THE JOURNAL.
ISSUKD KVEHY WKONKSIIAY, .
M. Iv. TUKNER & CO.,
Proprietors and Publishers.
(fulumtms
3OFFICE, Eleventh St.. vp stairs
in Journal Untitling.
T Kit ms:
Per rear
Six months 1
Three mouths M
Single copies OS
TA
VOL. XIIL-NO. 29.
COLUMBUS, NEB., WEDNESDAY NOVEMBER 15, 1882.
WHOLE NO. 653.
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CONGRESSIONAL DELEGATION.
C. II. VaxWvck, U. S. Senator, Neb
raska City.
Alvix SAOXDEiiS,U. S.Senator,Omaha.
E. K. Valentine. Rep., West Point.
T.J. Majors, Contingent Rep., Peru.
STATE DIRECTORY:
Albixus Na.nck, Governor, Lincoln.
. J. Alexander, Secretary of State.
John Wallicbs, Auditor, Lincoln.
.M. Uartlctt, Tre-iMirer, Lincoln.
C.J. Dilworth, Attorney-General.
"W. V. W. Jones, Supt. Public lnstruc.
C.J. Sobes. Warden of Penitentiary.
yTV.Ahl'iey' r l'rion Inspectors.
C. II. Gould, '
J.O. Carter, Prison Physician.
11. P. Mathewon,Supt. Insane Asylum.
JUDICIARY:
George i. Lake.) . ...j.i., i,,,i.,..c
" ., . . J- Associate tMitiges.
Ainaa Cobb. t
S. .Maxwell, Chief Justice,
i'OUKTI! JTIICIAI.-I1M'KICT.
O. VT. Poit, Judge, York.
M. B. Reese, District Attorney. Wahno.
LAND OFFICERS:
M. B. Hoxie, RegNtev, Grand Island.
Win. Anyaii, Receiver, Grand Inland.
LEGISLATIVE:
State Senator. M. K. Turner.
" Representative. G. W. Lehman.
COUNTY DIRECTORY:
J. G. IIiggin. County Judge.
John Stau tier. County Clerk.
C. A. Newman, Clerk Dist. Court.
J. W. Earlv, Treasurer.
D. C. Kavanaugli, MieritV.
L.J. Cnner, Mirveyor.
M. .Ma Her,
M. Malicr, 1
Joseph Rivet, Countv C(
H.J. Hudson, )
Dr. A. Heintz, Coroner.
J. E. Moncrief Supt. of Sc
Joseph Rivet. Countv Commissioners.
J. E. .Moncrief Supt.of Schools.
?:5nl"2flu.J J.Ice.ofther..ce.
CITY DIRECTORY:
J. R. Meagher, Mayor.
A. It. Coil'roth, Clerk.
J. It. DelMiian, Treasurer.
W.N. Ilen-dey, Police Judge.
J. E. North, Engineer.
COl'XCILMEX:
1st Ward lohn Rickly.
G. A. S"hroeder.
iW Ward Pat. Hav.
I. Cluck.
3d Ward J. Rasinu-eii.
A. A. Smith.
47olumtUN Post Office.
Open on Sundays trom 11 a.m. to 12m.
and from -I::t0 to ( v. m. Business
hours except Sunday (! a. m. to ti P.M.
Eastern mails cloe at 11 a.m.
Western mails close at 4:1." p.m.
Mail leaves Columbus for Lot Creek,
Genoa, St. Edwards. Albion, Platte
Center. Humphrey, Madison and Nor
folk, every day (except Sundays) at
4 : :I5 p. in." Arrives at 10:55.
For Shell Creek and Creston, arrives at
12 m. Leaves 1 p. M., Tuesdays, Thurs
days and Saturdays.
For" Alexis. Patron and David City,
Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays,
1 p. M Arrives at 12 m.
For Conkling Tuesdays and Saturdays
7 a. in. Arrives f n. in. same days.
I). 1. 'rime 'Futile
Easttoard J found.
Emigrant. No. (. leaves at
Passeng'r, " 4, " "
Freight, " , "
Freight, " 10, " "
Westward Bound.
Freight, No. fi, leaves at
j'asseng'r, " :t, " '
Freight, " !. " "
Viiiin-r-iiil. " 7. " "
G:2.r. a
10:5:1 a
in.
in.
2:15 p. m
4:30 a. m
2:00 p. m.
1:27 p. m.
0:00 p. in.
!::) a. m.
Every day except Saturday the three
lines leading to Chicago connect with
V, P. trains at Omaha. On Saturdays
there will be but one train a day, as
hnwu by the following schedule:
It. & M. TIME TABLE.
Leaves Columbus, ...
" Bellwood.. ..
" David City, ...
44 Garrison, . ...
44 Ulysses,
44 Staplehurst,
44 Seward,
44 Ruby
Milford. .. .
44 Pleasant Dale,
44 Emerald.
Arrives at Lincoln.
. ft: 15 a.m.
(i::;o "
7.20 4'
7:40 44
8:25 44
8:55 44
i::to "
!:50 44
10:15 -4
10:45 '4
11:10 4'
11:45 m.
Leaves Lincoln at 2:25 p. M. and ar
rives in Columbus 8:.'10 p. M.
Makes close connection at Lincoln for
all points cast. West and south.
O.. N. .t B. II. ROAD.
Time Schedule No. A. To take effect
June 2, 'SI. For the government and
information of employees only. The
Company reserves the right to vary
therefrom at pleasure. Trains daily,
Sundays exceptvd.
Ouhtmril Hound. Inward Bound.
Columbus 4-M'i p.m. Norfolk 7:20 a.m.
LostCreek5:21
I Munson i:4i
PL Centre 5:42
Humphrey0;25
Madison 7:01
Muiison 7:4.T
Norfolk 8:01
.Madison .:vt
Humphrey!! :05
PI. Outre !:1S
Lost C reek 10.0!i
Columbus 10:55
ALIUOX 11KANCH.
