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About The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911 | View Entire Issue (March 17, 1886)
ICELAND'S HOSPITALITY. or BeMclag Whisk Shocks m TrtkVeMr. All mentors of an Iceland family top in one room, and this, indeed, often serves all purposes save that of kitchen. Very narrow and from six to twenty feet long, according to the rise of the family, with a row of low banks on either side, leaving a space three or four feet wide down the center, these rooms are lighted by one small window at the end, ventilated by the door or the trap through which they are entered from below and wanned by the heat of the bodies collected in them. The steeply pitched roof, constructed of rafters and overlapping boards and covered on the outside with a thick layer of growing turf, rests on low walls and makes it impossible to stand upright, except under the ridge. The priests1 houses and a few others have guest chambers, with sometimes a stove, which is only used on extraordinary occasions, .owing to the difficulty of transporting fuel from the seaports. Parties of tourists stop where there is a church and shiver out the night on the eight-inch wide benches, the vest ment chests or the floor, but if there are only one or two of you and no guest room, or that is already filled, you generally share, for experience's sake, in the somewhat promiscuous nightly packing of the family for experience's sake, mind you, and you always get it, as well as the only good idea of the home life of the people. Upon this evening I found myself in a room smokily and dimly lighted by seal oil, burned with a wick of cotton' grass in a lamp of brass, much like the ancient lamps of the Greeks, but famished with an overhanging arm and a swivel and boat-hook arrangement, which permits of its being stuck or hung wherever the user wishes. Two bunks on one side and one on the other were literally full. In one a man and two boys, in another two women and children, and in the third three men, all sleeping like sardines in a box, the head of one on thosame pillow as the feet of his next bed-fellows, and the. space that was not occupied by human beings probably was by beings inhuman, After shaking up the many boxes and bundles under the rude mattress, ana giving an extra poke or two to the feather or down bed which is the only form of covering known in Iceland, one of the girls motioned us to the bed where we were to sleep (an Iceland gentleman was to share my bed,) and len, as if it were an every-day oc currence to shock the senses of a modest traveler, while we were still undressing she, with two others, proceeded to tako possession of the bunk opposite ours, until 'the last in bed put out the light." My companion somewhat surprised mo by a warning to secrete any valuables I might have, out as ho was an Icelander I thought it belter to follow his advice than to trust to the proverbial honesty of his countrymen, and after an appli cation from a box of rough on rats no, well never mind I was soon uncon scious, breathing carbonic acid gas by the cubic yard, out in sweet oblivion until awakened during the general turn out next morning. The daylight revealed nothing new, except, perhaps, the many little articles stuffed into every nook and crevioe. Furniture is scarce and a chest of drawers a luxury in an Icelandic habi tation, and odds and ends are hung on nails in the roof, stuffed into the cracks or in boxes hidden away under the mattresses in the bunks. Horn spoons, knives and forks, bits of cloth, needles books and fishhooks were tucked prov miscuously away, and old clothes and fish hunr over lines stretched length wise of the ridgepole. It was interest-' ing to see the men, after slipping intd the few clothes they had removed upon retiring, sit on the edge of the beds chatting and sipping thecoffeti brought by the women. Several times I was roused from my musings by the rustling of the disar ranged covering in a bed which I had supposed empty, and prcsontly a half naked child would start up from the depths and 6taro in open-eyed wonder at the stranger, who returned the gave with a sense of the ludicrous rising within him. From a bed where I had counted three the night before, four had already risen, and now many mare were to follow? At the farther end of the isle a mattress spread upon the floor had served for the resting place of three more girls, whoso accustomed bunk myself and companion had proba bly occupied. By this time I had be gun to feel tho need of a little clean air, and, getting into my clothes, I descended to the guest-room where I breakfasted on more mutton and tur nips, but lightened this time with a cup of chocolate and some English crackers. Lang (Iceland) Cor. Philadelphia Press. V AN INGENIOUS DEVICE. Am Incandescent Inap Whfeh Requires Mo Vacnam In tbe Globe. Mr. Max Muthel has patented in Ger many an incandescent lamp which possesses the advantage of requiring no vacuum in the globe. He has. it is re ported, very ingeniously overcome one danger that experiments of this kind 'have hitherto presented, and that is the fusion of tho incandescent wire. The wire used fey him consists of a mix ture of bodies that are conductors and non-conductors of electricity. He takes magnesia, silicate of magnesia, etc., and porcelain clay, and forms a fine thread of them, which he heats to in candescence and saturates with a sola tion of platino-iridium salts, and after ward raises several times to incandes cence in order to reduce tho absorbed traits to a metallic state. Instead of the foregoing mixture, filaments of clay may be taken and saturated with a solution of a metallic salt, which is then reduced to a metallic state, through ; incandescence and the use of oil of lavender or some other organic sub ' stance, or through an electric current. With wires thus prepared fusion is ab solutely overcome, the presence of tho non-conducting substances preventing .the metallic parts from melting. Mr. .Muthel supposes that the electric spark jumps, so to speak, from one particle to another, and in this way causes a heating of the other substances, which, brought to incandescence, emit a more intense light. N. Y. Post. m a The Latest Society Whim. The latest craze which has struck the Washington belle is the carrying of