T11K NOUKOLK WEEKLY NEWS.TOntXAL. . KIM DAY. JANUARY 28. 1910.
Norfolk Weekly News-Journi
The NCWH. Established 1881.
The JouninlKslnl llHhud187' '
_ " , _ _ _
THE "HU8E PUDLISHTNCT COMPANY
"
W. N. MIIHO , N. A. Huso ,
President. Seorutar ;
KTory Friday. Ity mull per yuur. ll.Bi
Entered nt the postoflleo lit Norfoll
Neb. , an second class matter. _
Telephones : KiIItbrlarTJopurtmoi
No , 22. MuHlnoss Olllce and Job Hooni
No. II 22. _
Why IH loveliness "ruro mid hnun
Ing ?
Conversation , like MlocU , IB oftu
watered.
The water wagon has no upliolstc
Cll HCII M.
Next summer we will lie p-jin
good inont'y for Ire.
Milk at nini ! cents a iiiiurt doesn
have much hiiinan kindness In It.
The man who wantH to create u HOI
cation now iiuiHl discover Dr. Cook.
The difference between a lunch an
n luncheon IH about a dollar and
half.
The annual damage by .smoke 1
the United States is estimated at $500
000.000.
The farmer haH come Into his ow
and IH the genuine monarch In thl
country.
HogK and .selling at prices that inak
the farmer's bank account fatter tint
the hogs.
Universal languages are . liccomln
numerous. Another man has just it
vented one.
Boston isn't adding to its rcput :
tlon for exulted citizenship .by Its n
cent election.
Zeppelin plans to build an alrshi
that will carry ' . ! 00 passengers. Nt
for us , thank yon.
Men who are made to be good b
force need only the opportunity t
bo bad by choice.
The talking machine is all right , Ini
what the world really needs is inor
thinking machines.
Now that King Alfred is on th
throne of Belgium the Congo will be
come u brighter spot.
The great demand of the country n
the present time is a subsidy for shoi
pers ; not for shippers.
President Taft has made some e :
cellent suggestions and it is for coi
grress to enact them into law.
The man who does his best wi
hold his job longer than the ma
who could do better but doesn't.
It is estimated that more than 22
millions of American money have a
ready been invested in Canada.
Sir William Jones said , "Whatevc
has been attained is attainable " Thi
is just as true now as It was then.
When women are elected to coi
jress there will be no need of electln
a speaker. There will be so many t
them.
Champ Clark says he would rathe
tie right than to be speaker. Th
chances are that lie will never b
cither.
It is altogether too expensive fo
the small boy to have a sore throsi
with llax seed poultices at $2.1 S
bushel.
General Weyler's now book "M
Rule in Cuba , " tills four largo vo
nines. Ills rule was bad enough will
out this.
An exchange suggests that Dr. Coo
lias started for the south pole in a
attempt to get a scoop on Ucutenan
Shackleton.
What will be the result of the Em
llsh elections ? Will they decide th
fate of the oldest legislative chamber
of the world.
The Chicago News says : "When
girl doesn't tell her mother of a ma
who tried to kiss her , It Is a sign tlni
he succeeded. "
Llententant Shackleton seems t
faro bettor than north pole explorer
No one criticises Ills action or doubt
Ills statements.
A couple of women In Missouri a
tacked and severely pummeled a bacl
elor. They should have picked out
someone who was used to It.
If the loafers and vagrants conl
be put to work on the public road
a great Improvement might ho mad
in the course of a few years.
The Nicaragnans are almost out i
shot and powder. They will have t
treat for peace or pommel their em
mtes with beets and bananas.
The wife of Hanker Morse Is goin
to work unremittingly for his releasi
It is amazing what wonders are beln
wrought by womanly devotion.
The public debt of the United State
IH now J1,062I1,8U. : A private cli
7.011 who owed a debt like that won
bo considered a great financier.
Virginia may he the mother of prc
IdentH , but In some things she Is shr
er than Illinois. There hasn't been
lynching In the state the past year.
The women of Kansas City ha' '
been advised to carry revolvers In i :
der to protect themselves. Hut wh
about the poor Innocent bvstander ?
Mrs. Morse Is going to a lot >
trouble In trying to get her husbai
out of prison. I'lty that Charles \
hadn't taken as much trouble In kee
ing out.
