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BUYING AND SELLING.
Hie Practice of Farmers to Sell When
Products Are Cheap mad Buy When They
Are Dear.
A generation ago the farmers of this
country sold few things and bought bnt
few. They not only fed but clothed the
members of their families from the
products of their farms. This course
was necessary, because markets were
few, the means of, transportation poor,
and money scarce. With the intro
duction of railroads the establishment
of markets, and the great increase of
circulating medium, great changes were
produced in the affairs of the farmer in
relation to trade. In many parts of the
country it has become the habit of most
farmers to sell almost everything they
produce on their places, and to buy al
most everything that is needed to sup
ply the wants of their families. Of
course, this plan must bo pursued
by farmers who make a specialty
of raising cotton, tobacco, hops,
broom-corn, and some other crops
that are not food products. They must
buy their meat, breadstufts and fruit
the same as merchants, manufacturers
and artisans do. or else devote a por
tion of their farms to the production
that can be used for feeding the family.
In many cases they will lind. it to their
advantage to buy of neighboring farm
ers and gardeners poultry, eggs, vege
tables and fruits, aud to obtain their
flour, meal, dairy products and meat
from regular dealers. Such, however,
is not ordinarily the case with persons
engaged in general farming combined
witn stock raising. They will find it to
their advantage to raise nearly all things
that canjbe used in feeding the family
and to hold back from market a suf
ficient quantity to last till more can
bo produced. That they do not ordi
narily pursue this course is observable
in manv ways. During the fall and
winter live and dead meat of all kinds
is being forwarded from the country to
large cities, especially thoe that aro
extensively cngagod in slaughtering
animals and curing meats. It is often
the case that a rich farming region is
almost entirely drained of meat at the
winter holiday season. If the weather
is cold onough is frozen to supply the
family till about tho 1st of March.
During tho spring and summer smoked,
dried and salted meats, and often fresh
beef and mutton preserved by ico. are
sent from cities to country towns and
sold to farmers. During the proscnt
season great alarm has been created in
numerous country towns by sickness
caused by eating unwholesome meat.
In each instance the meat has been traced
to somo packing-house locate i in or
near a large city. The meats that pro
duced sickness were eaten in country
towns which furnish more meat than
the inhabitants cm consume.
There is no gain in selling meat in
the fall and winter and btiying it back
the next spring and summer, even if
there is no considerable advance in
prices. But thure is a large advance in
price. As a rule, prices rule low when
a large quantity of any article is put on
the market within a short time, as is
tho case with beef and pork at the close
of the fattening season in tho fall.
The' rule high when tho market no
longer receives supplies and peu'fttors
havo every opportunity to arrange com
binations." 1-armers, scattered over a
large extent of territory.can not combine
to put up the price of beef and pork,
but the persons who have collected
thorn in a great c;ity can readily do so.
Meat is constantly rising in price from
the time it leaves'the farmer in the fall
till it comes back the next spring or
Rummer. One frcijjht bill must be paid
to send it to market and another to
bring it back again. From the time it
leaves the farmer till it returns it passes
.through several hands, all of whom ex
act some profit. Insurance, inspection
dues, and commissions must be paid.
The cost of tho packages is alo added
to the price of the meat. Ordinarily
the meat that was sold in the fall for
five cents per pound can not be bought
back six months afterward for twice
that sum.
In many cases fanners sell the hogs
and steers thoy ra'su and buy back the
meat they turnish because they do not
understand how to dress the animals,
are not skilled in curing the moat, or
have no good cellars or smoke-houses.
Every farmer should understand how
to slaughter and dress animals, and
how to cure their llesh. If he is ignor
ant in regard to these matters ho
should embrace the first opportunity to
acquire the needed information. It
may be impractical for all the farmers
in a portion of country that has been
recently settled to have cellars suitable
for tho keeping of meat. Several
farmers, however, can unite in con
structing a cellar in somo favorable
location that can bo used for storing
the meat packed by all of them. Each
barrel can be marked with the name
of the owner, and the cellar can be
opened at kpecificd times for the ac
commodation of those interested in it
There are few farmers who are too poor
to own a smoke-house, and such a build
ing will servo not only for curing
meat, but for storing it. The delicious
hams, shoulders, and side bacon one is
certain to lind in most parts of the
Southern States are now salted, smoked,
aud kept in the same building. Dry
salt and sugar wore applied to them.
The were slowly smoked and left hang
ing in the smoke-houso till they were
wanted for use. No cloth or patwr
coverings were required to keep flies
and other injects from them, as the in
terior of the smoke-houso is kept en
tirely dark. As corn-cobs or hickory
bark are generally used in the South for
smoking meat it has a delightful flavor.
Occasionally during the spring and
summer a lire is kindled in the smoke
house, especially if tho weather is damp,
for the purpose of insuring the preser
vation of the meat and the killing of
insects. The old-fashioned smoke
house is a Southern institution that
should be introduced into all the West
ern States and Territories. It is an
economical inst'tution, and one that
insures good living at very small cost.
No farmer should have occasion for
buying meat, unless it be an occasional
cut of fresh beef during tho sum
mer, with pickled pork, corned
and smoked beef and mutton, smoked
hams, shoulders, aud sides of hosrs he
can supply his table with most of his
own production and curing during the
entire year. During the winter season
he canpreservc fresh meat by freezing
it- The carcass of a sheep can gener
ally be disposed of in a farmer's family
if the animal is not killed during the
summer months. Mutton will keep
longer than beef, and it can be corned
so as to insure its preservation if it can
not all be eaten in its fresh state.
Corned mutton is very delicate, and for
cooking with vegetables is greatly su
perior to beef. A farmer should have
chickens to kill during the summer,
and ducks, geese, and turkeys during
the fall and winter. These with the
pork, beef, and mutton cured in the
different way suggested, should furnish
a farmer's table with a variety of meats
that would satisfy the appetite of an
epicure. Chicago Times.
A noted statistican, Edward At
kinson, insists that there is an abund
ance of room yet in this world. The
1,400,000.000 persons supposed to be on
the globe could all find easy standing
room within the limits of a field ten
miles square, and by the aid of a tele-
Ehone could be addressed at one time
y a single spencer. In a field twenty
miles square they could all be comfort
ably seated. N. Y. Tribune
Emperor William, of Germany, al
ways has a chapter of the Bible rea4 te
uu immediately after
"THE GOOD OLD TIMES.