canes. A few weeks ago a young leader in society returned from En gland, and the next day she surprised her friends by appearing on the streets with a cane. It wasn't the ordinary dude cane, but a nice little stick with a .shepherd's crook of hammered silver. Sometimes she swung it and at other times she struck the ground with a harp rap. There is no question that this created a sensation, but there is a great deal of difference of opinion as to whether the craze will strike in or not. So far not more than half 3 dozen girls have mustered up courage enough to appear on the street with canes. The probabilities arc that the craze will not extend to that point where it will seriously interfere with the ordi ary every-day hapf incss of the mod- aaae. wasnmgum ucucr. The average price paid a school teacher in this country is four hundred And yet some peopic compiatn : schoolmistresses re not aj- gflfif ptMtM. r. r. BOOKS AS FURNITURE. Shay Ar Admirable AeUanets t Home Properties. Surveyed only from the point of view of their utility as home furniture, books have a recognized value. In the mind of the average purchaser, there is usually an apologetic residuum after the accomplishment of his purchase Carrying his coveted volume home, he casts about for reasons, apologetic and sufficient, which shall lead wife and daughters to condone this unwonted extravagance. If the book be bound, it assumes a more definitely rebuking shape, and he knows that the rigid economy which accepts resignedly tho acquisition of a new novel in paper will be suspicious, if not outraged, at the greater permanence and cost of binding. It is amusing to hear tho excuses made by book buyers with reference to the indulgence of their taste for litera ture. They wore on the train and something was needed to beguile tho tedium of the jonrney, or a birthday anniversary was about to recur, and a book was not only cheap, but might bo read by several in tho household be sides its possessor, or and let it be confessed that the last is the most fre quently assigned reason tho book wa3 offered at a bargain somo cents below its advertised price. To the multitude any article offered on sale at ninety nine cents appears fabulously cheap in comparison with its neighboring arti cle at one dollar. Ladies ingenuously own their preference for saving tho odd cents, and the bazar whioh holds tho trump card is the one which offers tho number of wares for sevonty. or eighty or ninety-nine cents. Seriously, there is nothing so inex pensive, its real value, itu perennial in terest and its external charm all weighed against its cash price, as a book and anound book. Wo do not un derestimate the convenience of cheap, issues in paper, but their only use after they havo been read is to lend or to give away. They are simply rubbish and impediment in the eyes of the neat housekeeper, and justly so. Far better these than none: still, in these days of luxurious typography, exquisite illus trations and daintily-perfect binding, a well-bound book is a thing of beauty and a joy forever. In itself it is a min iature art gallery. It helps you in tho entertaining of guests. It offers a theme for conversation. It tends to the fos tering of refinement in the children. It diffuses around it an ntmospnorc as distinctly elevating, if the book be good and bad books should never be ad mitted into the home as tho air of health which blows cheerily from tho mountains or the sea. It drives ennu away; it stimulates to activity. Any teacher will testify to tho fact that his most intelligent pupils are the bookish pupils the girls and boys who are ac customed to nandling books and living in their good company. But, conceding all this, admitting that the everlasting borrowing of books is as much a mistake in manners as should be the borrowing of coats, or vests, or gowns, or gloves, we present an argument whicc shall irresistibly appeal to the- frugal -nind. Books furnish. They furnish in the same manner that drapery and pictures and bric-a-brac do. After you havo possessed yourself of the bare necessi ties, the carpets and chairs, and tables and bedsteads, aud when you begin to think of adornment and decoration, every penny you expend in books is an investment which will return you largo interest. Furnish a house in the ex treme of the upholsterer's art, without regard to the money spent, omitting books, and your house shall resemble a statue waiting for tho soul. The backs of books on the shelves, books ou tho centor-tablo, books tempting hand and eye, as tho caller in the parlor awaits the advent of the hostess, are all useful in filling up what wo may style tho properties of the home. You may mako a mistake in buying silver or glas3. Your other furniture may find itself in the wako of a departing fashion; your pictures may bo inharmonious, or'you may pay too much for them in propor tion to the merit, but the modest book, costing comparatively little, well worth, even if it cost much, the price of sev eral desserts and of two or three pounds of candy, will, merely as furniture, re ward you by its vindication of your taste and its quality of inherent vitality. Therefore good maler-familias encour age the household book buyer. Home Journal. 0 A PEDESTRIAN WONDER. Vke Besaarkable Walking- Feats Performed by m Norwegian Sailor. The pedestrian feats of the present day are castjnlo tho shade by the re corded exploits of Ernst Mensen, a Norwegian sailor in the English navy, early in the present century. Monsen first attracted attention by running from London to Portsmouth in nine hours, and soon after he ran from London to Liverpool in thirty-nine hours. Having distinguished himself at the battlo of Navanno in 1827, ho left the navy and became a professional runner. After winning a number of matches he under took the feat of running from Paris to Moscow. Starting from the Place Vcn domo at four o'clock in the afternoon of June 11, 1831, he entered the Krem lin at ten o'clock a. m., on June 25, having accomplished the distance of 1,760 miles in thirteen days ami eigh teen hours. Tiie employment of Men sen as a courier extraordinary became a popular amusement in European courts. He ran from country to coun try, bearing message; of congratula tions, condolence or despatches, and always beat mounted couriers when matched against them. He never walked but invariably ran, his refreshment be ing biscuit and raspberry sjTitp. Ho took two short rests onlj' in the twenty four hours. These rests he took stand ing and leaning against some support; at such times he covered his face with a handkerchief and slept. In 1836, while in the employ of the East India company, Mensen was charged with the conveying of dispatches from Cal cutta to Constantinople, through Cen tral Asia. The distanco is5,615 miles, which the messenger accomplished in fifty-nine days, or in one-third of the time taken by the swiftest caravan. At last ho was employed to discover the source of the Nile. Setting out from Silesia on May 11. 