i
THE JOURNAL.
RATEM OI' AIYEItTINi:YG'.
Space. Ito 2to lmo 3m Bnt lyr
lcol'um $12.00 $20 J $25 $35 $C0 $100
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IS IsSUKl) EVKKY WEDNESDAY,
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M. K. TURNER & CO,
fS
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4 inches S.25 7.50 11 14 15 27
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Business and professional cards ten
lines or less space, per annum, ten dol
lars. Legal advertisement at ststutu
rates. "Kditorial local notices" fifteen
cent a line each insertion. "Local
notices " five cents a line each Inser
tion. Advertisments classified as. "Spe
cial notices" five cents a line first inser
tion, three cents a line each subsequent
insertion.
13
i.
n
Proprietors and Publishers.
t
HTOfliee, on llth street., upstairs in
VOL. XL-NO. 46.
COLUMBUS, NEB., WEDNESDAY, MARCH 16, 1881.
WHOLE NO. 566.
1a . m - 1 44 aWIAv 7j(L .144 4A44t4l
II III7 MM II III III II 1114 -iiiiiir II II
)
ft
I,
J
.
r ax
I
Journal building.
. Terms Per year, ?2. Six mouths, $1.
Three month. 50c. Single copies, 5c.
!F. SCHECK,
Manufacturer and Dealer in
CIGARS AND TOBACCO.
ALL KINDS OK
SMOKING ARTICLES.
Store en Olive St., near the old Post-office
ColumbuB Nebraska. 447-ly
IIKNRY LITERS,
BLACKSMITH
-AND
"Wagon Maker,
Mmn near Koumtrj. soulli of Jt. & S. Depot.
All kind of wood and iron work ou
Wagin, lliigplc. Farm Machinery, V.
Kutipt on hand the
TIMPKKX SPRING BUGGY,
nml other eastern buyyies.
AI-SO, THE
"Fuvst 33v.nd.lev Plows.
An
v.
M.S.URAKE
HA .ITST
UKCK1VED
WCK OF
LAUOE
TAi.1. AND WINTER
Y
:-
T3T A Kl 1.1. AhSOimiENT OF KV
KliYTHIXO ItKI.ONOINt! TO
FlirST-OI.ASS MILLIX-
KItY STOltK.Jgl
Twelfth St., tiro floors east State Hank.
F. GERBER & CO.,
DEAI.EIUJ IN
: FURNITURE ,
AND UNDERTAKERS.
tf
TABLES, Etc., Etc.
:o-
GIVE 1II.M ACAI.I.AT HIS IM.ACK
ON SOUTH MDE licit ST.,
One door east of IIeintz"s drug store.
-CITT-
V X -' TVTfia.t Market !
One iloor u.irth of Post-otliee,
NEUllASKA AVE., Coluuiliux.
- - o:
KKKP ALL KINDS OK
Fresh and Salt Meats,
. A LSO
Etc., in their season.
- o-
t3r'nli paiil for lliilox. I.nrd
mitt IIuCUU.
842-x
W1I.L..T. KIOKLY.
NEW STORE!
I H?!M Qshlmcb . m.
(Successors to HENRY KRO.)
All customers of the old hrm are cor
dialh incited to continue their pat
ronage, the Mime as heretofore; to
gether with an mauy new custo
mers as vih to purchase
Good Goods
For the Least Money.
STATE BANK,
Etccsiurj u 3ira:i i Iii xii Tsnir 4 Eilxt.
COLUMBUS, NEBRASKA.
CASH CAPITAL, - $50,000
DIRECTORS:
Lkander Gerrard, Pres'l.
GhO. W. Hulst Vice PrcJt.
Julius A Reed.
Edward A. Gerrard.
Abner Turner, Cashier.
BaBk of Deposit, UUcoubI
sb1 Exchaace.
Collection Promptly .Hade on
all Point.
pay Iatereet oh Tine Depos
it. 274
LUBKER
Booksellers
-) DEALERS IX (-
Sewing Machines, Organs,
Small Musical Instruments,
Sheet Music, Toys and Fancy Goods.
JSTIf you want anything in our line, give us a call.
cIiism tt'oml, nt ilie lowest living; price.
