THE JOURNAL.
ISaUUD KVEKY WEDNESDAY,
JU. KI. TURNER So CO.,
Proprietors and Publishers.
TES P AEHT1MJ! C
tiCofiitto
0ipl
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dollars.
13 For time advertisements, apply
at this office.
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rates
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TERMS:
Per year ...
Six months
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Single copies.
VOL. XV.-NO, 12.-
COLUMBUS, NEB., WEDNESDAY. JULY 16, 1884.
WHOLE NO. 740.
(The
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io
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93
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iT
BUSINESS CABDS.
D.T. ii lUTOf, M. D. F. J. 5CHCG, M. D.
Drs. MAETYH & SCHTJG,
0. S. Examining Surgeons,
Lr.- il Siimeou-. rnlon I'a.'idc. O.. X.
.V D. H. and tt.jt M. U. K'.
r't.iiMiltation hi Genu m ami Knuli-lt
Telephone-, nt rtice ami re-.itlen.-tfi.
COLUMBUS. - NEBRASKA.
J2-
P.
ioi 4.'iii:ie tv, 31. i .
yi wr.i V .c sriiGEOx.
JJtT"ni. - M-i-onil il.xir ci"tof po-t-oluV.-.
51 -
J.'
1VII-SO. Ji. !..
i'y 1 .sr.-i.v . .siugeox.
II-eae of women anil chlMreii a pe
ciallj. 'uniy ili"i-iaii. Office former-
y occupied by Dr. Itnui-teel. Teh-phone
;X-ll3Ile.
o
I.I.A ASHISAI'GII, l. U..
jtEyi.u. r a 1:1.0 it.
On corner of Kit .nth ami N'orth treel-,
ot-r Krii-i- hardware sU-rc.
C
loitr.uj''' -v -5;-i.iva..
A TTOEXE YS-A T-LA W,
T,,..t-iir-in!lu.-k lluihlin-, lltb -treet,
AI.i.m- the Ni Itiuk.
rr .1. iil'iiO,
XOTAHY run LIC
lit!. Mrrrl.S .loori tirsl or lUmmond How,
C.l'tMhus. Xrl. ,31-y
rpsujRsro: a- pomkiw.
.? p nu fox DEXTISTS,
J2T Office Mitchell Clock, Colum
Im. Sebra-ka. ""
j . Ki:r.ii:it,
' a ttorxe r -i r -1 ir,
Office on Olive t.. Columbus Nebraska,
i-tf
V. A. MACKEN,
HKALKR IX
Forciun "fid Domestic Liquors and
Cigars.
lltb -trect, Columbus Neb. .o-y
-IfcALLMTEB URON.,
A TTOHXEYS A T LA W,
Office un-tair in McAllister's build
iujr lltb t. V. A. McAlli-ter, Notary
Public.
J, M. MACKARLAND.
n. K. cowdkry.
LAW AND fOLLKlTlOX OFFICE
OK
M ACFARiiAND & COWDBR7,
Cotamfctrf. : : ' Nebraska.
(Sucee-M.r to Dr. CO. A. Uullborst)
HOMEOPATHIC PHYSICIAN AND
SUE G EON.
Regular graduate of two medical col
lege"! 1 Hiiro Olive St., one-half block
no"rtb .f Hammond Home. --!'
J. J. MAl'ttllA.,
Justice, County Surveyor, Xotary,
Land and' Collection Agent.
5T Parties de-iriMg -urveyin;; done can
uolifv me bv mtil at 1'l.itte Centre, Neb.
r.l-in
T ll.Krt'UI
llth St., opposite Lindell Hotel.
Sells Harness. Saddles. Collars, "Whips,
"Claukets. I urrv Comb-, Bruihes, trunks,
valises, buicu'v'top-, cu-bions, carriage
triminiuv". .Vc at the lowest possible
prices. Kepair- pr. inplly attended to.
$66
a week at home. $.. outfit
free. Pav ab.olntelr -ure. No
ri-k. Capital n-t reiuired.
Header, if vou want business
at which person- of either sox. ouni; or
old, can make reat pay all the time they
work. "with ab-oluie certainty, write for
particular.- to II. llALi-Kr A. Co., Port
land, Maine.
GEORGE SP00NEK,
COX TEA CTOIi FOR ALL K1XDS OF
JJ.sO-V W'OEK.
Office, Thirteenth St.. between Olive
and Nebraska Avenue. Kesidence on the
corner of Eighth and OHe.
AJ1 Work Gtiai"nnteol.
4-tf
JS. MUKDOCK & SON,
Carpenters and Contractors.
Have bad an extended experience, and
will guarantee sati-faction in work.
All kinds of repairing done on short
notice. Our motto is, Oood work and
fair price. Call and ive u an oppor
tunitytoestimateforyou. GTSbop on
13th St., oue door west of Friedhof .fe
Co's. .tore, Columbus. Nebr. S3-v
o. c. sBLAsnsrojsrT
MANUFACTURER OF
Tin and Sheet-Iron Ware !
Job-Work, Roofing and Gutter
ing a Specialty.
tSShop on Eleventh Street, opposite
Heintz's Drue Store. 4-y
G
W. CLARK,
LAND AND 1XSUIIAXCE AGENT,
HUMPHIiEY,XEBi:.