Tile new tariff advances the price i
bibles by 15 per cent. It Is not elali
ed , however , that this added materii
ly to the cost of living In a good mai
families.
Joseph Chamberlain , although n hop
less Invalid , has just been returned
parliament. Our Uyclo Joe Is no I
valid but his lighting qualities , are
excellent trim.
"Little Tim Sullivan" who contrt
led so many Tammany votes nevi
drank liquor himself although he kci
a saloon. Ills reason was that "boo
ers never succeed. "
Poor cupid Is likely to find himse
in hard lines when St. Valentine's tin
arrives , since the largest valentine fa
tory located at Worcester , Mass. , h ;
burned to the ground.
The president thinks it is time co
gross got down to work , but win ;
ho takes note of some of the wet
they turn out the chances are he wl
wish they would stop.
All over Northamptonshire , in En ,
land , a society of young people ntii :
boring several thousand , are fcedin
the birds of the country as regular ]
as If they were chickens.
"All things come to him who waits
Commodore Peary's victory over th
British fleet in Lake Erie in 1813 i
to be commemorated by the orcctio
of a suitable monument.
The one hope for Central Americ
Is the investment of foreign capita
which will be protected by outsit !
force and thus save the people of tli
republics from tyrants like Zelaya.
"Good roads" should be a slogan fc
the nation. Good roads mean a si
bong in transportation , bettor school !
more social life , u higher standard <
living they mean progress and civil
zation.
Colonel Goethals has been in charj ;
of the work at Panama for somctinv
but wo have heard no serious crlt
cism , charges of graft or person ;
controversies. He roots away at th
canal and says nothing.
Secretary Hallinger and Clifford Pii
chot are both to be at the conservatio
congress in St. Paul early In Marcl
Interest in the Jeffries-Johnson bo\ \ :
has rapidly waned In Minnesota sine
the announcement.
Dukes and titled foreigners aron
in it with being a tiller of the soil i
these days of high prices for ever ;
thing the earth produces. An Indian
farmer advertised for a wife and gt
thirty-six offers during the first tw
days.
Even live oysters have a yearnin
to move west and grow up with th
country. Two carloads , from Halt
more oyster beds , have lately locate
on the Pacific coast. They are fsi
superior both in size and quality t
the native oysters of ( lie west coas
Chicago was the first city to take u
in a largo way the city playgroun
movement In and still keeps at tli
head of the procession in tills oxce
lent measure for the health both phys
cal and moral of its young. Last yen
the city spent JfiOO.OOO in this worl
which is more than double the amoui
spent by any other city.
President Taft is doing all ho can t
redeem the pledges made in the pla
form upon which he was elected and
would be well for congressmen to m
derstand that platforms are no longc
to bo considered merely as a mean
of getting a party Into power. Pla
forms are being read and studied an
the results of the party's admlnlstn
tion are going to be compared wit
tholr wording.
If Mr. Pinchot is really and unsc
flshly desirous of conserving the in
tional resources , why did lie not gc
behind the carefully prepared bill
which the president is working to g (
congress to pass , safeguarding th
water powers and the phosphates an
coal deposits , and push. Ho Is ii
jurlng the cause tremendously by tli
course he is now pursuing Instead c
helping it.
The fortress of Port Arthur whic
has never been restored since th
slego Is to ho practically abandonoi
and the port Is to bo opened to con
morce. Port Arthur as a naval has
base for Japan would not bo th
stronghold it was to Russia. She hr
bettor protected naval bases in Kore
and her own ialands. Whllo Japa
could not afford to have the fort ret-
In the hands of an enemy , now thr
It Is In her own possession It IH th
most valuable dismantled.
People who are proud of their pod
gree often boast of being able to com
back eight or ten generations , but fe1
people realize that were one to com
back ten generations , In every brand
1 > would have 1.01M ancestors. Th
number of grandparents doubles wit
every generation two grandparent
for every parent , so If there are tw
parents , there will be four grandpa
ents , eight great-grandparents , and H
on , which multiplies ancestors In a fe' '
hundred years to a dizzy height.
