THEHOHFOLK WEI.Kbl NEWS JUUllNAl MUlMl OC'JOlltiK 15 1109
The Norfolk Weekly News-Journal
The Mown. EBtnbllBhed 1881.
The Joiirnal , Established 1877.
1-Htf HU8E PUD"U8HINQ COMPANY.
W. N. HUBO , N. A. Huso ,
President. _ jaecrolary
Kvnrv KHcJny. Hy mull per your. $1.50.
Kntorfd ut Uiu postolllco nt Norfolk ,
Nob. , I > H second class matter.
ToToplioiiosr > ! fl ft o > lnr Department
No. 22. IJuslnoBS Office nnd Job HOOIIIB
No , H 22.
A llttlu colil weather will DO wel
comed by ninny lines of business.
There IB not a man on the repub
lican ticket In Madison county who IH
not entitled to the solid party support.
St. 1/nils IH 100 yearn old and IB cel
ebrating by rlonnliiB up. It Is a good
Idea. Everyone ought to clean house
once a century.
A. E. Ward IB well trained to take
care of the work of the office of county
superintendent , and his ability should
jippeal atroiiRly to the voters of the
county.
The News unintentionally omitted
to glvo credit to the IMalnvlow News
yesterday for the half tone of the new
school building nt that place , which
wna reprinted by courtesy of that
paper.
Hoston reports a bug which has
devastated the crop of that vegetable
-without which Hostonlnns cannot ex
ist. A bug that would deprive the res
idents of the hub of their bean crop
must be an uncommonly mean bug.
Mrs. Ilcsant announces that the
Ideal man Isn't duo until 1913. Where
Anna got her Information she docs not
illvulgo , but it's rather discouraging
to spring it at this time when there
are so many expectant girls watching
for his appearance.
Uoth Cook and I'oary cut some ice
In this north pole discovery discussion ,
but when it comes to blubber Peary
has the largest stock. It is because
Dr. Cook hasn't displayed any of it
that ho lias gained the sympathy and
good will of the people generally.
Lord Charles Ilercsfonl of England ,
nt a recent banquet given him in New-
York , said that the European situa
tion looked "red. " If Englishmen con
tinue to persist In "scein1 things" it's
pretty sure that the goblins will get
them. They may not be whipped , b.ut
they are badly scared.
There arc many people who wonder
where their boys and girls pick up so
much meanness. Keep them off the
streets at night. There Is where the 1
devil carries on his most successful
course of Instruction in vice , profligacy
and crime. To do this , make the home
the brightest and most winsome place
on earth.
Bvery once in a while some one in
quires how much it is costing the gov
eminent for Colonel Roosevelt to en
joy his hunt In South Africa. In fairness -
ness to T. H. and Uncle Sam both , it1
"j
should be stated that the entire ex-
ponce of the trip is being voluntarily'
_
paid by a few personal friends of
Iloosovolt.
Mexicans of all classes and affilia
tions agree that their country is hur
rying towards a general revolution in
favor of democracy , If not a revolu
tion In the time of Diaz , who is get
ting so old that ho cannot long keep
his iron grip on the affairs of that
Indolent people whom he has ruled so
long , then a revolution after Diaz.
Thomas A. Edison declares that he
knows nothing In comparison with the
Illimitable total that which remains
to be learned and expresses the wish
that those who are living today might
witness the triumps of science in the
next century. When one considers the
progress of the past half century they
cannot but wonder what the next fifty
years will bring to pass.
The American board of commission
ers for foreign missions has entered
upon its hundredth year of continued
activity. It Is the oldest foreign mis
sionary society in the United States.
When this organization began Its work
a century ago , It had to search out
Holds and force its services upon for
eign peoples. Today It Is Impossible
for It to fill the urgent calls for mis
sionary work from hundreds of fields.
Madison county is particularly for-
Innate in being able to vote for S. II.
McFarland for county clerk this year.
Mr. McFarland is the one man who is
perfectly fitted to take up the details
of the work where George Richardson
will leave off , having been Mr. Rich
ardson's deputy during his service.
JktcFnrlnml Is an excellent bookkeeper ,
is a hard worker and in the olllce of
clerk is painstaking and aecommodat
ing. No better man for the olllco
could be found anywhere.
