Forest Tree Culture
Written for the Longlook Club.
I will fcubmit a. few Mcas on what
1 kuov abcut forest lice culture.
"What I know about this subject
may be told on a few pages. What
I don't know about it would till
xnauy volumes.
The people of this j'oung state arc
fast awakening to the importance of
this great interest. -A vast amount
19 annually f-et out, and while full
success rarely attends the efforts of
our people in this great industry,
yet we arc gradually gaining in tim
ber acreage gradually gaining in
our experience of the different kinds
of timber and the proper cultivation
of the same. As uu illustration of
the development of this experience
I may slate that many of us now
know that if we plant a dead tree it
won't grow. We have also found
out that it is waste of time to plant
trees and have them as scratching
posts for cattle it may be very
pleasant for the cattle, but is death
to the trees. "Wc have learned bv
bitter experience that good sized
trees should not be planted with
puddling sticks if you are deter
mined to plant your tree in a hole
three inches square I suggest that
you cut the branches all off, sharpen
the stem or truuk of your tree and
drive it down with a beetle roots
upwards it will grow just as well
as if the roots were cramped into a
three inch hole, and is much handier.
To be successful in the raising of
forest, trees wc must observe the
sarao primary rules that govern in
the successful raising of any other
vegetable growth. "We should have
good, sound, living trees to plant ;
good soil to plant them in, and they
should receive proper care when
planted.
Prom my experience and observa
tion 1 consider Cottonwood, box
elder, ash, and walnut among the
best kinds for plauiing The col
tonwood is of the quickest growth
and consequently furnishes shade,
shelter and fuel sooner than any
other variety of tree. Our expe
rience with the culiivatcd cotton
wood satisfies us that it is more sub
ject to decay than when it grows in
its natural slate. Wo must concede
that tho Almighty is more success
ful than man in tins regard. Culti
vated cottonwood timber, after
seven years growth, generally com
mences to fail, principally on ac
count of the borers, hence it would
be well for the fanner who is wise
:n hid generation to mix the cotton
woods with ash or walnut, say al
ternate', so that when the cotton
woods die out or are cut down, the
more sturdy ash or walnut would
remain as lasting memorials of the
foresight and wisdom of the said
farmer. And now a word in regard
to tho kind of ground to plaut trees
iu. All the ground in Platte county
is good enough for trees, excepting
tho alkali beds. All kinds of forest
trees seem to flourish equally well
n our valleys and our table-lauds,
'crimps the cottonwood grows more
apidly iu our lower valleys where
t sinks down its myriad of roots and
umps up the water for its truuk
nd branches, for tho cottonwood,
ou know, is an inveterate toper.
Tho soil should be in good condi
tion to insure proper growth. Trees
will not prosper iu a raw or young
soil, becauso the particles arc too
coarse. The soil should be culti
vated at least three years before tho
trees arc planted. Of course, many
trees may grow in soil if planted the
second year after it is broke, but
nothing is gained by planting so
soon, ami much is lost. A trco can
not derive as much sustcnanco from
a coarse, uncultivated soil as from a
fine and cultivated soil. The fibrous
roots arc the great foragers of the
tree, they supply it with flesh and
blood, as it were, aud these fibrous
roots find no homo in a coarso soil.
Dosidus, the coarser the soil, the
more readily is it dried out and the
more injurious is the action of tho
frost on tho roots. If trees must be
put in a young or coarso soil, place
abuudauco of mulching around the
trco, this will keep the earth moist
aud cool iu summer, and modify the
action of the winter's frost.
Ilow should a tree be planted?
"Well, I have not como to that part
of the business yet. Before planting
your tree it has to be dug up aud
brought to-lhe place of planting. It
is as necessary for you to be present
at Xlils business yoursciras it would
be for you to be present at your own
wedding neither can be properly
done without you. Iu digging the
tree out of its original site be care
ful aud leave it plenty of roots; do
not cut half the roots aud then pull
the tree out. Dig thoroughly around
tho roots, cut every one and com
pletely sever tho connection. If
j-our child's feet were caught in tho
barn floor you would not pull on his
arm with ail your strength until you
broke off his toes iu gettiug him out
The tree is possessed of as lino and
delicate organisms as your child
there are skin, veins, tendons, arte
ries, nerves, bone and 'marrow, these
may all be injured or destroyed by
rough yage, just the same as the
organisms of a human being by like
usage. If wc only fully understood
the operations of natural law.s as
applied to vegetable organisms, the
inevitable connection between cause
and effect iu the minute workings
of nature, we could .readily perceive
the analogy existing between vege
table and animal organizations. It
is safe to say ihat like causes will
produce like results in the vegetable
as well as in the animal kingdom.