Wisdom hits about , the same pat
In all generations. Nothing more p :
for present conditions could bo foun
than these words from Spencer' '
"Fairie Queono :
"It Is the mind that maketh good c
ill ,
That maketh wretch or happy , rlc
or poor ;
For some that hath abundance at lit
will
Hath not enough , but wants in greater
store ;
And other that hath little asks n
more ,
Hut in that little is both rich an
wise. "
The great steamship Lusitania wit
nearly a thousand passengers o
board , battled with a huge tidal wav
on its last trip across to New Yor
which would have sent the smallc
vessels of frailer build used a gei
oration ago to the bottom. Provide !
tidily , both passengers and crow wor
below decks and no one was drownet
but the wave broke over the ship wit
such terrific force that it was badl
shattered , but brought Its passenger
into port safely. The great invention
of recent years make ocean travc
far safer than that on land.
In an effort to evade the anti-pus
law at least one railroad in the nortl
west is the loser by thousands of do
lars. The railroad company di
sired to occasionally give a pass to
legislator , attorney , or other benel
clary , so it obtained the privilege c
issuing passes to employes , intendin
to use them according to their ow
discretion. The ? ' Basses , it is no\
found , have boon -j.u by wholesale b ,
the employment agencies to outsiders
It is a ? oed thing if it will help t
bring about the total abolition of th
railroad pass , which has no honorabl
excuse for further existence.
We smile at the simplicity of th
lady who volunteered to furnish th
sugar and coffee for the church socir
ble because her husband is a groce
and the articles cost her nothing. Uu
before wo smile too broadly let u
remember that the United States go\
ernrnent , which is supposed to be rui
by business men , is doing exactly tha
sort of foolish thing in the operatioi
of the postolilce department. LJecaus
they are all government institution
the postolllco department carries al
the correspondence and much of th
freight of all the other department
free of charge , and still wonder wh ;
the business does not pay.
However much of excellence or mei
it there may bo in the methods , th
thought or the peculiar ability o
others about us , it is only as we di
things in our own individual way tha
wo can expect to gain any kind of :
real success. We all become sure
of this with the passing of the years
It Is for each man to do his worl
eager only that it is the best that h
can produce. As Kmorson has so wel
said : "There is a time when ever ;
man arrives at the conviction that hi
must take himself for better or fo
worse as his portion ; that though tin
wide universe is full of good , no her
ncl of flourishing corn can conic t
him but through his toil bestowed 01
that plot of ground which is givoi
him to till. "
The department of agriculture Is cai
rying on a great campaign of invest !
gatlon to discover why the prices of al
kinds of food material arc so phc
nomenally high. Agents of the depart
ment in every country are learning tin
cost of production of the principal ar
tides of food and the prices whicl
the farmers receive for thorn. As sooi
as they are in shape they will bo put
llshed. Secretary Wilson says : " \V <
Intend to bring out the truth regard
less of whom it hurts or benefits ,
am convinced that the public pays i
great deal more for everything it oat
than It should. " We have all realize )
this for some time and if Sccrctar ;
Wilson can find any way to reliovi
the situation he will receive the grat !
tude of a burdened people.
While Mr. Pinchot was an onthus
lastlc forester and a valuable servant
ho had a very poor way of gaining liii
doslred ends. He has boon for a loin
time disgruntled and has kept tin
chip on his shoulder very dearly be
fore the public. Ho was determine )
the president should knock It off am
It Is dlfllcult to sue how the chlo
executive could do therwise and main
tain the dignity of his position. Then
Is no reason why the entire slncor
Ity it President Taft In endoavorim
to carry out the Roosevelt conservation
tion policies should bo questioned
His public utterance and state docu
ments ring firm and truo. Ho has pu
the matter straight up to congresi
and that Is all ho can do , after havln
appealed to the people personally.
The agricultural and forestry dt
pnrtments of the government are dt
Ing much to help the Individual furine
and whole communities to start HIM
lines of production anil new Industrlct
One that promises to he a most sut
cessful and profitable Industry and I
developing rapidly Is the cultlvatlo
of willows and their manufacture hit
willow war- ) . It Is now live year
since tills experimental willow fan
was started , anil In that time eve
half a million cuttings , with cure ft :
Instructions for planting , and cult
vatlon have been distributed free
There are now lt0 ! established wl
low ware manufacturers in the com
try. Some of these have their ow
willow farms In connection while otl
ers are located in places where th
farmers raise willows and supply ther
with their raw material. Where furn
ers are Isolated from any manufactui
Ing establishment they have som
member of their family instructed I
the art of willow craft and work u
their crop Into porch dialrs , tablet
baskets , etc. , at home , thus furnishln
good paying work for their faniilie
at home. All these Industries help ti
utilize land which has previously beoi
considered of little value.
