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About The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 13, 1882)
HM THE JOURNAL. WEDNESDAY. DEC. 13, 18S2. Xturcl it tic Pe:i:ei, C:lsriu. Hei.. : seerai eltis sitter. THE LIAR IN WE1QRT. J3e had fished in all waters fur bass and for trout, On stream and on lake theeountry throughout; lie had fished with a fly: He had fished with a bait: But ala9 1 for his fame he's a liar In weight. (There are liars in numbers and liars in size. Who talk in a way that seems wonderful wise, Of the things they have done ; But what they relate Is but tame when compared with this liar in weight. fish, this liar in that nibble his He had never caught small weight; The trout are all large ones bait; He resents with disdain. And almost with hate, luch small accusations this liar in weight. Three-pounders were common, four-poundera not rare; And he'd tell, in a way to make a man stare, Of a ten-pounder once. In a Northern State, That he captured alone this liar in weight, To competewith this liar when once he begins, Is out of the question, for he always wins, The best competition. Either ear y or late, Is nowhere compared with this liar in weight. The liar In numbers may catch the most trout. Or the liar in plr.ee know the best place about; Dut w hen you begin About ize to relate, You're left in the shade by this liar in weight. Jama U. IJuadley, tnS. 1. Independent. CATTLE RAISING. Hew ttae Bulne In ITCaamge fa Wyoming and (he Profit ia It A representative of the Tribune had an interesting conversation yesterday with Mr. William Denison, who is in the city, having come directly from his ranch in Wyoming Territory with a shipment of cattle, ana learning the following facts which will be of interest to the public: His ranch is is on the Platte River, in Carbon County, forty miles south of the Union Pacific Railroad and 150 miles west of Chevenne, and 8,000 feet above the sea level. The run is fifty miles, more or less, in extent, and is used in common by some eleven or twelve ranchers, who own an aggregate of about 30,000 head of cattle. Theso men, some of them with families, live in log cabins more or less capacious and comfortable, in different parts of the run, each house having its corral and most of them a garden and outbuildings. The cattle, watched by mounted herders or "cowboys," wander at will over the run, living on the grass, which, thouch a sorrv aoolouv in the eves of an illiuoisan,is found to be amply suf flcient for their wants. The winters an? severe, and a large amount of snow falls. It is, however, dry snow, and blows off, and the cattle subsist on the dry grass, which greatly resembles hay in appear ance. In the spring all the ranchmen with their herders assemble and go over the entire range for the purpose of branding the cal ves. About 5,000 cattle are driven together each day and corraled. The corral is a large inclosure fenced in with pine logs put together very strongly and capable of resisting any commotion which may arise among the cattle. Each ranch man then brands the calf which is follow ing a cow bearing his brand. It is taken for granted that the calf is his property, and if a caff bearing another man's brand is found following the cow the matter is remedied by the owner of the brand handing over an unbranded calf, which is thereupon branded with the first man's brand, and the matter is set tled. Each man consults his own fancy as to his brand, and a large variety may be ieen, including letters, harness, knives, cups, arrowheads, etc. Each ranchman has also an ear-mark, by which he distinguishes his cattle when their winter coat of hair renders the brand undistinguishable. The same va riety is soen in earmarks us in brands. aome men slitting each ear, or cutting off t. .: i.Mi - 4 uiu i., wuue me severing oi one ar close to the head is not an uncommon nark. The branding is done with a hot iron, generally placed well forward on the left side, about six inches from the backbone. In this way the whole range ia gone over until the branding is fin ished, the men living in tents and sub sisting on beef and what game comes in their way. The cattle are active and run rapidly. A stampede is a curious occurrence and apt to be serious, if not projwrly man aged. The stumbling of a horse or any unusual noise may cause it, and the cat tle once started will run until exhausted, turning aside for nothing and demolish ing anything which happens to be in their course. When a stampede occurs, the herdsman immediately rides to the aide of the herd near the head and turns the cattle gradually, eventually bringing them to the point ut which they started, and keeps up the process until the herd it exhausted and stops. Even when turned in this manner the cattle fre quently run from ten to twenty miles before halting. The cattle are usually shipped to mar ket in the fall, at which time the "round up" occurs. In this, as in the branding, all the ranchmen join, each man fur nishing his quota of herders. The pro Sartiou is about one herder to 500 cattle. . he latter are gathered in immense herds and the cattle destined for ship ment picked out. A man mounted on a trained horse rides into the drove and ecksoutasteer. The horse then fol ws the auimal, turning it to the right or left and keying it always headed for the outside of the "herd. When the cat tle for shipment are collected they are driven in one large herd to the railroad, and are guarded day and night by mounted herdsmen. About twenty are ut in a car, and the freight is $7 per ead. It costs about 1 per head to feed tliem on the way, and the trip consumes even days. The use of dogs is forbidden by law, and the herdsman relies entirely upon himself and his horse to dn the wm-V The horses used are Indian ponies, and are valuable in proportion to their knowledge of the business. They are fast and hardy, frequently traveling ui turn seventy nines in a aay. A large, fast, and well trained pony is worth $150, and they range in price from that amount down to 850. Each man has from four to six horse, and uses each on the average half a day in two days. In the "round-up a herder watches the drove of horses night and day and drives them into camp every morning at 4 o'clock, the herders being in the saddle bv sunrise. Many of the ponies are "buckers," and will unseat the most skillful rider, a man who is able to stick on an adept "bucker" being exceedingly rare. A "bucker" jumps up six feet or so into the air, land ing stiff on his fore feet, and repeats the operation so rapidly that the jumps can hardly be counted, until the rider ia unseated and flung headlong. The herders are paid from 100 to 25 per month, according to their skill with the lasso. It is of Sic "lassoer" as it is of the poet "nascilur sal non fit." Almost any man can learn to lasso a steer by the horns or throw the loop over a horse's head, but only a man born to the business can catch a steer by the leg, horse and steer on