SING-ER SEWING
CORKER 13tk AN
ADVERTISEMENTS.
END SPRINGS,
PLATFORM SPRINGS,
WniTNEY & BREWSTER
SIDE SPRINGS.
Light Pleasure and Business Wa
ons of all Descriptions.
We are pleased to invite the attention
of the public to the fact that we have
jiint received a car load of "Wagons and
Huggiet of all description!, and that we
are the sole agents for the counties ot
Platte, Butler, Boone, Madison, MerricW,
Polk and York, for the celebrated
CORTLAND WAGON COMP'Y,
of Cortland, New York, and that we are
ojleriug these wagons cheaper thau any
other wagon built of same material,
stjloand tinih can be sold for in this
county.
JSTSeiid for Catalogue and Price-list.
PHIL. CAO,
Columbus, Neb.
4S4-tf
JSDERICAJST
VESICAL & SUWl IKITiiOi:
HWwmJLJ
-j3v
r -. t:
. II
''b as jj
IV-
T. ?. VITCHELL, ii. B.
D. T. HAETTH. V. D
S. E. HEECIE, li. C, 1 : C. SEUISC, it. D., of Omihi,
Conrulting Physicians and Surgeons.
For the treatment of all classes of Sur
gery and deformitieB ; acute aud
chronic diseases, diseases of the eye
and ear, etc., etc.,
Columbus, Neb.
JEWELRY STORE
OF
G. IEITIEMPER,
ON ELEVENTH STREET,
Opposite Speice & North's land-office,
lias ou hand a tine selected
stock of
REPAIRING A SPECIALTY.
J2TALL GOODS SOLD, ENGRAVED
FREE OF CIlARGE.Jga
Call and see. No trouble to Bhow
good-. 519.3m
Wm. SCHILZ,
Manufacturer and Dealer in
BOOTS AND SHOES!
A complete Kortaitut of Ladle d Chil
dren' Shoe kept on hand.
All Wort Warranted!!
OHr Ittotto Good stock, excellent
work and fair prices.
Especial Attention paid to Repairing
Cor. Ollrii and 13th Nts.
BECKER & WELCH,
PEOP.'SIETOES 0?
SHELL CREEK MILLS.
MANUFACTURERS & WHOLE
BALE DEALERS IN
FLOUR AND MEAL.
OFFICE.-COL UMB US, NFB. '
' - IT r rrwTTT ii i
ifl'
Pnysic
Snmeons
Wafts
CttaiMffl
& CRAMER,
? Stationers,
We sell none but first
MACHINES at $25.
OLIVE STREETN.
TT7KBER KNOBEL,
AT THK
HEAT UKR!
Oa Elevaatk Streat,
Where meats are almost given away
for cash.
Beef per lb., from 3 10 rts.
Best steak, per lb., 10 "
Mutton, per lb., from C 10 "
Sausage, per lb., from 8 10
E3"bpecial prices to hotels. fC2-ly
TJEHIBY GAHH,
Manufacturer and dealer in
Wooden and Metalic Burial Caskets
All kinds and sizes of Kobes, also
has the sole right to manufac
ture and sell the
Smith's Hammock Reclining Chair.
Cabinet Turning and Scroll work. Pic
tures, Picture Frames aud Mouldings",
Looking-glass Plates, Walnut Lumber,
etc., etc COLUMBUS, NEB.
Dr. A. HEINTZ,
DEALER IN
DBUGS. MEBICIIES. EHEMICALS
WINKS, LIQUORS,
Fine Soaps, Brushes,
PERFUMERY, Etc., Etc.,
And all articles usually kept on hand by
Druggists.
Physicians Prescriptions Carefully
Compounded.
Eleventh street, near Foundry.
COLUMBUS. : NEBRASKA
ANDERSON & ROEN,
BAISTKEES,
KTJCVKNTH ST.,
COLUMBUS, NEBRASKA.
t3T Deposits received, and ititerest paid
on time deposits.
JSTPrompt attention aiven to collec
tions and proceeds remitted on day of
payment.
XSTPassaae tickets to or from European
points by best lines at lotcest rates.