HOW AHOUT CITY'S WELLS ?
A serious situation is brought t <
light in the fear of Norfolk's cit ;
wells giving out. The matter Is oin
that demands speedy investlgatlni
and , if it is found that the well
actually an- giving out. iminodlati
steps to dig new ones.
WHAT ROOSEVELT WOULD DO.
The following'paragraph was con
tallied in the resolutions adopted b ;
the "Insurgents" at Lincoln :
It would be worth while just nov
to have the African lion hunter In tin
place and furnished with the oppoi
tunlty of President Taft. Can any oin
doubt what would bo the outcome o
Cannonism if President Hoosevel
were in Washington armed with hi
big stick ? It would bo a fight to tin
finish ; Cannonism would be beatei
to a pulp and the champion of the peu
pie would come out triumphant am
ready for further controversy.
That Roosevelt would bo doing ox
actlv what President Taft Is , that i :
allowing the house to take care of'iti
own rules , is apparent from the fac
that that is just exactly what Roosc
volt did do during his seven years ii
the white house. Cannon was just a ;
much a czar then as now , and tin
rules were the same then as now. In
stead of using his big stick on Can
nonlsni , President Roosevelt linkei
up with Cannon and sought the speak
or's aid on whatever legislation h <
desired.
There's a good deal of claptrap go
ing around about what Roosevol
would do if ho wore there , when , as
a matter of fact , his career in tin
white house shows that he kept his
hands off the house rules fight , jus
as liis successor is doing.
THE ANTI-MEAT CRUSADB.
While the anti-meat crusade maj
save a few dollars a month for those
who engage in it , and may bring dowr
the price of moats in certain localities
for the time being , yet the scheme
seems to work rather an Injustice upoi
the very people who arc engaging ii
the campaign. It is cutting off one's
own food to spite the packers and ii
seems questionable whether the plat
will have any permanent effect upoi
the price of meat untess the abstinence
from meat is made permanent.
It is probable that some of the cm
saders , once they got into the vuge
tnrlnn diet , will find that they can gel
along without so much meat , and con
soqnontly the permanent demand maj
bo affected to some slight extent. Bui
there is really as much cause foi
crusading against butter and eggs and
milk and against all forms of cloth
iu . on account of prevailing prices
as against moat. And it seems like
getting at the problem in the wronp
way.
way.Some
Some of the packers declare the
demand has increased to such an ex
tent that the supply is not keopinp
puce , and reiterate .1. .1. Hill's warn
ing that the American farms must
be brought to produce more kernels ol
corn to the acre and more head ol
live stock.
The public must have a certalr
amount of food and clothing. It ma >
be that we've all been buying high
er grade cuts of meat than wo coulil
afford , and in that case the boycott
may tend to get us back into the
column where we were when wo fount ]
living less expensive ; but the whole
scheme hardly has the appearance ol
getting at tin- trouble from the right
direction.
AROUND TOWN.
What's good for a sinking spoil In
the coal bin ?
Will Hetty Green's action help or
hurt the boycott ?
Apparently Etl Keolor of Nollgh was
suffering from the prevalent coal
shortage.
It's a foxy follow who can got
trusted In buying cattle oven if there
is a cattle buying trust.
In Now York prices are said to he
falling down. Noticed any difference
In your household expenses ?
Now's the time to put on another
home talent show. Owing to the ant
meat crusade , vegetables are too hlg
priced to throw away.
The Paris storeH can now bring o
their "damaged by water" sales. I
might be a good chance to buy a ren
Parisian gown at a bargain.
It sometimes takes a broken ankl
to bring out one's popularity. A Noi
folk woman , enjoying such an afflli
tion. had sixteen callers one day thl
week.
Having remarked what a profit Di
Cook made on his nerve , you may wo
wonder If there Isn't some delay I
the time when the meek shall Inherl
the earth.
Secretary Knox says bud roads ar
driving people to the cities. If he ha
lived in Norfolk during December , he'
have known that bad roads prevente
people driving to the cities.
It is doubtful if history will pine
even the Norfolk Hood of 1SS1 in th
same class as the one now ragln
In Paris. Hut it was of conslderabl
more Interest right around here.