Good Undoubtedly. Bat Behind the Times
of the Present In Same Renpect.
Yes, "the good old times" undoubted
had much to boast of. but in one regard
they were wofully behind the present
times, be the latter good, bad or indiff
erent. We refer to mendacity. Not
that there is any less lying now than
there was in ages gone, but rather that
the practice is looked upon with a
larger spirit of charitableness than
formerly, and that mankind is mora
willing to condone his brother's excur
sions from veracity than he was in those
good old times aforesaid.
We read in sacred writ of the quick
and terrible visitation upon Ananias
and Sapphira. not because they lied, but
simply because they kept back part of
the truth. If the precedent established
in their case were strictly followed to
day, what an epideraio of sudden deaths
the newspapers would be called upon to
record! The Asiatic cholera and his
twin destroyer. Yellow Jack, together
with all their cousins and their sisters,
and their aunts, would be forced to shut
up shop and go out of business, inas
much a3 there wouldn't be enough of
humanity left for them to work upon
and pay running c senses, while con
sumption, fever riuI diseases of the
kidney, heart, brain et .. would long
ago have gone into hopeless bank
ruptcy. Possibly even the medical fra
ternity might ere this have become dis
couraged and become reputable mem
bers of society.
Why, look about you, and you will
not fail to discover an Anauias or a
Sapphira in ever- other man or womau
whom you meet in your daily walk.
Here is tho real-estate dealer, for ox
ample. He takes you to look at the
piece of property he wishes to sell. Ho
points out the "beautiful prospect, but
says nothing of the raw winds which
roar about the place from November to
June; he speaks of the fine elevation,
but is silent in regard to the ice-covered,
slippery hill you must climb, if you can,
next winter; he explores with you the
commodious cellarage and comments
upon its roominess in eloquent terms,
but ho strangely forgets to ment'on
that it is afloat two-thirds of the year:
he shows you the line well of water and
asks you, with assurance born of per
sonal knowledge, if you ever tasted
better, but it does not occur to him to
remind you that in summer, when the
well isn't as dry as a Sunday-school
discourse, tho water tastes almost
as bad as it smells and smells
almost as bad as it tastes; ho
takes you into tho chamber not a syl
lable about the leaky roof ; he po'nts
out the external beauties of the house
the fact that there is nothing but
faith between the clapboards without
and the plastering within entirely es
capes him ; he dilates upon the splen
did neighbors, but fails to refer to the
neighbors' hens. And so on, to the end
of the chapter. What he tells you is
true. He does not lie. lie only keeps
back part of the truth. Should" he die
suddenly, nobody would be so unchari
table as to intimate that his taking-oil
was a punishment for constructive men
dacity, especially if he bo rich. It
woulil be apoplexy or heart disease, or
some other respectable malady, and the
stain which still hangs about the
memory of Ananias and Sapphira would
never cause his heirs, administrators
and assigns to hang their heads and
blush.
The landlord of tho summer hotel ad
vertises his finely appointed house, its
extensive views and its well-appointed
table; but advertising costs mouey, and
he cau not afford to pay for space in
which to tell of the malaria which rises
from the swamps down there in tho
hollow, or of the mosquitoes which
throng the air and bleed the guests
with a persistency almost equal to his
own. or of the fact that his "fresh"
vegetables are fresh only in the sense
that they are freh from tho can in
which the have been imprisoned a
twelvemonth, or of tho diphtheretic con
dition of the outbuildings, or of any one
of the many "oils" and -4outs" with
which he is only too familiar. He keeps
back part of tho truth. He does noth
ing more, nothing worse. And lie reads
the story of tho Biblical fibbers with
complacency, if not with contempt.
The doctor feels of your pulo and
gives you a dose. He does not tell you
you aro better off without medicine.
"Perhaps he goes so far as to not tell
you candidly that he doesn't know
what's tho matter with you. At all
events, he keeps back part of the truth.
The fate of his Scriptural prototypes
has no terrors for him.
But why waste words over a matter
that is apparent to all? In every pro
fession, art. craft, trado and occupation
you will find tho samo thing. Every
body, everywhere, no matter what he
be doing, or whether he be doing noth
ing at all. is engaged, more or less con
stantly. In keeping back part of tho
truth. And whoever hears of "death
by lying?' You will search the mor
tuary reports in vain for it among the
causes of deaths.
To be sure, there is one exception,
namely, the newspaper writer; but he
is the exception which proves the rule.
Boston Transcript.
a m
IN WASHINGTON.
The Republican Simplicity Which Is In
culcated by Constitutional Require
ment. The Constitutional requirement that
Congress must give its consent to' the
acceptance of foreijjn presents or hon
ors is an evidence of what foreigners
call our republican simplicity. This
spirit of "simplicity" pervades all our
institutions. The "people are not dis
posed to forget that they are the real
sovereign, and they require that the
management of their affairs shall be
open to inspection. The citizens from
the backwoods of the West, and the cit
izens from the classic streets of Boston,
may wander about the halls of Govern
ment with equal freedom and impunity.
The only restrictions arc those of pru
dence or necessity. An American should
not complain because ho is permitted
to roam through the vaults of the
Treasury only under the escort of a
guide. If he wishes to hear the debates
of Congress, a scat in the gallery is at
his-disposal.
That wo find "red tape" and exces
sive dignities in somo of our official cir
cles. I concede; but these are trifles as
compared with the tedious formalities
and pomp of other lands. Indeed, it is
only by such comparison that you can
properly estimate these features of
American equality.
Here we have no long line of servants
in livery and soldiers in uniform parad
ing within and without our public btfdd
ings. There is not a vestige of an army
around the White House, and about the
only livery the President sees is that
worn by his coachman when driving
through the streets of Washington, in a
very ordinary carriage, drawn by two
very ordinary horses. I have seen
President Grant gazing at the pictures
in the Capitol, and sauntering up the
avenue with the crowd, quite unpre
tentious and unconcerned even stop
ping to inspect the articles in a shop
window. And Justices of the Supreme
Court and Congressmen are frequently
encountered, and are as easy of ad
dress as the lads of the city, who.
also, when school is out and their labor
done,take their daily promenades on
that great thoroughfare. Edmund Al
ton, xn Si. Nicholas.
m m
By a provision in the laws of the
republic of Mexico it is said that all
persons not Mexicans are prohibited
from owning an estate within twenty
leagues of the boundary list.