Francis S. Dowllng is In every way
worthy the support of every repub
lican voter In the county. He Is a
Madison county product , having been
reared and educated In this county , is
well qualified for the ofllco ho asks ,
and will make an elllcient and capable
officer. This is the first time ho has
naked for office , Ho has the right ma-
torlnl in him to make ono of the best
fofllclals the county hau over had. No '
county can do better than to recogf
i nl/.e the young men who were brought
1 up In Its borders. ] '
C. S. Smith. IIB the republican cano
dldato for sheriff In Madison county ,
will make a capable and efficient of-
fleer In every way , and that he will be
elected by a big majority , seems cert
tain. Mr. Smith's record Is one well
known to the people of this county ,
among whom ho has lived for many
years. Ho has been honored by the
election of mayor of the city of MadIson -
Ison many times and has Invariably
performed the duties of that olllce In
highly commendable manner. Ho Is
made of the right stuff for a good
sheriff , and Is popular throughout the '
county.
President Taft terms the federal
tax on corporations a tax on success
not on failure. The argument ad
vanced was that most successful men
draw a large share of their Income
from corporations. Therefore , a corporation -
poration tax would strike the success
ful men and exclude the unsuccessful
men. In other words , every new bur
den of taxation should preferably
strike the successful man for the ben-
'
eflt of the non-successful. This la not
done to encourage shlftleasness or to
1 put a premium on idleness and incotn-
potency , but merely to protect the
poor and unfortunate of whom this
country has a large number , and ( o
assist them to rise above their misfortune -
fortune and poverty.
"Hisliop Sunbeams , " Is the title of
'
a new book just published by Richard
L. Metcalfe , editor of Hryan's Com-1
moner and former editor of the Omaha !
World-Herald. Mr. Metcalfe somej
time ago published a delightful bookL
let , "Of Such Is The Kingdom , " and j \
his new contribution is fully equal to
(
the first production. "Hisliop Sun
beams" is a most refreshing little vol
ume of short stories that are Intensely
interesting and which carry home re
flections that cling. The book will bo
welcomed by Nebraskans , among
,
whom Mr. Motcalfo has thousands of
admirers ' and friends , and "Bishop I
Sunbeams" should have a wide sale ,
I
It will carry sunbeams sentiments into
every household that It enters.
Financial affairs in Europe are , in
many ways , more fixed and substan
tial than in America. The men in
command of the great old banking in
stitutions of continental Europe never
combine to artificially inflate values ,
as is sometimes done In New York ,
for the purpose of filching money from
Investors. An optimistic sentence
from the lips of Hill or Morgan will
Instantly re-echo within the walls of
our stock exchange , whereas in En-
!
rope more sentiments whether doleful
I or optimistic .weigh little when placed j
on the scale that fixes money values ;
home and foreign trade and all the
matters that rightly determine Hie ac
tual value of securities. Sentiment
can never create financial values.
SCORE ONE FOR CRANE
It was eminently fitting that Mr.
'
, Crane , after having shown such in-
* I
discretion as he did in giving out an j I
!
' interview involving state secrets which
I he had gleaned from clerks in the de
partment , should be asked for his re- |
signatlon , as he was by Secretary
Knox.
This one point wants lo be scored j
for Mr. Crane : He did not lie out of |
the responsibility for his act , as many
men ( both big and little ) attempt
lo do , by blaming the reporter. He
ickowledged the guilt thai was his
and confessed that he had said to
the reporter just what the newspaper
said ho said.
Many men , both great and small ,
say things for publication and then ,
finding they have been indiscreet , de
clare they never said It and that it
was "one of those newspaper stories. " I
I
Give credit at least to Mr. Crane
for standing up and being a man when j
he was questioned about the interview.
If ever a public official in Madison
county earned a re-election that credit
surely belongs to Ilurr Taft , at present
one of the board of county commis
sioners and a candidate for re-elec
tion. Mr. Taft , during his term , has
done more for the district in which ho
lives than any other county commis
sioner ever did. Ho solved the Corporation - ] !
poration Gulch problem In Norfolk , ' '
and thereby earned the lasting gratl-1 1
nde of every citizen of the city. Ho
has been a factor in the building of
good roads and permanent bridges.