the dead run. When the lasso is thrown the "cowboy" coils the end around the pommel of his saddle, the pony braces himself, and when the rope tightens the steer usually measures his length upon the ground. The cow boys are a hard-working set of men, and, at least in the locality described, very decent fellows. One of Mr. Denison's bys is a graduate of Bowdoin College, and intends to practice law. No amu are carried and there is no cattle-stealing. Cattle are shipped to market when flute yean old; bit calves are wortk fit atpresent, on the range. The proportion of cows in the herd is about one-fourth, and the natural increase is tc efore large and profitable. Speculate are often seen on the range, buying p cattle and shipping them to market; I t the length of time consumed in gctt g the cattle to their destination makes the risk con siderable. In the legitimate ousiness the risk is probably less than in any other mode of investing capital. There is no disease as yet, no stealing, and the risk of a very severe winter is the only one which causes the cattle men much trouble. The cattle men subsist, in a large measure, during all seasons of the year upon game, which is present in great variety and abundance at this season. Antelope form the main diet, as they roam in herds of from twenty-five to 100. Deer, elk, and other large game are abun dant, but are more timid and harder to get The country is quiet and the popu lation law-abiding. From the very nature of things there is no attraction for the loafer and the blackguard. Every man works and works hard, and with proper enererv and care "there's millions in it" Cfiicaqo Tribune. The Cat Bird. Though the cat bird is accused oi many atrocities, I will protect him, in spite of the real facts, on account of hit remarkable song and his quaint and orig inal ways. It is said he will permit no other birds to build their nests near his own haunt He is quarrelsome and beats them off, and like the blue- 'ay often devours the eggs of small (irda and destroys their nests. This nefarious work is not probably a regular Sractice; there is reason to believe he estroys only the eggs and nests which are placed too near his own domicile. The cat bird is choice of his situation, and seldom frequents the high grounds which are chosen by the red thrush. He prefers a thicket in low, swampy places, and cares not though it be at the foot of a garden; for the presence of man when employed in rural toil does not seem to annoy him. Birds very readily distin guish a man at work from an idle man or gunner. Cat birds are almost exclu sively insectivorous, seldom taking fari naceous substances except in very small quantities. Some young birds of this species which I reared in a cage dird of apoplexy soon after they hau obtained their growth, from no cause that I could divine except the injury received from a partly farinaceous diet Yet the cat bird is known to be fond of the seedB of grasses. The old prejudice once so general against the cat bird seems attributable in part to its mewing habit, increased by the absurd notion that it plundered the cornfield. The most careful investi gators of the fowl of birds, by examining their crops, have discovered "great quan tities of insects, but none- of the cereal grains among the substances eaten by the cat bird. At the present time very little of this old prejudice remains; the cat bird is now regarded as the farmer's benefactor, and it has become a favorite in some neighlwrhoods. It was formerly a very general practice to rear this bird in captivity, when it became very amus ing from its odd ways and imitative habits. I have never been convinced, from my own observation, that the cat bird in his wild state is a mocker. I admit the fact on the authority of others. The notes of several species which he often imperfectly utters seem to me to be only parts of his gen eral medlev. His sons resembles that of the red thruh, though inferior to it. He has more rasping and fewer guttural sounds than his congener, and less vol ume. No one would attempt to repre sent his notes on the gamut, for they are more like speech than music. The aong hardly admits of description; but it is not without considerable merit. I have occasionally heard an individual songster which was not much inferior to a red thrush. All persons listen with nlensurn in thm song of the cat bird, but they are fortu nate who nave otten beard it delivered continuously. The fault of the bird aa a songster is that he is rarely persistent He utters a short occasional strain, then Siuses pernaps nve or even ten minutes, ut when we are strolling in a woodpath through a half-wooded swamp, bordered with azaleas and wild roses, while the open spaces are bright with golden alex anders, it is delightful to hear these oc casional strains and to observe how at tentively the bird watches our move ments. We hear none of the red thrush's peculiar duplications of certain notes; but if we suppose him to be talking, he speaks more rapidly and uses longer phrases than the red thrush. It is as if he said with great rapidity, "What are ye looking after? Take what you want and be off. Mind your own business. This place belongs to me and to nobody else." The bird makes a pause between each of these sentences, occasionally in terposing a few lisping orwhistling notes. " The restless ways of the cat bird ex cite very general attention. I never saw one remain still even for half a minute. His restlessness is probably the cause of his singing so seldom continuously. Heia incapable of sitting auietlv on hisnemh and devoting himself to song. Especial ly if a human being is near who seems to be watching him, he is constantly whisk ing about, occasionally mewing or sing ing a few notes, as he hoped to drive the ?irson away. Wilson Flagg, in Boston ranscript. Tke Lacquer Trees of Japaa. The Rhus vernicifera, the well-known lacquer tree of Japan, is met with all over the main island, and also in smaller quantities inKiushiu andShikoku, but it is from Tokio northward that it princi pally flourishes, growing freely on moun tains as well asm the plains, thus indica ting that moderate climate suits the tree better than a very warm one. Since early days the cultivation of the tree has been encouraged by the Government, and as the lacquer industry increased plantations were made in every province and district The lacquer tree can be Sropagated bv 'seed sown at the end of anuary or the beginning of February. The first year the seedlings reach a height of from ten inches to one foot The following spring the young trees are transplanted about six feet apart, and in ten years an" average tree should be ten feet high, the diameter of its trunk two and a half inches to three inches, and its yield of lacquer sufficient to fill a three ounce bottle. A more speedy method is, however, generally adopted. The roots of a vigorous young tree are taken, and pieces six inches long and the thickness of a finger are planted