Cohlinbiix 4:45 P.M.
LoslCreck5:ol '
Genoa . 0:10 4'
St.Eflward7:00 '
Albion 7:47 4
.Albion 7:43a.M.
St. Edward8:.t(l 44
Genoa 9:14 "
iLostCreek!:5! 44
IColum!)UslO:45 44
H. LUERS & CO,
BLACKSMITHS
AND
AVajzon "Builde rs9
HrlrV Slioji opposite IMntz'fc Hruit Store.
ALL KINDS OF WOOD ASD IRON WORK ON
WAGONS AND BUGGIES DONE
ON SHORT NOTICE.
Eleventh Street. Columbus. Nebraska.
50
NEBRASKA HOUSE,
S. J. MARMOT, Frop'r.
Nebraska Ave., South of Depot,
COLUnRUN, IVE1S.
A new house, newly furnished. Good
accommodations. Board by day or
week at reasonable rates.
jgTSeti a. Firt-Clfs Table.
Meals 25 Cts. Lodgings.... 25 Cts.
3S-2tf
COLUMBUS
Restaurant -and Saloon!
E. D. SHEEHAN, Proprietor.
t3T Wholesale and Retail Dealer in For
eign "Wines, Liquors and Cigars, Dub
lin Stout, Scotch and English Ales.
"Kentucky Whiskies a Specialty.
OYSTERS in their season, by the case
can or dish.
Utk fitrMttSemtk af Dayat.
BUSINESS CARDS.
nORKMUM Sc SULLHAM,
A TTORNEYS-A T-LA W,
Up-stairs in Gluck Building, 11th street,
Above the New bank.
TT J. HIJDSOIV,
NOTARY P UBLIC,
12tli Street, 2 doors west of HamMOnd floate,
Columbus, Neb. 491-y
ipvll. M. 1. TMUKSTOa,
RESIDENT DENTIST.
Otliee over corner of 11th and North-st.
All operations first-class and warranted.
C
IIM'AttO BARBER SHOP!
HENRY WOODS, Prop'r.
tSTEverything in tirt- class style.
AIm keep the best of cigars. SlO-y
ry i:kk &. reedkr,
ATTORNEYS AT LA W,
Oflicc on Olive St., Columbus, Nebraska.
2-tf
r G. A. IIULLHORST, A. 31., M. D.,
JlOJdEOPA TIU C PIIYS1 CI AN,
j2TTw6 Blocks south of Court House.
Telephone communication. 5-ly
ircALMNTER BROS.,
A TTORNEYS A T LA W,
Office up-stairs in McAllister's build
ing. 11th St. W. A. McAllister, Notary
Public.
r I. KVAWS, M. .,
PHYSICIAN & SURGEON.
3T Front room, up-stairs in Gluck
building, above the bank, 11th St. Calls
answered night or day. 5-Gm
J. M. MACKARLAXP, K- COWDERY,
Attcnij xsl Usury 7A1 e. CsUirtor.
LAW AND COLLECTION OFFICE
OK
MACPA.RLAND & COWDBRy,
Columbus, : : : Nebraska.
PAINTER.
USrCarriagc, house and sign painting,
glazing, paper hanging, kalsomining, etc.
done to order. Shop on lltth St., opposite
Engine House, Colunibu-. Neb. 10-y
Tp II.KUMGHE,
Nth St., nearly opp. Gluck's store,
Sell Harness, Saddles, Collars, Whips,
Blankets, Curry Combs, Brushes, etc.,
at the lowest possible prices. Repairs
promptly attended to.
c
IAUK A DKKHEKT,
LAND AND INSURANCE AG ENTS,
llUMRUliEY, NEBH.
Their lands comprise some fine tracts
in the Shell Creek Valley, and the north
ern portion ot Ptotte county. Taxes
paid for non-residents. Satisfaction
guaranteed. 20 y
byrox MiLLirrr,
Justice of the Peace and
Notary Public.
BVRO M1LLETT,
ATTORNEY AT LAW, Columbus
Nebraska. N. B. He will give
close attention to all business entrusted
.o him. 248.
T OUIS SCIIREIBER,
BLACKSMITH AND WAGON MAKER.
All kinds of repairing done on short
notice. Buggies, Wagons, etc., made to
order, and all work guaranteed.
jQTShop opposite the 44 Tattersall,"
Olive Street. "25
TTTACSMKR A WKHTCOTT,
ATT! IK
CHECKERED BARN,
Are prepared to furnish the public w'th
good teams, buggies and carriages for all
occasions, especially for funerals. Also
conduct a feed and sale stable. 40
J
AMES PEARS ALL
IS I'RKl'AKKI), WITH
FIRST - CLA SS A PPA RA T US,
To remove houses at reasonable
rates. Give tiim a call.
TWTOT1CE TO TEACHERS.
J. E. Moncrief, Co. Supt.,
Will be in his office at the Court House
on the first Saturday of each
month for the purpose of examining
applicants for teacher's certificates, and
for the transactton of any other business
pertaining to schools. S67-y
TAMES NAl.MO.
CONTRACTOR AND BUILDER.
Plans and estimates supplied for cither
frame or brick buildings. Good work
guaranteed. Shop on 18th Street, near
St. Paul Lumber Yard, Columbus, Ne
braska. 52 limo.
WILLIAM RYAN,
DEALKR IX
KENTUCKY WHISKIES
Wines, Ales, Cigars and Tobacco.
J3TSehilz's Milwaukee Beer constant
ly on hand. ft3
Elvvkxth St.,.
COLLMBUS, XEB.
Drs. MITCHELL & MAETYN,
COLUMBUS
HEDKAL & mm 'ram
Surgeons O., N. & B. H. R. R.,
Asst. Surgeons U. P. R'y,
COLUMBUS,
NEBRASKA.