He has been economical in the admin
istration of his olllce. and today Mad
ison county , for the first time in years ,
Is out of debt. Hurr Taft's reputation
is too good to require the slightest
word of endorsement. Ho has lived j
on a farm near Norfolk for a quarter
century and people know htm to be' 1
conscientious , progressive , a hard
worker and a man of unquestioned in
tegrity. It is Madison county's good
fortune that he has consented to rim
for re-election , for the olllco requires
a very great deal of valuable tlmo and
hard work. Burr Taft should bo reelected -
elected by all moans.
No ono can accuse President Taft
of not having the
courage of his con
victions. Ho has gone straight to
headquarters and given to the "Insur-
gonts" in every particular the reasons
why ho opposed their particular do-
sires. At Seattle ho told them frankly
that ho was opposed to a territorial
form f < of government for Alaska , which
Is the ono thing the Seattle-Alaskans
feel that their future prosperity depends -
'j ponds , on. He met them at their fine
exposition and told them the reason
for < his opposition. In this the prcsl-
dent < 1 Is evidently right. Alaska has
few f < of the .essentials for a territory at
this t ; time. A large portion of the pope
illation spend four months of the year
In Alaska and eight In the states. The
population | i around Sitka would Inev-
Italily dominate territorial elections ,
nnd the country , stretching as It. does
from f British Columbia to the arctic
circle , would be hard to govern
through t .a legislature meeting at Sitt
ka. ] ( President Taft favors , at present ,
n bureaucratic government for Alaska.
This would bo more safely controlled
for a tlmo until matters are more stali
tlonary than at the present time.
THE CAR SHORTAGE.
About a year ago there were -100,000
freight cars standing Idle on railway
sidetracks , says the Chicago Tribune.
Now there Is a shortage reported In
several lines of traffic. According
to the semi-monthly statement of the
car efficiency committee of the Ameri-
can Railway association , the actual
car surplusage has been reduced to
nn.IlSS cars , one-third fewer than two
weeks before. Even against these figs
nres Is the offset of small shortages
mentioned aggregating Mo82 cars.
The available cars , therefore , arc few
and the surplus is smaller than at
any time since the beginning of the
period of depression in 1907. Even
this is likely to be wiped out within
the next few weeks , so that the railroads -
roads are facing what may be a severe
car shortage. Those which have cars
In | reserve are holding them for their
L
own use later , so that they are not
willing to help out the ones where
I
shortage already exists In fact. I
A report like this shows that busii
ness has caught up with the railroads ,
again and threatens to swamp them I
soon despite the appeals to car maunc '
factnrers f to rush orders for new equip- I
inent i and to the repair shop foreman I
to hurry work on "bad order" cars ,
The situation in the car line is a pret-.l
ty f good business barometer. The iin-
pending 1 car shortage may cause some
Inconvenience 1 , particularly as coal ,
'
cars are reported needed in several
sections , but it tells of a total railway J ! |
tonnage for the year that will bo emi-j !
nently satisfactory and of a general ,
prosperity that means contentment
and happiness for thousands of fam
ilies.
PAVING TIME HAS COME. j
I
The sentiment among Norfolk peo-
pie is almost unanimously in favor of
paving ' Norfolk avenue and as many
side streels as possible , as outlined by
,
Mayor Friday's recent suggestion , at
the earliest possible moment and a
considerable portion of the discussion
of Norfolk citizens during the pasl few
days has turned upon this topic. | I
That Norfolk needs paving goes
without argument. All are agreed that
the town never will have Ihe tone that
it ought to have , until it is paved. All
agree thai mudholes in Iho main slreet
will never be done away with until the
street is paved. The avenue in Us
present condition is an eyesore to the
town and creates a tremendously bad
impression upon visitors. That the
paving will increase property values
extensively ( is unquestioned , In the
light ' of other cities' stories , and that
once a half mlle was paved , the fever
would spread just as the sewer has
expanded , seems at once apparent. i' i
'
With paving to be undertaken in
the spring , It is none too soon to start
right now In getting the details out of
the way , preparalory lo the work. It
is none too soon to circulate the peti-
lion among properly owners , a major-
lly of whom unquestionably favor the
paving , and it is none too soon for
the council to get Into action and ere-
ate the district. Councllmen will have
to Investigate the mailer of paving In
order lo get the best kind of work for
the town , and this all will take lime.