1843, he ran to Jeru salem, and thence to Cairo and up the western bank of the river into Upper Egypt Here, just outside the village of Syang, he was seen to to stop and rest, leaning against a palm tree, his face covered with a handker chief. He rested so long that some per son tried to wako him, but they tried in vain, for he was dead. He was buried at the foot of the tree, and it was 3-eara before his friends in Europe knew what late had befallen him. if. T. Clipper. Quite a Novelty in His Way. The wife of a New York cashier remarked at the supper table: "Have you read the late novel by Wilkie Collins?" "Haven't read it" Well, there is a cashier of a bank In it just like you. He is honest and faithful, and does uot run off with his employer's money. That's the way it is with those novelists. They are so unnatural ami improbable in their description.-. ( ' aV V Hwnltt m. - ., mm ROLLER SKATING. Tbe BUe and Fall of the Paatlae-Tfc Fortone Made Darlag the Craze The great, empty, barn-like struct uresthe skating rinks which last season were alive with thousands of busy skaters, are very quiet now. Here and there in the city can be found one that is making an effort to keep open, but the attendance is very poor and tho attractions that last year would have brought out thousands are bringing but few to the rinks this sea son. The "craze" is over. It was a very profitable one for the manufactur- I ers ox roller states ana tne owners or ! rinks last year. There were rinks in J this city that made thousands of dol 1 lars. Last year Frank Hall, the pro prietor of the Olympian Rink, in Fhila I delphia, and who owned a factory for ' making roller skates, sold one hundred . thousand pairs of skates. This year he has sold nono and has closed nis fac tory. Mr. Hall says that, though the "craze that roller skating as an amusement is ID J W l& , .V M& lUlOIMAV w .. to die out. wnen tne "craze" nas en tirely subsided roller skating will be reduced to the limits of a pastime upon which legitimate business ventures may be made. Nothing connected with the "craze" is more curious than the manner in which it affected the trade in boxwood, maple and hemlock. The boxwood was found to be the best material from which to manufacture the rollers. In consequence, last year that wood jumped up from $26 a ton to $40, and one firm, by a fortunate purchase just before the market took an upward turn, made $17,000 in less than two weeks. The market was stripped almost bare of boxwood for a time, and thousands and thousands of tons were made up into rollers in a few months. Boxwood is selling now at $18 a ton, and the price is still going down. So enormous did the proportions of the infatuation for roller-skating become that companies with hun dreds of thousands of dollars as capital were formed for tho purpose of con structing rinks in small cities all over the country. Theso rinks were built for the most part of hemlock, and so extensivo were the opcratidns that this lumber, notwithstanding tho immense supply, made advances until tho market at ohft timo showed that its value had been increased at least 25 per cent, by tho large operations of the construction companies. Since 1884 the price of hemlock has fallen off 90 per cent be cause the building of the rinks had to be stopped. One of these construction companies in ten months divided profits of $400,000. The plan of the managers was to build a rink in a promising locality, run it a few weeks, and then sell it out to local speculators. Maplo was found to bo the best wood with which to construct tho rink floors, and this lumber jumped up to $50 and $55 a thousand feet. It is an interesting fact that the "ronor-skattagefwse1' would havo COTtte long ago but for the patent F of seven teen years after the skate was patented not a skate was sold, and yet tho patentee in that time made $3,000,000. Eben Plimpton was the lucky fellow who first conceived the idea of tho roller, and he made all the f oiler skates used during thp years his patent ran, and rented thjm out to skating-rink managers. Ho always made the con tracts read that he should recelvo ten per cent of the admission receipts and all the money for tho rental of the skates. Of course, roller skating did not flourish under these circumstances, but the amusement was popular enough to keep small rinks in largo cities, and Mr. Plimpton made money. As soon as the patent expired and skates could be made by any one the "craze" started, and started in Richmond, Ind. A citizen of that place started the manufacture of roller skates in a little wood-shed. The skates bccaraopopular, a'nd he enlarged his shops until he had a factory of over four hundred feet in length and ono in which many work men are employed. He has made a round million of dollars in the business. Pittsburgh CJtronicle. e MODERN SCIENCE. Its Discoveries la Regard to Man's Senses and Constitution. The experiments which have been and are being mado in Germany and in this country on the five senses show that there is no especial apparatus for each in the human system. It has been proven that touch, for example, is not a function of the skin solely, as heretofore believed, but is an organiza tion which works out its wonderful results through distinctly created ma chinery. This machinery registers the minutest pressure and the slightest alteration in temperature. Scientists demonstrate that there are distributed spots on tho skin which are cold and hot, and that there are places interme diate botween these localizations whioh arc insensible both to pain and to cold. These epidermal spots are unequally distributed over varieties of human