$3TJ)ratts on principal points in Eu
rope. REFERENCES AND CORRESPONDENTS:
First National Bank, Decorab, Iowa.
Allan & Co., Chicago.
Omaha National Bank, Omaha.
First National Bank, Chicago.
Kountze Bros., N. Y.
SPEICE & NORTH,
General Agents for the Sale of
Real Lstate.
Union Pacific, and Midland Pacific
R. R. Lands for sale at from $3.00 to $10.00
per acre for cash, or on fiye or ten years
time, in annual payments to suit pur
chasers. We have also a large and
choice lot of other lands, improved and
unimproved, for sale at low price and
on reasonable terms. Also business and
residence lots ip the city. We keep a
complete abstract of title to all real es
tate in Platte County.
033
COLU9IBU8. NER.
LAND, FARMS,
AND
CITY PROPERTY FOR SALE
AT THE
Union Facfic Land Office,
On Lony Time and low rate
of Interest.
All wishing to buy Rail Road Lands
or Improved Farms will find it to their
advantage to call at the U. P. Land
Office before lookinr elsewhere ar I
make a specialty of buying and selling
lands on commission; all persons wish
ing to sell farms or unimproved land
will find it to their advantage to leave
their lands with me for sale, as my fa
cilities for affecting sales are unsur
passed. I am prepared to make final
proof for all parties wishing to get a
patent for their homesteads.
U3J"Henry Cordes, Clerk, writes and
speaks German.
SAMUEL.C. SMITH,
555-r U' ' ToluliBuTNEB. I
J 3iSSr", 7aAM
BUSINESS CARDS.
pOKNEI,IUN Sc NIJl.I.lVAA,
ATTORNFYS-AT-LA W,
Up-stairs in Oluck Building, llth street,
Above the New bank.
JOHN JMHAUGBAIV,
JUSTICE OF THE PEACE AND
NOTARY PUBLIC,
Plattk Center,
Neb.
H.
J. HUDSON,
NOT AMY PUBLIC,
12th Street, 2 doors west of Hammond Home,
Columbus, Neb. 491-y
ptK. mi. D. THIIK8TO.H,
RESIDENT DENTIST.
Office over corner of llth and North-st.
All operations first-class and warranted.
IHICAGiO BARBER SHOP!
HENRY WOODS, Prop'r.
JQTEverything in first-class style.
Also keep the best of cigars. 610-y
IITcAI.I.IMTER BROS.,
A TTOIINEYS AT LA W,
Office up-stairs in McAllister's build
ing, llth St.
C II. KIJSCHE,
llth St., nearly opp. duck's store,
Sells Harness, Saddles, Collars, Whips,
Blankets, Curry Combs, Bruslic-, etc.,
at the lowest possible price. Repairs
promptly attended to.
M.
J. THOMPSON,
NOTARY PUBLIC
And General Collection Agent,
St. Edwards, Boone Co., Neb.
NOTICE!
IF YOU have any real estate for sale,
if you wish to buy either in or out
of the city, if you wish to trade city
property for lands, or lauds for city
property, give us a call.
WaDSWORTH & JOSBET.Y.V.
NKLrfON MILLXTT. BYRON MILLKTT,
Justice of the Peace aud
Notary Public.
N. MILEiETT 4k RON,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW, Columbus,
Nebraska. N. B. They will give
close attention to all business entrusted
to them. 248.
T OUIS SCnREIBER,
BLACKSMITH AND WAGON MAKER.
All kinds of repairing done ou short
notice. Buggies, Wagons, etc., made to
order, and all work guaranteed.
ETShop opposite the " Tattersall,"
Olive Street. f&"
"P J. SCIIUG, HI. .,
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON,
Columbus, lVel.
Office Corner of North and Eleventh
6ts.,up-itairs in Gluck's brick building.
Consultation in German and English.
TX7IVI. BURGESS,
Dealer in REAL ESTATE,
CONVEYANCER, COLLECTOR,
AUD IHSU8AHCI AOIMT,
GENOA. NANCK CO., - - NRB.
OLATTERY & PEARSALL
ARE PREPARED, WITH
FIRST-CLASS APPARATUS,
To remove houses at reasonable
rates. Give them a call.