A card from Hen Davis : "There I
a good deal of complaint that my ovei
coat looks tough. I admit It , and lien
by give notice that I have ordered
new one , which will be ready for th
livery next week. "
Toyour Uncle Una ley It looks a
if the anti-meat crusade was wren ,
for the reason that it brings" price
on meat down only when you're iiu
eating meat. We want meat prices t
drop while we're eating meat.
"I love my lodge , but confess tha
it makes me mad when other member
come in during the day and talk lodg
business. And when a grand olllce
comes to town and culls on mo I wan
to throw him out. " Hen Davis.
One day The News gets a lette
declaring that the town of Lainrt
is nothing but a memory ; the iu-x
day comes a letter saving La inn
is bigger than it ever was. Nov
which arc you going to believe ?
A Norfolk girl who Monday was ol
fpred two farms and $2,000 cash by i
farmer if she would give her ham
in marriage to the farmer's son , I
now pondering seriously over the pre :
position. This is not a joke , but i
news item.
There doesn't seem to bo any rea
Christmas spirit any moie. Peopli
rush down town , pick over a lot o
things , make their selections , say the ;
don't like them , and then wonde :
whether they will get as much in re
turn as they give. Elderly people sa ;
It wasn't that way when they won
young : in the good old days peopli
Save Christmas presents as a matte :
3f sentiment , usually homemade pres
L'tits , which we always did despise.
The people in that new town of Win
ner surely do things with an attrac
tive vim and ginger. Putting a two
story hotel on runners , hooking seven
ty-six span of horses t6 it and skiddlnj
It two and a half miles over the prai
ries on top of the snow , is an ex
[ imple of dramatic action that isn't OIK
bit slow. The sort of spirit fount
In that transaction has meant a veri
? reat deal in building up Gregory am
1'ripp counties in a marvellously shor
space of time.
ATCHISON GLOBE SIGHTS.
Hundreds of people are ignorant be
? auso they arc so prejudiced they wil
not acquire information. Arc you tha
Look yourself over.
An Atchison young man will tie
lilmself up in tissue paper tomorrow
ind put holly on his head , with pinl
ribbons on his neck , and offer himseli
is a Christmas gift to a girl visitliif
nero from Topoka. And they do saj
ilint the manner in which she wil
snap him up will make the action eli
i mousetrap slow in comparison.
An Atcliison woman has the ver >
.igliest parlor in the world. "These :
Dlcturos , " she said with a sad smile ;
'these cushions , these table covers
uid throws , everything in the room
ivero given to me by dear friends
mil it would hurt their feelings if 1
lidn't put them in my parlor. " Thor
ihe arranged the purple and blur
Idy on the red lounge put the yellow
shaded lamp in the center of UK
> right pink mat , and gave a sigh thai
shook seventeen buttons off her
: lothes.
A good many people call at a news
laper office with complaints that
should go elsewhere. But the strung
> st one in our long experience came
n today. It seems that several
nontlis ago a man was calling on
\lols Phlllpp. and Mrs. Philipp said
me would send the man a loaf of rye
iiermnn broad. "You Americans , '
Mrs. Philipp said , "do not know what
oal rye broad is. " It seems that Mrs.
I'hillpp neglected to send the bread
o the man , and ho called at thin
illice today to have a "hint" item
irinted.
Women know this , but we venture
ho opinion that not one man In fifty
diows It : When a woman first makes
ip a bed , she puts on two dean sheets
ivhlch are used a week. Thou the
ewer sheet Is taken off , anil replaced
> y the upper shoot , the upner sheet
icing replaced with a clean one. This
s kept up week after week , each bed
setting one clean shoot a week. Wo
ilways thought that when you get
loan shoots on your bed , you got two
lean ; but you don't ; you got but one.
iVhon company conies , two clean
ihoets nro placed on the company bed.
, Vhcn the company goes , the shoots
ire taken off and washed , whether
ised one night or six.
Home Course
In Live Stock
Farming
XIII. Swine Management.
By C. V GREGORY ,
Author of "Hume Course lit Modern
Agriculture , " "M klim Money on
the I arm , " Lie.
Copyright. 1000. by Amerlcin Preai
AssocUtlon.
EKE are two general types of
Til swine-bacon and fat. The
principal fat hog breeds are
I'olr.nil-China , Uuroc-.lersey.
Hcrkshlre and Chester White. These
breeds are especially adapted to the
rorn belt. Here corn Is the principal
food , and the fat hog ( its In naturally.