THE ART OF EMBALMING.
The Modern Process Inferior to That Usa
In Ancient Egypt, bnt Gaining In
Favor. ,
Two men sat silent in a handsomely
furnished store on a leading New York
thoroughfare. A "small portion of the
furniture and ornaments pertained to
the living, the remainder to the dead.
It was an undertaker's establishment,
and the younger but more solemn per
son was a professional embalmer. In
answer to the reporter's questions he
said:
"General Grant's embalming was
work of the finest kind something to
be proud of. It was done by the leader
of our profession, and with the best
materials in the market There are
many mortuary directors who profess
to be embalmors, and who know a
smattering of the art; but they are un
wonliy of the name. Real embalmers
are few in number, there not being
more than ten in the entire country.
To be one an undertaker must have a
sufficient knowledge of s-mrgery, medi
cine and chemistry, and must also have
considerable art'stic sense. This makes
a rare combination.
The chief element in embalming
consists in removing a large portion of
blood from the body and substituting
therefor some powerful antiseptic fluid.
Many experiments have been made in
respect to these liquids. I can hardly
recall how many preparations have
been tried. Brine, salicylic acid, diluted
creosote, solutions of sulphate of zinc,
and ihe iodide and chloride of that
metal. You sec, the fluid used must bo
nearly colorless, or else verging on
blood color, and must not cause dis
colorat'on. This precludes tho use of
salts of copper, iron, manganese and
chromium, and also compounds of sul
phur. "A solution of chloride of zinc was
at one time in vogue, but in several
instances it produced a ghastly bluish
tinge, aud so went entirely out of
fashion. The so-called Egyptian fluid
was a standard preparation for years.
It was so named by its manufacturer,
who claimed it was the same liquid as
was used in preparing the mummies ol
Egypt. It was improved upon, how
ever, by some American chemists, who
now have a practical monopoly in sup
plying embalmers with the fluid. Their
manufacture is styled the Oriental fluid,
and is made in Boston.
"In embalming, a large vein and
largo artery are opened, and a small
force-pump, connected with a vessel
containing the antiseptic fluid, is ap
plied. The process requires from two
to four hours. The natural movement
of the circulation is followed. As the
fluid enters the vessels the blood is
forced out The longer the time the
belter the result A short time enables
the operator to remove the blood from
only the "larger vessels. In a longer
period the fluid passes from the larger
to the smaller vessels and into the
capillaries. This distends the skin and
produces a lifelike appearance.
"The cost of the process is from $15
upward. Embalming grows more com
mon every year. In the past thirty
months our establishment has embalmed
about two hundred subjects. We aro
still behind the ancients in our work.
In the main, a subject well treated lasts
three years. This is a fair average. It
would be larger if it were not for occa
sional cases in which the antiseptic
liquids seem to lose their efficiency.
There is, however, a distinguished
chemist in Italy who claims to petrify
a subject bv using some silicato prep
aration. Though I havo not seen the
process employed, yet I have been
shown specimens which resembled pet
rifications. "A second duty of tho embalmer is
the same as that of an undertaker, to
make tho subject as life-liko and nat
ural as possible. There is a division in
tho profession at this point. Somo en
deavor by art to restoro almost all the
characteristics of life; others merely
endeavor to remove the disagreeable
insignia of death. As for myself I think
it proper to couccal tho marks of
wounds, accidents, or disease. No art
can take away the horror of death. Its
excess makes death tho more terrible
by contrast.
"The embalmer runs the risk of dis
ease and blood-poisoning. A subject
once preserved and treated is innocuous,
but in the process the germs of the dis
ease from which he died are expelled in
vast numbers in the blood. The op
erator in such cases always runs tho
risk of contagion and infection.. Blood
poisoning is as apt to oceur to the em
balmer as to the surgeon. The danger
in all these cases, however, can be
guarded against. Those who are at
tacked are nine times out of ten ignorant
funeral directors, who call themselves
embalmers when they are not." N. Y.
Sun.
m a m
ICEBERGS.
Sussestlons Looking to Protection Against
Tliem.
Never were there so many icebergs
in the Atlantic as during last May aud
June. These were found as far south
as 39 degrees, and were in the line of
tho steamships that ply between Europe
and America. Navigation, therefore,
has been extra perilous, for the vapor
of iocbergs is foggy, and in the night
there is no means of gauging how near
the- are to a ship. The City of Berlin,
with 1,400 passengers, struck an iceberg
in the night, but she was saved from
destruction by Ber long bowsprit and
prow, an unusual appendage to a newly
built steam-vessel. Inventors have
recently been at work to find means of
protecting steamships from these col
lisions. Prof. Bell suggests that an
echo might tell of the proximity of an
iceberg, and commended the plan pro
posed by Mr. F. Delia Torre, of Balti
more, for cfleeting this object This was
tested on Chespeake Bay. The apparatus
consisted of a speaking-trumpet at
tached to the ruu..le of a musket, from
which blank cartridges were fired at
passing vessels. The experiment so far
succeeded that at a mile oft river steam
boats and pass'ng schooners returned
echoes at intervals proportionate to
their distance. Another apparatus em
ploys a bell for producing the sound,
and a large open vessel received, the
echo. The sound in this case was coa
veyed to the officer of the deck by tele-
Ehone. These and other inventions are
eing tested, and, if successful, they
will greatly reduce the danger of ice
berg collisions. Intense fogs and a
lower temperature are now the only
means of suggesting that a large ice
field is near. Steamships now plow
through the oceau at so rapid a pace
that a collision with an iceberg would
be certain destruction. There are other
ocean perils, such as abandoned vessels.
of which there are thousands afloat on
the ocean, a collision with any one of
which might sink a noble ship freighted
with human lives. DemoresVs Monthly.
a m
General S. had some shirts made at
a fashionable hosier's, and the cutter, a
few weeks later, met the General with
a friend walking in Broadway. The
General remembered tbe face, but could
not place him. and the cutter greeted
him with: "Good-morning, General.