S. MURDOCK & SON,
v Carpenters and Contractors.
Have had an extended experience, and
will guarantee satisfaction in work.
All kinds of repairing done on short
notice. Our motto is, Good work and
fair prices. Call and give us an oppor
tunity toestimate for you. JgTShop on
13th St., one door west of Friedbof &
Co's. store, Columbus. Nebr. 483-y
LAW, REAL ESTATE
AND GENERAL
COLLECTION OFFICE
BY
W.S.GEEE.
MONEY TO LOAN in Bmall lots on
farm property, time one to three
years. Farms with some improvements
bought and s'old. Office for the present
at the Clother House, Columbus, Neb.
4iJ-X
COLUMBUS
Restaurant and Saloon!
E. D. SHEEHAN, Proprietor.
Jiff Wholesale nnd Retail Dealer in For
eign Wines, Liquors and Cigars, Dub
lin Stout, Scotch and English Ales.
JSTKentucky Vhiskies a Specialty.
OYSTERS in their season, by the case
can or dish.
llth Stret. Sontk ef Depot
NEBRASKA HOUSE,
S. J. MARMOT, Prop'r.
Nebraska Ave., South of Depot,
COLUMBUS, NEB.
A new house, newly furnished. Good
accommodations. Board by day or
week at reasonable rates.
20eta a Flrst-Class Table.
Meals, 25 Cents. I Ladgiugi.
38-2tf
...25 Ctl
THE AIREM.
THE FIRST BLOW FOR LIBERTY.
Fellow Citizen's: We stand to
day upon au emineuce which over
looks a hundred years of national
life in a country crowded with perils,
but crowned with triumphs of lib
erty and love. Before continuing
our onward march, let us pause ou
this height for a moment to strength
en our faith aud renew our hope, by
a glance at the pathway along which
our people have traveled. It is now
three days more than a hundred
years since the adoption of the first
written constitution of the United
States, the articles of confederation
and of perpetual union. The new
republic was then beset with danger
on every hand, and had not conquer
ed a place in the family of nations.
The decisive battle of the war for
independence, whose centennial an
niversary will be gratefully celebrat
ed at Yorktown, had not been fought.
The colonists were struggling not
only against the armies of Great
Britain, but against the settled opin
ions of mankind, for the world did
not believe that the supreme author
ity of government could be safely
entrusted to the guardianship of the
people themselves. We cannot over
estimate the ferveut love of liberty,
the intelligent courage and saving
common sense which our fathers
made
THE OUEAT EXPERIMENT
OF SELF-
GOVERNMENT.
When they found, in a ehorl time
that tho confederacy of states was
too weak to meet the necessities of
a vigorous and expanding republic
they boldly set it aside and in its
stead established a national union,
founded upon the will of the people,
endowed with the future powers of
self-preservation and with ample
authority for the accomplishment of
its great objects. Undor this con
stitution, the boundaries of freedom
have been enlarged, the foundations
of order and peace have been
strengthened, and the growth iu all
the better elements of national life
has vindicated the wisdom of its
founders aud given new hope to
their descendants. Under this con
stitution, our people made them
selves safe against danger from
without and secured for their marin
ers and flag an equality of rights on
all seas. Under this constitution
twenty-five states have been added
to the union, with their constitutions
aud laws trained and enforced by
their own citizens to secure the
manifold blessings of local self-government.
The jurisdiction of this
constitution now covers an area fifty
times greater than that of 17S0. The
supreme trial of the constitution
came at last under the tremendous
pressure of
A CIVIL WAR.