JS. MURDOCK & SON,
Carpenters and Contractors.
Havenad an extended experience, and
will guarantee satisfaction in work.
All kinds of repairing done on short
notice. Our motto is, Good work and
fair prices. Call and give us an oppor
tunity to estimate for you. B3TShop on
13th St., one door west of Friedhof Jt
Co's. store, Columbus. Nebr. 483-v
$66
:a week in vour own town. $5
Outfit free. No risk. Every
thing new. Capita not re
quired. We will furnish you
everythlag- Many are making fortunes
Ladies make as much as men, and bo
and girls make great pay. Reader, if
you want a business at which you can
make great pay all the time you work,
write for particulars to H. Haixktt
Co., Portland, Maine. ij&a.y
ADVERTISEMENTS.
FIRST
National Bank!
COLUMBUS, If ER
Authorized Capital, -Cash
Capital,
S250.000
50,000
OFFICERS AXDDIRKCTORd.
A. ANDERSON, Pres't.
SAM'L C. SMITH. Vice Pres't.
O.T. ROEN, Cashier.
J. W. EARLY,
ROBERT L'HLIG.
HIRMANOEHLRICH,
W. A. MCALLISTER,
G. ANDERSON,
P. ANDERSON.
Foreign and Inland Exchange, Passage
Tickets, Real Estate, Loan and Insurance.
tSi-vol-13-ly
BECKER & WELCH,
PROPRIETORS OF
SHELL CREEK MILLS.
MANUFACTURERS AND WHOLE
SALE DEALERS IN
FLOUR AND MEAL.
OFFICE. COLUMBUS, NEB.
Dr. A. HEINTZ,
DEALER IN
OBIS. KElIft CHEMICALS.
WliVES, LIQUORS,
Fine Soaps, Brushes,
PERFUMERY, Etc., Etc.,
And all articles unually kept on hand b,
Druggists.
Physicians Prescriptions Carefully
Compounded.
Eleventh street, near Foundry.
COLUMBUS. : NEBRASKA.
SPEICE & NORTH,
General Agents for the Sale of
REAL ESTATE.
Union Pacific, and Midland Pacific
R. R. Landfe for sale at from 3.00 to $10.00
per acre for cash, or on five or ten years
time, in annual payments to suit pur
chabers. We have also a large and
choice lot of other lands, improved and
unimproved, for sale at low price and
on reasonable terms. Also business and
residence lots in the city. We keep a
complete abstract of titleto all real es
tate in Platte County.
021
COLUMBUS. NEB.
"PILLSBORY'S Bill
-BUY THE
Patent Roller Process
MINNESOTA
FLOUR!
ALWAYS GIVES SATISFACTION,
Because it makes a superior article of
bread, and is the cheapest flour
in the market.
Errrt sack warranted to run alike, or
money refunded.
HERMAN OEHLRICH & BRO.,
GROCERS.
l-3m
WM. BECKER,
DKALKR IX ALL KIXDS OF
FAMILY GROCERIES!
I KEEP CONSTANTLY ON HAND A
AVELL SELECTED STOCK.
Teas, Coffees, Sugar, Syrups,
Dried and Canned Fruits,
and other Staples a
Specialty.
Good Delivered Free to
part of tfce City.
ay
I AM ALSO AGENT FOR THE CEL
EBRATED COQTJILLARD
Farm and Spring Wagons,
of which I keep a constant supply on
hand, but few their equal. In style aud
quality, second to none.
CALL AND LEARN PRICES.
Cor. Thirteenth and K Streets, near
A. & If. Depot,
SQUIRREL AND RABBIT.
(ONE OF CXCLE OABE'S SOXOS.)
Mr. Bqu'el lie ran np de scaly-bark tree.
An he say: "Mr. Kabblt, don't you wish yon
was me?"
Mr. Rabbit he hide in de hen-nea' grass,
Forhescedat squ'el-dorg comtn' 'longfa9';
An' he ay: "Mr. Squ'el, I wouldn't be you,
'Cause I 'fraid you'll swim in do Sunday
stew!"
Mr. Stju'el he sot on de Bwlnjrin' 11m',
An be ax Mr. Rabbit Jes to look at him.
An' he say: "Mr. Rabbit, oh! whou did you
see.
In all your life, alch a feller as mo?"
Mr. Rabbit he laugh an' he sav: "Mr. Squ'el,
De white folks like your tas'e too wellt"
Mr. Squ'el he wait tell de plow-hands gone.
An' he clam right straight up a stalk o corn;
Den he bite de shuck an' he look right back.
An' he say: 'Mr. Rabbit, won't vou hab some
snack?"
Mr. Kabblt he say: "Oh, you better take
keer,
Fo dey mix you np wid de roas'In car!"
Mr. Squ'el he say: "Come an' go wid me,
An I'll show you inlghty quick how to clam
detree!"
Mr. Rabbit he dance an" he prance all 'roun.
An' he holler an' lmigh as he t romp tie srouii'.
An' he say: "Don't you ax me to ko wid yon,
'Cause I'a 'fraid you :rwine to de bobbykewl"
J. A. Macon. n the Century Magcuine.
THE TORNADO AND ITS ORIGIN.
The laws governing the rise and prog
ress of the terrible tornado, whose natu
ral home is the Missouri Valley, remain
Hp to this present time undiscovered ;
and though the theories volunteered on
the subject are unnumbered, not one of
them accords fully with the witnessed
facts. That their conduct is regulated
by exact mechanical principles there can
not be a doubt. Their recent frequency
and fury have challenged attention, and
the Signal Service is making strenuous
efforts to solve the intricate problem.
By the perseverence of William Red
field, of New York, and Col. Reid, of
England, the seasons and courses of the
great West Indian and Mauritian hurri
canes have been determined with great
pioeision. Rules have been published
by which a sailor may now know the
exact course of the hurricane he may
happen to encounter, thus enabling him
to steer his ship so as to ride safely until
the hurricane is gone.