bodies, but aro to be found in such sizo and localities as are best adapted to the wants of an individual; and further, that they peculiarly differ in their dis tribution on tho body of tho same per son. It is stated, too, that the places intermediate between tho cold and heat spots may bo pierced with a sharp in strument without producing pain. All feeling, of course, proceeds from the brain, tho apparatus of touch being but a register in given localities of tho human organism. A gentle pressure on the hidden springs of tho machinery is at onco telegraphed to the brain, and the answer is sensation pleasurable or painful. Another discovery has been made, and it is that tho whole of tho esophagus is alive to temperature, thus evincing that the apparatus of touch is made sensitive even there by the at mospheric pressure. In fact, if the hidden organs could bo reached, it would bo seen that the organ of focling variously operates upon them. It is no longer conjectured that tho entire surface of the body breathes, and German scientists go so far as to say that in the experiments touch ing the five senses they "indicate the external covering of the human body as the primeval and reliable source of knowledge of tho external world," and justify tho belief that further re searches may "shed more light on Sdnie of the fundamental problems of Escychical action and unfolding." That 1 going too far in the repudiation of the primary motor, mind. Neverthe less, the onward stride of science is developing something wholly new in regard to that "fearfully and wonder fully made" being, man, and the en riouszpart of it is that man himself is becoming gradually but surely to attain a knowledge of himself! Discoveries as to touch and temperature are the most recent of wonders, and the twen tieth part of the mysteries of each have not yet been developed. .Y. Y. Mer cury. m m The Hawaiian Gazette says the na tives of the Sandwich Islands have "only just reached a higher civilization than poi, the. national dish, and if the Chinamen come into the islands all that has been gained will be lost" Then by all means let Chinese immigration into the Sandwich Islands be prohib ited. When a people have reached a higher civilization than "poi" they should be assisted and encouraged in their great and glorious advancement But what a ridiculous way to spell pie. Norristovm Herald. ii An artists' chance for drawing a turkey in s raffle is no bettor than any body Ut.-Jf0 Bm. HE POUND OUT. enraalaqvlBtilve traveler Had Hli Carl? asttr&ufefled. When tbe train comes to a stop on flBlmg Botween tho stations soincfhlng has got tofce done. Tho veteran raff road traveler cither polls out a news paper or settles down for a cat-nap, and the responsibility of finding why the tram is standing here instead at firondering along twenty miles away devolves upon Farmer Davis. Mfc Davis got on' two stations below, and Is going three stations beyond. He was at toe depot just an hour and a half before train time, and he spent the long interval in reading railroad adver tisements and walking up and down the platform. He didn't ask the sta tion master if the train was on time over twenty times, which was letting him down very easy. Now that the train has come to a standstill without just cnuso or provo cation something should be done. In deed, something shall be done, and Mr. Davis is the man to do it. Ho throws op his window, crawls out as far as he can, and looks up and down tho train. He soes nothing to alarm, and nothing to indicate tho cause of delay. "Mighty singular, isn't itP" he Queries of the man behind him as he draws m his head. "Yes." "Ever known a train to stop this way before" "Never." "Somo ono ought to find out the cause of it, hadn't they?" "Somo one certainly had." "Well, I'll go out and look around ft little. If they've come to a lop a purposo to let somo other train run into us I want to know it." Tho fanner goes out and walks down to tho rear of tho train, but nothing is in sight Then ha heads about fdr tho locomotive. When ho reaches it ho finds the fireman oiling up ami the en gineer smoking. He can't sec that there is a single wheel missing not a one. Tho cow-catcher is in its acens tomed position smoke-stack, cab ami tender arc seemingly all right, and Farmer Davis begins "to feci indignant. "What's the matter?" ho demand, as ho looks the engineer square in the eye. The engineer looks down upon him as caini ana placid as a June morning, but has no reply. "Anything givu ontP" No reply. The fireman is next appealed to, but if Mr. Davis was ten thousand miles away that fireman could not have been more oblivious of his existence. "Now you look a-hero!" says the farmer, as he advances a foot nearer'. "I want to know why in Tophet this 'ere train is fooling around herd along? side of this swamp instead of tending to bizncssP Mebbo you've" got time to fool away, but I haven't!" Neither the engineer nor fircmnn looked at him. He thought of climb ing into the cab and waking them up. but gave up the iden ou second thought, and returned to fit? seat in tiie car. Just as he reached it tho CraV cago express cawo rushing post, ami in half a minute his own tram moved on "Why, tlioy must a-bcen waiting tor that train!" ho said to the mail bvhihd him. "Oh, certainly.-" "And you knew it all the timer "Of course." "Then, sir, I want to say that yon aro apizen-inean man not to tell me of it, arid I wouldn't sell you 'raters' if you offered four dollars' per bushel!" Detroit Free Press. A MODEST SCIENTIST. Mr. A. Martin, the Creates Mathematician In America. The Librarian of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey is an odd sort of person. The only name hd per sonally cares anything about Is Arte mas Martin, but he has a half dozen prefixes and suffixes, all given him by learned societies. Mr. Martin is one of tho first mathematicians in the world. Tho problems of Calculus are to him mere child's play. Nothing short of mathematical sophistries of the most abstruso and unpractical sort have any fascination for him. Oddly enough, Mr. Martin was, until his appointment in tho United States Government ser vice, a market gardener. He owned a small piece of land on the south shoro of Lake Erie, within a half-dozen miles of the city of Eric, which he tilled, raising mostly