out in a slanting direction a few inches apart, one inch being left exposed above the ground. This takes place at the end of February and through March, according to the climate of the locality. These cuttings throw a strong shoot off from eighteen to twenty inches the first year, and are likewise planted out the followingspring. Under equally favorable circumstances these trees would in ten years be nearly twenty-five per cent larger in girth, some two or three feet higher, and would yield nearly half as much more sap than the trees raised from seed. It has not hitherto been the custom to bestow any special care on the trees after planting them out; but in cases where leaf or other manure has been applied they are much finer. Of late years hill sides and waste grounds alone have been ased for lacquer plantations, as, owing to the rise in the price of cereals and farm produce generally, it does not pay the tamers to have their land cumbered with trees. Those that have been hitherto planted along the borders of the fields are being rapidly used and uprooted, and, where practicable, mulberry trees planted instead, with a view to rearing silk worms. Nevertheless, as a good work man is expected during the season to tap an average of 1,000 trees ten years old:, and as the province of Yechizen alone sends out aboutjl,500 "tappers" yearly to the various lacquer districts, it will be seen that an immense production annual ly takes place, stimulated, doubtless, by the demand for cheap lacquered articles abroad. It should also be mentioned that to remedy tho possible exhaustion of the supply, and in view of the great rise which, has taaen place in the price of lacquer, several companies are being projected to plant waste lands with the tree. A ten-year-old tree, which some five years ago only cost from one to two sen, now costs ten sen, which, allowing even for the depreciation in the value of the paper currency, Bhows a rise of about 500fper cent. The best trans parent lacquer comes from the districts of Tsugarn, Nanibu, Akita, and Aidzu. there are some districts the laquer ob tained from which is best for certain kinds of work, but is not so well adapted for others. The kind which is used for transparent lacquer is mixed in large tubs to insure a uniform quality, and being allowed to stand for some time say a week or ten days the best por tion, which is ordinarily seventy per cent, of the whole, is skimmed off. This is used for Nashiji and Shu lacquer, while the remainder is used for making interior mixtures, such as Jonana, &c. Almost all the various classes of lacquer are similarly dealt with to insure uni formity, as some qualities dry much quicker and are better than others, and the slow-drying qualities would other wise remain unsold. The whole country-produces at present, on an average fabm 30,000 to 35,000 tubs per annum each tub being about four gallons ca pacity. Some seventy or eighty per cent, of this total amount is produced from Tokio northward. Nearly one-half of the lacquer produced is sent to the Osaka market, where it is prepared as required and resold all over the western Railroading in the West. during the intervals of farming. Ordi narily, a wholesale dealer in laquer buys so many thousand trees from the owner, and fl a ni!ittr if ivmr vtronl flip sap with as little delay jw possible, mak ing a contract for the purpose with pro- J the purchasing power cf growls isnot un fessional tappers. A hrst-rate workman i limited in that section. will receive over 100 yen (equal, at Now and then a chronic grumbler from (lie Eastern States finds himself starring is a tourist in the West, and learns that The Gold-Seeker. ThtDantzigcr Zeitung relates a curious anecdote of superstition which prevails among the peat-cutters of Littau. In the great peat-fields at Niederung, where boggy places extend in long lines, the WilTo the Wisp, or Irrlichter (Wander ing Light), as it is called in Germany, is often seen. The gaseous miasma in this district gives the uncanny light a re markable brilliancy. It is the fervid be lief of the Littauer, in spite of the schoolmasters, that wherever the wander ing fire is kindled, there the devil is busy smelting the gold which he pavs to those human Deings who will sell them selves to him. If any person will lay a pair of slippers, with their soles upward, upon the spot where the light is kindled, the power of the devil over the gold is immediately broken ; he is compelled to leave it, the light is extinguished, and the fortunate owner of the slippers can at once dig for the gold., and when he finds it, appropriate it to his own use without sin and without danger. A few days ago, accordingto a Dantzip paper, a Littauer peasant named Eigen karthner saw one of the errant lights, or, as he would have expressed it, caught the devil at work, in one of his own peat bogs. He seized a pair of slippers rushed out of his house and followed the light The light moved further and further, and the peasant, forgetting everything else in his determination to spoil Satan of his cold hurried onward and onward, until he stuck in a deep boggy slough and was drowned. Early the next morning his lifeless corpse was dragged out of the sludge. It was only discovered by the accident that his cap was floating upon the surface. London Globe. The Princess of Wales, now in her thirty-eighth year, is described as looking scarcely a day older than when, on March 10th, nineteen years ago, she stood at the altar by the side of her yonng husband. Nor do advancing years change, save to deepen and strengthen, the regard and affection in which she is held by the peo ple of England. By common consent she is placed beyond "the region of criti cism. "What the Prince does" is the topic of free discussion praise or blame every night at a score of clubs and in drawing-rooms innumerable. But the good taste of "what the Princea does is never for a moment called lata question. Clticago Tribune and southern provinces, the remaining portion being used up locally and in Tokio. The usual age at which a tree is tapped is sixteen years, but in some cases a tree is tapped when only three or four years old. The best lacquer for transparent varnish is obtained from trees from 100 to 200 years old, as their nap has more body, and is more glu tinous. The first tapping takes place about the beginning of June. The standard number of trees allotted to a tapper for the season is 1,000 presuming them to be about ten years old (the size of the small specimen), about 800 of the size of the large specimen, and so on, less and less according to the size of the trees. Having cleared away the grass from the roots, the workman makes the round of his allotted trees, marking each with small notches about half an inch long. The first of these notches is about six inches from the bottom of the tree on the right-hand side; the next one "hand stretch higher up on the left hand side; the next one "hand stretch" higher on the