How are you to-day?" Toe General
stopped, shook hands, and the cutter.
erceiving that the General's mind
needed refreshing, said, quietly: "Made
your shirts." "O. I beg pardon," said
the General quickly, and, turning to
the gentleman with whom he was walk
ing, he said: "Colonel, allow me to in
troduce you to my friend, Major
Icaurt"' AT. r. Ledger.
STREET HUCKSTERS.
Dow the Legitimate Members of the Pro
fesslon Are Undersold.
"There are honest and trustworthy
street hucksters as well as dishonest
ones," said a member of the profession
last week, "and with most of us huck
stering is as much of a regular business
as storekeeping or any other occupa
tion, and we have to preserve our rep
utations and keep the good opinion of
our customers the same as all kinds of
tradespeople. There is great rivalry,
too, among regular street hucksters,
and I know I have to keep my eye
skinned and my wits about me to pre
vent being double-banked by snides
j who go over my route ana try to under
sea me ana mase me uuuuKeepers mmr.
I am selling them stale truck at big
prices.
"The regular hucksters go down to
the wharf at a very early hour in the
morning and purchase from the pro
duce commission merchants the best
and freshest truck they have and pay a
good price for it and immediately go
on their daily routes. The other fel
lows go later in the day and buy up the
leavings and hawk, it about the streets
and at back gates as fresh truck. They
can sell for less than we can, but their
purchasers always get fooled.
"There has been a regular business for
many years of hiring out huckster
wagons. There are a number of "boss
hucksters," and some of them keep
twenty-five or thirty wagons. When a
man wants to try his fist at huckstering
he goes to one of the bosses aud hires a
horse and wagon. He pays from $1.75
to $2.50 per day. Sometimes they can
hire a wagon that has truck to sell in
it. and in that case he has to pay down
the value of the truck.
"A huckster's license costs ten dol
lars a year for one-horse wagons, and
fifteen" dollars a year for two-horse
wagons. Whenever a boss huckster
hires out a horse and wagon he makes
tho man who hires it pay twontv-Iivo
cents every day to go towards the license,
which the boss is supposed to pay him
self. The men who hire the wagons
out do not in reality pay any license for
them. fr they get the full or more than
the full amount from the men who do
tho wcrk. There are some twelve or
fifteen boss hucksters in the c'ty a'ui
they own from c'ght to thirty wagons
each. They make cons'derable money
and many of them are well off and owli
property."
"How much can a regular street
huckster make a day ?"
"In the summer time, if he attends
to business and has a fair run of
custcm, all the way from two to four
dollars. Hucksters do not make that
much in winter time, when fruit,
berries and some kinds of vegetables
are out of season. Hucksters work
only five days a week. Monday is the
huclcsters holiday and has been lor
yeats. "No fresh truck can be obtained
on Monday mornings, and housekeepers
generally lay in provisions enough on
Saturday to last over Sunday and Mon
day. "Nearly all the truck is bought of
commission men. for a regular huckster
knows he can always get fresh truck
from them and the fight kind of
measure. The farmers in the market
who sell truck wholesale are generally
looked upon with suspicion by huck
sters. The farmers do not sell by
weight, but by. measure, and a huck
ster often finds that the measure is
short There is plenty of skinning
going on all around in the huckstering
business, and tho regular huckster has
got to look out or he will find himself
euchered very often.
"Summer time is the huckster's best
season and I think I sell more tomatoes
than anything else and they last all
summer. When they are in season
watermelons, cantaloupes, peaches and
berries of all kinds sell very rapidly.
Tho smallest sales aro among crab
apples, grapes, pears and plums. Next
to tomatoes I think I sell more corn iu
summer than anything else."
"How about winter?"
"Nothing sells more rapidly in winter
timo than apples. I sell them right
along. Sweet potatoes .sell well in
winter and also oranges, lemons,
bananas and pineapples.
"A huckster is generally hard at
work from two o'clock iu the morning
until four o'clock in the afternoon and
when that timo comes my voice is husky
aud my throat sore from continuous
yelling in streets and alleys. I com
mence to holler at about six o'clock in
the morning and keep it up until three
or four o'clock, when 1 am usually
pretty well worn out I never heard
that there was any particular throat
disease among street hucksters. My
voice is always ready for the following
day." Philadelphia Times.
THE EYES.
What the Different Kind of Eyes Indi
cate Their Character.
Black eyes are indicative of passion
ate ardor and love.
Hasty, irritable persons have fre
quently eyes of a brownish tint, inclined
to a greenish hue.
Green eyes, although their praises aro
often sung in Spanish ballads, show de
ceit and coquetry.
Very dark blue eyes, with something
of the" tint of the violet, show great
power of affection and purity of mind,
but not much intellectuality.
The brown eyes which db not appear
black aro the eyes of sweet, gentle and
unselfish natures, without the ineon
sistancy of the light brown or yo'low
eyes "golden eyes," as they were
called by a lady novelist, and which aro
very little more to be trusted than tbe
green eyes.
Clear! l'?rht blue eyes, with a calm
steadfastness in their glance, are indi
cative of cheerfulness of disposition, of
a serene temper and a constant nature.
These eyes are peculiar to the Northern
nat'onsf one meets them among the
Swedes, and also sometimes among tne
Scotch.
The blue c es among the rare blondes
of the South that is, in Italy and Spain,
have among them eyes in " which are
some greenish tints; and such eyes,
though often called light blue, have
none of the qualities of serenity and
constancy which belong to the light blue
eyes of tho North.
" Although the purely green eye indi
cates deceit and coquetry, the propen
sity to greenish tints in the eye is a sign
of "wisdom and courage. Very choleric
persons, if they have 'blue eyes, have
also certain tints of green in them, and
when under the influence of anger a
sudden red light appears in them.
In England, where there are more
varieties of tints than in any other
oountry, the poets have almost always
gray eyes, A biographer of Byron
speaks of his "beautiful, changeful gray
eyes." Shakespeare also had, we are
told, gray eyes; Coleridge, eyes of a
greenish gray. Among the artists, too,
eyes of this color abound.
The pleasant light blue eye with the
honest glance must not be confounded
with another sort of eye of a pale blue,
almost steel colored hue, which has a
continually shifting sort of motion, both
of the eyelids and the pupils of the eye.
People with such eyes as these are to be
avoided, as they are indicative of a de
ceitful and selfish nature.