There will probably bo some slight
opposition to paving in spots there
usually Is opposition to any movement
toward progress that a community
makes , but the will of the majority
will stand and this opposition will ex-
1st In such a minority of cases that It
can not keep Norfolk from advancing.
The tlmo for going ahead has arrived ,
and no ono man or few men can block
It. The great majority of people In
Norfolk have been waiting patiently
for some years for conditions to so
shape themselves lhat pa\ng could bo
legally accomplished. Now lhat time
has arrived and this stop forward can
no longer be prevented.
If it Is necessary to call a special
bond election to cover paving the in-1 |
1
tersecllons , thnl malter should bo taken - ,
en care of this fall so that when the' [ '
first robin comes , paving can bo start
ed with all possible speed.
Every act which will tend to got
i
preliminary details cleared up and
bring the real paving nearer at hand ,
will be received with satlsfacllon by
the citizens of Norfolk , who believe
the tlmo to begin is now hero.
FOR MORE ELASTIC CURRENCY.
That a more elastic currency will besought
sought by many students of finance' '
when the next congress meets , Is indi
cated by the following dispatch from
Washington , reviewing the argument
put forth by George H. Reynolds , pres
ident of the American Bankers asso
ciation : I
One eloquent fact that with coffora
overflowing with gold , America was
obliged to appeal to Europe for relief
In the panic of 1007 Is a strong point
In | , the argument lhat will bo made
to t < congroBB by the advocates of a revi
sion > of the monetary system of the
country , , according to the treasury sta
tistics produced by George H. Hoy-
uolds , president of the American Hank
ers * nssoclallon , In the course of his
statement to thai body. When the
first ' ' blast of evil times came in 1907 ,
the United States treasury hold over
one hundred million dollars more gold
than the great national banks of Eng
land l < , Germany nnd France combined ,
while circulating outside the treasury ,
among the national and state banks
and , the people was at least twice the
gold ; treasure held by nil of those great
European ' = banks. Yet this vast hoard
J' ' the United States was entirely mi-
ivallable. The credit of the national
government stood unimpaired , but the
business Interests of the country were
crippled for lack of the currency
which Is their life-blood , and only a
resort to the issue of clearing house
cerllficates prevented the panic from
assuming greater propoi lions limn it
did.
Congress must meet this sltuullon in
the | near future , for the legislation
that was enacted a little over a year
ago ) ( was but temporary In its nature
nnd must be either supplanted or reenacted -
enacted Into permanent law. This
realization of the need for action by
the national legislature has served to
direct attention to various projects
that have been advanced as proper
solutions of the problem , and first and
foremost among them stands the pro
posed ' national central bank. The
scheme stands in this relation to oth
ers for a double reason ; fl Is Ihe com
mon i belief that tl will form Ihe basis
of the curative legislation to be roe
ommendcd by the monetary coinmis
hion , and President Tuft , in his recent
Boston speech , has signified his own
favorable disposition towards the pro
ject. J Consequently , it is timely and
appropriate to disclose to the public
just j what is believed to be in Hie
minds , of Ihe president and Senator
Aldrlch and Iho Inttcr's seventeen
colleagues on the monetary commis-
&Ioii , when they refer to the contra !
bank ; for undoubtedly , there is a
great lack of information , even among
bankers , upon this subject.
Mr. Reynolds again is probably a
competent authority , and in his Clil-
cage [ speech be sought to outline this
important project. Here be pointed
out , was to be a bank of Ihe people
and i for the people. The people were
to be the stockholders , for anyone
'would be piivilegcd to buy the bank
stock just as he might a government
bond. i A small interest on such an investment -
vestment would be guaranteed by the
'government ; any earnings more than
sufficient to pay Hie guaranteed in-
[
leresl would be shared by Iho gov-
eminent and by the stockholders. Political -
litical 1 control of the great bank would
be made at least extremely difficult
by the life appointment of the officers.
Integrity of operation would be as
sured by a board of supervisors , ap
pointed by the president. Hie secre
lary of Ihe treasury and the comp
Iroller . of Hie currency , ( subjecl to
the approval of the senate ) , for al
ternate ( terms of at least eight years
to t bridge over political imitations.