right, and so on, alter nately as far as the workman can reach. These preliminary markings, which are to determine all the preliminary places for subsequent tapping, take fully four days, befog at the rate of 250 trees'a day. The tapper then goes round provided with the bark scraper, the ordinary scraping sickle, the Summer spatula, and the pot to hold the lacquer, and first smoothing the bark where required, gives one cut above and one cut below the two lower marks, and one cut above the remainder of the other marks, the cut being in each case about one and a half inches long. After giving the cut the instrument is reversed ana the knife is run along the incision to in sure the bark being entirely cutthrough, This process is repeated every four days, each incision being made a little longer tkan the preceding one, up to the fifth tapping, inclusive, after which the re maining incisions are made of the same length. At each round, when all the requisite incisions have been made on the tree, the workman gathers the sap which has exuded with the spatula, beginning at the two lowest incisions, and so on to the uppermost cut Twenty-five is con sidered the normal number of cuts which, at the rate of one incision at each place every four days, occupy 100 working days, and allowing for some twenty days of rain, during which the sap cannot be drawn, the season is brought to a close by the end of September. When the full number of incisions has been given, the workman gives an extra long cut under all the initial notches on each tree to obtain the sap which has collected there, and another above the uppermost cut of each set These incisions are called Ura-me (back-marks). The sap obtained from the first five cuts above each notch is poor, containing, as it does, a large proportion of water; the middle fifteen cuts produce the best sap, and the sap obtained from the last five incisions is poor, and lacks consistency. Again, the sap obtained from the Ura-me (back marks) and Tome (finishing) cuts is very good, and dries quickly. . The sap from the first twentv-nve cuts is mixed and sold together, but the Ura-me and Tome sap is almost always mixed and sold sep arately. The operations above described kill the tree in one season, but frequently the tree is made to last two years or more by giving only half the number of in cisions, and reserving the Ura-me and Tome outs for the final year. The sap obtained the second and following years is, however, of an inferior quality, and this method is only resorted to by pri vate Individuals wke tap their own trees the present low rate or exchange, t neany j13) for the season, and can collect four and a half tubs (equivalent t.i eighteen gallons) but the average receive 75 yen, and collect proportionately les.-. The present price per tub of lacquer ranges from 90 to 100 yen. After the &p hus been taken, the exhausted tree, whicn remains the probity of the seller, is out down by him and ued for firewood, for building purposes, or for making boxes. London Tdegranh. Modern Manufacture of Shoes. From 1855 dates the downfall of the shop and "kit." The sewing" machine was introduced in 18G2, and machine made shoes are the order of the dav. The difference in time between the old and new way is remarkable. The machine made shoe is, as a matter of necessity, a double soled shoe, ami hence took 'the place, in a great degree, of the old hand made "welt" This- hand-made, welted snoe requirea two seams, the inner seam, or tho sewing-in of the welt and upper, and the "stitching" or sewing together of the welt and the outer sole. The aver age time required in sewing each of thess seams was not less than fifteen minutes, or half an hour for each shoe, or an hour for each pair. The machine, by sawing directly through the inner sole, upper, and outer sole, substituted one seam for two; and when it was worked by "power," such was the expedition of its movements that eighty pair an hour have been stitched upon it, giving less than twenty-three seconds to each shoe. The time saved in cutting soles is equally wonderful. Thirty years ago sole leather was almost altogether cut by hand. A man was only able to cut a few sides in a day, and no care was taken to be very exact. The soles were rounded off to the last by the workman. Now, with tho machines, 150 sides can be cut in a day, and every sole will be exactly the same size; and with the dieing-machine sixty or seventy cases can be died out exactly ine snape or tue last, me saving m time and stock amounts to many hun dreds per week. Or if the side's have been cut into strips, one of these ma chines can cut 250 sides per day against ten that a smart, old-time worker could do. The central part of Lynn is do voted to the large manufactories, where the shoe can be watched from the side to the case, and where in the old shop one man did the work, now a shoe passes through nearly fifty hands before completion. Cutting the soles is the first operation. and is done by the above-mentioned ma chine with dies. Thewholesideislaidout upon a large table, the top of which is level within the bed of a machine long enough to take in its entire length, so that the workman can place the die on any portion of the side, and then, bys treadle movement, instantaneously bring down a bar with sufficient force to cu out the sole. This may be done as rap idly as the operator can place the die. but good judgment is required in select ing the thickest and most solid parts oi the leather for outsoles, the thinner and poorer portions being used for insoles and heels. Smaller machines of the same style are used for cutting out the taps, counters, and heel lifts, as these are cut from the parts of the side left after all the outsoles possible have been cut there from, the idea in each instance being so to place the dies on tho stock as to avoid waste. The soles are now in the hands of the sorter, and have been through three hands the stripper, sole-cutter, sorter and then comes the tier-up. The upper stock is cut in what is called the cutting-room, and the hands consist of (1) the outside cutter; (2) lining cutter; (3) trimming cutter, and (4) dier-out This is in most cases hand work, and in men's boots and shoes entirely so, but the Lynn manufactories almost entirely produce ladies' shoes. The uppers are now taken to the stitching room, where they pass (5) into the hands of the lining-maker, then (6) the closer, (7) steam rubber, (8) back stayer, (9) front-stayer, (10)closer-on,(ll) turner, (12) top-stitcher, (13) buttonhole cutter, (14) corder, (15) vamper, (16) but ton sewer-on all these being different persons. The uppers and bottom stock are now taken to the lasting or finishing room. As we have already seen, the bottom stock has passed through four processes, ending with the tier-up. These, added to the sixteen through which the uppers have passed, make twenty before they reach the hands of the stock-fitter. From this point the process goes on (21) stock-fitter, (22) laster, (23) sole-layer, (24) stitcher, (25) beater-out If for men's boots and shoes, now comes the "lasting," or the drawing of the upper snugly and evenly over the last, so that it will fit closely in all parts, and tiie edges just lap over the outer edge of the insole, all temporarily fastened until the outsole can be attached. This is com monly done by hand, the workman drawing the leather over with pincers and tackimrit in place. To do this work by machine is a task the solution of which has been sought by mechanics and inventors for many years, but no machine for the pur pose has yet been introduced which has met with any considerable degree of favor from manufacturers. There is a lasting machine, but it is susceptible of improvement. Returning to the ladies' shoe, the next person to receive it is the (20) trimmer; then the setter, liner, nailer, shaver, buffer, burnisher, channeller, and channel-turner, and several other minor parts. The shoes finally reach the hands of a packer, and the amount of capital this simple routine represents through out the United States is astonishing, as the manufacture of shoes embraces many other branches. In 1870 there were 4,237 tanneries in the United States, employing 20.784 hands, using a capital of $42,720,505, paying in wages 7,934,416, producing leather valued at 36,169,833; and there were 3,151 establishments for the manu facture of boots and shoes, enmplojing 91,702 hands, with a capital of $37,519. 019, paying in wages $42,504,444, using $80,502,718 worth of materials, manu facturing boots valued at 350,231,470 and shoes valued at 73,846,203, with a pro duction valued at $146,704,000, of which Massachusetts supplied $86,505,445, in creased in 1875 to 189,375,792, and in isdu to neany $iuu,uuu,uuu. Boston is by far the largest market for boots and shoes in the world. There were shipped from there during 18S0 over two and a quarter million cases of boots. shoes, and "rubbers" to interior and coastwise ports, the cases holding from twelve to sevnty-five pairs per case, but containing, at a low estimate, over fifty million pairs. Though we are the first in the world in the manufacture of shoes, England is not far behind. There are about 400,000 persons interested in the "Where do we tike dinner?" querulous ly demanded such a character of a con ductor on the Northern Pacific Railroad, triveling from Faigo to Bismarck. "At Jamestown," courteously replied the conductor. "Get there at midnight, I suppose," grunted the passenger. "At 12:22," answered the conductor. "Can't you stop somewhere and let me get a cracker?" "Not very well, sir. There are no op portunities between here and Jim town." Finding himself treated in such a gen tlemanly manner, Ihe tourist turned loose and curbed the road fiom St. Paul to Glendine Creek, and after finishing his dinner he took in the Duluth branch and wound up with the officers and trainmen, consigning the whole business to bitter ness and wrath eternal. The conductor made everv effort to pacifv him, but his exertions only stimulated the volume of abuse until the train stopped at Bis marck. "Can I sec you a moment," asked the conductor, taking the tourist by the elbow and leading him to the quadrangle back of the Sheridan House. " You don't seem to under stand this railroad system. Now. here's Duluth 1" and he spanged the tourist one in the eye. "And here's St. Paul!" planting his fist with terrible force into the other optic. "The two lines meet here at Brainerd!" which he mapped out on the bridge of the passenger's nose. "Then the trunk line runs along to Jim town, where you get your dinner!" aud he brought him a terrific one on the mouth. "From there to Bismarck is only a short run!" planting a crusher on the victim's chin, "and there you are!" land ing him in a puddle, doubled up 1:!jc a stomach ache, and howling for mercy. "You will notice that the vigilant offi cials are carefully scanning all points of the road!" and he marched up and down his prostrate student, who was now yell ing for help. "What's the matter, Jim?" inquired a friend who had been attracted by the controversy. "Showiug a bloke the advantage of our railroads over the Eastern outfit, 'replied the conductor. "They never explain things where he lives, and I'm fixing it for him so he won't feel like grumbling next time he travels over our line. Wait till I point out the difference between the school sections and the railroad grant!" But the tourist had eeled out of the pud dle and gained the office of the hotel, to the disgust of the conductor aud his friend, who were prepared to display all the attractions of the country, rather than see a stranger depart dissatisfied. If a man wants to be abusive in that part of the Republic, he wants to write out his views and mail 'em to his family. Careless expressions are very apt to pan disagreeable explanations. Brooklyn Eagle. Tho Superfhiitj of Cards. FARM AND HOUSEHOLD. To wliiten ivory knife-handles and piano keys wash them in a strong solu tion of soda-water. All honey not in the comb is looked upon with suspicion. omb honcv, too, has not escaped, although the efforts to adulterate it have so far not been very successful. American Cultivator. The Rational Live Stocb Journal says: Tne questj(m wiether tiiere ;s a milking machine which successfully takes the place of hand milking may yet be answered in the negative and very likely will be so answered for some time to come." Two eggg, one cup of white sucrar, three sour baked apples, and vanilla, make delicious apple folly. Beat tho whites of the eggs and the sugar together, and then add the inside of the apples, having first roasted them soft; flavor with vanilla, and beat to a stiff froth. It should be served with cake. Si. Louis Globe. PERSONAL AND DIPERSONAL. To plant potalnes on a swamp meadow proved with' Mr. Frank Thomas, of Woodbr.dge, Conn., a happy thought for a season that turned out very drv. The Farmer suvs he "dur 1A hWhol nf as fine Early Roses as he ever saw from three-fourths of an acre of land," and has sold a good many of them for $1 a bushel. Spruce butter tubs are the best; hemlock makes a sweet tub; acids from the oak color the butter and injure its appearance; white :uh gives the butter a strong flavor if kept long, and increases onTir i . lY mi""u;1Ma1PIe smells and , gentlemen . "-'".