Gray eyes, of a somewhat greenish
gray, with orange as well as blue in
them, and which are of ever varying
tints like the sea, arc those which de
note most intellectuality. They aro
especially indicative of the impulsive,
impressionable temperament a mix
ture of the sanguine and the bilious
which produces Ae poetic and artistic
attires. T. Y. Herald.
MISCELLANEOUS.
The report of the South African
Postmaster General for tho yar 1831
shows that the weight of d amouds
which passed through thS posto'licc
during that year was 1,811 pouuds, eight
ounces.
It is sa'd that no man ever made an
impromptu speech with which he was.
entirely satisfied. The best way to
make an impromptu speech, and not
feel bad about it afterward, is to get
somebody to do it for you. Chicago
Ledger.
Some idea of the immigration to
Texas from the older Southern States
since the war. says the Laredo Times,
maybe had from the notices of reunions
of Alabama brigades. Georgia regi
ments. Virginia 'Black Horse." etc., in
various portions of Texas.
1 "Lenses of rock crv-tal taken from
the ruins of Nineve'i." sa'd a member
at the meeting of the micfoscopists, in
Cleveland, the other day, "suggests
that microscopes may have been used
in those days." No one knows, indeed,
who did invent the magnifying glass.
Doctors sometimes use ambiguous
language otherwise than in their pre
script'ons. as. for example, in the case
of one who writes to a friend in Rome
from a summer resort: -I am terribly
busy, but 1 hope to finish off all mv
patients in about a fortnight, and I shall
then take a good holiday."
Some of the soil in Manitoba, ana
lyzed, showe ! that the only element of
fertility tbrea i::iig to become deficient
was lime. T'i ; j rt:oa of nitrogen
was greate .i.i ..i tiie best English
pasture so 1- ad p dash and phos
phoric acid w.t.- a nuidant Magnes'a
was in large quant ty. which is impor
tant in tho raising of wheat Chicago
Herald,
Why is it that tho traveler will get
in a common Austrian or Bavarian
gas than a better cup of "morning
coffee" than he will lind in tho best
hotels of New York or Boston? Is it
that the "congtvgated plan" will not
apply to coffee making that is, you
can not make coffee by the gallon for
hundreds? Whatever "be tho reason
this is the ono great defect of tho
American hotel. A". Y. Times.
Balks of timber, artistically hol
lowed out. nicely packed with tobacco
and cigars and neatly closed at the
ends, are the latest thing out in Eng
land for smuggling purposes. Due of
these, plugged balks recently struck a
quay, was split open and inconsider
ately gave awav the secret of its inmost
being. A st'll "hunt for balks of timber
is now the favorite pastime of English
custom officers.
For some days past a band of gyp
sies have been encamped near Portland,
and several of them have ja'd us brief
visits. They say tliey have wandered
all over the "United States, the head of
the family having come here some
twelve years ago. A dark-browed
leader of the ba:id is a fortune teller.
She says she met Queen Victoria in the
Highlands of Scotland and told her for
tune. She was asked if they regarded
it as a high honor, and replied, "No.
my people were great when her people
were unknown, and then she only gave
me a shilling. Lewiston (Me.) Journal.
It is a common m'stake to regard
the term negro as synonymous with
Africa. The word negro docs not de
note a nation, but an ideal type consti
tuted by the assemblage "of cortain
physical characteristics exemplified in
the natives of certain portions of Africa
and their descendants in America aud
the West Indies. As a rule the preva
lent color in Africa is that of the Arab,
the Indian aud the Australian. The
true negro districts arc the Senegal, the
Gambia, the Nijjer and tho interme
diate rivers of the coast, parts of Su
dauia, Sennaar, Kardofan and Darfur.
Philadelphia Press.
-The area of Chatham, on Cape Cod.
which is quite popular as a summer ro
sort, grows smaller every year, tho on
slaught of the ocean, when storms pro
vail, br.'uking away the bluffaud wash
ing the sandv cliff into the ocean.
Where the man street of tho village
wits twenty years ago, tho surf of the
Atlantic foils. Several cottages of
fishermen and villagers, situated near
the bluff, have been undermined in
years past, and several buildings have
recently been abandoned as unsafe.
The original fishing hamlet is rapidly
going out to sea. aud the old villag
will be entirely obliterated before long
Boston Budget.
A BUTTERFLY STORY.
Mow Million of the Gay Infects Sur
prised a Picnic Party.
Yesterday afternoon about 4:30 o'clock
several lad'es who were on the bluff at
Windsor Bea-h. directly in front of
Cork's cottage, saw sweeping over the
lake and rapidly approaching them
what appeared to be a dark cloud
They were surprised and alarmed a few
minutes later when millions of large and
beautifully colored butterfl'cs passed
over their heads and settled upon the
branches of the trees, giving them a
br ght red appearance. The vis tor:
continued coming for half an hour and
covered everything upon which they
could rest extending up the river roail
for two or three miles and toward Char
lotte. As darkness came on tho butter
flies settled upon the trees for a night3
rest. The branches of the trees ben
under their united weight.
Henry Sonimers. son of T. A. Soni
mers. of this city, a student at Cornel!
University and an entomologist,
happened to bo present, and at once sot
about catching specimens of the butter
flies. He stated that they were what
are called milk-weed butterflies; that
most all of them mut have been
hatched tho same morning, and that
they came from the Canada shore,
where there are quantities of milk-weed.
They had evidently been eight or tec
hours in crossing, flying before the
wind, which was a little east of north.
Mr. Soinmers, with his entomoIojjM
swing net at one stroke caught one
hundred that had settled upo i a small
twig. Just before dark, with two oi
three sweeps of the net, only ten inches
in diameter at the mouth, he caught
from the branch of a tree fully ono
thousand of the butterflies. The" tree3
looked as though they kid been blighted
by a heavy frost. "The Summervillo
cottagers, who were holding their picnic
at Cork's cottage, were greatly inter
ested at the hpectaclc. The childrer
caught tho inects bv the hatfull.
Uochcsler (N. Y.J Herald.
m a
Words of Advice.