His lands comprise some tine tracts
In the Shell Creek Valley, and the north
ern portion ot Pl.-tte county. Taxes
pid for non-resident.-. Satisfaction
guaranteed. 20 y
c
ei,U3f RUS PACKING CXK,
COL UJfB US, - 2TEB.,
Packers and Dealers in all kinds of Hog
product, cash paid for Live or Dead Hog
or grease.
Dirtctors.R. H Henry, Prest.; John
Wiggins, Sec and Treas.; L. Gerrard, S.
Cory.
TAXES SAIjMOX,
CONTRACTOR AND BUILDER.
Plans and estimates supplied for either
frame or brick buildings. Good work
guaranteed. Shop on 13th Street, near
St. Paul Lumber Yard, Columbus, Ne
braska. 52 6mo.
TOTICK TO TKACHKRS.
J. E. M oncrief, Co. Sspt.,
Will be in hie office at the Court Hoaie
on the third Saturday of each,
raoata for the purpose of exaaiaiar
applicants for teacher's certificates, aaa
for the transaction of aay other busiacM
ptrtaialag to schools. 567-y
COLUMBUS
STATE BANK!
3?::usa:t9 Simri ft XmI sal Ttrztt a Salst.
COLUMBUS, HEB.
C A STI C A PI TA L, - $50,000
DUiECTOnS:
LsCANHER (iKIiUAUD, Prcs'l.
Uko. V. Rdlst, Vice Pres't.
Julius A. Reed.
Eqwaud A. Gekraud.
J. E. Taskku, Cashier.
Raak of VepMil IMmohhi
aid EtchamRf.
CoIIectioaiM Promptly lade o
Jill PolBtM.
Vwlj latrrext m Time Depo
ItM. 274
U.J. IHIKUKRT.
Csiiisr.
IRA B. BRICni.K,
-171113-
CITIZENS' BANK !
HUMPHREY, NEB.
J3Prompt attention given to Col
lections. JSTPay Interest on time deposits.
rSTInsurance. Passage Tickets and
Real Estate Loans. "-tf
LINDSAY &TREKELL,
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
FLOOR AND FEED STOi!
OIL CAKE,
CHOPPED FEED,
Bran, Shorts,
BOLTEI i IH8LTE1 CHI MEAL.
GRAHAM FLOUR,
AND FOUR KINDS OF THE BEST
WHEAT FLOUR ALWVYS
ON HAND.
13TA11 kinds of FIU ITS in their sca
ou. Orders promptly tilled.
11 tli Street Columbus, Nelr.
47-Um
HENRY G-ASS,
tjn:de:rt-Ak:e:r i
COFFINS AND METALLIC CASES
AND DEALER IX
Furniture, Chairs, Bedsteads, Bu
reaus, Tables, Safes. Lounges,
&c. Picture Frames and
Mouldings.
p'Eepairiaff of all kinds of Upholstery
Goods.
ttf
COLUMBUS. NKK.
GOLD
for the working class
Send 10 cents for postage.
aDd we will mail yourf
a royal, valuable box of
sample goods that will put you in the way
of making more money in a few days than
you ever thought possible at any busi
ness. Capital not required. AVe will
start you- You can work all the time or
in spare time only. The work is univer
sally adapted to both sexes, young and
old." You can easily earn from Tx) cents to
i every evenimr." That all who want
work may test the business, we make
this unparalleled ofl'er; to all who are not
well satisfied we will seud $1 to pay Tor
the trouble of writing Us. Full particu
lars, directions, etc., sent free. Fortunes
will be made by those who trive their
whole time to the work. Great success
absolutely sure. Don't delay. Start now.
Address Stinsox fc Co., Portland, 31 alue.
A WORD OF WAatariXG.
ITARilERS, stock raisers, and all other
. interested parties will do well to
remember that the 'Western Horse and
Cattle Insurauce Co.' of Omaha is the
onlv company doing business in this state
that insures Horses, Mules and Cattle
aainst loss by theft, accident., diseases,
or injury, (as also against loss by fire and
lightning). All representations by agents
of ather Companies to the contrary not
withstanding. HENRY GARN, Special Ag't.
15-v Columbus, Neb.
NO HUMBUG!
But a Grand Success.
RP. BRIGHAM'S AUTOMATIC WA-
ter Trough for stock, lie refers to
every man who has it in use Call on or
Ieve orders at George Yale's, opposite
Oeh Inch's grocery. tMJin
J. WAGKNER,
Liven and Feed Stable.
Is prepared to furnish the public w'th
pood teams, buggies and carriages for all
occasions, especially for funerals. Also
conducts a sale stable. 44
LYQNjfcHEALYf
IRST
National Bank !
cor.
Aitfcerizei Capital,
Paid li Capitol,
Sirplis aid Prolt?,
$250,000
50,000
- 6,000
OFFICKKS AND DIRECTORS.
A. ANDERSON, Pres't.
SAJPL C. SMITH. Vice Preset.
O.T. ROEN, Cashier.
.1. V. EARLY.
HERMAN OEHLRIC1I.
AW A. MCALLISTER.
G. ANDERSON.
P. ANDERSON.
Foreign and Inland Exchange, Passage
Tickets, anu Real Estate Loaus.
Sl-vol-13-ly
COAL LIME!
J. E. NORTH & CO.,
DEALERS IN
Coal,
Lime,
Hair,
Cement.
Rock Spin; Coal,
Carbon (Wyoming) Coal.