-".. Lsja. un iuuj iour to SIX days in brine before using. Detroit Fost. Grape Butter: Cook grapes until the skins are tender, then rub through a cullender fine enough to retain the seeds. To each pint of the pulp add one-half pound of sugar, or more if you wish the butter finer and richer. Boil down with great care to prevent burning, to the de sired consistency, adding spices if liked. The natural llavor of the graiw is excel lent. Sun Francisco Chronicle. A batter pudding to be used with any fruit apples, peaches, or canned berries is made of one pint of weet milk, four eggs beaten very light, two teacups of hour, one tcaspoonful of salt, aid one-fourth of a te:upoonful of soda. Place the fruit in the bottom of an earthen pudding dish; then pour the batter over it. Bake for three-quarters of au hour and serve, with rich puddiig sauce, or with cream and sugar. N. Y. Fost. The New York Times thinks that there is a certain kind of society cere mony of a printed character which has escaped Herbert fc'pencer's keen analysis. There is really no necessity for it save that which arises from the greed of the stationer. The modern purveyor of ele gantly painted papers might in some re spects be classed with the deservedly abused plumber. Perhaps there is some necessity for the latter, whereas there is very little for the former. The era of the deliriously combined monograms having passed away for the time being, very probably because no one could understand them, note-paper is now be ing ornamented in the most curious way. The printed cards necessary for a wed ding of to-day are of the most compli cated character. Sometimes there are as many as six different pieces of pasteboard, each one in its separate envelop, all enclosed in a big one. The sortini; out of this mass of cards shows, first, the names ol the lather and mother of the bride; then that of the parents of the groom. Then conies the bride's card separate as Miss , and thatof thegroom. Next the invitation to the marriage and another card stating when Mr. ana Mrs. are to be at home. The last station ery load which breaks the camel's back is a card of the clergyman who is to marry the people. We are pleased to stite, however, that an eflbrt made this spring to add the cards of the bridesmaids with those of the groom's best friends, signally failed. If forjoyoufloccasions these eventsbring money to the stationer, when a death takes place he has heretofore shown no desire to divide with the undertaker. There is, however, a most absurd custom, English of its kind, which might stand a chance of transplantation into New York. In England to-day when a man or woman dies, those attending the funeral receive, after a few days, a card from the family of the deceased which reads as follows: "Mr. and Mrs. return thanks for kind sympathy and condolence." This is. indeed, the pertection ol snobbishness. Tom Thumb savs he has traveled 500,000 miles. The things that he prides himself on are his : b'.i U to play bil liards, sail a yacht, and drive a team. N. T.Post. Miss Helen Knigl.f marriage to Mr. Fred R. Div, in Mary :5iu, jmu-cH wine- body fc start the storv ni..t the clersiy , man had behaved seanabunly in turning night into day. Mr. Justice A. Rat'.'- i the found er of the order of the K " !;U of Pvthias. is an active citizen of 1 : t. ' He was a school teacher in Michigan when the idea of the order, which now has a member ship of about 100,000, occurred to him. . ueiiou i'ost. I The New York He-aid says: "An English girl whosaw the Prince "of Wales lata theater, writes: 'He, as usual, en- joyed the play as much as any school . boy. It is delightful to hear him laush a rich "Ho! ho!" that rolls right across the theater. He is so nice!' " ! Mr. George I. Seney, who lias given -'y,uw ior tne lUetliodist Episcopal Hospital in Brooklyn, witnessed the lav- I ing of the corner stone, recently, while J seated in a carriage at adistauce. He had relused to be made conspicuous in the ceremonies. X. Y. Times. A Calcutta gentleman, Babu Lok Nath G'iosc, has conceived the idea of compiling a "Peerage aud 'Landed Gentry" for India. He proposes to give the gcuioloj;- and family history of all the nathv t-'iiefs, great" and small; and also some account of the many native upon whom honorific dis tinctions have leeu conferred by the British Government X. )'. Sun. Maurice Welsh, of Norwich, Conn., earns his living by manual labor, and is so willing to do "so that he voluntarily gave up hi- pension of 1 a month. He wrote to the Pension Agent that his wound,. received in the war, had ceased to trouble him, and that he could not con scientiously ieceiveany more help from the Government Au agent was sent to find out whether Walsh was sane. lie was. Nctv Haven Register. The late Moses Williams, of Boston, bequeathed all his property to his fam ily, aud advised them to retain it in vested as he left it, rather than exchange it forotlier property that might seem to romise greater return. 'I have never ooked for a large income," he said in his will, "nut have sought the greatest security f the principal. Governed by this rul , I have met with few losses, and to this I owe my large estate." Botton Post. Emil Frey, the new Swiss Minister to this country, was herein 1S61, entered , the army sw Captain ol the Eighty second Illinois Volunteers, and was J captured by tho Rebels and confined in j the Libby Prison. The Government had condemned a Rebel. Capt. Gordon, to . death, when the Rebels sent a dispatch that Capt Frey would le considered the hostage for Gordon. President Lincoln therefore stayed the execution of tho I Rebel, and Gordon and Frev were soon exchanged. Monday nioriunsr Gordon 1870. 1882. i THE eiiiiijbus $oimml L- coii-lcclcd as a FAMILY NEWSPAPER, Dv ,ti! u- th 'est mutual inter ests ol its readers and it. puolish. ers. Published atColuinhus.lMntte county. ta centre of the agricul tural porti- n of Nebraska, it is read by hundreds of people east who art looking towards N'e braska as their fnture home. Its subscribers in Nebraska are the staunch, solid portion of the community, as is evidenced by the fact that the Journal bus never contained a Ian' against them, unl by the other faet that ADVERTISING In its columns always brings its reward. Business is business, and those who wish to reach the solid people of Central Xebrala will ti ml the columns of the Journal splendid medium. JOB WORK Of all kinds neatly and quickly done, at fair prices. This species of printing is nearly always want fd in a hurry, and, knowing this fact, we have so provided for It that Ivc cii'i furnish envelopes, let ter heads, bill heads, circulars, posters, etc, etc., on very short utice. ami promptly ou time as we promise. SUBSCRIPTION. I copy peruunum Six months ... Three months , ?:! 