The principal bacon breeds are Tain-
worth and Yorkshire. The Hampshire
Is Intermediate between the two types
The bacon hogs are better sliitod to
those localities where corn Is not grown
to any extent. Sklmmllk , peas and
pasture are among the principal crops
used In raising bacon bogs.
Whichever type Is selected , an en
dcuvor should he made to get the best
possible Individuals of that type. Not
only that , but If you wish to succeed
In the hog business you must pick out
a certain breed and stick to It. The
general practice of buying a boar of a
different breed every year or so Is
bound to result In a lot of mongrels.
The tirst cross of pure bred animals
often results in combining the good
FlO. XXIV.-Till : KAT 111X1 TVl'K.
qualities of both breeds , but whet
these crossbred animals are bred nmoni
themselves the good points rapidly ilia
appear , and in a tew years only tin
bad ones are left.
Fat Hog Type.
The fat hog should bo low sot. with
and long. The ribs should be wel
sprung to give width to the back ant
loin and should extend well down tin
sides. The head should be short ant
wide , with a short , thick neck. Tin
shoulders should be well laid In n
the top. and there should be no do
presslon luick of them. A lack ol
heart girth is a fault often found It
otherwise good hogs. The sides shoult
be deep and free from wrinkles. Botl
fore and hiiyl Hunk should be wel
filled. The hind quarters should be
fairly long from the hips back and the
hams well tilled down to the hocks
Viewed from the side , the back shouli
be slightly arched. Swuybucks an
very bad. especially In brood sows
The underline should be level. Viewee
from behind , the hind quarters shoult
be wide and full and the width ol
body even from erne end to the other
Some hogs have good width In front
but narrow off badly behind. The
legs should be strong , and the bo
should stand up well on his toes. Anj
weakness of the pasterns should caust
n hog to be discriminated against foi
breeding purposes. Constitution , n ?
shown by deep , wide chest and gen <
eral vigor , is very Important. Quulitj
of hair. skin , limbs and bead should
nlso be looked for. If those who are ir
the business of raising hogs for the
market would take note of these eusj
means of Identifying the profitable anl
mal much disappointment would IK
avoided. It matters not what tin
breed. It Is necessary to apply this ills
criminating process in cacti Indlvldua
case.
In some cases breeders have gone tr
extremes in producing show animals
and have bred hoes that are compact ,
chubby and good to look at. but al
most worthless for breeding purposes.
The breeding sow to be profitable
must be of good size , rather loosely
built iMitl with a roomy middle piece.
The boar should be vigorous and ac
tive. A boar of tills kind that Is a
little rangy Is to be preferred to one1
of the chubby type that Is sluggish
and slow on his feet. While compact
ness and tine points arc desirable , the
farmer cannot afford to obtain them
at the expense of profitable sized Ut
ters.
In the bacon type length and depth
are sought for especially , without so
much regard to width. Larger legs
and a longer and sharper face are al
lowable , and the hnms are deep rather
than full and wide. One of the great
est essentials of a bacon hog Is qual
ity. The bone must be clean and not
coarse , the shoulders exceedingly com
pact and the hide smooth and pliable.
Handling Breeding Stock.
In selecting breeding stock , besides
paying attention to the character of
the Individuals , their ancestors should
nlso be considered. It is very impor
tant that they come from prolific
strains , since much of the profit or loss
In the hog business depends on the
size of the lifters. In cuso you are
breeding hogs for sale as breeders It Is
necessary to select animals of strains
that arc in demand.
It Is a general practice to breed
sows In the full , when they are about
eight months old. Then na soon as the
pigs are weaned the FOWS are fattened
and sold The argument In favor of
this plan Is that it saves the expense
of keeping the sows throughout the
cummer. If a good pasture is aval ) ,
able , however , this expense will not
amount to much. The use of mature
BOWB will bring In a profit that will
iiiucii more than pay Hie cost of keep
ing them throughout the summer. In / \
n number of experiments that hnve
been conducted along Ibis line It IIIIA
Idi'ii found that sows two years old or
over at farrowing time produce nearly
SIO per cent more pigs than yearling
BOWS. The pigs from the two-year-oltl
KIWS were consilient lily larger at birth
and made lTi ! per cent faster gains
afterward , old sows are much less
liable to trouble at farrowing time ,
and they give a great deal more milk
than young sows do.