Ehloii (Iowa) Coal
.$7.00 per Ion
.. G.Ot) "
...3.50 "
Blacksmith Coal of best quality al
ways on hand at low
est prices.
North Side Eleventh St.,
COLUMBUS, NEB.
1441m
UNION PACIFIC
LAND OFFICE.
Improved and Unimproved Farms,
Hay and Grazing Lands and City
Property for Sale Cheap
AT THE
Union Pacific Land Office,
On Long Time and low rale
' of Interest.
ISTFinal proof made on Timber Claim-,
Homesteads and Pre-emptions.
33?-A!l wishing to buy lands of any d. -scription
will please call and examine
my list of lands before looking else where
J3T-MI having lands to sell will pleae
call and give me a description, t-rm ,
prices, etc.
J5TI a o am prepared to injure prop
erty, as I have the agenry of several
tirst-class Fire insurance compmies.
F. AW OTT, Solicitor, speaks German.
SAHIIEL CSJIITH,
.".0-tf ; r Columbu-, Nebra-ka.
BECKER & WELCH,
PROPRIETORS OF
SHELL CREEK HILLS.
MANUFACTURERS AND WHOLE
SALE DEALERS IN
FLOUR AND MEAL.
OFFICE, COL UMIi US, NEE.
SPE1CE & NORTH,
General Agents for the Sale of
REAL ESTATE.
Uniou Pacific, and Midland Pacific
R. R. Lands for sale at from $3.00 to $10.00
per acre for cash, or on five or ten years
time, in annual payments to suit pur
chasers. We have also a large and
choice lot of other lands, improved and
unimproved, for sale at low price and
on reasonable terms. Also business and
residence lots in the city. We keep a
complete abstractor title to all real es
tate in Platte County.
621
COLUMBLX, HEH.
LOUIS. SCHREIBEE.
BlacMaiflWapiMte
All kilo's f Refaiiiig deie ei
Siert Netiee. Biggies, Wag-
is, etc, aiaie to trder,
aid all work Giar-
aiteed.
Also sell the world-uuis Walter A-
bwws. leaven, Ceabin-
ed artim. Earn
ami Setf-Buden-the
"Shop opposite the "TattersaU." on
OUreStCOLUMJUS. a-n
BONNET OF BONNET.
THXBOXXBT.
rm a charming Easter bonnet.
And I nourish in the Spring.
When, with many a soulful sonnet
Poets of my praises sin?;
I'm as neat as a daisy,
I make ail the airls crazr.
J And the ladles confess Tm a cute little thins.
SHS WHO WEABS IT.
What a darling-, precious bonnet.
With Its pretty buds and bows I
I have set my heart upon it.
For Its handsome as a rose.
It makes me look girlish.
Dut my "hub" wilt be churlish
When ho gazes upon the big- bill, I suppose.
nr who pats for rr.
Fifty dollars for a bonnet!
Well, that really knocks me flat;
'or the Huffy stuff that's on It
Is enough to scare a cat.
No wonder there's swearing
When women are wearing
A postage-stamp head-gear and call it a hat.
y. Y. Journal.
WATER IN THE DESERT.
Tfce not Priceless Treasure of Life
to the Arab Some or the Desperate
StreesleM Tor It PoseIo Fight
las for the Wells In the Soudan.
The Soudan campaign, from lirst to
last, has been a comment on the vast
value of water in the East. One of the
most terrible episodes ever recorded in
history is the flight of the Torgote Tar
tars from the Russian frontiers to those
of China, about a century ago. Through
out this awful journey across the path
less, waterless desert" the Bashkirs and
Khirghises followed on the heels of the
dying Kalmucks, and the continuous
trail of corpses told a fearful story of
the unceasing conflict ami perpetual
massacre. The desperate persistence of
the escaping hosts in pushingt on was
equaled by the frenzied cruelty of those
who pursued them, until the scenes of
carnage and brutality that ensued was
such tnat it seemed as if "a nation of
madmen were flying before a nation of
fiends." But th"e horrible climax was
only reached at the end of their two
thousand miles of disastrous pilgrimage,
when after a loss of four hundred
thousaud of their number, the Kalmucks,
mad from thirst, came in sight of the
lake of Tengis. Hundreds of the pur
suers and pursued had already lost their
reason from their dreadful suflerings.
Thousands were being borne along upon
camels and horses, helplessly exhausted
bv two davs' want of water. But as
soon as the lake came in view the Bash
kirs and Kalmucks alike seemed to for
get their pitiless hatreds, and the vast
hosts, reduced now to about two hundred
thousand, rushed in a body with frantic
eagerness to the anticipated solace. In
DeQuincey's terrific pages the story is
told with consummate tragic force. The
Chinese Emperor, happening with a
force of cavalry to be at the very spot,
saw what washappening, and sent out
his solders to protect his returning sub
jects. But there was time enough
before the horsemen reached the scene
for one of the most ferocious conflicts
ever recorded against man.