kitchen truck for tho city market Twice every week ho was to bo found In his stall, as little known to his customers or people of the city as was the vender of poultry or the seller of beads and buttons in the neighbor ing stalls. One day it was announced in the telegraphic news in the papers that a Mr. A. Martin, of Eric, Pa., had been elected an honorary member of one of the leading learned societies of Great Britain, tho Royal Mathematical or something of that sort, I have for gotten just now what Everybody said: "Who's Martin?" "Have we any such distinguished individual in ourmidstP" No one seemed to know. A few days later tho University of Michigan con ferred the degree "of Master of Arts upon Mr. A. Martin, of Erie, Pa. Here was a fresh bit of news. Well, after awhile this learned but mysteri ous man was discovcrod in the person of the gardener who tended a stall in the city market A man of perhaps forty-five, ho was tall and ungainly, dressed as became his calling, looking as little like a fellow of a royal British society as like British royalty itself. But fame mado no change in tho ap pearance or occupation of tho market gardener. Ho continued to tend his stall and study, too, 4 suppose ns be fore, dropping tho former only when nnnointed a few months asro to tho Government position for which ho is so eminently qualified. Cor. Detroit Free Press. Getting Up Wood. There Is no better time to get wood from tho lot than on the first snows, and before a great depth has fallen. As soon as tho ground freezes, tho farmer can generally get time to go into the wood lot and cut what is needed for the next seasoals supply, and havo it ready to be hauled to thu woodshed as soon as there comes good sledding. This is an easy way to get the wood out, for it is. often difficult to get about tho wood lot with wheel?, and then if the wood is at the door it can bo cut at convenient times and made ready to be housed. It is much more comfortable cutting wood in tho lot before tho snow gets deep. Congrc gationalist. Tho Supremo Court of Massachu setts has decided that tho word "guest" as defined by the public statutes under tho license law, is limited to persons who resort to an inn for food and lodg ing, and clearly excludes those who resort there for tho purposcrof produc ing and drinking intoxicating liquor. m m A nicely sharpened lead pencil Is the only thing in sreation that defies the law of gravitation. Tho lighter end always strikes tho floor first Burlington (VI.) Free Press. Society spends nearly all of its time not devoted to eating and dress in discussing what somebody not iu so ciety is doing or has already done. fhiladelpfria Timet. FARM AND FIRESIDE. When snow is scarce and the. weather freezing, look out for your orchard trees aud vines. An excellent remedy for hiccough for youug and old is grar. dated sugar moistened with pure vinegar. For an infant give from a few grains to a tea ipoonful. Toronto Globe. . Coarse brown paper soaked in vinegar and placed on the forehead is good for sick-headache. K tho eyelids are gently bathed in cool water, the pain in the head is generally allayed. Exchange. Treacle Muffins: One and one fourth cups oatmeal, one cup flour, one half cup brown sugar, one-half cup butter worked into the sugar, one egg, iinall cup of milk, a teaspoonful soda dissolved in less than a half cup of molasses, one egg, a little nutmeg. Albany Journal. For a light tea oake, take one cup of sugar, two eggs, half a cup of melted butter, one and a quartor cups of milk, twoteaspoonfuls of cream of tartar and one teaspoonful of soda. Add flour enough to make a stiff battor. Bake twenty minutes in a good oven. Boston Budget. A Salamander: Bone a chicken and rub it well all over with cayenne and pounded ginger; put a quarter of a pouud of butter in a stew-pan and lay the chicken in it; let it simmer in the butter until it is quite cooked; lay it on a dish and pour the butter ovor it with the juice of a lemon; serve very hot The Caterer. Snow B til: Coro and peel six ap ples; till tho placo wher- tho core was with orange or lemon peel chopped, Allow two tablespoons fujs of rice to cover each apple and scatter this ovor, ater it is placed in the cloth. Tie each apple in a separate cloth and boil one hour. Sorve with sauce. -Ciitc:'.i-nali Times. For ebonizing wood, use half an ounce of copperas and eight ounces ot logwood chips. Boil the logwood chips in one 'gallon of water for half an hour and then add the copperas. Tho mixture must bo applied hot to tho wood. Two or three coats will be required. If the ebonized wood is to be varnished, a little black must be added to the varnish else it will give it a brown tinge. Chicago Journal. Orange snow is delicious when pre pared after the following method: Au ounce of isinglass is dissolved in a pint of boiling water. It is then to be strained and allowed to stand until it ia nearly cold. Now mix with it tho juice of six or seven oranges and one lemon. Add tho wliite! of threo eggs and sugar to taste. Whisk the whole tosretnei until it looks white and like a sponge. Put it into n mold and turn it out on tho following day. Toledo Blade. Plum Pudding: Beat thoroughly the yelks of four eggs and stir them into a quarter of a pint of milk; add a quarter of a pound of snot chopped tino, half a pound of fine bread crumbs, half a pouud each of stoned raisins and cur rants, one-eighth of a pound of citron cut into thin peels, one and a quartet gills of sugar, a little nutmeg, powdered Cinnamon and mace. Mix all well together, adding to the lvt tho white of the cgsfs beaten to a stiff froth. Tic in a cloth aud boil six hours, turning onco in a while, and being sure to keep boiling water on hand to add to that in the kettle when it boils down. Boston Globe. GERMAN FARM HANDS. The Wajres They Receive In Some of tfct Kmplrc'4 Richest Districts. Consul Dithmar, at Brcslau, Ger many, has made a report to the Depart ment of State relative to agricultural labor. He says the laborer usually lives upon tho estate, aud is employed upon it tho year round. The working hours aro in summer from six a. m. to leven p. m., and in wintor from sunrise to sunset. He has free lodging and free fuel, and it is customary also to allow his family the use of 100 square rods oi land for raising vegetables. As direct wages