There arc natural causes for all de
formities, imperfections and dis
eases. I have seen a great many
hunch-back trees, many suffering
from spinal disease, and not a few
with broken arms aud dislocated
joints. Trees sometimes have scrof
ula, aud an occasional leper is found
iu their ranks. All this goes to
prove the necessity of preserving
intact their physical organization.
But to proceed with the planting of
tho tree. When the tree is dug up,
protect the roots from the sun and
wind. If you cannot remove a por
tion of the original soil with the
roots, be careful to have them cov
ered by a wet gunnysack or some
thing similur until the tree is depos
ited iu the hole prepared for it. You
may exempt the cottonwood, ash
and box elder from the rigid opera
tion of this rule, but still allow as
little exposure as possible in plant
ing thcac trees. "With all ever
greens and also the walnut this rule
must be strictly cu forced. You
must guard the roots of the walnut
aud the evergreen as carefully aud
tenderly as you would guard your
own infant babe. "With ash, cotton
wood. maple, elm, box elder aud a
few other varieties you may relax
the rule. Wo have now got the
tree at the hole ready to plaut. A
word about the hole. It must not
boa post-hole, neither should it be
a cellar. The size of the hole de
pends largely upon the condition of
the ground iu which the tree is
planted. If your soil has been cul
tivated a number of years and has
Iiad the advantage of a succession of
deep plowiugs, you need not mako
the hole much larger than the one
from which you took the tree. On
the contrary, if the soil is hard and
soddy tho hole must be much larger
than tho lateral dimensions of the
roots of the tree. The object is to
have a loose, well-pulverized soil
through which the roots may spread.
Dig ihc hole a few inches deeper
than the depth you plant tho tree,
then fill iu with fine earth aud pack
the bottom pretty well, leaving the
bottom of the hole slightly convex.
It is now ready for the tree. Now
cut ofl'all the fag or bruised cuds of
the roots. If a root is broken, cut
it off cleanly just above the fracture
as a surgeon would amputate a
mashed or broken finger. "When
this is done put the trco into the
hole, spread the roots in their nat
ural order over tho bottom surface,
the convexity of which will give the
roots a slightly downward inclina
tiou, be very careful in arranging
the fibrous roots, the larger ones
will almost tako care of themselves,
uow cover with a few Inches of
moist surface soil and pack aud
tamp it down firmly about the roots
with yourhands tho man who wo'd
use his boot for this purpose canuot
raise trees. You have now about
three inches of nice fine soil well
Limped around tho roots of your
tree there are no open spaces or
vacuums about tho rootF, but every
thing is firm and well packed. Then
empty a pail of rain water into tho
bole, and allow the samo sufficient
time to be absorbed by tho soil.
Now put ou a few inches more of
fine earth and then tramp it until
you have tramped it enough then
tramp it more, but mind and don't
let your big cow-hides touch the
bark about the trunk of the treo or
you'll skin it. Continue this process
until you have the soil well rounded
up about your tree. Don't spare
the tramping. The great secret of
success is the encasing of the roots
by the earth. Do not use very much
water in planting your trees, never
use enough to make a mortar of the
soil, for wheu the soil dries and
hardens it will crack and draw away
from the roots and leave a vacuum
or open space and the confined air
will form a mould and rot the roots.