Thus would be met the objeclions
founded j upon ihe hi&lory of the old
United Stales bank , that the centra ]
bank j might be prostltuled lo political
uses ( and be made a powerful engine
for I the perpetuation in power of one
party. ' It is not intended thai the cen
tral j bank should support the credit of
the nation ; lhat must stand or fall
by i llself. If Ihe national government
needs i funds ; if It spends more money
than ' it collects by taxation , ll musl
continue ! in the old way to borrow
money from the world nt large by the
sale f of bonds.
For the single purpose of this pro
jected J bank would be Iho safeguard
of ! Hie business Interests of ' .he people
ple In Ihelr private relations If there
were need for more money for busi
ness i purposes , Hie bank would sup
ply 1 It by notes and if there were a
plethora | , in dull limes , these notes
would be withdrawn rapidly. Govern
mental , assistance to the institution
would be limited to the deposit with
the ' central bank of all government
funds now in the national banks. Perhaps
j
haps lhat feature of the projecl would
be | obnoxious to Ihe existing banks
but 1 it is hoped that they would find
their ( compensation in being relieved
j from their present burden of currying
the whole weight of responsibility foi
Increased | In the circulating medium to
meet | sudden demands of business. At
any i rate , there would be no Inlerfer
once ' with the most profitable feature
of ! the banking business for Iho central
Institution would not receive deposits
from Individuals.
iMin Question as to how the business
man is to benefit by n central bank
Is sought to be answered by the statement
j
ment lhat the project included a pro
vision for the acceptance of good com
morclal paper as a basis for Ihe Is
sue i of money. Such paper would rep
resent ' nclnal transactions between
solvent ! concerns all short-time cred
its and sure to bo redeemed whenever
over i the transaction the sale and delivery
livery 1 was concluded. Of course
Ihorc would be a reasonable coin reserve
servo ' to maintain equilibrium. .
Such , In brief , is a bare outline of
the , plan , which with manifold delails
probably ; will bo laid before congress
as i nil accompaniment of the report ol
the ' national monetary commission
That It will meet with fairest nnd pro
longed opposition , cannot be doublet
and llils , too , in spite of the best ef
forts of the administration , to have
the mailer regarded as non-political
The mere suggestion of a central bank
already has sufficed to agitate deeply
the great banking Interests and the
line of division began to bo apparent
at the last bankers' con-entlon at
Chicago. Many of the bank officers
regarded the project with deep BUS-
piclon. They were told that no en
croachment upon their business was
contemplated beyond Ihe withdrawal
from their vaults of the government's
funds ; but they regarded the measure
as Ihe opening wedge for Ihe destruc
tion of the most lucrative portion of
their business and viewed with any
thing but favor the plan whereby the
government bank was to enter into
competition for the enormous discount
oiHsraticttiH which gave them very great
Influence In the Induslrios of the coun
try. Possibly their objections can ,
In n measure bo weakened by a re
course to some other means of secur
ing a basis for the circulating notes
of the central bank than commercial
paper , such as an enlarged reserve of j
gold and silver , or even gilt-edged
i.ortgngt'H on real property , But
.hose very suggestions would prob-
ibly call forth n now army of enemies ,
o combat the proposition ; for not
inly small banks but thousands of
ivealthy Individuals , find a large part
if the Income In returns from mort
gages , while the locking up In govern-
ueiit vaults of hundreds of millions
.11 coin or bullion would arouse hit
ler opposition from the advocates of
: he perfectly elastic currency. It may
be that the existing political parties
will lie divided on this great question
mil that there will be a new alignment
In congress when It is broached.
Indeed , there Is some reason to be
lieve that the administration would
prefer to wage the battle on this basis ,
but the one assured fact that In the
consideration of this subject congress
In | the near future1 , will plunge into
one of the most prolonged and hard-
fought ( contests It has known since the
days of the "slxtccn-to-one" struggle.
AROUND TOWN.
Hang on to your hat.
Great weather for grate fires.
It was the coal man's busy day.
One spot on a white apron spoils It.
Time to put 'em on , cvou if they do
scratch. ' I
Do you know you've been frosted , I
King Corn ?
You can't keep iv good man downer
or Henrat , either.
Hurrah for Columbus ! We have
been discovered.
Now that Hie coal season has ar-
ihod , there'll be some chitting.