This knowledge has proved a very
great blessing to navigators, and it is of
priceless value in preserving life and
treasure from the merciless deep. The
Mauritian hurricane occurs from Feb
ruary to April, and near the Mauritius
in the Southern hemisphere ; the West
Indian from August to October, and al
ways describes in its main course the
curve of an eclipse, which generally
crosses the West India islands, and, still
pursuing the eclipse, marches to the
northeast from the coast of Florida,
treading the waves of the Atlantic.
The liurricane and tornado are alike
in having a rotary and progressive mo
tion; they travel round and round as
well as forward, somewhat after the
manner of the motion of a corkscrew
through a cork. They differ as to du
ration and extent. The great hurricane
of August, 1830, which began at St.
Thomas, traveled to the banks of New
foundland, a distance of three thousand
miles, in seven days; and the great
Cuba hunicane of 1844 was eight hun
dred miles wide and traveled over an
area of two million four hundred thou
sand square miles. The tornado seems
to be a condensed hurricane; it expends
Its force rapidly, but with appalling
fury, and it rarely exceeds one-half a
mile in width.
The Missouri and Iowa tornado inva
riably appears as a funnel-shaped cloud,
black as the seven shades of Egypt.
Hanging poised for a few moments in
the western sky, and then rushing on
with stupendous violence, it levels
everything before it and leaves chaotic
ruin and dire calamity in its wake. Its
time of existence is usually from fifteen
to seventy seconds. It has been known
to leave the ground and rise into the
upper regions of the air, again to return,
striking the surface further on and re
newing its havoc as before. The his
tory of these tornadoes seems to estab
lish the fact that their general course,
though as zigzag as the ways of a poli
tician, is always northeastward. This
knowledge is of some practical utility,
as a person seeing the approach of "a
tornado from the we3t may possibly
avoid its path by a rapid flight to the
south. The force of a tornado is pro
digious. The East St. Louis tornado of
1871 lifted a mogul engine from the
Ohio & Mississippi Railroad track and
threw it to a distance of fifty feet. It
lifted a large steamboat also entirely
out of the Mississippi River and strewed
its wreck along the Illinois shore.
The great Marshfield tornado of 1880
leveled everything in its path; whole
rows of houses went down before it as
grass before the scythe, and the Court
house, one of the finest and most sub
stantial brick buildings in the State, and
in which the writer often preached, was
crushed as if it were merely an eggshell.
Trees were torn out of the ground and
completely shorn of their bark and
limbs. In the progress of the Grinnell
(Iowa) tornado many curious incident';
occurred. The Iowa College was blown
to pieces. In its third story was a piano,
and its cover was found thirty-five miles
away, while letters from the same col
lege were found forty miles off in anoth
er direction. Many 'things were carried
away and not found again ; the piano
itself was never found. In many cases
people were nnable to find a single relic
of their houses. From a pond in the
neighborhood water, fish, frogs, mud
and all were taken ont and the pond left
dry.
The latest and most admirable re
searches in eudiometry have been made
by Dumas and Boussingault. According
to their analysis a volume of dry air
contains 20.8 of oxygen and 79.2 of ni
trogen, beside traces of some few other
gases. Though the air is a mechanical
mixture and not a chemical compound,
such as laughing-gas or nitrous oxide,
where the nitrogen and oxygen lose their
characteristic properties, yet this pro
portion never changes. The air at the
bottom of the deepest shaft and the air
on the top of Mont Blanc was found by
Gay-Lussac to be exactly the same as
that taken in a balloon from 21,735 feet
above the earth. Nitrogen, which
forms four-fifths of the air, is a color
less, tasteless, odorless, permanent gas.
Its properties are mostly negative. In
the air its presence serves simplv to
dilute the oxygen. In an atmosphere
of pure oxygen combustion would be too
rapid and intense, and animals would
live too fast. Oxygen forms one-fifth of
the air by weight, eight-ninths of the
waters of our plains, and about one
third of its solidity. It is a colorless,
tasteless, odorless gas, which has never
oeen reaucea to the liquid state, it is
well to notice these liquid properties of
wo uuuauiuenu ux me sir wuen we are
examining into the origin of winds.
Heat is the sole agent in producing the
different winds. What, then, is the ef
fect of heat on the gases that constitute
the airP
Heat causes gases to expand one part
In 460 for every degree of Fahrenheit's
thermometer, beginning at zero. This is
quite considerable, as it amounts to one
ulrd of the initial volume in a Hm of
temperature from thirty-two to two hun
dred and twelve degrees Fahrenheit.
This expansion of the air reduces its
weight. The air is perfectly elastic and
presses equally, and is pressed upon
equally, in all directions. Anything that
heats one portion of the atmosphere be
yond the portions adjacent to it des
troys its equilibrium. The heated and
light air ascends, and the cold air from
the sides rushes in to restore the equili
brium. This is the very origin of the
wind. Air is a very bad conductor of
heat. On thi-t account the atmosphere
is not heated by the direct rays of the
sun. The air is heated by convection.
The surface of the earth is first heated
by the direct rays of the sun, and this
heat is conveyed to layer after layer of
the air, the warm air ascending and the
cold air decending. It is in a similar
way that water boils, for water is like
wise a poor conductor of heat. If air
were a good conductor of heat we
should have no tornadoes, for there
could be no very warm strata and very
cold strata in immediate contact. This
is illustrated by the behavior of heated
glass and iron. The iron is a good con
ductor, so that there can not be vast dif
ferences of temperature side by side;
but glass is a miserable conductor, so
that one part can be enormously hot
and the neighboring atom rigidly cold,
and the breaking of the glass by heat
follows as a consequence of the unequal
expansion.