"We, ourselves, are witnesses that
the Union emerged from the blood
and fire of that conflict purified aud
made stronger for all the benificent
purposes of good government ; aud
now at the closo of this first century
of growth, with the inspirations of
its history in their hearts our people
have lately reviewed the condition
of the nation, passed judgment upon
the conduct and opinions of its
political parties and have registered
their will concerning the future
administration of the government
and to interpret and execute that
will in accordance with the consti
tution is the paramount duty of the
executive. Even from this brief
review, it is manifest that the nation
is resolutely facing to the front, re
solved to employ its best energies
in developing the great possibilities
of the future, sacredly preserving
whatever ha9 been gained to liberty
and good government during the
century. Our people are determin
ed to leave behind them all those
bitter controversies concerning
things which have been irrevocably
settled, and further discussion of
which can only stir up strife and
delay our onward march. The su
premacy of the nation and its laws
should be no longer a subject of
debate. That discussion which for
half a century threatened the exist
ence of the Union was closed at last
in the high court of war by a decree
from which there is no appeal. That
the constitution and laws made in
pursuance thereof are and shall
continue to be
THE SUPREME LAW OF THE LAND
is binding alike upon the states and
the people. This decree does not
disturb the autonomy of the states
nor interfere with any of their nec
essary rules of local self government,
but it does fix and establish the su
premacy of the union. The will of
the nation speaking with voice of
battle, and through an amended
constitution has fulfilled the great
promise of 177C by proclaiming "lib
erty throughout the land to all the
inhabitants thereof."
THE EMANCIPATED BLACKS.
The elevation of the pegro race
from slavery to the full rights of
citizenship is the greatest aud most
important political change we have
known since the constitution of 1787.
Xo thoughtful man can fail to appre
ciate its beneficent effect upon our
institutions aud people. It has freed
us from danger of war and dissolu
tion ; it has added immensely to the
moral and industrial force of our
people; it has liberated the master
as well as the slave from a relation
which wronged and enfeebled both ;
it has surrendered to their own
guardianship and manhood more
than five million people, aud has
opened to each one of them a career
of freedom and usefulness; it has
given new inspiration to the power
of self-help in both races by making
labor more houorable to one and
more necessary to the other. The
influence of this force will grow
greater aud bear richer fruit with
coming years. No doubt the great
chaugo has caused serious disturb
ance to
OUR SOUTHERN COMMUNITY.
This is to be deplored, though it wa9
unavoidable, but those who resisted
the change should remember that
under our institutions there was no
middlo ground for tho negro race
between slavery and equal citizen
ship. There cau be no permanent
disfranchised peasantry. They are
rapidly laying the material founda
tions of self-support, widening the
circle of intelligence and beginning
to enjoy the blessings that gather
around the homes of the industrious
poor. They deserve tho generous
encouragement of all good men. So
far as my authority can lawfully ex
tend they shall enjoy the full aud
equal protection of the constitution
and laws. The free enjoyment of
equal sufirnge is still iu question
aud a frank statement of the issue
may aid its solution. It is alleged
that in many communities negro
citizens are practically denied the
freedom of ballot. In so far as the
truth of this allegation is admitted,
it is answered that in umuy places
honest local government is impossi
ble if
THE MASS OF UNEDUCATED NEGROES
are allowed to vote. These are grave
allegations. So far as the latter is
true it is the only palliation that can
be ottered for opposiug the freedom
of ballot. Bad local government is
certainly a great evil, which ought
to be prevented, but to violate the
freedom and sanctity of sutfrage is
more than an evil itisacrime which
if persisted in will destroy the gov
ernment itself. Suicide is not a
remedy. If in other lands it be high
treason to compass the death of a
king, it should be counted no less a
crime here to strangle our sovereign
power aud Btitle its voice. It has
been said that unsettled questions
have no pity for the repose of the
nation. It should be said with the
utmost emphasis that this question
of sullrage will never give repose or
safety to states or to the nation until
each withiu its own jurisdiction
makes aud keeps the ballot free and
pure by the strong sanctions of law.
In the United States, freedom cau
never yield its fullness of blessing
so long as the law or its administra
tion places the smallest obstacle in
the pathway of any virtuous citizen.
The emancipated race has already
made
REMARKABLE PROGRESS.