he receives per annum $19 to $23.80 in cash aud 24 bushels of rye, S bushels of peas and U bushels of wheat Tho laborer's wifo is bound to work in the field whenever required, aud re ceives for a day's work in summer 12 to 14 cents, and in wintor 10 to 12. Of tea, meat and tobacco the farm laborei gets but little. If he smokes a pipe it is but seldom, and his tobacco is un manufactured leaf. In harvest, time he is treated to schnapps to encourage him in his work. A writer on economic subjects estimates that a laborer's family, consisting of himself, wife and five children. under 12 j'ears of age can sudsisc ior $1.09 a week, or $57 a year. Miners and mino laborers reeeivo daily from 52j cents (which is paid to foremen, engineers and carpenter.) to 18 and 15 cents paid to womrn and minors. Tho average cost of tiie subsistence of a miner's family, inoluding rent, cloth ing and tixes amounts to $122.80 per annum. The rents paid by miners range from 36 cents to $1.19 jjor mouth. Mr. Fox, the Consul at Brunswick, sends a report on agriculture labor in that duchy. The wages paid to agri cultural labor depends upon tho locali ty where such labor is employed, being considcrablyliighcr in the level than in tho mountainous districts In the former the vagi.s of a man and wife aggregate $l!)4.2G per annum, while in the mountain districts a man aud his wife, assisted by a child, uarn.s but $184. Men aud women earn from S3 to 47 cents hoeing, and from 47 to 59 gathering beets. In this latter work children aro also employed to cut oft the leaves, and a .;hild from 10 to 12 years old will earn in a period of three or four weeks 24 cents daily. In the matter of boot culture contract labor is sometimes engaged, cash wages be ing from 24 to 30 cents per diem. Oft en a donation of 11 emits per diein i given, provided the laborer remains steadily at work until the contrast ex pires. Each employe receives from 20 to 70 cents head money upon entoring into the contract, and extra hours are paid for at tho rate of 2, 3 and 4 cents per hour. As a rule, every five or six work people receive one quart of milk and often one pound of bread per head daily, with coffee iu the morning and a warm meal at uoon and night, with meat on Sunday. Waihuiglon Cor. N. Y. Sun. To Prevent Rusting of Iron. A composition has been invented by an English cngineor whioh is claimed to offectully preserve iron from rust, being also usefully applicable to other materials, such as stoue and wood, used in conjunction with metal. This composition consists of 100 parti virgin wax, 125 of Gallipol, 200 ol Norwegian pitch, 100 of grease, 109 of bitumen of Judoa, 235 of gutta percha, 120 of red lead. 20 of white lead, these ingredients being mixed together in the order named in a boiler, tho gutta percha being cut up iu small nieces ox rasped. The mixture is stirred at each addition and poured into molds. For iron it is melted and laid on with a brush; for stopping holes it is used as paste. Boston Transcript. The London Lancet says that chil dren who are allowed to go barefooted enjoy almost perfect immunity from the danger of "cold" by accidental chill ing of the feet, and they aro altogethei healthier and happier than those who. in obedience to the usages of social Hie, wear show ad stockings. SCHOOL AND CHURCH. Tutors at Harvard are said to re ceive salaries of from $900 to $1,200 a J sr. while the trainer in athletics "get 2,000. The English Church Congress of 1886 will be held at Wakefield, on Oc tober 5. 6. 7 and 8. The Bishop of Ripon- has been chosen president for the year. At a late meeting of tho Psesbyte rian Synod of Dakota the Indian women reported having raised fivo hundred dollars for .missionary work among their own people the past year. Tins was more than all the money raised by their white sisters in three societies. Missionary work in Mexico is at tended with hard work and slender re sults. A missionary preacher writes that he and one other preacher are ex pected to supply oighVcfcttrches, and also to open new fields of labor. In ordor to do this they will have to spread themselves out exceedingly thin San Francisco Ghronicte. Charlemagne in 789 gave these wise instructions: "Let sjome one open schools to teach childronito read; let in every monastery, iu every bishopric, somo one teach psalms, writing, arith metic, grammar and employ correct copies of holy books; for often men seeking to pray to God pray badly on account of the unfaithfulness of copy ists." In France in the tenth and elevonth centuries there scunulo have boen a Kind 01 religious "revival 01. peace. The clergy "preached it;; religious en thusiasts went from village to village proclaiming in the name of Christ, the "Prince of Peace," and holy relics were brought to public places, on which tho wild barons swore a vow of peace. Rev. Dr. Clark, in reviewing the work of tho American Board of Foreign Missions during tha lat twenty-five years, says: "As a result we note an advance in churches from 103 to 292; of church members from 3,500 to 23, 000; of pupils in common schools from 8,000 to S5,000; of native pastors from 25 to 147, not to speak of the growth of a large and eflicient body of native preachers and teachors acting as co-la-borors with us iu tiie emngelization of their people." .y. Y. Tribune. As stated in tho ProvinziaUEcJittl collegium the maximum of daily school work considered in Prussia to bo com patible with health is fixed at from sev en hours a day for children of cloven and a half years, tin to nine hours for those of sixteen and a half and upward. The standard is thought too high by very many German teachers and doc tors, and Dr. Koth states that sixty-four per cent of those wlio should work after graduation ar much bolow the normal standard of health. The standard in Denmark is still higher, and a recent government investigation finds that twenty-nluo per cent of the boys and forty-one per cent, of the girls are "sickly" from confinement and mental strain. The ecclesiastical summary of the Roman Catholic Church in tho United States for tho year ending January 1, 1886, show that tho Archbishops num ber 12, Bishops 62 and . priests 7,926. Tlftrc aro 1,621 ecclesiastical 6tudonte, tho Archd'ocese of Milwaukee having the largest number 335. There aro 6,755 churches, 1,071 chapels, 1,733 