The tornado is classed as a local var
iable wind. From a local cause a par
ticular region of the atmosphere becomes
suddenly and very materially heated and
ascends. The heavy cold air of the ad
jacent regions rushes in from all direc
tions. From the laws governing the
composition of forces we know that
these different motions generate a ro
tary motion, and at the same time a
progressive motion in the direction of
the resultant of these forces, or, more
technically, in the course of the atmos
pheric current in which the condensa
tion of the vapor into rain takes place.
The equator being more heated than
the poles, the air at the equator is con
stantly ascending and flowing toward
the poles in an upper current. The
cold air of the poles is constantly flow
ing toward the equator in an under cur
rent. These currents would flow due
north and south if the earth were sta
tionary. But a point on the equator
travels eastward at the rate of 17 miles a
minute, a point of 60 degrees north lati
tude at 8 1-2 miles a minute, and a point
at the pole Is at ret. A current flowing
from the North Pole to the equator is
therefore constantly meeting with por
tions of the earth having a more rapid
motion than its own, and is thus de
flected toward the we3t and appears to
move from northeast to southwest. Ow
ing to the fact that the earth is moving
toward the east faster than the wind,
the wind is in the condition of a body
being acted upon by two forces, and it
describes the diagonal of a parallelo
gram, or moves in a southwest direc
tion. The upper current from the
equator to the pole will, of course, flow
in an opposite direction. These direc
tions are considerably modified by the
configuration of the earth's surface over
which these currents flow. Mountains,
valleys, forests, plains and large bodies
of water play parts in shaping the career
of the currents. In the temperate lati
tudes these equatorial and polar cur
rents begin to interfere. The cold wind
going south grows warmer, and the
warm wind going north grows oolder.
About the temperate zone they strike a
balance; one current descending and
the other ascending, they come into
frequent collisions. The Missouri Val
ley, beside being the scene of these war
ring elements, is also a kind of battle
ground between opposing currents of
wind originating in the varying alti
tudes, pressures and temperatures of
the vast plateaus and mountain tracts of
the surrounding continent. Such are
some of the causes that make this valley
the regular parade ground of the torna
do and the favored scene of its frantic
gambols.
The people are now beginning to
study the tornado question in the loca
tion and structure of their houses.
When the paths of the tornadoes are
known and mapped out they will either
be avoided or due precaution will be
made to successfully withstand their
shocks. Certain paths favored by them
on account of the topography of the
district have been marked out,"and oth
ers will be, while stretches of country
avoided by thee visitants will be indi
cated with" more or less certainty in the
course of time, when all the data are
collated and compared. Thus Leaven
worth, in Kansas, is on the very path
of the tornadoes and suffers terribly
every season, while Kansas City, not far
distant, is seldom disturbed. Tho most
important desideratum is the multipli
cation of observations and the intelli
gent gathering of all possible data, and
then right theory and true explanation
will inevitably follow.
The tornado seems to spring up and
acquire its full force almost instantly,
apparently in disregard to the laws of
inertia. This phenomenon admits of a
simple explanation. Bodies in the gas
eous and liquid states possess a certain
amount of latent heat. Water has one
hundred and forty degrees of latent
heat. This heat is not sensible to the
touch, and yet water must part with
this amount before it can be reduced to
the solid state. Steam must part with
one thousand degrees of heat when it
passes from the vapor into water. One
thousand degrees is the latent heat of
steam. Hence, when cold and warm
currents of air impinge on one another
and occasion a sudden condensation of
the vapors of the atmosphere, an enor
mous amount of heat is instantly gen
erated and causes such a rapid over
throw of equilibrium as to make the
rush of air-currents paroxysmal.
The anemometers now used by the
Signal Service, both for computing the
rate of motion of the wind ana the pres
sure oh the square foot of opposing sur
face, are delicate and very superior in
struments. Experiment has established
a fixed relation between the velocity
and the pressure of the wind. The pres
sure is proportional to the square of
the velocity. A velocity of 30 miles an
hour exerts a pressure of two pounds on
the square foot, and consequently 80
miles an hour presses 32 pounds, and a
pressure of 93 pounds requires a velocity
of about 140 miles an hour. The great
est recorded pressure of gyrating wind
was exerted by the East St. Louis tor
nado of 1871. The pressure was 93
pounds on the square foot, demanding
a velocity of 140 miles an hour. Nor
need we be astonished at this high de
gree of speed, seeing that air flows into
a vaccuum at the rate of 1,280 feet a
second, or 872 miles an hour. Rev. W
S. Brennan, in Catholic World.
A young man at Seneca, N. Y., sold
ont his claim on the girl he was engaged
to for seven five-cent cigars, ana now
she is tearing mad to think she was
valued at less than fifty oenta. Detroit
Frte Press
The Old Rail Fence.
Tho placing of barbed wire fences
around farms, usurping the place of the
old rail fence, destroys half of the pleas
ure of farming. There is something
about the old rail fence that is real com
fortable, and the barbed wire fence is
forbidding, cold, repulsive. Until you
come to think of it, there does not
seem as though there was a great deal
of solid comfort in a rail fence, btft
there is. Did you ever see two old
farmers leaning against a rail fence,
whittling, and talking politics or a horse
trade for hours together? They are
more comfortable, and rest more than
thev would if thev were ocennvinor the
j softest sofa, or the best stulVed arm
chair in the world. There are so many
shapes a man can get into, to rest,
about a rail fence. First, the farmer
will fold his arms and rest them on the
top rail, and lean his breast on the
fence, and talk for half an hour, until
his legs are tired, then he will step one
foot tip on the second rail from the
bottom, and stand and whittle for half
an hour, until the top of the rail is as
polished as a piece of mahogany. Then
lie will change feet and leau one elbow
on the se 'ond rail from the top, and
sharpen his knife on his boot, and talk
for half an hour about how he is going
to pay the mortgage on his farm next
year." After that position becomes irk
some he will turu his back to the fence,
stand on his heels, and place his two
elbows on the top rail, and lean against
the fence, and for half an hour he will
tell about how the old mare that he is
trying to trade oil" cleaned out all the
teams on the road coming bank from
the celebration at town, after the lire
works on the Fourth, and how, if he
wasn't fixed just as he is, and wanted
the twenty dollars boot money to send
Nathan off to the select school, there is
no man on earth could buy that mare.
