiable gentleman,
he had the good taste to stay under cover
for a mouth or two. Now, however, he
is abroad again, posing as the hero of a
chance resemblance, and smiling when he
is alluded to as the "ghost" New York
Sun.
Y7ate Lands in India.
The result of the survey and last census
of India arc that the area of the peninsula
of Hindostan is 1,882,634 square miles,
and the population 253,801,821. Although
immense tracts of country arc annually
cultivated, according to the most recent
survey 10,000,000 acres of land suitable
for cultivation have not as yet been
plowed. At the same time 120,000,000 ol
acres are returned as waste lands. Chi
cago Herald.
A. Word Picture.
"My dear, can you change a ten for
me?" asked the wife of a penurious hus
band when company was present.
"Yes," he answered, with a wild, dazed
look, not understanding how his wife was
possessed of so much money; "will you
have it in small bills?"
"I meant a ten cent piece," she said
meekly. Tableau. Detroit Free Press.
Oae Tear After Marrlac.
Wife (one day after marriage) No,
dear, don't giro me any money; I might
lose it.
Same Wife (one year after marriage)
I took $20 from your pocketbook last
night, John. New York Sun.
A PAWNBROKER'S SHOP.
SCENES IN A PLACE WHERE MONEY
t IS MADE OUT OF MISERY.
Steps on u Downhill Road Pledging a
Wedding King The Slow March from
Wealth to Poverty Much Profit for
Little Outlay.
A pawnbroker was busily engaged yes
terday afternoon looking through his
books in his shop on the Bowery, near
Hester street. Ouo of Inspector Byrnes'
detectives stood at his elbow, looking over
the book also. The detective was looking
for some stolen property, which he had
been informed had been "planted" in this
place. While they were running over the
items, there was a sharp ring of the office
door bell, and a woman walked slowly to
the counter. Her clothes were a faded
black and torn iu places. There was
nothing bnt sadness in the pinched lines
in her face, and her emaciated body and
trembling hands told a story of woe and
misery, louder than words. Sho started
back a pace or two, as the pawnbroker
stepped idmbly in front of her from be
hind his desk, as if half inclined to get
away from tho place altogether. There
were tears in her eyes when sho went back
to the counter, and she turned her face
partly around from the pawnbroker, to
hide her emotion. There is little senti
ment in the pawnbroker's heart and ho
tapped nervously on the counter, waiting
for the woman to say or do something.
After a moment's mental struggle she
took a heavy gold ring from her finger
and pushed it toward the money lender.
It was her wedding ring. Tho pawn
broker examined the ring closely, weighed
it and tested its quality with acid. Being
satisfied that it was genuine, he laid $2
and a ticket on the counter. lie did not
ask tho woman's name; she had been to
sec him before. She clutched the money
quickly and hurried away, trying vainly
to keep back the sobs that welled up into
her throat.
"Well, that's the end of her," said the
pawnbroker, as tho smile of Shylock
sprend over his face and raised wrinkles
on his bald head.
"What do you mean?" ho was asked.
"It means that I've lost her trade and
will probably never see her again. No
matter how hard the luck a woman is in tho
last thing to go is the wedding ring. Her
husband may have been a worthless
scoundrel, but she will stick to the ring
until there is nothing else to pawn. A
pawnbroker is a constant witness of the
decline of the human race, or at least a
certain portion of it. Watching the slow
march from wealth to poverty i3 his daily
amusemeut. Take the case of this
woman. It is a typical oue. She came
here first about two years ago. She was
then gay, well dressed, nnd had diamonds
in her ears and on her fingers. She threw
olf a dinmong ring with a careless air and
asked for a loan, explaining that it was
only a temporary affair, and that she
would be in in a few days and redeem it.
She came back again, not to redeem, but
to pledge more of her property. She kept
coming from time to time, until now,
when nil her jewelry and clothing of any
value Is in pawn. I have watched this
thing thousands of times in my forty
years' experience, and it's an old story."