With unquestioning devotion to
the Union with a patience and gen
tleness not bom of fear they have
"followed the light as God gave
them to Bee the light." But the
danger which arises from ignorance
in the voter cannot be deuied. It
covers a field far wider than that of
negro suffrage and the present con
dition of that race. It is a danger
that lurks aud hides in the corners
and fountains of power in every
state. We have no standard by
which to measure the disaster that
may be brought upon us by ignor
ance in citizens when joined to cor
ruption and fraud in suffrage. The
voters of the Union, who make and
unmake constitutions, and upon
whose will bangs the destiny of our
government, can transmit their su
preme authority to no successor save
the coming generation of voters,who
are the sole heirs of sovereign pow
er. If that generation comes to its
inheritance blinded by ignorance
and corrupted by vice, the fall of
the republic will be certain and
remediless. The census has already
sounded the alarm in appalling fig
ures which mark how dangerously
high the tide of illiteracy has risen
among our voters to their children.
To the south the question is of su
preme importance, but the responsi
bility for the existence of slavery
did not rest upon the south alone.
The nation itself is responsible for
THE EXTENSION OF THE SUFFRAGE,
and is under special obligations to
aid in removing the illiteracy which
it has added to the voting popula
tion. For north and south alike
there is but one remedy. All con
stitutional power of the nation and
of the states and all volunteer forcos
of the people should be so used to
to meet this danger by the saving
influence of universal education. It
is the high privilege and sacred duty
of those now voting to educate their
successors, and to fit them by intelli
gence aud virtue for the inheritance
which awaits them. In this benefi
cent work sections and races should
be forgotten and partlzanship should
be unknown. Let our people find a
new meaning in the divine oracle
which declares that "A little child
shall lead them," for our little chil
dren will soon control the destinies
of the republic. My countrymen,
we do not now differ in our judg
ment concerning the controversy of
past generations, and fifty years
hence our children will be divided
iu their opinions concerning our
controversies. They will surely
bless their fathers and their father's
God that the Union was preserved,
that slavery was overthrown, and
that both races were made equal
before tho law. Wo may hasten or
we may retard, but we cannot pre
vent the final reconciliation. It is
not possible for us now to make a
truce with time by anticipating and
accepting its inevitable verdict. En
terprises of tho highest importance
to our moral aud material well-being
invite us, and offer amplo scope for
the employ of our best powers. Let
all our people leaving their battle
liold of dead issues, move forward
and iu the strength of liberty and
restored union with tho grandest
victories of peace.
THE PROSPERITY
which now prevails is without par
allel in our history. The fruitful
seasons have done much to secure
if, but they have not done all. The
preservation of public credit and the
resumption of specie payments, so
successfully attained by the admin
istration of my predecessor, ha9 en
abled our people to secure the
blessing which seasons have brought.
By the experience of tho commercial
nations in all ages it has been found
that gold and silver offer the only
safe foundation for a monetary sys
tem. Confusion has recently been
rested by variations in the relative
value of the two metals, but I confi
dently believe that arrangements
can be made between the leading
commercial nations which will se-
cure a general use of both metals.
Congress should provide that the
compulsory coinage of silver now
required by law may not disturb our
monetary system by driving either
metal out of circulation. If possi
ble such adjustment should be made
that the purchasing power of every
coined dollar will be exactly equal
to its debt-paying power in all the
markets of the world. The chief
duty of the national government in
connection with the currency of the
country is io coin and declaro its
value. Grave doubts have been en
tertained whether congress is auth
orized by the constitution to make
any form of
PAPER MONEY A LEGAL TENDER.
The present issue of United States
notes has been sustained by the
necessities of war; but such paper
should depend for its value and cur
rency upon its convenience in use,
and its prompt redemption in coin at
the will of the holder and not npon
its compulsory circulation. These
note3 are not money, but promises
to pay money. If the holders de
mand it the promise should be kept.
The refunding of the national debt
at a lower rate of interest should be
accomplished without compelling
the withdrawing of the national
bank note and thus disturbing the
business of the country. I venture
to refer to the position I have occu
pied on the financial question during
my long service in congress, and to
say that time and experience have
strengthened the opinions I have
so often expressed on these subjects.
The finances of the government shall
suffer no detriment which it may be
possible for my administration to
prevent.
TnE HUSBANDMAN.
The interests of agriculture de
serve more attention from the gov
ernment than they have yet received.
The farms of the United States afford
homes and employment for more
than one-half of our people and fur
nish much the largest part of all our
exports. As the government lights
our coasts for the protection of
mariners and the benefit of com
merce, so it should give to tillers of
the soil the lights of practical science
and experience.