Then he will get tired and stand around
sideways, put his left arm up on the
fence, and begin to whittle swain, and
swear the man that runs the cheese fac
tory down at the corners is skinning us
farmers out of our eye-teeth. W thout
goiiig into details as to niuety-nine
other combinations by which a farmer
can rest on, about or against a rail
fence, it may not be out of place to
speak of sitting on top of a fence. The
farmers, after trying several positions,
will instinctively cl'mb up the fence
and rest on the top rail, their feet rest
ing on the third rail from the top,
which is always laid with projection
enough to make good footing, and an
hour will pass as the fellows talk of the
times when they settled in the country,
and of the hardships they have endured,
and how the ch41ren have grown up
and gone away, and the conversation
will drift into a sleepy channel, and the
sun will begin to sink in tho West, and
the hornv-handed sons of toil will sud
denly remember that the chores are to
be done, and with a "good-night,
Lige." and a, "Drop around agin to
morrow. Ike,M they will .separate, and
one will take a milk-pail and a one
legged stool and go towards the lot
where the cows have come home, while
the other will go across the road to his
barn aud throw down some hay for the
horses, and the' will both go to bed at
eight o'clock as tired as though they
had been mowing. But they had a
splendid, easy visit on the old railfence.
PecL's Sun.
New Ida in Shirts.
A man with the courage of his cou
victious upon the subject of masculine
attire has at last come to the front
shirt-front. The Philadelphia Record
man takes his life in his hands and pro
tests against the iron-clad shirt. The
custom of wearing in the summer stitiiy
starched collars and cutis with sheet
iron shirt bosoms that no sun will wilt,
is one. he thinks, which no brave man
should follow. The suggestion comes a
little late in the season, but the leaven
may do its good work for next 3'car.
The only substitute this daring inno
vator suggests is that of the woolen
shirt, which, to his long'ng eyes, looks
lovely as he sees it worn by yachtmen
and bicyclers. Why should not all gen
tlemen adopt these comfortable gar
ments, cries this perspiring editor, and
why not now? Woolen shirts may be
very well in their way, but if men aro
going into the dress-reform business,
why not display a little of the courago
we have tried to instill into the souls of
our sisters. "Never mind public opin
ion, but wear what is sensible and com
fortable," is language that has a famil
iar sound in this connection. The wool
en shirt, blue, plaid or polka-dotted, has
its uses, but it is more beautiful in the
furnishing-store window than when
adorning a manly ehest. It is not ap
propriate for all occasions; it is not
"dressy," and its advantages in point
of coolness over the iron-elad artiele are
not entirely clear when the thermometer
is in the nineties. What the man of
the period wants, the man who will
not be bound by slavish custom and
can call his soul and his back his own,
is a muslin shirt. A nice, thin, cool
lawn (not lawn tennis) shirt, with no
starch, and such trimmings as may suit
his taste and purse, should satisfy the
most fastidious. The classic style of
man will need no decorations, but the
less highly fax'ored will doubtless pre
fer trimmings in the way of rullles, em
bro dery, or even lace," to replace the
old expanse of shining linen. Collars
can be dispensed with; ruffles and
ruches, ladies say, are much more be
coming as well as more comfortable,
and comfort is what is wanted. Or
fichus can be worn, or embroidered
handkerchiefs, crossed upon the breast
and fastened with the large diamond, or
other gem, that has hitherto glittered
in the heavy pasteboard shield known
as a scarf. Man has not, since the rev
olutionary days, had a fair opportunity
to exercise his taste or choice in the
matter of color or decoration. He has
been forced to attire himself in gar
ments precisely like those of a hundred
thousand other men, and. thus, in a
measure, lose his identity. He is a
creature of habit, but not lacking in
courage, and here is his opportunity to
assert himself. He can at once be beau
tiful and engaging (in which case the
girls will like him better), and he can
likewise be comfortable. The Record
man will, doubtless, have many con
verts to his idea, and will do well to
take out a patent on iL Indianapolis
Journal.
Some men never forget their cau
tion. For example, at a recent revival
a minister said that he was the conduct
or of a salvation train, the accommoda
tionsVwere fin-t-class; that there were no
misplaced switches to fear, and that
Peter was waiting to receive them at
the depot at the other end of the line.
Thereupon a tall, gaunt, keen-visaged
man in the outskirts of the crowd, ad
dressing the clergyman, said: "I'm a
good deal consaraed in what yeoti her
to say. stranger, and if yeou km git me
a baek seat on enay of them air keen
for half price, In by ticket." C
eugo Herald.
Meat From the West.
The high price of meat has led to a
supply of enormous quantities of fresh
meat from the West, which is now a
peculiar feature of the New York niar
,ket. The business naturally grew out
of the operations of the great Western
meat-packing houses, which have sought
this opportunity to dispose of their
choicest pieces at higher prices than
could be got for cauneil meats. When
the SL Louis Beef Canning Company
aud Libby. McNeil & Libby succeeded
after a long contest in the courts in
breaking the patents by which it was
sought to maintain a monopoly in put
ting up meat in cans, there was a natu
ral increase in the business, ami. as the
price of meats advanced, there were
moro choice pieces to be disposed of.