Your tree is now planted. The
next consideration is the trimming
of the branches. This may or may
not be necessary. In this matter
you must bo governed by the cir
cumstances of each case. If the tree
has a full supply of roots and a mod
erate supply of branches you need
not trim, but if the roots are meagre,
trim iu proportion, always bearing
in mind that the roots arc the sup
pliers and the trunk and branches
the consumers. Do uot trim your
evergreens unless you are obliged to
do so; but if you do trim them, im
mediately apply a little grafting
wax to tho wound, it takes but little
time and is not expensive, fifty cents
worth will be sufficient for six hun
dred ordinary trees. In this State
the walnut is inclined to bush or
branch to such an extent that we aro
obliged to keep it constantly trim
med and in no case should you cut
off a branch from a walnut without
applying the wax to tho fresh
wound. If you fail in this the treo
will bleod or ran its sap gradually
during tho year, and beneath the
wonnd yon will in the course of a
few years observe the bark and
wood rotted away, besides tho wal
nut has a large, open pith, which
will take in the rain and rot uuIcbs
closed and protected by the wax or
some other impervious substance.
And now a few hasty words about
the varieties to plant. For hasty
shelter and fuel, cottonwood. For
shade, shelter and ornament, box
elder. The wood of the latter is no t
worth much. For general utility,
ash. -I believe the a9h 19 the erreat
staple tree for Nebraska. "When
properly cultivated it is of reasona
bly rapid growth and when six or
eight inches in diameter is worth
money. The hard maple will not
grow here, it is a narrow-minded,
bigoted tree aud unsuited to the
spirit-of our western institutions.
The soft maple cannot be depended
upon. It is a fast liver, makes loo
mucn splurge in the beginning, puts
on too much style for its means and
becomes bankrupt in a few years.
The elm is a noble tree aud docs
well here. The walnut is sure if
properly attended to. It is of rather
slow growth, but when it has at
tained a respectable size is valuable,
riant walnut trees and it will be
money iu your pocket Jong years
after you arc dead plant lots of
them and your widow's second hus
band will bless your memory.
J. G. IIigcsins.
It costs just (en dollars to ship a
cai load of freight from Chicago to
the Mississippi river towns, includ
ing river transfer, aud it costs just
ten dollars toship a carload of freight
across the Missouri river at Omaha.
In other words, the Iowa pool lines
charge ten dollars a car for carrying
a car load of freight two hundred
miles, including the transfer across
the Mississippi river. The Union
Pacific monopoly exacts ten dollars
for carrying a carload of freight less
than three miles across tho Missouri.
But we are admonished not to men
tion this, because the Union Pacific
employs several hundred people in
Omaha and has otherwise contribut
ed toward the growth of the city.
Omaha lice.
"What constitutes the chief happi
ness of your life?" asked a serious
Sunday-school teacher. She blush
ed, and then replied : "It is that
John has at last fixed the day."
Tho amount of pin-money re
quired by the married woman de
pends on whether she uses diamond
pins or rolling pins.
When you wake up at night and
hear the baby crying, look out for
danger for there is a rock ahead.
The boys aro shocked at the report
that Edison has invented "a lightn
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J. C. ELLIOTT,
-AGENT FOU THK
STOVER WIND MILL
$20 OSCILLATING FEED MILL,
And All Kinds of Pump
AND
PUMP MATERIALS!
ALSO
Challenge Wind and Feed Jft'lls,
Combined Shelter and Grinder,
3ult Mills, Uorsc Powers,
Corn Sheila's and
Fanning Jfills.
rumps Repaired 011 Short Notice,
Farmers, conic and examine our mill.
You will tint! one erected on the premises
of the Hammond House, in good running
order.
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COLUMBUS, NEBRASKA.
CASH CAPITAL, - $50,000
d:kkctohs:
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Geo. W. Uulst, Vice Pes'
Julius A Reed.
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Aisn'eij Turner, Cashier.
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GUS.A. SCHROEDER,
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AND A KUI.L LINK OF
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COLUMBUS, NEBRASKA.
i.-l-x.
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ATTENDS TO ALL P.USIXESS per
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COLUMBUS, NEB.
E. C. HocKKxnKRGKit, Clerk,
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GOOD, HARD-BURNT BRICK
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rTi-tf
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Challenges Comparison, Distances
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iSTOflice with A. HENRY,
OLIVE ST., : COLUMBUS, NEB.
tfl-tf
J o
2H 5s
JU-s lj -
e(J
H
en . P
O -0 S
3 v" sbSH.O SitvPl
r ; vi ,y f - 5T ij 'Zi. - - "
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e
TO
ST -
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P3
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en
0
GO
SPEICE & NORTH,
Genera Agents for the Sale of
Real Estate.