00 1 00 Ml A correspondent of the Fruit Recorder says that cotton soaked in tur pentine and hung among the branches of plum trees just as the blossoms are fall ing, and frequently renewed until the plums are half grown, will effectually protect the fruit from the depredations of thecurcu'io. If gum camphor or any essential oils, such as peppermint, penny royal, Kissafras, etc., are dissolved in the turpentine, it produces aa odor so strong that it becomes intolerable to iJl insects. When a housekonner is In.il-incr for ward to the erection of a new home, let called on Minister Frey, and thus the her insist upon plenty of closets. At i two men whose lives twenty years ago least three are indispensable one above depended on each other met for the first stairs for the storing of winter clothing, bedding, carpets, and the hke; a bed room closet (one for every bedroom is desirable), and a closet opening from kitchen or wood-shed, wherein to store away boots and shoes, hats and caps, old clothes, and all those many things which make so much disorder, and are getting so continually in the way unless there is some particular place or room for them. Country Gentleman. Making Cider. Once it is recorded that a person in New York, having recovered from an illness, had his cards sent round to all inquiring friends thanking them for their attention. Francis Joseph's Long Title. The following is the official title of the emperor of Austria, etc., taken from the convocation of the diets of Bohemia, Austria, etc., of date August 27, 1882: Francis Joseph I., by the grace of God emperor of Austria, "king of Hungary and Bohemia, king of Dalmatia, Croatia, Sal vonia, Gallicia, Lodomeria and Illyria, king of Jerusalem, etc.; archduke of Austria; grand duke of Tuscany and Cra cow; duke of Lorraine, Salzburg, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, and the Bukoviua; grand prince of Translyvania; margrave of Moravia; duke of Silesia, Upper and Lower, of Modena, Parma, Piacenza and riiinctnilii rf A licttnivil'r 'i,WI YntAH r9 Tescheu, Fruili, Ragusa, and Zara; count Erince of Hapsburg and Tyrol, of Ky urg, Gorizsa and Gradisca; prince of Trent and Botzen ; margrave of Lusatia, Upper and Lower, and in Istria; count of Honenembs, Feldkirch, Bregenz, Sonnen burg, etc. ; lord of Trieste, of Cattaro and of the march of the Wends.; grand voi vode of the voivodate of Servia, etc There are four "etc." and soon may be added Bosnia, Herzegovina, and Novi- Bazar. One cannot say of this lion's lair nulla vestiqia retrors'um, for though Parma and Modena, Friuli, Piacenza and Lorraine have escaped apparently unknown, Lombardy and Venice are recognized defections, being expurgated from the mosaic. Pall Mall Gazttte. ---- According to an old steamship cap- shoe trade in that country, one-third be- ' tain.ocean steamships, like animals, lose lilciT specu unci a icn cni3. au cigui- year old boat will seldom give the speed she had at two years, and a ship going home to England will steam faster than going to America. Some say this comes from the British fireman, who onhis way home forces the fires more than he does coming out, when speed is no object to him. X. Y. Herald, ing women. In London alone there are 42,691 shoemakers, and it has been esti mated that 400,000 tons of oak bark are annually used in Great Britain in the tanning of leather. Lynn Mass.) Cor. N. Y. Pott. -- Cider is something that costs but very little where orchards are large and fruits plentiful, as in its manufacture mnybe used much fruit that is unsalable. The best apples pay better when barreled and sent oil", but there are many old seedling trees that produce nothiug fit for eating" but whose fruit makes good cider. The crab apples are best for good cider, and in some sections are used for this purpose entirely. While it is not necessary to use the best apples, yet good, sound, ripe ones only should be used. They should be caret ully assorted, wiped clean and dry, and every unsound one discarded. The old method of preparing a bulky press in the orchard, to be left standing until next season, should be done away with, for we now have crushers and press that do the work in a cleaner, better, and mora economical manner, their cost being small compared with their effectiveness. As full directions for making cider accompany them it is unnecessary to go into details; but it is not every one who knows how to keep cider for any length of time. In order to do this the cider should be strained into clean barrels and immediately placed under shelter. It should ferment until ready for storing away if it is desired to be a little "hard," but if preferred sweet it should not ferment. To pre vent fermentation at any time, first place the cider in a barrel from which a stave of the head has been removed, care being tak'en to leave a space of about ten inches between the top and the cider. Now place on the eider a deep block of wood, which, of course, floats, and on this place half a pound of sul phur. Set fire to it, close up tightly as soon as you are sure the sulphur is burn ing and leave it closed for an hour. Re peat this several times during the day by igniting the unburnt sulphur, and when the process is over put the cider in the barrel intended for it ow fill the bar rel with more cider and treat in the same manner, filling nearly full the barrel pre viously used. The operation is this: Sulphureous acid gas is formed, which the cider absorbs. This gas instantly ar rests all fermentation and destroys fungus, the consequence being a good, sweet article for almost an indefinite time. The sulphur gas is perfectly harmlessand imparts no unpleasant taste. To make apple butter, the cider should be used aa it comes directly from the press, as the sweeter the better, and porcelain-lined pots are best, as brass aud iron often cause metallic precipitation from the union of the acid of the cider (malic) with the metal. This is partially avoided when the cider is very fresh, yet there is danger at all times. Exposure to'the air allows cider to absorb oxygen, which forms alcohol. Further exposure admits more oxygen and we have vin egar. After awhile the vinegar will be changed by the oxygen into carbonic acid and water, which is a return to its primitive condition before entering the apple. All the acids of fruits, whether tartaric, citric or malic, are finally turned into carbonic acid, and the decomposi tion of cider is only the progress of changes that are ever taking place in all substances formed by the union of car bon, oxygen and hydrogen in fruits, for the same change takes place among the expressed juices of blackberries, currants, and even the .vegetables. Sugar added to cider strengthens it in alcohol by adding more carbon. Boston Star. time. Chicago Tribune. Miss Susan B. Anthony writes, in a letter to a friend : "It is on" the shoulders of the young woman that the work of completing the reform we older ones be gan more than thirty- years ago, as well as of writing the history of it, must now fall. We have done the best we could with our surroundings to carry woman to a higher plane of thought and action. It will be for the young woman just entering upon life's earnest purposes to learn from our failures as well as from our successes. Oh, how much I expect of you the young women of this age in the way of fullfilling the prophecies and carrying out the work of establish ing perfect equality of opportunity for the women of this republic!" Single copy sent to any address in the United States for ft ets. M. K. TURKEE & CO., Columbus, Nebraska. TRAVEL ONLY VIA Tl IK- KNOWN AS KOIt ALL MM NTS EAST AND WEST. "A LITTLE NONSENSE. Daily Express Trains are now run to Chicago, Omaha & Denver Via LINCOLN, AND 11KTWKKX KaaMiKCily, Atchison Jfc Denver. EXPHKSK ntAliVS luily - BETWEEN 2 OMAHA Those people who want to know why printers call the boy ''the devil," can readily bring themselves to understand it by employing a boy for a few days. Boston Post. "Why do good little children go to heaven when they die?" asked the teach er. 