In the general rush toward the saving
water, alldiscipline and command were
lost all attempts to preserve a rear
guard neglected the wild Bashkirs
rode in among the encumbered people
and slaughtered them by wholesale, and
almost without resistance. Screams
and tumultuous shouts proclaimed the
proTess of the massacre; but none
heecled, none halted all alike, with
faces blackened by the heat and with
tongues drooping from the mouth, con
tinued with maniacal haste toward the
lake. The Bashkir was aflected by the
same misery as the wretched Kalmuck
and into the lake the whole vast body of
enemies rushed, forgetful of all things
but one almighty instinct. The absorp
tion of their thoughts in one maddening
appetite lasted for a single half hour,
but in the next arose a hnal scene of
parting vengeance. Far and wide the
waters of the solitary lake were instant
ly dyed red with blood. Here rode a
party of savage Bashkirs hewing off
heads as fast as the swaths fall before
the mower's scythe: there stood unarmed
Kalmucks in adeath grapple Mth their
detested foes both up to the middle in
water. Every moment the lake grew
more polluted, and yet even' moment
fresh hosts came up to the water and
rushed in, not able to resist their fran
tic thirst, and swallowing large
draughts, visibly contaminated with
slaughter. Wherever the lake w:ls shal
low enough to allow of men raising
their heads above the surface there, for
scores of acres, were to bo seen all forms
of ghastly fear, of agonizing struggle,
of spasms of death, ami the fear of
death revenge and the lunacy of re
venge until the martial spectators, of
whom there were not a few. averted
their eyes witii horror as they rode down
to the lake to the rescue of the hapless
fugitives.
This, undoubtedly, is one of the most
striking instances of catastrophe arising
from the absence of water in the desert
ever chronicled, but who can not recall,
from numerous works of travel, or, in
deed, from history, numerous other
illustrations of the same fierce peril of
thirst? Annals of exploration abound
with disasters from this cause, and every
desert bears witness against itself in the
warning skeletons of man and beast
which lie scattered up and down its sur
face. All the poetry of the nations who
live upon the frontiers of these pitiless
wastes gathers round the spring and
welL Their daily existence, the affairs
of tribes, the history of races, are de
termined by the position and abundance
of the local water supply. It is for the
possession of the oases and the life-giving
trickle of water in the midst of it
that the present fights of the pastoral
nomads are fought. Their religious
writings and precepts of their holy writ
are replete with injunction and mandate
on the subject of water, its use and
abuse, and among the supreme delights
of Paradise is the luxury of unstinted
springs of cold water. for is there any
room for wonder that this should be so.
We ourselves can not have failed to note
how in the recent campaigns in Egypt
everything hinged upon the water sup
ply. The army moved in detachments,
so as to best economize it; camps were
pitched so as to utilize it to the utmost;
the hoars of battle were arranged in
obedience to its inexorable and all-im-
?jrtant demands. It was at the wells of
eb and of Tamal that the Arabs fought
their fiercest. To abandon the spring
is significant of loss of country. A civ
ilized race would rally for its last strug
gle round its capital;"the Arab reserves
his most desperate courage for the con
flict round water. It is to him the cen
tral blessing of life; and in all his im
agination he can find no other simile for
earthly beauty or heavenly bliss than the
precious fluid" of which nature has been
so ruthlessly sparing. The sand is the
Arab' ocean, the oases are his ports,
and with all the accuracy of ships'
courses they steer their way over the
trackless wastes. be betrayed from
the straf at line by a mirage, or driven
from it j the attacks of enemies, or de
layed upon the road by sand storms,
may, as in the case of a vessel at sea,
conipfl the voyager to make for some
other port than that fsr wfrJefc he tad
started. But the sun er the stars are
always there, amd for the rest what bet
ter compass does the Bedouin ask thaa
his earners amazing power of scent?
The dromedary's nose is a needle that
never needs readjustment. No acci
dental attractions make it unfaithful
to its duty. A fearful peril attaches,
nevertheless, to any deviation from the
shortest route; for even these hardened
"children of the desert" find the passage
from one spring to another as much as
their powers of endurance can bear, and
are accustomed to time them so exaqtly
that they often arrive at their journey's
end with water-bottle and strength
alike exhausted. Nor is it easy in tho
wide range of human emotions to im
agine any more stirring pleasure than
the first glimpse upon tne horizon of the
patch of palms which tells of a spring
at their feet; nor any longing more in
tense than the eagerness with which the
solitary traveler presses forward toward
the friendly encampment, which his
keen sight discovers .clustering around
the oasis. After days of solitude and
utter silent traveling perpetually in the
atnter of an unbroken circle of blister
ing sand, tho reliefof green palm-fronds,
of human voices, of rest, must be such
a rapture as almost to indemnify the
Arab for all the drawbacks of his hard
life; and no wonder that tho word
"water" is the darling of all his lan
guage. For it is a veritable miracle
worker. Our soldiers in Egypt were
astonished, when tramping "along the
apparently hopeless desert, to see how
luxuriant crops and gardens alter
nated with bare sand, how a mere
rill of water turned the wilderness into a
farmstead and charmed up to the sur
face of the soil all the latent magic of
its fertility. In the Saharas of the earth,
whether in the Eastern hemisphere or
the West, water is indeed a magician,
as wonderful in the suddenness and
completeness of its work as any genii
of lamp and ring. It has the potency
of the philosopher's stone, and is striven
for as the sum of all that is to be de
sired. Industry without it is a para
lytic, a cripple. With it. it possesses a
talisman that transfigures everything,
makes man a giant, and blesses every
work of his hand. Speaking of parts
of Western America, a recent writer
says: "Water here is everything that
is precious. Without it the sage brush
laughs at man, and the horn of the
jack rabbit is exalted against- him.