Union Pacific, and Midland Pacific
R. It. Lands for sale at from 1.00 to $10.00
per acre for cash, or on five or ten years
time, in annual payments to suit" pur
chasers. AVc have also a large and
choice lot of other lands, improved and
unimproved, for sale at low price and
on reasonable terms. Also biiMucss and
residence lots in the city. We keep a
complete abstractor title to all real es
tate in Platte Countv.
C33
COUJ25IH, ft'IUE.
ICI
k
Daniel Faucette,.
.Manufacturer and Dealer in
Harness,
Saddles, Bridles, and Collars,
keeps constantly on hand all kinds of
whips, Saddlery Hardware, Curry
combs, Brushes, Bridle Bits, Spurs,
Cards. Harness made to order. Re
pairing done on short notice.
NEBRASKA AVENUE, Columbus.
53.1.
GrALBRAITHBROS
(Successors to Gus. Lockncr)
Dealer in all kinds of
Agricultural Implements
AGENTS FOR
Tlie ImprOTcd rinanl HarTcster, Wood Binder,
31niT-r, llrapers, and SeirRakex. Aluotho
famous Minnesota t'liIcrThreslier.Hortsw'
Header, and lVlnship llros.' celebra
ted Yanelcss Wind 3IIII Puinpx
etc., I!a?sj- Tops orall stjlrs
Just ircelrcd.
Farmers, loolc to your In
tores5ts"aiitl give us a onll.
GALBRAITH BROS.
LAND FOR SALE.
Eighty acres, in Sec. 12,
T. 17,11.1 K.'wni. northeast
of Columbus: 70 acres un
der the plow; G acres 5 yr. old tr"es
wain hi. ana cottonwood or good size.
Dwelling-house, 12x23 feet, i stories
liiKh; good well; two granaries; sta
bling, hog-yards, Ac Small fruits such
as currants, blackberries, Ac Conven
ient to school house and good outlet to
roads. Price, ?1,350 "Will sell farm ma
chinery if desired. Address at Colum
bus,Platte Co., Nebr.
Martin Hollerin.
Book-keepers, Reporters,
Operators, Teachers,
i. - - w r3 m
-3 5 3 2.J5. ig
n L .. SI r I
ML
m 5 h a.
re r a;
-i 'Li n 2
O I
GreatEIercantllo CollcKO.Kookuk Jowa
1879.
THK
jahtn(hw
glourmil
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1870.
JOHN WIGGINS,
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STOVES, IRON, TINWARE,
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EKUZZJI E3E523
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234
HAMMOND HOUSE
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JOHN IIAM3IOND,
1'roprietor.
CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN
The Great Tronic ttno from tho West to
Chicago and the East.
It Is the oldest, shortest, most direct, convenient,
comfortablo and In every respect thobest line you
can take. It is tbe greatest and grandest Railway
organization In the United States. It owns or
controls
2100 WILES OF RAILWAY
PUIXMAN HOTEI. CARS are ma alone
by It through between
COUNCtL BLTJITS & CHICAGO!
cNo other road runs Pullman Hotel Cars, or any
other form of Hotel Cars, through, bctwocn tho
Missouri River and Chicago.
, PASSENGERS GOINO EAST ehc ild bear
In mind that this Is the
BEST ROUTEWCHICAGO
AND ALL POINTS EAST.
Passengers by this ronte have choice of TTVB
DIFFEUKNT KOUTKS and the advantaga of
Eight Dally Lines la!aco SleeplneCars
from CHICAGO to
PHILADELPHIA AND NEW YORK,
AND OTHEIt EASTERN POINTS.
Insist that tho Ticket Agent tells yon tickets by
the North-Western Road. Examine yonr Tickets,
and refuse to buy if they do not read over this Road.
ah Agents ten mem ana cnccic usual uaggago
Freo by this Line. b
Through Tickets via this Route to all Eastern
Points can be procured at tho Central Padflc Kail
road Ticket Office, foot of Market Street, and at
i New Montgomery Street, San Francisco, and at
all Coupon Ticket Offices of Central I'aciac, Union
Pacific, and all Western Railroads.