'Because," answered the bright boy at the head of the class, "because it's un safe to trust children in a place where there's a fire." Detroit Post. A well-meaning person gives hints, telling "How to live on seventy-five cents a week." We shall continue to live on eighty cents a week if we have to run in debt There is such a thing as being too (.V.U11U1U1V..11. 11V I ioiuioh Aie UiW. An exchange acknowledges the re ceipt of two books called "Matrimony" and "Heaps of Money." The publishera were very thoughtful. When a man in dulges in "Matrimony" he feels the need of "Heaps of Money." Burlington Uawkcye. When Brown's dog came into the house with a mouthful of trousers, for merly belonging to the boy who at tempted to rob Brown's -ear trees, Fogg remarked that he never saw a more beautiful illustration of lex talionia. The boy had made frequent breaches of the peace, and the dog retaliated by tak ing a piece of his breeches. Boston Post. A clergyman who had been staying some time at the house of a friend, on going away called to him little Tommy, and asked him what he should give him for a present. Tommy, who had great respect for the "cloth," thought it was his duty to select something of a religious nature, so he answered, hesitatingly: "I think I should like a Testament, and I know I should like a popgun." Some genius has invented n. UttU article called a "fire kindler." Unless it is made in the shape of a coal-oil can, the newly-imported servant girl will not touch it. If it contains something that will explode and knock the domestic end over end over two or three chairs, and burn on" her eyebrows without doing any other damage, there may be a large de mand for the "firc-kindler." Xorris tourn Herald. "Come, Mary," said Henry, the othei AND LINCOLN. All Through Trains an- equipped new and elegant with Pullman Palace Cars, Day Coaches and Curs of tin- 15.igg.ige and Kxpress latest deMifii. Through Tickets at Lowest Bates Are on sale at all principal Station. where passengers ean obtain intorm-itiou as to I.oute, Kates and Connection, and ran secure Sleepiug-Car accommodations. Quick Time. Sure Connections, No Delays, As train run to and from Union Depots at all princip.il point. r. . Kuxti. Oei.'l T'k't A'gt, Omaha. Xek. EVERYBODY Can now afford A CHICAGO DAILY. CHICAGO HEKAL1), All the Now e cry day on four large pages .of s.-xt-ii column .:!,. The Hon. frank VV . Palmer ( Iotinater of C'hi eago) Kditor-in-Chief. A Republican iai iv for $5 per Year, Three mouths, $1.."iO. One trial ."() cent. month on ? evening, as they were preparing tlie cnurcn vestry ror the monthly meeting, "you can lend a hand, can't you?" Said Mary.quite demurely, "And if Idid lend a hand are you quite sure you wouldn't keep if?" "No, by George" exclaimed Henry, his face lighting up with a new revelation; "No, I am sure I wouldn't give it up never never never." Of course thev were married, and of course they lived, happily ever afterwards. Clcicago Journal. m The most candid young man in Aus tin is Nicodemus Murphy. He called at the office of a wealthy citizen and came right out and said : "I .want to marrv your daughter. I can't live without her."' CHTCA O O "WEEKLY HERALD Acknowledged lj evervl.ody who lri read it to he the Iut eight-page p.tir ever published, at the low price of SI PER YEAR, Potage Free. Contains correct nrirket report', all the new, and general reading intc reU family. Special cliih! Samplu ing to the farmer and his terms to agent and Copie free. Aildres, CHICAGO HERALD COMP'Y 120andl22FiftIi-.iv., io-tr IIIK A;. ILL LUERS & HOEFELMANN, DKALKKS IN "Are you acquainted with my daughter?" "Not in the least." "How, "then, do you know you can't live without her?" Good work from human beings, just as from machinery, requires good treat ment, and the finer the quality and the K eater the quantity of the work the rger must be the outlay. Build facto ries that supply pure air, and the em ployes will produce more; but they will ask for more pay, because they will con sume more food and cannot lve on low wages. A donkey can exist on thistles. of course, and give a donkey return; but a race-horse cannot be placed on the same fare with profit to any one. K. Y. Independent.. you "Well, I heard you were going to give her lots of money when she maaried, and my personal expenses are so heavy I can't live without her or some other woman who has got money to support a hus band." Texas Sitings CHALLENGE WIND MILLS, The sealskin clothes worn by En gineer Melville during his terrible ex periences in the Arctic regions are objects of much interest at the Navy Depart ment Among the relics is a brilliantly colored foxskin cap belonging to Lieuten ant Berry, which was presented to him bv an Esquimau damsel. She confiscated his old cap because it was not pretty, and gave him one she had made henelf in re turn. Washington Post. A verdct of 83,000 was rendered at Syracuse, N. Y., a few days since, in favor of Florence Steggall vs. Fred. S. Pratt, for damages which she received in 1876 while attending school at Fayette- ville. Jf ratt threw a stick which acci-1 --- dentally hit Miss Steggall iu the eye and , Walter Mitchell, while in bathing inflicted a permanent injury. The de- j in the surf near Jacksonville, Fla., wai fendant, aged about twenty-one, lives in attacked by a monster shark, and narrow Dakota, and did not appear. I ly escaped an untimelv death by the AND PUMPS. Buckeye Mower, combined, Self Binder, wire or twine. Pumps Repaired on short notice! JSrOnc door west of Ileint.'s Dm. Store, nth Street, Columhu, Seb. 3 interposition of a man who hannened to clergyman's wife being , be near raking shells with a boat oar. UutJalo hackman lot , Justms the shark made a Iumre at Mr. Mitchell, the man dealt him a blow on the head with the oar, and Mr. Mitchell sustained no more .serious injury than having his abdomen grazed, leaving a bruise, and being badly frightened. Chicago Times. A Boston overcharsrea dv a - the trip between two railroad stations, had him arrested, appeared against him, saw him fined $12.50, and got back in time to take her train. If this is th genuine Boston "culchah," people will want more of it Detroit Free Press. (hr? A week inaiic at rS V, iodustriou. lte Lf I CV now before the pn " not needed. Wt home by the est busines pnblie. Capital ly. it-sit ... yon. -Men, women, ooys and girls want ed ever where to work for us. Sow i the time. You enn work in spare time or give your whole time to the busine'ss No other buines will pay you nearly as" well. .No one can fail to make enormous ju.j ) tuiiguig a i once. aim terms tree am A CotIy outfit i terms free. Money made fist, entity il honorably. Address Tkue Co ugubta, Elaine. 31 y A i