With it, corn expels the weed, and the
long-eared rodent is plowed out of
possession. Without it grease wood
and gophers divide the wilderness be
tween them. With it, homesteads
spring up and gather the orchards
about them. Without it, tho silence of
the level desert is broken only by
the coyote. With it como the laughter"
of running brooks, the hum of ousy
markets, and the cheery voices of the
mill-wheels by the stream. Without
it. the world seems a dreary failure.
With it it brightens into'infinite possibili
ties. No wonder then that men here
prize it, exhausted ingenuity in obtain
ing it. fought about it. I wonder the
do not worship it. Men have worshiped
trees, wind and sun with no greater
cause." Change the phrases here and
there, and the passage might stand for
Asia, for nothing is so striking in many
parts of the East, notably Arabia and
the eastern provinces of Africa, as the
supreme importance of water. It deter
mines localities, regulates their propor
tions, and controls their prosperity.
Ju-:t as in the far West men buy and sell
water claims, as if they were mines in
full work, and appraise each other's
estaws.notby the stock that grazes upon
them, or the harvests gathered from
them, but by the water-rights that go
with them, so in these oriental countries
of desert and torrid sun clans measure
their wealth by the flow of water within
their boundaries, and the importance of
all grounds by the amount of irrigating
power involved in the issue, tvery
stream might be a Piictolus, so precious
is it; every pool a Bethesda. so great its
virtues. To compass the wonder-working
thing, all energies, whether of indi
vidual or of community, are fiercely
nipl"ytl; and prized above all that
Arabs possess is the tribal right to ac
cess to a given spring, or the privilege
of encampment by a special well. In
war it attains, if possible, to a still
greater preciousness for it is then the
one absolute essential of the campaign.
Our troops, as we have noted, marched
in obedience to the dictates of this
supreme necessity. Thus, rather than
w:Lste a single draught, the cavalry on
the night before the fight at Tamal,
risked separation from the infantry.
Then, also, in Hicks Pasha's disaster,
the Arabs, knowing the point toward
which all the enemy's desires would be
directd, easily planned their destruc
tion. An army, lieguiled from the path
that led to the widely separated wells of
the Soudan, would need to meet no foe
to find its doom, for thirst is the swiftest
of tortures, and swifter than the onrush
of Arab spearmen. London Telegraplu
-
Abraham Stood Corrected.
Half an hour an individual stood in
the Grand Pacific rotunda hist evening
commenting on "evigelation," the new
won! coined by Uncle Dick Oglesby,
and used by him in his Peoria speech to
express that which the Republican party
must exercise in order to win in the
coming campaign.
"That reminds me," said Hon. New
ton Bateman, who was one of the party,
"of a little incident in my acquaintance
with Lincoln. It was in 18G0, when I
was Superintendent of Public Instruc
tion. 1 came out of my office in the
State House at Springfield one day just
as Lincoln was passing. 'Look here a
minute, you big school teacher.' he
said, holding toward me a slip of pa
per covered with pencil writing. 'I ve
got something here which a good many
people.will read, and 1 want to see if
it's all straight You know grammar's
not my strong hold. Now just look
that over and see if it needs any gram
matical surgery.' I took it," said Mr.
Bateman. "and found that it was a
draft of Lincoln's formal letter of ac
ceptance of his first nomination for the
Presidency. I read it and found only
one place where any change was de
sirable, I don't remember the exact
words, but he had used an expression
similar to this: 'It will be my earnest
endeavor to not antagonize,"' etc I
said to Mr. Lincoln that perhaps I was
not good authority, but I would suggest
that it would be well to change that so
it would read 'endeavor not to antago
nize.' -Ob, yon want me to turn those
two little words end for end. hey? Well,
ril do it, for you know I want it ex
actly straight,' Lincoln used remarka
bly correct English, indeed. surDrising
ly correct, considering the "limited
educational advantages he had, and as
every one knows, much that he uttered
and wrote possessed merits of sentiment
and expression rarely equaled. Yet he
did not thoroughly trust himself in the
matter of grammatical construction."
Chicago News.
Miles Uhsr the Sea.
Many carious forms of fishes have
recently been found in the deep sea.
One fish, dredged from a depth of nearly
three miles from the surface, shows a
complete modification of structure. At
this distance from the surface the press
ure can hardly be realized. It is esti
mated that this fish has to contend
aorainst a pressure equal to two and one
half tons toevery square inch of surface.
A sealed glass tube, inclosed in a per
forated copper covering has at two
miles been reduced to fine powder,
while tho metal was twisted out of shape.
Yet, the fishes are so constructed that
thev withstand the pressure. Their
bonv and muscular systems are not fully
developed: the bones are permeated
with pores and fissures. Tho calcareous
matter is at a minimum, and the bones
of the vertebrate arc joined together so
looselv that in lifting the larger fishes
out of" the water they often fall apart.
The muscles are all thin, and the con
nective tissue seems almost wanting.
Yet, these fishes are able to dart about
and capture prey.
Sunlight penetrates only about 1,200
feet below the surface of "the sea. At
8.000 feet the temperature lowers to 40"
Fahr.. and from about a mile from the
surface to the bottom, four or five miles,
the temperature is about the same
the world over just above freezing.
How do the fishes and other forms that
live here see?
Their eves are modified as well as
their othe'r parts. The fishes that live
500 feet from the surface have larger
eyes than those in the zone above them,
so that thev can absorb the faint rays
that reach them. In a zone below this
many forms with small eyes begin to
have" curious tentacles, feelers, or or
gans of touch.