Every Nebrasknn ought to stand up
for | Detroit In Uils battle royal , because
of Sam Crawford. ii i
ii i i
Whore have we heard of Peary and ,
Cook ? Do they play on the Pirates'I
team , or with Detroit ? ?
Mr. Von Phul loses the Lnhm cup
beiause he forgot to mail a letter , lie
surely was a Phul for luck.
Norfolk will celebrate Columbus day
Tuesday with "The Man of the Hour. "
What more could Columbus ask ?
Some of thij Norfolk playgoers seem
lo think that the curtain rises at mid-
night. The curtain still goes up al
"Be thankful , " nays Dr. Maekay
to the man with rheumatism , "that
you aren't a centipede with a thousand
legs to ache. "
One Norfolk woman wailed for yean ;
before she bought a rat ; couldn't make '
up her mind to it. Now she's bought
one and they're going out of style.
"Why do you live in Chicago ? " the
Chicago Tribune asks Its readers. A \
man from Indiana answers the coiiun- i
drum thus : "I don't. " He claims the
prize.
Tin' Norfolk News was the only
paper in Nebraska that published the
lesult of yesterday's world's cham
pion bail game the same day the
game was played.
Why does .1. Plerpont Morgan feel
badly over not being able to buy an
obsolete Italian palace for five million / '
dollars ? He could come to Norfolk
and buy a pretty good modern house
for that.
Two little boys living near Norfolk '
brothers decided to buy a pair of
pigeons. The pigeons cost 15 cents.
Not being able to divide that amount
equally , they determined to pay0
cents for Ihe birds , so that they could
each pay a dime and keep even.
ATCHISON GLOBE SIGHTS.
Experience doesn't do some people
any good.
When ihc men of a town flgbl for
nolhing except the postofllce and the
county offices , it's too bad.
A big , ugly , cross-looking man , with
a pretty wife , arrived in Atchison last
week , and It is already being predicted
that he will shoot somebody.
Look at the onion. How tight and
smooth It wears each layer ! That ,
sisters dear , is to be the fashionable
way of doing the hair this winter. I
As a rule , a man Is a fool so long
that people do not believe he can ever
(
get over It , and when he does acquire j
a little sense , his wisdom is not taken
seriously. j
At Atchisou woman of 17. who was
engaged four times and married twice ,
Is having what she claims Is her first
serious heart affair ; her son has fallen
in love and the girl doesn't suit her. I
The years , which have a fattening
and growing effect on a woman , seem J
lo shrink a man. Al 50 she looks like
a toy balloon blown up , and he looks
like a flannel .shirt that has been In
Iho wash all winter. I
The female form divine is becoming
more puzzling every day. One woman i
has her walsl under her arm pits , and
beside her there walks a woman with
her waist around her knees. The man
in love who follows the walsl line with
his arm must have a hard lime of it.
So far as known , no firemen over
helped a young woman out of a burn
ing building at night nnd fell in love
with her and married her. Even the
writers of romance realize that wo
men and yon women , In our nighties
look like the very old scratch , and n
woman looks worse than a man be
cause she has taken alt the hair off
her head.
Making Money
On the Farm
XVIL-Small Fruit
Culture
By C. V. GREGORY ,
Author of "Home Course In Modern
Agriculture"
Copyrirfhl , 1909 , by American Preu
Aiiociilion
! .MALL fruit can be grown almost
as easily as corn or oats If It
Is gone nt In the right way.
A liberal quantity grown at
home Is a luxury that Isvllhlii the
reach of every farmer. Grown on a
larger * eale , the small fruits niv
among the most profitable crops that
the farm will produce.
The best liked and most widely dis
tributed small fruit Is the strawberry.
The best soil for the strawberry bed
N a sandy loam. Strawberries do bet
ter on light soils , and the berries arc
larger and of better quality. If yon
have no llu'Ut soil that can be used
lor the slniwberry bed you can greatly
Improve a heavy soil by manuring it
well. Of course It must be well
' : ? MJ gilT .a lu
Sfinfl % l $ ? ? U/ /
FIO XXXIII IN THE llbACKIlEIlllY 1'ATClt.
drained. In order that It may warm |
up quIi-Uly In the spring Instead of |
remaining ' soggy for several weeks and
then linking hard , as uudrain < > d soils
sir ! ' 'ulile ' to do.