"What leads people to pawn their nrop
erty?" "In ninety-nine out of 100 cases rum
and opium. If it were not for these things
pawnbrokers would walk the whole year
round and have little fat on their ribs.
The liquor dealer is the pawnbroker's
best friend. A loan rarely exceeds one
third the marketable value of the goods.
It is a rare thing for a woman to redeem
goods. Men sometimes do when the prop
erty is valuable, or, what is oftener tlie
case, they sell the ticket to some friend,
who redeems the goods because he usually
gets a bargain. Some people have a pas
sion for pawning things. There is no ne
cessity for them to do so, but it comes
from an eccentric mental condition, such
as is found in a kleptomaniac, and they
cannot help it."
"Do you have many visits from thieve3
with stolen goods?"
"Not as many as is commonly supposed.
We have our eyes open all the time for
stolen goods, as it is not pleasant to have
the reputation of keeping a 'fence.' The
pawnbroker is an adjunct of the detective
office, and frequently gives evidence which
leads to the detection of thieves. It has
been done so often that thieves look with
suspicion on a pawnbroker, and when
they have any goods to dispose of usually
melt them for old gold or silver, or take
them to another city and pawn them.
Not a day passes that an attempt is not
made to swindle the poor pawnbroker by
trying to get a loan on some valueless
stuff. It is not often that we get caught,
because we have a test for everything. A
pawnbroker has to have a good knowledge
of values, both of new and second hand
goods, in order to get all there is in a bar
gain. It is hard sometimes to hear a poor
wretch begging for a few more pennies
advance ou a loan, but it's not hard to re
fuse when it is remembered that the less
money these people have the better they
are off. Take it at the best, a pawnshop
is a gloomy place, and it only shows the
unpleasant side of human nature."
"Is there any money in the business?" J
"Upon every pacKage in a pawnshop is
written 'M. M.' This is usually taken to
mean misery and money, and it's safe to
say that the pawner gets the misery nnd
the pawnbroker the money. I challcngo
you to find a starving pawnbroker in the
city. There is no business in which there
is so much money made on the capital in
vested. It is all profit. There can lc no
loss, as for every "?1 put out ther are $3
pledged." New York Tribune.
Highly Essential Oils.
I came across a queer old fishmonger at
Quincy market, the other day, who had
for sale a most curious variety of oils ob
tained from finny inhabitants of the deep,
most of which I had never heard of in my
life before. He kept them ou a long shelf,
in a row of enormous glass bottles. Of
the contents of many of them, he said,
apothecaries bought large quantities for
medicinal purposes. In No. 1, he ex
plained, was porpoise oil, derived from the
jawbone of that interesting animal, which
for lubricating watch machinery is un
equaled. The big sunfish of the sea sup
plies an oil exhibited in jar No. 2 that
is highly recommended for rheumatic pa
tients, and in the treatment of this com
plaint is also employed sec jar No. 3
the oil obtained from the fat that lies be
neath the turtle's upper shelL The oils
tried out from the entrails of eels and
pickerel are frequently prescribed, so the
vender of fish declared, for deafness. The
skins of eels, by the way, are a sovereign
cure for cramps if tied around the waist.
More than half of the big bottles were
filled with cod liver oiL Of this the pro
duction is, of course, far greater than that
of all the rest combined.
The process of refining It, I am told, is
quite elaborate. To this by far the
greatest fish market in the United States
many mfilinna. of livers are brought
every season by salty trawlers, who sell
them at the docks to manufacturers'
agents. The crude oil is passed through
boiling water, so that it maybe thorough
ly cooked, and then poured into canvas
bags. These bags are sqaeesed beneath
hydraulic presses, the lard Ilk stearins
remaining inside, while the okine ooaes
out ready to pot up for the market. This
eod liver ou, of the best qmHty, can be
obtained from the siinslsHersr by any
one wlw cares tebris hat ewa receptacle
atfLMperrpJIsts. Afetaeearies charge
aoouc tms per quart. Among ttie rarest
of tho fish products exhibited by the old
market man was melon oil so called be
cause it has the fragrance of the musk
melon. It is a secretion in the nose of a
pilot whale, and is the best lubricant
known short of porpoise oil for delicate
machinery. Its congealing point is so
low that it remains liquid with tho ther
mometer at zero. Another curious oil,
which is so susceptible to cold that if
placed in a temperature where ice melts
it will freeze, is extracted from the fat at
the base of the forelegs of the Indus river
crocodile. It is a famous leather dressing.