An Eastern paper, the Academy
yews, having asked a number of dis
tingu'shed persons to write for its
columns a few words of advice to boys
received, among other answers, the
following: Dr. Lyman Abbott: "What
soever thy hand finds to do. do it with
my migni. z.. v. Koe: "Do one thing
honorably and thorough v and set about
it at once." Ex-President Hayes:
"Commit to memory and recite Brown's
letter to a young friend." General
Lyon: "No one will ever become a
great scholar without constant study,
close application, and without
thoroughly understanding that which
he may attempt before passing it by to
take up something else." General
Winfield S. Hancock, among other
things: "Be truthful, never try to ap
pear what you are not honor your
father and your mother." Rev. E. E.
Hale: "Tell tbe truth. Keep the Com-
mananients. Do not drink. If you
nave anyuung to say, say it; bat if
certainly not"
SCHOOL AND CHURCH.
The compulsory education law is a
failure in New York, according to Com
missioner Peck, of the State Labor
Bureau. Ar. Y. Tribune.
Edinburgh is probably the most
thoroughly Presbytcriau city in tho
world. Out of a total of ISl" churches
124 are Presbyterian.
No fewer than 157 professors at
German universities are between the
ages ot seventy and ninety, of whom
the greater part still lecture. Banke.
at ninety, is the oldest
A clergyman has been making cal
culations, and announces as the start
ling result that all the salaries of re
ligious teachers in the country do not
amount to so much as the sum spent
annually in supporting dogs. Christian
at Work.
New York has b4 Catholic churches.
Chicago 55. Brooklyn 46, Philadelphia
45. St Louis 43. Boston 38. Cincinnati
36. New Orleans 2J, Baltimore 28,
Cleveland 25, San Francisco and uis
ville 21 each. Detroit 18, Buffalo and
Albany IS each.
The masters of the great English
public schools complain of the imperfect
religious training which boys bring
with them from home. Even those
who come from conspicuously religious
families are found ignorant of the com
monest facts in Scripture.
Two women have been elected to
the vestry of an Episcopal church in
Delaware, and Bishop Steven has de
cided that they are eligible under the
law. This is the first instance in which
women have been elected to such a
Sjsltion either in this couutry or in
ngland. Zion's Advocate.
Prince Bismarck has had his birth
day testimonial fund converted into a
trust fund to be used for the benefit of
young teachers of all classes who have
finished their studies but have not yet
been able to secure a living; also for
monetary assistance to active teachers,
to enable them to educato their own
ckildren.
The Christian Advocate, being asked
by a cdrrespondont: "What is tho ob
ject intended by the Apostle James in
ordering that tho sick, when the elders
of the church go to pray with them,
shall be anointed with oil in the name
of tho Lord?" replies that "the passage
plainly means 'Is any sick among you?
Let him call for the elders of tho church,
and let them pray over him, using the
Best medical skill in the name of the
Lord.' "
The commencement exercises at
the various colleges of the country show
that the disposition on the part of
alumni to rally about their respective
"benign mothers" on these occasions,
inereases with each year, and the col
leges aro not backward in doing those
of their children who have done well in
the world due honor. The considera
tid:i shown a successful man by the
faculty and students of h:s old college
im ono of the sweetest things he ever
finds in life. Chicago Current.
A uniform has been assigned to the
students of the Russian univcrslt'es. the
wearing of which will bo obligatory. It
will consist of a cap. single-breasted
frock-coat and dark green trousers.
The cap, collar and cuffs of the'eoat
are to be of dark bluo. the cuffs to havo
a broad band of gold laco. It is sup
posed that as the bulk of Russian uni
versity students come from poor classes,
tho object of prescribing a uniform and
adding to their expenses must be to
throw a fresh difficulty in tho way of
very poor people taking to an academi
cal career.
PUNGENT PARAGRAPHS.
A man will never reach the top of
tho ladder if he carries a brick in his
hat. W7titeIiall Times.
Mrs. Oscar Wilde has two babies to
look after now the new boy infant aud
the ono she married. Philadelphia
Press.
Some one wants to know what is
more disagreeable than a woman with
a crying baby. Tho answer to this is
"the baby." Hartford Sunday Jour
nal. Love and burglars have some things
in common. The both laugh it lock
smiths, and thoy both have a good deal
of Cupidity about them.
Scientists say that all tho water on
the earth will dry up in 10,000.000
years. Most of our milkmen will be
able to accumulate a fortune during the
interval. Philadelphia Call.
"The best way of sobering up is to
bathe the head and wrists in cola water
and take a potion of bromide of potas
sium and aromatic ammonia or valer
ian." Only one better; don't get
drunk. Buffalo Express.
Mrs. Montaguo Do you sing, Mr
De Lyle? Mr. De Lyle (with a superior
smile) I belong to the college glee
club. Mrs. Montaguo (disappointed)
O, I'm so sorry, I hoped that you sung
N. Y. Times.
"I pay my hired mansixteen dollarn
a month and found." said old Blodget
"And found," interrupted his niece.
"What do you mean by that? How do
yon find him?" "Why," replied the
old man. "if he doesn't know I'm
comin' I generally find hjra either asleep
or with his arms around the hired girl.
The Judge.
"Is your pa at home, little girl?"
"Yes sir"; do you wish -to see him?"
"Yes." "But'you won't know him if
von do see himl" "Why, what's the
matter?" "Well, youseo, out in the
couutry, on our farm, a man and hi.i
wife got to lighting, and pa he tried to
stop them." "O. indeed!" "Yes,
3'ou'd better call again. You wouldn't
know pa now. Chicago Journal.
"Why did you sell your oxen?" said
Dobyn to a colored farmer. "Well,
boss" I took er notion dat I wanted to
jine de church." "What difference
did that make?" "What difference dat
make! Boss, did yer eber dribe steers?"
"I never did." "Den yer can't
un'erstan' de sitwation; but I'll tell yer,
boss, steers hab mighty little 'spect for
'ligion. Dey don't know nothin' but
cuss words." Boston Post.
A running moral.
A man may go spinning along-.
Like a bicyclist sinjcinjjr a soar.
Ajid though be looks stately and tall
May bo just on the edge of a fall.
And this moral the cycle conveys.
Be modest and sweet in your ways.
Ilecanse if you happen to get a sad pitch
You'll find friends to help you right out ot
the ditch.
Button Budget.
An editor lay in an unconscious
condition, and for some timo it was
feared that he was dead. "Can't you
rouse him. doctor?" was anxiously
asked. "No," the phvsician replied.