stations, 36 diocesan seminaries or houses of studv for regulars, 85 col leges, 618 academics and 2,621 paro chial schools, attended by 492,949 pupjl3. Tho charitable institutions number 440. PUNGENT PARAGRAPHS. The stars themselves are the best astronomers. They studded the heavens before Adam had a telescope. N. O. Picayune. Talking about being in comforta ble circumstances, did you ever see two lovers occupying one armchairr Bur lington Free Press. "Ah, Miss Green, what aloyely complexion Miss Pink has! I declare she is as protty as a picture." "Yes, Mr. Black, one might almost think she had been painted by ono of the old masters." Chicago News. In England young gentlemen speak of their fathers as "tho governor," "pater," "the overseer," etc. In Amer ica they say "dad." "the boss," or the "old man' In heathen countries they say "father," but they are a long way behind the age. N. Jr. Telegram. A South Side girl who covered her face with her hands when she thought her lover was about to kiss her, in her disappointment complained: "O, Harry, my hands are so small; there's room enough for five hundred kisses between them." Chicago Telegram. "Darringor, I sympathize with yon in your financial distress. As a friond you can trust me every time." But, Bromley, that doesn't happen to be the kind of friend I am looking for. I want a friend who will trust mo." Philadel phia Call. Rev. H. R. Heweis savs that "a poem becomes a hymn as it becomes 'a lifter.'" "According to this notion." says a certain young man, "my girl's father ia not a poem. Anyway he doesn't become a hymn when he be comes a lifter." This may be becauso he is opposed to the meet-her. Nor ristoum Herald. Matilda Snowball, the colored do mestic in an Austin family, was sus pected of helping herself to somo wine. "Own up, Matilda, that you have been drinking out of this bottle of Rhine wine," said the lady of the housr. "No, mum, I nebber has been near dal bottle." "Aro you sure?" "Ob course I is. Ketch me a-drinkin' dat ar sour sniff what puckers up yer mouf. No, mum, I has got better senso dan dat ar." Texas Silings. A Boston girl was at a New York reception. "So you are from Boston?" said a young gentleman to her. "O, dear!" she responded, with an accent of despair, "how did you know? I'm sure I tried hard enough to conceal it" "To conceal it?" he repeated, with a puzzled air. "Surely, you are not ashamed of it?" "O, no, replied she, with engaging candor; but I thought everybody would be afraid to speak to me if they kuew I was from Boston." Philadelphia Press. "O, dear," exclaimed Mrs. F after vainly endeavoring to pour hot water out of the empty tea-kettle, "how did I forget it I wonder. I'm getting a per fect simpleton. I wish I did nave a little common sense." "But, my dear," interrupted Fogg, "supppose yon had. Do you think you'd know what to do with it?" "Do with it?" echoed Mrs. F. ; "many things. I might want to be married again, yon know, and it might save me from making a fool of yself a second time." Boston Transcript. Proper Protection of Stock. The rule to be obserred by erery farmer in regard to the proper keeping of cattle is that every animal from tbe greatest to the least should be kept happy and saved from pain and misery. Then tho stock are profitably kept, and the profit is in proportion to the degree of comfort enjoyed by them. Every farmer before be retires to his own warm bed at night or before he eats his abundant supper, should ask him self: Are my cattle, horses, sheep, pigs, and fowls resting in comfort and with well filled bellies F If he can not answer himself affirmatively and his conscience accuses him of neglect, Ids him be assured that his pocket is suf fering just as much as his stock 9X8 and that, moreover, his conduct is just m inhuman as if he prodded his an male with a fork or beat tbfsB wMfc labs. IT. T. Timet. )9 CATHARTIC COATED CURE Headache, Nausea, Dizziness, and Drowsi ness Tkeystimulato tho Stomach, Liver, and Beweb, to healthy action, assist diges tion, aad lacrosse the appotltc. They combine cathartic, diuretic, and tonlo properties of the greatest valuo, ore a purely vegetable compound, and may bo taken with perfect safety, either by chil dren or adults. E; L. Thomas, Framing ham, Mais., writes: "For a number of years I was subject to violent Headaches, arising from a disordered condition of the stomach and bowels. About a year ago I commenced the use of Aycr's rills, ami have not had a headache since." Y. P. Hannah, Gormloy P. O., York Co., Ont., writes: "I have used AVer's Tills Jor tho hut thlrtjtaars,andcan safely Jfcy that I have ncveround their equal as a cathartic medicine. I am never without them iu my house." C. D. Moore, Elgin, III., writes : "Indigestion, Headache, and Loa of Appetite, had so weakened and debili tated my system, that I was obliged to gi vo up work. After being under tho doctor' care for two weeks, without getting any relief, I began taking Aycr's Pills. 3fy appetite and strength returned, nnd I wa soon enabled to rcsumo my work, Iu per fect health." Ayer's Pills, ntETARKD r.T Dr. J, C Ayer & Co., Lowoll, Mass. told by all Druggists. XII K OMAHA & CHICAGO SHORT X.XWTE: OP TIIK St Pan! Eiwaj. THE BEST ROUTE From OMAHA TO THE BAST, Two Trains Daily Between Diimlia Chicago, and Milwaukee, St. Paul, Minneapolis, Cedar Rapids, Clinton, Dubuque, Davenport, Rock Island, Freeport, Rockford, Elgin, Madison, Janesville, Beloit, Winona, La Crosse. And all other Important Points East, Northeast and Southeast. For through tickets call on the Ticket Agent at Colunihus, Xuhraika. Pullman Slkepkics and the Kim-st PlNINC. Caks in thk WoKi.D aro run ou the main lines of the Chicago, tlil 'wcssikee Ac Pit. 1'anl Itj anil every attention is paitl to pnnsttngnrn ty cour teous employe of the Company. R. Sillier, A. V. II. C'arprnler. General Man gcr. tien'l Pass. Air't. J. F. Ticker, Asi'tUon'l Man. Cicu.ll. Ilc fiord. Ais't Pass. Ag't. J. T. 17-1 Clnrk, (Jen'l Sup't. Fb LOUIS SCHREIBER, All kimls of Repaiiing done 011 Skert Notice. Buggies, Wag- hs, etc.. Made to order, and all work (luar- anteed. Also sell the world-famous Walter A Wood Mowers, Reapers, Combin ed Machines, Harvesters, and Self-binders the best made. Shop opposite tho "Tatters.ill," on Olive St.. COI.USI HIM. .ni Denver to Chicago, Denver to Kansas