Many of these deep sea fishes have
special" organs upon their sides and
heads that are known to possess a
luminous quality. Other organs are
considered accessor' eyes, so that the
fishes have rows of eyes upon their ven
tral surfaces looking downward, while
near are luminous spots that provide
them with light.
One of the largest of these deep sea
torch bearers is a fish six feet long,
with a tall dorsal fin extending nearly
the entire length of tho body: The tips
of this tin are luminous, and also a
broad patch upon its head. Along the
sides of the body are a double row of l
luminous spots.
One of the most ferocious of these
deep sea forms Is the Chanliodus. Its
mouth is fairly overflowing with teeth
that.protrude in a most forbidding man
ner. The fins are all tipped with flam
ing spots, while along the dorsal sur
face extends a row of spots that appear
like so many windows in the flsh,
through which light is shining.
The little fishes called Bombay ducks
are luminous over their entire surface,
and when numbers are collected
together they present an astonishing
spectacle. One of the most interesting
of these light givers is the Chiasmodus,
a fish that attains a length of only thir
teen inches. The top of its head is the
principal light-giving organ, and its fine
gleam with phosphorescent light. It is
not alone remarkable as a light-giver.
It has a jaw so arranged that it can
seize fish twice its size and easily swal
low them. Its stomach has the elastic
quality of India rubber. It stretches
to anormous proportions, and appears
like a great transparent balloon hanging
under the fi3h and containing its prey.
The last expedition sent out by France
brought to light some remarkable
forms. The dredge off Morocco brought
up from a depth of over one and a half
miles a fish that appeared to be all head
or mouth. It was of small size, and
the length of the mouth was about four
fifths of the entire body; so that, if the
body bad been severed'behind the head,
it and two or three like it could have
been stowed away in the capacious pouch.
It probably moves very slowly, scooping
mud and ooze into its mouth, sifting out
the animal parts and rejecting the rest.
X. 1". Sun.
Life in South Africa.
"I landed at Cape Town" he said.
"This is a place of forty thousand in
habitants, three-fourths of whom are
blacks or Malays. The Malays have
.seven wives apiece; that Ls the most in
teresting and unfortunate thing that
can be said about them. The other
quarter of the population is European.
A small cottage there containing four or
five rooms will cost $45 a month; a
good-sized dwelling will cost three times
that sum. Coal is 15 a ton: meat from
fifteen to twenty-five cents a pound;
whisky is twenty cents a drink; im
ported ale one dollar a bottle. At the
restaurant a good meal can be had for
twenty-live cents, consisting of such
tilings as roast beef, mutton chops,
soup, bread, butter, coffee, rolls etc.
In October. November and December,
there are terrific gales that sweep over
the town. The drivers of vehicles wear
green sjectacles on account of the dust,
anil the wonieu. at the approach of the
hurricane, sit down promptly for fear of
sailing skpvard like so many balloons.
I went to South Africa as a trader, a
speculator, and spent much of my time
in fact, the best part of it in the
back country. Of course, I visited the
diamond fields. They are in the hands
of tho two companies. English and
French, who have from the Government
the privilege of working the mines.
They are not doing niucii in theni at
the present time on account of the pre
vailing dullness in the diamond market.
The mines are worked by blacks, and
I suppose there are about two thousand
at work at the present time, about a
quarter the number that could be found
there when times were good. The
superintendents and better class of
workers live in houses made of sheet
iron; the common delvers in small
brushwood houses. Some of the houses
have three rooms and a kitchen; some
have only sleeping places or bunks.
The Zulu Kaffirs five in the meanest
kind of huts. They only work long
enough to earn some money to buy
guns; then they go back to their country,
four hundred miles away, and engage
in warfare with some of the branches of
their tribe. There are twenty-one tribes
of Zulu Kaffirs. The workmen have few
chances to steal diamonds themselves,
but they have been known to slip one
of the valuables into the pocket of some
visitor in the hope of seeing him later,
and arranging with him as to its sale,
and the visitor has had the diamond
found on him by some of the officers and
been promptly sent off to the western
coast, there to work from ten to twenty
years on the breakwater they are build
ing in that section. The workmen were
once paid one dollar a day; now they do
not get so much. The officers who over
see them used to get from $25 to $50 a
week; now they get from $15 to $25.
I rode into the back country on a
cart, keeping the west coast and en
deavoring to trade with the natives for
kiss, ostrich feathers, and other goods.
which I would dispose off to the arrlT
ing vessels at Cape Town. The country
is dry and barren; there are plenty of
stones, but no trees; the tallest bushes
are not over four feet high. At the
numerous rivers, where they cross tho
roads, you will now and then find a tree
or two standing together near the banks.
You will often meet wild animal,
tigers, leopards, hyenas, jackals, mon
keys, and elephants, but they will not
molest you unless you attack them; on
the contrary, they are afraid of a
human being, and" will, unless raven
ously hungry, run away from you.
There are plenty of poisonous snakes
there six feet long, which jump at you
and bite you quickly, if you are not on
the lookout for them. The natives eat
the meat of the buffalo and the buck,
and hunt the wild animals for the sake
of their skins, tigerskins already tanned
being about six dollars.