"I fear that life is extinct" Then the
editors assistant bent over and
whispered in his ear: "A gentleman
wants to put an advertisement in the
paper." Immediately the unconscious
man's face showed signs of returning
life, and struggling to a sitting posture,
he said feeblv: "How many lines?"
N. Y. Journal.
A Dangerous Man.
Colonel Yerger was detected by his
wife looking at himself in the glass
with a most ferocious expression, and
trembling, all over.
"Colonel, what are you trembling
about?"
"Don't bother me."
"Why, you are making faces as if you
had the colic. Charles, are you sick?
What are you afraid of?"
Tm nearly scared to death when I
think what fearful glances I would cast
around me if I were only the Czar oj
BMgia " Teau 8iftin.
USE
HALLS hair
RENEWER
It Is a medietas! preparation, aud, a'
the same timo, an elegant r.nd e'eauly toiu-t
article. Its action upon the scalp ii health
ful. It nourishes the glands which support
the hair, end cause thin, dry hair to be
come thick, soft, and vigorous. It restores
tbe color of youth to locks which have
become faded with age or tliiease; and
relieves and cures itching, caused by
humonnof the scnlp. Dr. Georje Gray,
Nashua, X. II., writes: "It givci i:ie
pleasure to testify to the wonderful effects
produced by nail's Vegetable Sicilian Hair
Benewcr, as observed by me in very rouny
cases. It wru. cektaixly KEsronn
THE IUIll TO ITS OMGIX.1L COLOR. It
cleanses the head of dandruff, aud leaves
the hair soft, glossy, and beautiful." F. T.
Sandhein, 1010 Spruce .st., Philadelphia.,
Pa., writes : " After unavailing!-1 ryuij:
a number of preparations to preveut my
hair from falliug out, and. realizing that I
was fast becoming bald, I tried, as a Iv-t
resort, Hall's Ilair Rene wer. I have u?od
only four bottles of the Rcncwcr, aud am
perfectly satisfied that H U tho Iet iroju
ration in the market for elicck:ij the
falling out of hair, iavigorsthrj t'-i iiair
roots, and promoting a new growili."
Buckingham's Dye
FOU THK
WHISKERS
commends itself to all who have occasion
to ue a dye for the beard or inu"tacbc.
It will change gray, faded, or sandy
whiikers, to a beautiful brown or l!.!c!.,
as desired. The colors produced :.rs
natural and lasting. It cannot 13 v.-:ihiM
off, contains no destructive inured! !.,
is cheap, safe, convenient to u- ?R!
effectual.
FKKPAKKD II V
R. P. HALL So CO., Nashua, H. H., TJ. A
Sold by all dealers in tucdicku-'.
COAL & LIME!
J.E. NORTH & CO..
DEALKUS IX
Coal,
Lime,
Hair,
Cement.
Cork Spin Coal,
CarboH (Wyoming) L'oal..
Eldon (town) l'oal
...$7.00 prr ton
.... 6.00 "
.... r).00
Blacksmith Coal of best quality al
ways on hand at low
est prices.
North Side Eleventh St.,
COLUMBUS, NEB.
ii.:;m
LOUIS SCHKEIBER,
II
All kinds or Repairing done on
Short Notice. Biggies, Wag
ons, etc., made to order,
and all work Guar
anteed. Alto sell the world-famous Walter A.
Wood Mowers, Reapers, Combin
ed Machines, Harvesters,
and Self-hinders the
best made.
MTShop oppoaite the ' Tattersall," on
Olive St., COLUMBUS. 26-m
Denver to Chicago,
Denver to Kansas City,
Denver to Omaha,
Omaha to Chicago,
Kansas City to Chicago,
Omaha to St. Louis,
BEST LINE
PROM
WEST TO EAST!
SURE CONNECTIONS
LOW RATES
BACCACE CHECKED THROUGH.
I
Through tickets over the Burling-;
ton Route are for sale by the Union
Pacific, Denver &. Rio Grande and '
all Oiner principal railways, ana
by all agents of the "Burlington
Route."
Fer further information, apply to
any agent, or to
P. S. EUSTIS.Gen'lTk'tAg't,
OM.VlIA.NEB
WewspapER
ftmrcnTioiMe'
A hook of 100 rac.
Th lMHt I took for an
. advertiser to con-
'sult, be be exper
ienced or otherwise.
ngLMW
Itcontrtlns lists of newspapers and estimates
of the costof iidvertislnff.The ad vertiser who
wants to spend one dollar, finds in Ittheln
formation he requires, -while forbini who will
lavest one hundred thousand dollars in ad-YerUaiitfl-.
a scheme is indicated which will
meet his every requirement, or can be made
to de$o by flight changes easily arrivedat bycor
rt&ondence. 119 editions bave been issued.
Sent, post-paid, to any address for 10 cents.
Write to GEO. F. BOWELI. CO..
NEWSPAPER ADVERTISED BUREAU.
(W3wae3LPilJBttBgItoue3"f.), New York.
Blacksffllai Wen Maker
GO TO
A. & I. TURNER'S
BOOK AND
MUSIC STORE
-FOU THE
BEST GOODS
-AT-
The Lowest Prices!
CONSULT THE FOLLOWING ALPHA
BETICAL LIST.
AS. HI! MM. Arithmetics. Arnold Ink.
(treniiiiii"). Alsflirax. Autograph Al
bum, Alphabet K ock-., Author's C'artli,
Ark. AeeoruVoin, Abstract I.cal Cap.
RRIJNIIfrlV. Kakcts.Uahy Toys. Hooks
KiMes.. Hells tor I oys, itlank look
ltirtbtl'iy CanK, 1'asket Buirsjies. boy's
Tool-chest. Hall. Hanker. Tases,
boy' Wagon. Sleils and Wheelbar
row., Hutcber Hook. Hra-cdi;cd Uu
ler. Hill -books, Hook Strip. lUe
Hall aud Hat.
4'Aillli. Card. Calling Cards. Curd
Cae Comb.s. Comb Cuc. Cigar Ca-
ses. Checker Hoard. Children's Chair,
Cups and Saucers fancy) Circulating
Library. Collar and Cut!' Ho.ve. Copy
Hooks "Christinas Card. Chinese Toys,
Crayons, Checkers. Chess-men, Crojue j
sets.
lMirtll-IMTIC Sewing Machines. Draw
ing Paper. Dressing Cases, Drums,
Diaries, Drafts iu books, Doll, Dressed
Doll, Dominoes, Drawing books.
i:.lTKI.OI,i:S, Klcment.try school
books, Erasers (blackboard). Erasers
( rubber).