New Orleans Picayune.
Hiding on an Engine.
You will never find me riding on nn en
gine simply for the sensation of watching
the roadway. At one time I had a regu
lar passion for that kind of thing, nnd in
every case where a permit could be ob
tained I rodo in the cab. It was on the
Burlington two years ago that I received
a lesson which will not bo forgotten. The
engineer and fireman were iu their cus
tomary scats, and I was on the right
side leaning ngainst the cab, chatting with
the men. Something led me to inquire
how many ways of escape were open in
case of an accident. The engineer, Jim
Goodwin, looked around and gravely an
swered: "Only two," nodding at the win
dows. "What is the third man to do?" was
my next question. "Be crushed by the
tender," was the laconic reply.
You bet, I thought a good deal, and at
the next station, Red Oak, I think I told
Jim that I'd go back to the coach, chances
were too slim on the footboard. Jim
shook hands, remarking that he never
liked to sec a friend in tho cab. You may
call it a presentiment if you please, but
that talk saved my life. In the course of
another hour we ran into a car that stuck
over the end of a switch. Jim slapped on
the air brake, threw over his lever and
went out of the window, and his fireman
jumped on the other side. The cngino was
ditched and the tender piled right into the
cab, where I would have been crushed.
My friend Jim sprained his ankle, broke
one arm and was terribly cut about tho
head, although none of Ins injuries were
fatal. Now I ride iu the place assigned to
passengers. T. L. Granby In Globe-Democrat.
Qneen Christina's Tact.
A well known poet of Spain, deservedly
famous for his work, was at tho same
time a man of moat advanced radical
opinions, and waged such bitter and open
war against the regency that ho was at
last arrested, tried and exiled. He was
but scantily endowed with the world's
goods, and the wife and children he left
behind soon fell into absolute poverty.
The poet petitioned Queen Christina for
pardon in their behalf, and was at once
permitted by her to return to Spain and
to his family. He obtained nn audier.ee
and went in person to tender his thanks
to the sovereign and offer the expressions
of his gratitude and homage. lie was
graciously treated, less as the enemy that
was than the future friend.
Suddenly the queen said: "You are not
rich, senor; literary men of merit seldom
are, and yon have a large family, have
you not?"
"I have six children, your majesty."
"Six?" continued the queen; "then there
are three for you and tlnee for me."
From that day the poet's three daugh
ter's were cared for and educated at the
queen's expense, who considers them as
her special and personal charge. Chicago
Herald.
Tho Worst Waiter or Alt.
The native born American is tho worst
waiter of them all. He comes to the busi
ness through misfortune, and he is a dis
gusted, disheartened and thoroughly disa
greeable man. He 13 bound to show his
contempt for tho work by slamming the
dishes upon the table, growling at the
guests, grumbling at any extra service,
and accepting his tips without thanks.
There are some good waiters of almost
every nationality under the sun except
Americans. Some people might think the
college boys who serve the tables of the
mountain hotels in summer were an ex
ception, but the way they put food on tho
tables of a summer hotel in the mountains
is not waiting. Besides, the impression
able guests always make so much ado
about college student waiters that the
young men get to think it is a sort of dis
tinction, and so they get over the Ameri
can's repugnance to that kind of work.
New York Club Man in Commercial Ad
vertiser. A Magician's Card Tricks.