Armour & Co., of Chicago, kill about
500 cattle a day. The St. Louis Beef
Canning Company packed 200.000 ani
mals last year, and sometimes kill 700
in a day. " Libby, McNeil & Libby, of
Chicago, also do au immense business,
and these three linns aiv sending for
ward the bulk of the fresh meat that
conies to New York. The supply is
steady, and several firms in New York
make a biiMiiess of supplying retail cus
tomers with fresh meat killed in Chi
cago or St. Louis. Not only are choice
tenderloins sold in this wa, but even
infer.or cuts are sold at lower rates than
meat killed in and near New York.
It is admitted that the Western nnats
are not of the ver Luest quality, such
as is old here at fifty to seventy-live
cents a pound. But it is claimed that
the meat is much better than that of cat
tle starved and thirsty that are brought
to this cit -dive.
There ' een complai.it among the
Western ers that the New York
butchers ha.e formed a ring to keep out
their meat. Mr. Le Fcvre V. Styles, of
the St. Louis Beef Canning Company,
said one day last week: "1 had 1,000
pounds of nice beef tenderloins yester
day, nice enough for anybody, and I
was glad enough to sell them at sixteen
cents a pound. I have no doubt but
that this meat is sold at retail for tweu
ty or thirty cents a pound. The com
bination agiinst Western meat was so
great last winter that they got the prices
down to sixteen cents a pound. But
we put Gin's iu cold storage, and kept it
until we got eighteen cents a pound,
which is a high price for us."
The growth of the trado has led to
the building of great refrigerators for
both storage and transportation, and
tiie cold storage business in large cities
is rapidly becoming immense. Mr.
Styles says his firm is building a refrig
erator that will cost $100,000. Another
firm have immense refrigerators where
they keep the Western meat ready for
daily delnery.
Although the railroad freight for
fresh meat carried in refrigerator cars
is double that for live cattle, the actual
freight of the consumable meat is less.
The prospects are that the keen compe
tition of busiiie-s-inen to secure profits
from the present exorbitant prices will
continue to supply the New York mar
ket with increasing quantities of West
ern meaL N. Y. Sun.
The Picturesque Side of Poverty.
Poverty, as we must all own, need
not of necessity be squalid. Cross the
Channel aud take a look at the conti
nental towns and cities. There the life
of the lower classes has its picturesque
side; the result, or possibly the caue of
a natural taste for the beautiful being
developed even in the poorest peasant
The fisher-girls upon the opposite coast
deck their persons as well as their
houses, and go about their daily tasks
unconscious models for the artist. The
blue-bloused peasant working in the
fields must supply his bit of color to
complete the lundscapej and the bour
geois condemned to town-life would not
sufier about him the sad-colored houses
and sober sun oundings which we allow
under our gray skies. What a host of
stnrcd-up pictures crowd into the mind,
as memory fills in the pleasant back
ground of a poor man's life abroad!
EVen the lazy lazzaroni who lounge
through fife under Italian skies ask
their alms upon palace-steps, amid the
plash of fountains and the S"ent of
orange-grove-! But what a revolting
contrast presents itself when we think
of a poor man's life at home in Seven
Dials or similar slums, the Augean
stables of civilization, whoe cleansing
and beautifying must needs prove an
Herculean task!
Ami sight is not the only sense grati
fied upon the other side of the Channel.
The ear is pleased as well as the eye.
Open-air concerts are put within reach
of the people at a mere nominal co,t. or
at no cost at all. The German imbibes
with his beer a refreshing draught of
music, which elevates him above the
mere sensual enjoyment of the moment.
The mountaineer jodels his way cheerily
from Alp to Alp, and peasant voices
everywhere lend themselves almost mi
consciously to a "concord of sweet
sounds," which makes the wheel of life
revolve smoothly and harmoniously.
Chambers' Journal.
Too Many Generals.
A Detroit saloon-keeper who spent
considerable money for decorations aud
worked his pairioti-m up to the lop
round, was heard wondering if any of
the General w u!d be around to see
him, and this gave one of his acquaint
ances a clue to work on. He went off
and put up a job with a friend, and
yesterday morn ng walked him in the
saloon and said:
"Allow me to introduce General
Alpaca Smith, the hero of three wars aud
eighty-four battles."
"Sheneral, I vhas gladt to ee you."
said the saloonht, and he set 'em up for
three.
In the course of twenty minutes the
deceiver returned with another stranger
onhis arm and said:
"Allow me to introduce General Com
missary Jones, the man who fired tho
first gun in the war."
"Sheneral. I vhas blessed to shake
hands mityou," said the man of beer,
and he set 'em up aga n.
Then the friend went out antl re
turned with General Hard Tack, and
after him came Generals Debility and
Back Pay. The last one received a
rather cool greeting, and the bcer-glas-es
were not quite full, and after he
had departed the saloonist turned to
his friend and said:
"My Irent,-1 vhas mooch bleased to
see all dose groat Sheucrals in mine
saloon, but you needn't bring any more
to-day. From now until night we'll
let tier Shenerals go und look out for
der lighting man. Dose men always
bav cash for beer!" Detroit Free Press.
The whole town of Mineral Ridge.
Mahoning County, O., is caving in from
three to he feet in consequence of the
removal of the coal. The New York,
Pennsylvania & Ohio track settled two
or three fcei near the depot a few days
ago. und the hole had to be filled with
cinders. Chicago Time.
KATES OP ADTEKTIMinC.
QTBusiness and professional cards
of five lines or less, per annum, live
dollars.
35? For time advertisements, apply
at this office.
jSTLegal advertisements at statu
rates
SSTFor transient advertising,
rates on third page.
JSTAll advertisements payabl
monthly.
PERSONAL AN LITERARY.
Mrs. E. D. E. N. Southworth is r
ponsible for sixty-four novels.
Edmund F. Kidder, of Kensington,
lear Hartford. Conn., has been a Fre
aiason for seventv-four years. He wu
born in 178.
One of the first manufacturers ot
table cutlery in this country. Mr. John
Evans, recently died inMenden, Conn..
at the age of seventy-five years.