It is very hot there in the summer
season, and in some parts there hi a
great scarcity of water. Within one
hundred miles of Cape Town you will
find a nice country and water enough,
but beyond that it is very dry. In tho
winter" time, when the rains come and
swell up the rivers like a Hash, as you
might say. you would think you would
bo drowned. The water comes quickly,
anil at the moment wipes away every
thing within its immediate reach; but
the country is as dry as ever within a
few hours. In the "hottest season it is
12tf to 180 Fahrenheit: in the shade
that is, such shade as there is where the
sun's rays strikes directly it is from 1iO
to 154. The moment the sun rises it is
hot: the moment it sets it is cool. Pe
ple can not, of course, work all day in
such weather; they stay in the hoavj
from ten to three, but of course the
heat does not affect them so much as it
does a newly-arrived foreigner, and af
ter awhile, if he is strong and healthy,
he can stand it pretty well.
Very Old egroes.
Typical old-tinie negroes are Ben
Wickliffe and his centenarian wife.
Charlotte. The old man is a little
squatty negro, with an extremely bald
head, "whose only covering Ls two little
tufts of white "wool over each car.
Charlotte, his older but better half, is
in perfect keeping with the old man,
and has been his companion for seventy
years. Both date their birth back in
the eighteenth century. The old man
fixes his age at 112 while his wifo
stands pat and goes him three better at
115. When the rt-porter entered the
old man was seated in an arm chair
looking steadfastly into the tiro, while
his wife lay upon a. bed near by, resting
her shriveled hand lovingly on the
barest part of his head.
"I understand, uncle, that you are
over a hundred years old," began the
reporter.
"Yes, sonny; de ole man is pretty ole.
I've seen generations of men die, and
not a soul Jives now that was young in
my days."
"How old are you ?"
"Well, it's been calculated different
ways, and not fixed lower than 112
years. After long counting, the white
folks at Bardstown, where 1 comes from,
fixes it at dese figgers."
"How far back can you remember'"
"I can go wav back to the first war,
when General Washington whipped the
English."
"Did you see any of the fighting?"
"No, but I remember thV soldiers
coming back from the war dressed in
buckskin coats. I was quite a boy then.
I recon twelve years old. When I was
young the country was all woods and
Injins. There was only one house in
Bardstown when I was a boy, and this
place was no larger than Bardstown is
now when I was pretty well grown.
When old Master Wickliffe died he was
a white-headed old man, and I was just
a few years younger than him. Ho
died too long ago to think about. It
must be nign forty years."
"How did you come to marry the old
woman ?"
This caught the ear of the old woman,
and, rising up in bed. she demanded a
woman's right to inform of all questions
relating to so tender a subject.
"Sonny, you see, I'se a Virginia nig
ger, and they can't grow pretty niggers
nowhere but in ole V irginny. When I
moved to Bardstown I just caught de
eyes of all the darkies and set dem
crazy. One day, :is I was knocking
through de fields with a bundle of cot
ton on my head. Ben looked up from
his hoe. antl, fixing his eye on me,
watched me till I was out of sight
De next day Ben cum to de cabin and
tole me I was the prettiest thing he
eber seed. Dese little feet and that old
cotton dress, which was so short dat I
nebber liked it. was what caught de ole
man's eye. There were seven other
niggers "after me at the time, but I liked
Ben the best, even though I was three
years older."
"How many children had you?"
"Sixteen. Only live of dem are alivo
now, and the youngest is fifty years old.
Dese live are all living in dis city with
thirty-two children, and all of these are
married and got children, and these
got children again."
How many greatgrandchildren
have you?"
"Go I only knows. My stock of num
bers runs out before I get half round.
I've seen de fo'th generation of my
children. Jane Cook, one of my great
grandchildren, living on Twelfth and
Rowan, has a son six years old."
"They tell me that the old-time ne
gro's teeth never have been known to
wear out?"
"I doesn't know about dat I never
had a rotten tooth in my head, and
never had one to drop out. but I have
not had a tooth in these old gums for
many years. They just wore out and
blew away."
"How is the old man's teeth?"
"Oh! Lord bless you, sonny, he's
a-tething. the . Id baby: just think of
it." Here the old woman fairly shook
with laughter, and slapped the old man
several times on the head in the height
of ecstacy, "Maybe you don't believe
it. sonny, but it is a fact, and I can't
help laughing when I thiuk of the old
rascal getting a new set of teeth. It
looks like he intends living forever."
As evidence the old man stood up,
and, curling back his upper lip, allow
ed the scribe to insert his finger to es
tablish the fact and allay tne doubt
From the front part of the" upper gum
extend two ivory incisors, about a quar
ter of an inch beyond the gums.
"He's just like a teething baby, too,"
the old woman continued, "and when
they were cutting he was so cross and
peevish we didn't know what to do with
him." Louisville Post.
Jennie June observes : "There
never was a time when the dress count
ed for so little in the estimate of charac
ters as bow. It is gettiag to be pretty
well understood that a woman who is
celebrated for her clothes is know for
nothing also.'1
OF UKfEBAL PTEKEST.
A meal consisting of pork and
beans costs 1.50 in the Cceur d'Alene
suincs.
The convict mortality in Alabama's
State Prison Ls larger than any other
State except MisisaippL
A Stockport (N. T.) maple this
vear gave sap for its ninety-fourth year.
Washington ate sugar from it. Buffalo
Express.
It is said that among the wives of
Utah there may be found women from
nearly every natioa except France.
A New York newspaper recently
contained this advertisement: "Wanted
Lunch by first-class professor of
music in exchange for tuition on piano."