Thei'c is a traveling magician in this
town who frequents the big saloons and
passes round the hat after he has per
formed some of his interesting feats of
sleight-of-hand. "He is particularly strong
in dealing poker hands. In a gathering
of five yesterday he dealt off hand to one
a pair of tens, to another a pair of jacks,
to another a pair of queens, to another a
pair of kings, and reserved for himself a
pair of aces. The four naturally asked
for three cards each. The cards were
graciously given that made each person
hold four of a kind, the itinerant magi
cian having reserved tlirce cards, among
which were two more aces. Immediately
the magician was asked to teach 'woof
the party the trick, they saying that they
would pay liberally for tlie knowledge.
The magician declined to do so, adding
that he could have been rich long ago if
he had cared to be di.-honest. New York
Sun.
A Suttitu: for Sitk.
Gclsol'ue is the name of a new material
resembling silk. A writer in the Journal
Commercial ct Maritime Pay3 of it that
two students in Italy have invented nn
apparatus the object of which is to sul
stitutc mulberry fiber for cotton, and
have given it the above name. On re
moving the bark from the young shoots
of mulberry trees a fiber is fcund which
in fineness and tenacity is not exceeded by
silk, nnd the object of the invention is to
treat the bark and isolate the liber by a
mechanical process. Three English houses
are said to have alieady made offers to
purchuse the entire production c-mnnating
from this novel process. Fxank Leslie's.
No More Exprc Kohlx-rles.
I know that the time is coming when
there will be no more express robberies in
this country The time has already come
when the detective is sharper and shrewd
er than the expert cracksman, burglar
and embezzler and thief, and they cannot
escape. This has been demonstrated
quite frequently of late, and it naturaliv
follows that such robberies will become
an unprofitable business. Globe-Demo
crat.
Napoleon on En!isli Society.
The English appear to prefer the bottl
to the society of their ladies. This is illus
trated 1 dismissing the ladies from the
table end remaining for hours to drink
and iutoxicato themselves. If I were in
England I should certainly leave the table
with tlie ladies. Were I an English
woman I should feel very discontented at
being turned out by the men to wait two
or three hours while they are drinking.
Napoleon.
Syrcpof rips
Is Nature's own true laxative. It is the
most easily taken, and the most effective
remedy known to Cleanse the System
when Bilious or Costive; to dispel Head
aches, Colds and Fevers; to cure Habit
ual Constipation, Indigestion, Files, etc.
Manufactured only by the California Fig
Syrup Company, San Francisco, Cal. For
sale only by Dewty ft Becker. 27-y
National Bank!
or
COLUMBUS. It
-HAS AN-
Authorizod Capital of $250,000,
A Surplus Fund of - $20,000,
And tho largsttt Paid iat Cask Capital of
any bank in this part of the State.
Deposits received and interest paid oa
time depobits.
J5SD rafts on the princ ipal cities in this coaa
try and Europe bought and sold.
Collections and all other basiaese given
prompt and careful attention.
STOCKnOLDKBfl.
A. ANDE1WON. Prw.'t.
II HUMAN P. H.OEHLRICH.
Yico Prve't.
O.T.KOEN. Cashier.
J. P. .BKCKEK, HERMAN OEHLMCH.
G. SCHUTTE. W. A. McAUJlrfEk,
JONAH WELTH. JOHN W. EARLY.
P. ANDERSON. G. ANDERSON.
ROBERT UHLiG. CARL REIN HE
Apr28-'88tf
gttsmess gards.
D.T.Mautyn.M.D.
F.J.8CHUO.M.D.
Dra. KABTYN & SCHTJG,
U. S. Examining Surgeons.
Local JffiffillVgfe.11-
Con-ultntion in German and English. Tele
phones at office and rwidencett.
nn;m. n m:.. ... . ... t ... ..
rer tt Jewelry btore.
COLUMBUS,
NEBRASKA.
43-y
MYSICIAX AXD SURGEON,
l'latto Center. Nebraska. U-y
Ty A. ncALLISTER,
A-rroRXEY e xotary public.