City. Denver to Omaha Omaha to Chicago, Kansas City to Chicago, Omaha to St. Louis, BEST LINE FROM WEST TO EAST! SURE CONNECTIONS LOW RATES AOCAOC CHECKED THROUCH. Through tickets ovor the Burling ton Route are for sale by the Union Pacific, Denver A Rio Grande and II other principal railways, and by all agents of the "Burlington Route." For further Information, apply to any agent, or te P. S. EUSTIS,Gcn'irk'tAgt, OMAIIA.XEB- A book of 100 pages. Tbe best book for an advertiser to con sult, be he experi enced or otherwise. ItoontalBSliMsofnewspapeTH and estimates ofUiecostofadvertlsinfr.TheartTrrtiserwho wants to spend one dollar, finds in it tbe in formation he requires, while forhim who will Invest one bnmlred thousand dollars in ad vertising, a scheme is indicated which wUI meet his every requirement, or ea be made todotobf $liahtehanattemilf arriredat by cov rmpmndtnze. MB editions have been Issued. Seat post-paid, to any address for 10 cents. Write to GKO. P. KOWZU. CO., MEWSPAFER ADVETI8QiG BURBAU, OSprset.ritatBWHoaselq), New York. IH liaie BlacKsiDiui and Wagon Maker NfWPAPiR rtntrTBTICIUl UNION PACIFIC LAND OFFICE, S AB3X. C. SMITH, Ag't. AND 4 General final Esiaie B. Hi?! hiYf a Ijre niimiirr or Improved Kam.N fur :ili! rtieap. A I u liim-is. roved f.imiits .nud razius l.w.tl. ftum $ uSi."i per aero. Vpre:! :t Initio:: paid t, .rtllf (.11 Hl!!lll'vl! III -.ml making Timber tin::! (. Kiiihi rrr I! b:ivx r I::i(I to fll v ill liml it to t'lt-ir t.l.i!it.-ii' t.. ;r,-,. tlwni in my IiaiuN f.r .:.:. Moiuy l 1,-au ti f.in-.i-i. f. 15. M trty, so-tr Olerl.. r;n.:k Orniaii. t "i;imliu-. .Wbr:tl:t. LAM ::- FARMERS & STOCKMEX .l!lt lil''Illl :li.. Ni-l,r.ttt.i Pl:i:i Kh. r. !i:ii on tint jThe Country is Wonderfully otiucfive. Hieap L of (iu intl for saw in the virinity litflv town 01 Slt'Hiiijr. Gmnd Openings for all kinds of Busi ness. Piesent population of Town 500. ltS'fi for airaHl&r t PACKARD & KWG, 2.i-v StI:ij2. U i lit ', Ci2or:tt!. EsTABllSHEO IK I8H0. --2BB:- mm EEPHBLISM. WASHlXCToX. t. C. l:iil. . e't'it Snnd.iX'.. $v:r in ndvanec. m: -Tin: rf stall I Is aliUwiiLi RSiUaiilliillB. D'otid to cMTil iieu- nnd cr:t:intl niatti r (ibt.iii!fl (ro -i ih- Depirtineiit o( Avriciiltnif iml otiier i'fp.irtmcuts of tbctiovi-rmiuMit, rvl.ttini; to the tinning am! iIintinir interest. Au Advocates of Kt-iniliiicin rii:ciIe, ro iew ins fearle.-ly and fairly the aets of Oniare's and the Nation il Adminis tration. 1'rjee, ?1.!) per year in advance, postage tree. K. W. KOX, 'resident and MniMir-r. The Xatiox.ii. 1:i:iujilican and the Collmhus JouitXAi,, 1 vear, ?i."i0. a-x Cures Guaranteed! DR. WARN'S SPECIFIC STo. 1. A Certain Cure for Nervoiw Duhiiitv, Seminal Weakncs-, Involuntary Kmi't frioU", Snerm.itorrliivi, and all diseases of the jrenito-urinarj organ- e.iused by elf abi:?e or over indulgence. I'rice, ?1 oo per box, bix boxes $."i.'X). DR. "WARN'S SPECIFIC No. 2. For Kpilcptie Fits, Cental Anxiotv, l.o9 of Memory, Softening of the Hr.iiii, and all those diseases of the brain. Prio $1.H) per box, six boxes $,".0). DR. WARN'S SPECIFIC No. 3. For Impotence, Sterility in either .ex, I.os of Tower, premature old age, and all ihoe diseases requiring a thorough in vigorating of the sexual organ.-. Price $-J.(H) per box, fix boxes $10.00. DR. "WARN'S SPECIFIC No. 4. For Headache, Nervous Neuralgia, and all acute diseases of the nervous itritcni. Price .r0e per box, six boi $i."o. " DR. "WARN'S SPECIFIC No. 5. For all diioacs caused by the ovcr-uae of lub.iceo or liquor. This remedy is par tieulaily elnVacious in averting p:i!yaud delirium tremens. Price ?!.() pe- '-ox, ix boxes $r.t)0. W Guarantee a Cure, or agree to ro tund double the in. iiej paid. Certificate iu each box. ThN guarantee applir to each of our live .spccilir... Sent by mail to any iddress, secure from observation, on receipt of price. He careful to mention the number of ipecitie wanted. Our i-pccilics are only recommended for .f eitic dicai-.. He ware of remedies war ranted to cure all these diseases With ono medicine. To avoid count, rfmU and al ways secure tne genuine, order onlj from im)wtv jic. :iurvA. DItUG GISTS, l'--t Columbus, Neb. Health is Wealth! De E. C. West's Nckth ji;:d Uiuin- Tnr.iT MENT, n cnaranteod Fpocilic for Iljstoria. Dizzi ness, Convulsion, 1'its. Nervous- uralKia. Headache. Nervous Prostration caused hy tlioiisa oinlcohol ortobneco. Wnkoralnos, Jlcatai ua pression. Koftoninjr o tho J tram resulting in in sanity and l"ndinir to misery, decay and iJcath. I'rematnro Old Ago, Jlarrcnncsc, Ixh-h of power in either Per. Involuntary I-x3 nnd Snennnt orrheca caused by ovcr-cicrtion o t ho brain, self obusoor over-indulgence. Lach box contains ono month's treatment. $l.fK)abor,or6isboxc3 CorS5.0U,6eatbyinajl prepauioa receipt of pneo. ivk guarantee: six boxes To euro any caso. With each order received byni for bix boies, accompanied with jSjUJ, vro will send tho purchaser car written, tuiaranteo to re fundtho money if tho treatment does aot effect a euro. Guarantees issued only by JOHPT C "WEST & CO., 662 W. MADISON ST., CHICAGO, ILLS., olo Prop's West's Liver Pills. in presents given aicrvj. Send us 5 cent potac, iuuu aim oy mail you will net free a. pacKae of ;;oort of lari;i alue, that will start you iu work that will at once brin yoifin money faster tli.in any thing else in America" All about the $200,000 in presents with c.i h bov. Agents wanted e cry when, of cither sex, of all aux, for all the time, or spare time only, to work for u- at their own homes. Fortunes for all workers ab solutely assured. Don't delay. II. Hai. LKTT & Co., Portland, Maine. S500 REWARD! WEwUIrTtlloTrwmrJ for 137 extet lint ComyJabl P7rlia Sick lltxivbi, Isdt.tna, Conuipatioa or Coitirrat w cannot ccra with Wnt'i VktUU Liter HUi, wbta tfc diire Ikffijtr, rtrktlytcoiyiua with. Tfcty r purely TtgtUMt, aaJ c,,r&II to tin utuUctlca. SnjsrCuU. tun bo. cm teialD-30pli,iScraU. Kr u! by all drcjs!!. Denr,c! cxutuf!u and taSuit-int. Th fncio mazmfectcnJ mly br JOHN C WEST A CO, JSI & ls3 W. UadUca St. CUcaja. BM ttlti SH "at lt mail prcjaklca ncttyl tt a 3 cactUHBSa WIN more money than at anything else by taking an agency for tbe best selltue book out. Uc- trinners succeed grandly. Xone feil. Terms free. Hallktt Uook Co, Port land, Maine. 4-32-y JUvIq ( 3RALT4 I m nnn -v tssl m'.4BBBBBBV S