New York Office, No. 415 Broadway. Boston
Office, No. 5 State Street. Omaha Office, 215 Fam
ham Street. San Francisco Office, 2 New Mont
gomery Street. Chicago Ticket Offices : 62 Clark
Street, nnder Sherman House ; 75 Canal, corner
Madison Street ; Kinzie Street Depot, corner West
Kinzlo and Canal Streets ; Wells Street Depot,
corner Wells and Kinzie Streets.
For ratc9 or Information not attainable from
your home ticket agents, apply to
MAnvrx nconiTT, W. n. Stexxkt,
Gva-'l Hobs't. Cblcaco. Qen'I l'ui. Agt. Chicago
RETAIL DEALEU IN
f
?'
SSS?u3 12333
A3fl OE.IVE STREETS,
NEBRASKA.
Retail Dealer in
SWEET CIDER
-AND-
&FP2ES
IAM constantly rocoivin the choicest
of .Michiiran cider aud apple?. Call
and taste for yourself.
MAN,
5o-i.
W'M. UECKK1C.
COLWJ1BUS
Restaurant and Saloon!
E. D. SHEEHAN, Proprietor.
Vhotesald and lUtail Dealer in
Foreign Wines, Liquors
AND CIGARS,
DOUBLIN STOUT,
SCOTCH AND ENGLISH ALES.
TSTKcntHch Whiskies a Specialty.
OYSTERS,
In their svuit.ii,
BY THE CASE. C J.V OU V1S11,
Ilth Streot. South of Dnot
CITY MEAT MARKET;
ox
OLIVE ST., OPPOSITE IIA.Tl
JIO.M) HOUSE.
AVill keep on ham! all kinds at Krcsh
anil Salt Mont, also Sautac, Poultry,
Frc.-ii Kish. ctiv, all in their season.
Cash paid for Hide, Lnrc! ami Ma.
con. WILL.T. ItlCKLY.
CENTEAL MAT MET
O.-Y 11 Hi STKEET.
Dealers in Fresh and Salted Meat.
Ac. Town Lots, Wood. Hides, Ac.
J.RICKLY,Agent.
Columhus, June 1, 1S77.
'YOU BET."
A. W. LAWRENCE,
a;i:nt foi:tiih
9
-raJ
J
fcx3
tCS8Ss:'
WIND MILL,
AVill hereafter I.o found TIIKEE
DOOKS SOUTH of the Tost Oilier,
where he keeps a full Hue of every styl
PUMP, PIPE, HOSE,
Aud the Celebrated
I X L FEED MILL.
AhckcepsaPuinpIIouccxcluiveIr,
he N aide to sell CHEATER THAN
THE CHEAPEST. Pumps for anr
depth well. Pump driven or repaired,
aud Rod cut.
GIVE JIM ,1 miL ilXD S.UE MOHT.
BECKER & WELCH,
PBOFBIETOBS 0?
SHELL CREEK MILLS.
MANUFACTURERS & WHOLE
SALE DEALERS IN
FLOUR AND MEAL.
OFFICE, COLUMBUS, NEB
Dr. A. HEINTZ,
UKALKIt IN
MIS. MIIIIIS, CHEMICALS.
W'WKS ILKIUORS,
Fine Soaps, Brushes,
PERFUMERY, Etc., Etc.,
And all articles usually kept on hand b
Druggists.
Physicians Prescriptions Carefully
Compounded.
One door Sviist of CiuIIcy'x, ob
KIcventh Street
COLUMBUS.
NEBRASKA
snoes&s:
NEW STORE
AND-
New Stock.
A full, fresh supply of groceries,
STAPLE AND FANCY,
Just opened, and for sale at low-down
prices.
STOIIre Street, opposite the
Xattcrj.alI."
james McAllister.
S&3
-ii
ilk
m. SCHILZ,
Manufacturer and Dealer in
BOOTS AND SHOES!
A )Hp!fta)rtineiit of I-JdleV and C1II
drrn'.iSIiofs Ifpt on hand.
All Work Warranted!!
Our .tlot to fJood stock, excellent
work and fair prices.
Especial Attention paid to Eepairia g
Cor.OIivc aud St. liltH
?
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