I'lC'-riO: Hooks, Flor.il Albums, Fur
niture polish.
4aKAitl.IAK!X, ('coirraphics. Ceouic
tries.Olove boxe. toy (!uus,( roscopes
(to illustrate the law's of motion).
IIAREirS Headers. h.iudouie lloli
da gilt. IIanu-Klasi.es. Hobby-horses,
Hand-satchel. Histories.
rli.N. (.ill good kind and colors). Ink
stand (common and fancy).
Ji:Wi:i. Cases, .lews harp.
KI-HJM or ink, Kitchen set.
I.KIftCiEKN, Ledger paper. Legal cap.
Lunch baskets, LookiuggIasis.
."lAXOr & Hamlin Organs, .Magnets,
Music boe, Maga.ines, Mustache
cups. Mouth organs, .Memorandum,
Music books. Music holders. Machine
oil. Mats, Moderator's records, Muci
lage, .Microscopes.
KI'UI.IL for sewing machines. Note
paper.
OK(iA.S, Oil for seuin ni.-.t liine,
Organ stools. Organ seats.
lt:KIOIIAI,i. l'icturc. I'uilc
blocks. l're.sen's, l'icturc books. 1'ianos,
1'ciis, 1'apctrics, I'cncil. I'urcs. Pol
ish for riirnitim-. Pamphlet rises. Paper
cutter. Paper listvnei. Picture puz
zle. Picture frames. Pocket books.
Perfumery aud Perfumery rases, Paper
racks, Pencil holders.
SCi:U'AICI cards, Uubbcr bails, Uub
ber doll.
SCHOOL book, Sewing stand, School
Satchel. Slates, Stereoscopes and pic
turc.Sj Scrap books. Scrap pictures,
Sew imr machine needles. Scholar's com
panions, Specie purse. Singing toy
canaries, Med for boys, Shawl strap",
Shell goods.
'rKI.ILM'Ol:. Toys of all kinds,
children's Trunks, Thermometer,
Tooth brushes (folding). Tea sets for
gills. Tool chests for boys, Ten-pin set
for bojs, Tooth picks, Tin toys.
VIOI. 1.4 and strings, Vases.
WOOIIIKIIUt: Or-.ms. Work bas
kets, Waste baskets, Whip (with
case), Webster's dictionaries, Weather
glases. Work boves, Whips for ,
Wagons for boys. What-nots, Wooden
tooth pick.
Eleventh Street, "Journal" Building.
Cures Guaranteed!
DR. WARN'S SPECIFIC No. 1.
A Certain Cure for Nervous Debility,
Seminal Weakness, Involuntary Emis
sion', Spermatorrhea, aud all diseases of
the geiiito-urinary orgaus caused by aelf
abusu or over indulgence.
Price, $1 DO per box, oiv boxes i.(M).
DR- "WARNS SPECIFIC No. 2.
For Epileptic FitH, Mental Anxiety,
Losh of Memory, Softening of tbe itrain,
and all those diseases of the brain. Prixe
r 1 .0) per box, six boxes $r.U0.
DR- WARN'S SPECIFIC No. 3.
For Impotence, Sterility in either sex,
Loss of Power, premature old age, and all
those diseases requiring a thorough in
igorating of the sevual organs. Prico
fiiK) per box, six boxes $10.00.
DR. WARN'S SPECIFIC No. 4.
For Headache, Nervous Neuralgia, and
all acute diseases of the nervous .system.
Price ."0c per box, six boxes $i"0.
DR. WARN'S SPECIFIC No. 5.
For all diseases caused by the over-Use
of tobacco or liquor. This remedy is par
ticularly efficacious in averting palsy and
delirium tremens. Price $1.00 per 'kv,
six boxes $.1.00.
We Guarantee a Cure, or agree to re
fund double the money paid. Certificate
iu each box. This guarantee applies to
each of our live Specifics. Sent by mail
to any address, secure from observation,
on receipt of price. Be careful to mention
the number of Specific wanted. Our
specifics are only recommended for spe"
cilic diseases. Beware of remedies war
ranted to cure afl ttiee diseases with one
medicine. To avoid counterfeit and al
ways secure tile genuine, order only from
DOWTY V CHI.-.:,
DL'UGGISTS,
10-1 Columbus, Neb.
Health is Wealth!
De E. U-WzsT'a Nekth and nn.u Tntir
iTErr, a Rnamntoed specific for Hysteria. Dim
ness, Convulsions, Fits. NerTOua- Neuralgia.
Headacho. Nervous Prootrntion caused by tho nsa
of alcohol or tobacco. Wakefulness. Mental Do
pressiou. Hot tonins of tho Urain resulting in in
sanity and leading to misery, decay and death.
Premature Old Ak. Barrenness. Loci of power
in either box. involuntary Losses andSpennat
orrhtra caused byover-oxertion of tho brain, seir
abuso or over-indulgence. Each box contains
ono month's treatment. $1X0 n box.or six boxes
for$3X0,bcntbymail prepaiuoa receipt oipncw.
TVE GUARANTEE HIX. BOXES
To euro any case. With each ordor received byns
for six boxes, accompanifsl with 33XO. wo will
end tho purchaser our written guarantee to re
laud tho money it the treat men t does no Coffees
acuru. Guarantees issued only by
JOHN O. WEST & CO.,
862 W. MADISON ST., CHICAGO, ILLS.,
Sole Prop's West's Liver Pills.
S500 REWARD!
JfE will pT tiftitmrrwnri for may tut et Itrrr CeotfiMf
P-fiprrtla, Sick lltadacha. ImllcutJoa, Cooitipatloa or Co.tIn.a,
t 03301 nra with Wnt'a VrpUbU Ltnr IcHUm. wbro th dir.o
llcaiin UrlcUj coapi.c4 wllh- Tbtytr pur. If npuUt.uJ
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Ulttlaf JO pM,iSt.nU. jrr tal by all draft. Br-f.ol
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JOHN C. WIST CO.I3I A U3 W. HfcJi 3L. CJuojo-
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