Office nptairs in Henry's Imihlinjr, corner of
Olive nnd 11th streets. anjrllWr7y
LAW AND COLLECTION OFFICE.
Upttairw Ernst building, nth street.
CJ!HVA & KEEDEK,
A TTOI2NEYS A T LA W,
NebraX NatfoMl "- Co-'
Q . EVASS, M. O.,
rrn'swiAx axu surgeox.
bt0lC,,, rooms' ,uc.k bttlldinir. lltn
Bireet. ieJephone communication. !y
T M. M,VCIAKIAI,
ATTOUXEY f- XOTARY PUBLIC.
hu'Kka.Ver RrMt Nttt,'nal B".Un.-
TOIIK Kl!liv
eJ
COUXTY SURVEYOR.
J-Parties desiring surveying done can ad
-VTOTICE TO T1UCHEK8.
W. H. Tedrow, Co Supt.
Iwilllw at my office in the Court House the
,.nd,f,W,3ror C"Ch tnonth f"r theendna!
lion of teachers. sttutf
-JQK. J. CHAM. WILLI,
DEUTSCHER ARZT,
Columbus, Nebraska.
.,iFFv1Kc0i UtU, '"'"' Consultations in En
Klisfi, trench and German. 2inar87
-ALGItAF BROS.,
ZS"EXPBESSJTEX:
?iai'.e",,'rl!i bt,t?r1' nny Foints of the oity.
band suitable for plabtering nnd building pn
poses .furnished in any part of city or on board
cars at reasonable prices. 30martf7y
JOHN G. JUGGINS. C. J. GARLOW.
Collection Attorney.
HiaorNS & GARLOW,
ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW,
Specialty made of Collections by C. J. Garlow
3t-m
F. F. KIIKK, -ff.
HOMCEOPATHIST.
Chronic Diseases aad Diseases ef
Children a Speclaltv.
3"!Pu'"ce "n Olive Mreet, tiirco doort, north of
first National Rank. 2."y
jp II.Kti'MCII-E,
llth St., opposite Lindell Hotel.
Sells JlarncM. Saddle. Collars, Whips, Blankets,
( urry I m!, Brushes, trunks, valises, buggy
tops, cushionu, carriagB trimmings, Ac, at the
lowest pobsiblo prices. Rehire promptly at
tended to.
MANUFACTUKER OF
Tin and Sheet-Iron Ware !
Job-Work, Hoofing and Gutter
ing' a Specialty.
SSyShop on Olive street, 2 doors north of
Brodfuelircr's Jewelry Store. 32-tf
WOKING CLASSES fl
pared to furnish
all classes -with employment at home, the whole
of the time, or for their spuro moments. Busi
ness new, light and profitable. Persons of either
sex easily earn from 50 cents to $5.00 per evening
and a proportional sum by devoting all their
time to tho business. Boys and girls earn nearly
as much as men. That all who seo this may send
their oddretw., and test the bnsiness, we make
this oder. To such as are not well satisfied we
will send one dollar to pay for the trouble of
writing. Full particulars and outfit free. Ad
dress, George Stinsoh & Co., Portland, Maine.
dec22-88y
book of 100 nazea.
The best book for aa
BffiRlTSlHirromorffi:
ItcontMinallstrfot newHDanera and estimates
of the costof advertising. The ad7erti9erwho
wants to spend one dollar, finds in It the In
formation he requires, while forhim who will
Invest one hundred thousand dollars in ad
vertistnc a scheme la indicated which Witt
meeims every requireBseni, or ceisoei
to dotobif Mght cAongaf attfly arrived at
rttpomience. its eaitsoaa have Dees
Seat, post-paid, to any address for W seats
Write to GEO. P. KOmELI. AV CO.
Al
GEO. P. KpmgJ. .00
ek AvwaisrsiQ wamAV.
.TxtmmcBal). Xewfesk
KEWSPAPZK
USstoneeM.