The richest man in Mexico Is aa
Irishman named Patricio Milmo, whd
owns a 400.000 acre farm, and is repute!
to be worth $10,000,000. When h
went to Mexico he had not a dollar,- but
got a start by a fortunate marriage.
Chicago Journal.
Deacon Samuel Waldo, of Perry;
Village. Wyoming County, N. Y., wha
has attained the venerable age of eighty
six years, has lately married a neighbor
in the person of Miss Harriet Ham
mond. aged seventy years. The bride,
who is the good Deacon's sixth wife,
was an early teacher of President
Arthur.
Next to the movements o road
agents those of editors are watched with
jealous suspicion by Colorado reporters.
Says the Denver Tribune man: "Mr.
F. IL Alison, editor of the Georgetown
Courier, is iu the oity getting his hair
cut. Mr. N. P. Babeock, of the Gunni
son News-Democrat, is also in town hav
ing some dental work done."
A literary club of Cincinnati, no
in its thirty-thinl year, has given the
country from its members one President,
IL B. Hayes; two foreign ministers, Mr.
Noyes to France, Mr. Taft to Austria;
one Chief Justice. Salmon P. Chase;
one Associate Justice, Stanley Mat
thews; two Cabinet officers. Judge Taft
and J. D. Cox. Harper's Bazar.
Captain Mayne Reid. in his " Rural
Life of England" articles in the New
York Trilmne, says that in many part
of that country the agricultural laborer
gets only fifty" cents a day, and of course
all Sundays, and rainy days, etc., are
his loss, he being always hired by the
day. Fifteen dollars amonth for a fam
ily of four or five persons, and perhaps
more, is certainly starvation wages.
Concerning the death of his wife,
Frederick Douglass recently wrote to a
friend in the West: "Tho main pillar
of my house has fallen. Four and forty
years have passed away since our union.
Life cannot hold much for me. now
that she has gone. Still I feel that the
lesson taught by this death, as by all
such, is silence, resignation, humility
and hope. We are all strangers and
sojourners." Chicajo Tribune.
According to an old servant of the
Bronte family, the sisters were in the
habit of beginning their literary tasks
at nine in the evening. Emily Bronte,
however, often worked in the daytime.
"Mam's the time that I have seen Miss
Emily put down the tally iron as she
was ironing the clothes to scribble
something on a pieco of paper. What
ever she was doing, ironing or baking,
she had her pencil and paper by her.
I know now she was writing Wuther
ing Heights.' "
This is the centennial year of
Thomas H. Benton, John C. Calhoun,
Lewis Cass. Martin Van Buren, and
Daniel Wubster each having been bora
in 1782. Of these Van Buren wa
l'resident of the United States; Cal
houn aud Van Buren were Vice-Presw
dents: Calhoun, Cass, Van Buren anoj
Webster were Secretaries of State,.
while Benton was Senator for thirty
years. Calhoun died in 18.rj0. Webster
in 152, Benton in ISiiS, Van Buren in
1862. aud Cass in 1H6G. Chicago Tribune.
HUMOROUS.
An old bachelor leaving his board
ing house lor a week's ourney, after
taking leave of his landlady, stepped up
to a salt mackerel on the table, shook
him by the tail, and said: "Good-bye,
old fellow, I will see vou when I re
turn." Young ladies who are afraid that
lovers are after them for their money
can make au effective defense by regu
larly buckling down to the wash-tub
and filling the back-yard with white
linen every Monday morning. Chicago
Inter Ocean.
We are sorely puzzled by an asso
ciated press dispatch, which says the
country seat of an editor, near Long
Branch, was robbed on Sunday night.
There is something about this dispatch
we cannot undersand. Middletotvn
Transcript.
A New York man says he keeps
chops and steaks for several days in tho
hottest weather by burying "them iu
meal. Meal is a goo. I thing in any
weather fT steaks and chops. We
more particularly refer just now to tho
morning meal. Dunbnnj News.
Oatmeal is really a very good
thing to make the skin fine aims ift. if
it is used iu cold water as a u-jwh. We
always had a notion that oatmeal could
be put to some good use. Heretofore
it has been principally used by crank.-
who keep boarding houses as a means
of killing appetites for breakfast. The
JUlilJ' .
Hundreds of thousands of men die
annual!- from strong drink. Kansas
Prohibitionist. We never undertake to
criticise any other editor, but we do not
believe that any man can die annually.
Annually means everj-year, and no man
can die every year, for'any great length
of time, unless he has a "great deal of.
practice and experien -e at the business.
Jcxus sittings.
"So you've weaned the baby," said
a lady to her next doorne ghbor. "Yes,
I didthat some time ago Why?" The
querist stepped out on the front porch
as she replied: " Well, judgingfrrjn tho
lapping noise I heard last night, J knew
you were bringing him up by hand!"
The door closed with a bang that could
have been heard over in the next coun
ty. Norristawn Herald.
A Cincinnati society reporter has
mysteriously disappeared, and foul play
is suspected, although it is possible
that he is hiding somewhere in the
Rocky Mountains, as he was well sup
plied with railroad passes. His last
artiele was an account of the marriage
of a pork-packer's daughter, in which
report he used the term "swell wed
ding." It came out in the papers "swill
wedding." Philadelphia News.
The seashore correspondents of
some of our variously esteemed contem
poraries appear to find the ocean in a
highly devotional and reverential mood
this season. One of this ilk speaks of
4 the loud hosannas of the waves," an
other of "the solemn hymns of the
surges," and a third of "the deep T
Deum of the midnight tide." All oi
which is very beautiful and poetic. Bet
even when you come down to hard amd
prosaic fact, the idea seems to be car
ried out and strengthened. Oae dee
not need to g very far frcon Boston any
day to see Ocean Spray. A key fta
this joke will be fnrnUhed readers am
applicative at this office. Jests Jtmy