Another general practice Is to use a
seven or eight months' old boar for
breeding purposes. This results In
smaller litters and smaller and less
vigorous pigs. The boar should be at
least a your old at time of service1. A
boar that proves to be a satisfactory
sire should be kept until his daughters
reach breeding age. If not longer.
If warm farrowing quarters cun be
provided , late March or early April is
the best time1 for the sows to furrow
The pigs are then In good shape to
make rapid gains on gruss all sum
mer. Where1 the climate Is cold or
good accommodations for the sows
cannot be provided It Is better to have
the pigs come a little Inter.
Tin1 hour should in1 kept In a pen by
himself or with a few bred sows If he
worries too much ami the sows are
brought to him to be bred. One scrv
ice is as good as half u dozen. The
sow should In1 taken uwuy us soon UK
served and u record of the service
made. An aged , vigorous boar tuny
be allowed two sows a day when
handled In this way. A breeding
crate is an advantage unless the boar
and sow are about the sumo size
When the boar IH allowed to run
with the sows all the time hlx
strength Is wasted by worrying and
repeated services , and he Is less sure
The dates of breeding cannot be kept
in this way. so that when furrowing
time comes there is no menus of
knowing when to expect the pigs
Sows should not lie fut at farrowing
time , hut should be In good thrifty
condition and should be kept so
throughout the winter. Plenty of c.\
erclse is also essential if vigorous pigs
are to be produced.
When the pigs come e'urly and old
sows are used fall litters may often be
raised at u prolit. This Is specially so If
plenty of milk can be had. The cost of
feed is greater with fall litters because
of luck of grass. There are also consid
era bio loss and hick of profitable gulnn
unless good shelter cun be provided
Individual conditions , together with it
few trials , will determine whether or
not fall pigs can be profitably grown
for market. When raised for breeding
purposes full pl s cun always be sold
at a good prolit as yearlings.
Central Versus Colony System.
There are two Kcnerul plans of bun
tiling hogs , the centralized system and
the colony system. The central sys \
tem consists of OIK ; large hog hous >
where all the hogs are kept both win
ter and slimmer. The colony system
consists of a number of small houses ,
each with Its pasture. These small
houses can be moved up close to the
other buildings for convenience in win
ter.
ter.The
The central system Is nn advantage
in winter , us warmer quarters can b
provided. It is also much more con
venient to feed and handle hogs when
they are all together in tills manner.
The advantage of the colo'jy system
Is that the houses can be moved from
place to place wherever they are ne l
ed. There Is less liability of disease
when ( hi1 hogs are kept In small
droves , and disease can lie more read
ily bundled If 'it does break out. The
pigs cnn be sorted according to sl/i"
and will do better than if they all run
together. This system nlso lias the ad
vantage of clic.'ipncss. The main ills
advantage Is that it Is a great deal
more work to cure for the hogs In
scattered lots.
On most farms a combination of thr
two systems will lie found desirub'e
Some individual houses will be needed
to house the pigs when they arc run
nlng on the different fields and for ex
FIO. XXV. TUB DACON HOI ! TYPK.
tra farrowing pens. Al the same time *
n central house is almost indispensable
for the fattening hogs , for the breed
ing stock In winter and for tin1 sows
that farrow early.
A cement tloor made according to di
rections given in article 2 will bo most
satisfactory for the central house. It
must be kept well bedded , as the bare
floor Is hard , dump and cold. Some
breeders use a false floor of boards on
the sleeping pens. The pen partitions
should be removable so that several
pens cnn be thrown together for fat
tenlng hogs. There should be enough
windows to supply plenty of light. If
the building faces the south the roof
should be of half monitor shape to fur
nish light to the north pens. This is
not necessary If the building runs
north anil south , since there will then
be an equal amount of light on each
side. The best style of movuble house
is the A shape1 , built InJ by 4 run
ners. A floor Is nn advantage In wet
weather.
The bun.
It has been stated that no one IMS
over seen the sun. A scries of con
entrlc shells envelops a nucleus f
vlilon we know nothing except that It \
mist be Infinitely hotter than the tier.
cst furnace and that It must amount tone
no re than nine-tenths of the solar
nasH. That nucleus Is the real sun.
orever hidden from us. The outer-
nest of the enveloping shells is about
i.OOO miles thick and Is called the
"chromosphere. " It la a gaseous flood.