THE MECHANIC.
Our manufactures are rapidly
making us industriously independ
ent, and are opening to capital and
labor new and profitable fields of
employment. This steady and
healthy growth should still be main
tained, our facilities for transporta
tion should be promoted by a con
tinued improvement of our harbors
and the great interior waterways and
by the increase of our tonnage oa
the ocean.
THE BIG DITCH.
The development of the world's
commerce has led to an urgent de
mand for shortening the great sea
voyage around Capo Horn by con
structing ship canals or railways
across the isthmus which unitos the
two continents. Various plans to
this eud have been suggested and
will need consideration, but none of
them havo beon sufficiently matured
to warraut the United States iu ex
tending pecuniary aid. The subject
is one which. will immediately en
gage the attention of the govern
ment with a view to the thorough
protection of American iuterests.
We will urge no narrow policy nor
seek peculiar or exclusive privileges
iu any commercial route, but in the
language of my predecessors, I be
lieve it is to be "the right and duty
of the United States to assert and
maintain such supervision aud auth
ority over any inter oceanic canal
across the isthmus that connect
North and South America, as will
protect our national interests."
AS TO RELIGION.
The constitution guarantees abso
lute religious freedom. Congress Is
prohibited from making any law
respecting the establishment of re
ligion or prohibiting the free exor
cise thereof. Tho territories of the
Uuited States are subject to the
direct legislative authority of con
gress, aud hence the general gov
ernment is responsible for any vio
lation of the constitution in any of
them. It is therefore a reproach to
the government that in the moat
populous of territories this constitu
tional guarantee is not enjoyed by
the people and the authority of con
gress is set at naught. The Mormon
church not only offend the moral
sense of mankind by sustaining po
lygamy, but prevents the adminis
tration of justice through the ordi.
nary instrumentalities of law. In
my judgment it is the duty of con
gress while respecting to the utmost,
the conscientious convictions and
roligious scruples of every citizen to
prohibit withiu its jurisdiction all
criminal practices especially of that
class which destroy tho family re
lations, endanger the social order.
Nor can any ccclesiaqtican organiza
tion be safely permitted to usurp in
the smallest degree the functions and
powers of the national government.
THE CIVIL SERVICE
can never be placed on a satisfacto
ry basis until it is regulated by law.
For the good of the service itself,
for the protection of those entrus
ted with the appointing power
against a waste of time and obstruc
tion to tho public business, caused
by inordinate pressure for place and
for the protection of incumbents
against intrigue and wrong, I shall
at the proper time ask congress to
fix the tenure of the minor offices of
the several executive departments
and prescribe the grounds upon
which removals shall be made dur
ing the terras for which incumbents
have been appointed. Finally, act
ing always within the authority aud
limitations of the constitution, inva
ding neither the rights of the states
nor the reseryed rights of the peo
plp, it will be the purpose of my ad
ministration to maintain authority,
and in all places within its jurisdic
tion, to enforce obedience to all laws
of the Union in the interest of the
people, to demand a
RIGID ECONOMV
in all expenditures of tho govern
ment and to require an honest and
faithful service of all execntive offi
cers, remembering that officers were
not created for the benefit of the in
cumbents or their supporters, but
for the service of the government.
CONCLUSION.
And now, fellow-citizens, I am
about to assume the great trust
which you have committed to my
hand. I appeal to you for that ear
nest and thoughtful support which
makes this government iu fact and
in law a government of people. I
shall greatly rely upon the wisdom
and patriotism of congress, and of
those who may share with me the
responsibilities and duties of the
administration, and above all upon
our efforts to promote the welfare of
this great people and their govern
ment, I reverently invoke the sup
port and blessing of Almighty God.
Compressed peat in London, aud
indeed in almost all the towns of
considerable size throughout Great
Britain, is rapidly coming into nse.
On one of the moat important rail
road lines, too, compressed peat has
for some time past been used, and
with entire satisfaction, the fact ap
pearing, from the engineer's report
that twenty-one pounds of peat will
raise steam for a mile of transit,
while the number of pounds of coal
required to do the same work is
twenty-six. Its cost is less than one
half that of coal.
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