A member of the Harvard class of
18S3 has been appointed a pitcher for a
.base ball club at $3,000 a year, yet
thoughtless persons sneer at the culture
of this country. X. Y. Graphic
A fruit merchant estimates that
'from ten to fifty per cent of the fruit
shipped from foreign countries to this
country is rotted on the way. the great
Jest loss being in oranges and the least
!in cocoanuts.
Another Piuto medicine man has
been sent to the happy huntinjr grounds.
He attended a sick child belonging to
Piute Frank, at Buffalo Sttion.-0ev.,
and the child died. The father, beliov
Ing that the child had been bewitched by
.the medicine man. followed him to Par
adise Valley and killed him.
An exchange points out that among
the causes of the frequent miscarriage
of justice in the prosecution of criminals
Is the fact that the keenest and brightest
of the legal profession are engaged for
the defense, while the prosecution is
generallv conducted bv a lawver who
owes his place to tlie decision of a
caucus.
Vanderbilt was the maddest man re
cently. He was putting one of Ids fast
trotters up the boulevard when a smutty
faced, speckled mouthed, red headed
boy came along driving an empty dirt
cart, and touching the nag with his whip
irave the disgusted and astonLshed mil
lionaire his dust! The horse who shared
in his driver's humiliation was Early
Rose. X. Y. Sun.
A reporter of the Americas (Ga.)
Eecorder, while in Magnolia Dell, saw
a fierce battle between a king snake and
a moccasin in the water. The fight
lasted about twenty minutes. Stones
and sticks were thrown in, but there
was no getting the snakes apart- When
the reporter left nothing was to be seen
of the moccasin, but the red body of tho
king snake was occasionally to be seen
as he pulled himself out of the mud.
The Dshebel Naibo, an isolated
mountain in Algeria. 600 feet high, is
slowly sinking into the earth. Already
there is a deep hollow around its foot.
The district of Bona has once before
witnessed a similar proof of the insta
bility of the earth's crust The Lako
Fezzara did not exist in the time of the
Romans, but on the contrary the site
was occupied by a town whose ruins
have been found at the bottom of the
lake.
A number of Chinese have given up
the laundry business in New lork and
gone to farming, in a small way. near
the city. Ah .Jock claims to have made
a profit of 1, 000 from hLs patch last
year. So Lum has rented a small farm
on Staten Island and has already seeded
five acres with imported Chinese vege
tables, cabbages, turnips, lettuce, vari
ous kinds of beans, yams, Chinese
pumpkins and squashes. The vegeta
ble are sold entirely among the China
men. X. Y. Times.
According to the Jewish Advocate .
"We look nt a well made coat, a dia
mond ring or a glossy silk head cover
ing, and call the wearer a gentleman
without hesitation. He may thrust his
knife into his mouth when he eats tuck
his dinner napkin under his chin like a
boy in the nursery, expectorate tobact
juice on the floors of cars and public
rooms; he may do a thousand things
that only an uneulturrd boor would do.
yet if he wear the uniform of a gentle
man he passes muster in society, and is
dubbed a gentleman."
Have the courage to do without
that which you do not need, however
much your eyes may covet it. Havu
the courage to how your re-pect for
honesty, in whatever guise it appears;
and your contempt for dishonest dupli
city by whomsoever exhibited. Have
the courage to wear your old clothes
until vou can pay for new ones Have
the courage to obey your Maker at the
risk of being ridiculed by man. Have,
the courage to prefer comfort and pro
priety to fashion in all thing-. Have
the courage to acknowledge vour ig
norance rather than to seek credit for
knowledge under false pretenses Have
the courage to provide entertainment
for your friends within your means -not
beyond. Philadelphia Call.
The foil- "ng law ami law case are
taken from .i.e records of the New
Haven Colony in 1C6'J. The statute
says: "Whosoewr shall inveigle or
draw the sffeclions of auj maide cl
maide servant either to himself or
others, without first gaining the con
sent of her parents shall pay to th
plantation for the first offense forty
shillings, the second .'4; for the third
he shall be imprisoned or corporeouly
punLdied." Under this law. at the
court held in Ma. IGJ9, .lacobeth Mur
tine and Sarah Tuttle were prosecuted
"for setting down on a che-tle together,
his anus around her waiste. and her
arme upon hi-: shoulder or about hh
neck, and continuing in that inful pos
ture about half an hour, in which time
he kyssed her and she k s.-d him. or
thev kvssed one another, as ve witness
testified." Hart ford Post.
He Had a Joke.
"Do those alligator bite?" inquired
a man with hair the color of a gosling,
as he poked his na-e around the corner
of the door.
"Not very often." replied the editor.
"Are you armed?" asked the light
haired man.
"No, we never go armed."
"Are you in a pretty good humor?"
"First-rate, first-rate." replied tho
editor, who smelled a spring poem,
and quietly drew the poker up where he
could reach it to throw.
"Well, now, I just thought I would
drop in and see you. I have a little
"Walk riht in." said the editor, who
wautcd to get the man in range.
The man walked in, as requested,
"I want to give vou a joke."
"All right; what Ls it?"
"It is this: You must first say some
thing about a man who cared for noth
ing outside of horses,"
"Yes."
"And then aay that fc him life was,
but- a span meaning, you know, a
span of horses, and then "
But the gosling-haired man jumped
for the stairway, and left behind him a
ripple of fiendish laughVer that haunted
lbs building the rest of the day. Puck-