'owing , with thorough disk-
in in-owing , Is necessary in or-1
der ' i , .c\ \ the land Into the best con-j
dltion. ' Strawberries should follow
|
some cultivated crop which has been i
kept free from weeds. It will then j
be easier to prepare the seed bed , and j
the ' patch will be freer from weeds and '
Insects. : Strawberries are particular j
in ' their soil requirements , and a little j
care In preparation will add greatly |
to the si/.o of Ihe crop. Too little at-1
tention ' Is given to this most Important'
requisite. ' Many persons do not seem' '
to ( be aware that the strawberry Is nt [
all particular about the soil In which ,
It is put. As a consequence they prepare - (
pare tliclr beds without any reference ,
to Ibis essential factor In the success ,
of their enterprise and. of course , are ]
doomed to disappointment In the out
come.
Varieties of Strawberries.
Varieties of strawberries are divided
Into two general types the perfect and
'the Imperfect flowered. The Imperfect
contain i only Hie female organs or pis
tils , while the perfect sorts contain |
both stamens and pistils. The Imper-j
feet varieties can produce no fruit un-1
less fertilized with the pollen from Iho ]
flower of a perfect variety. It Is very
important that attention be paid to
this point In planting. Many of the
Imperfect sorts possess points of supe
riority over the perfect varieties. They
can be successfully grown by planting
every fifth row to a perfect ( lowered
variety. This row will furnish pollen
for the two rows on either side of It ,
In setting out a bed In this way care
musl be taken to see that the iwo va-
rlclles come Into bloom at the name ,
time. j
Perfect and imperfect varieties cau-j
not be told apart except when in [
bloom. Then the absence of the row1
of pistils around the petals marks the
Imperfect sorts. Lists of varieties of
strawberries always specify whether *
they are perfect or Imperfect. A reli
able nurseryman can be depended upon
to give you what you ask for. A list
of the varieties best adapted to your
locality can be obtained from your ex
periment station.
The strawberry Is propagated almost
entirely by runners. At each joint In' '
the runner a new plant appears and
takes root. Only plants less than a' '
year old should be selected for plant
ing. The i-rowu should not be too
large and the roots thick and long.
The presence of large woody roots
and a heavy crown Indicates that the
plant Is an old one. If there are many
loaves It Is well to pinch off one or
two of the largest to correspond to
the Injury to the root system.
Planting Strawberries.
Spring planting Is the most reliable ,
but whore the fall Is moist or the
patch I can be readily watered fall plantIng -
Ing Rives very good results. The two
Important points In planting are
spreading the roots and packing the
dirt tightly about them. The plants
should be set HO the cro'wns are Jnsl
Jove ! with the surfacu of Mfa ground.
Hills Versus Matted Rows.
Strawberries are grown both In hills
nnd In rows. In the bill system the
pltiUfl ; are set about three feet apart.
The runners are cut off in order to
make a compact , vigorous hill. The
size nnd quality of the berries are bet
ter under the hill system , but the mnr-
icd row system gives larger yields. In
till * ( lit ! plants are net from ten to
twelve inches apart In rows four feet
apart The runners are trimmed to
make a matted row about two feet
wldi ; Thommces between the rowfl
should be kept well cultivated during
the early purl of the season and Urn
weeds ptilled' III the rows. After Urn
second year the niniuM's can be allow
ed to fill these open spaces and tlw
original rows plowed up. In this wny
the bed can be easily renewed and kept
bearing foi'wveral yearn , usually until
the land becomes so weedy that n
muttt be plowed up and put In to some
other crop.
In cold climates the strawbcrrl < irt
must be given semi > sort of winter
protection. The object of this Is not HO
much to prevent freezing IIH to keep
the ground from that allernato free
ing and thawing which cause heaving
of the plants. A mulch of coarse lioiw
manure applied after the ground freeze
Is excellent for this purpose , as It add.-
fertility at Hie same time. In the
spring the straw ran be raked up niul
removed. One necessary precaution f- *
to be sure that the immure is fr > > i >
from weed seeds. I have seen straw
berry beds ruined because the mulch
contained timothy hay In which thi >
seeds were ripe enough to grow.
Raspberries and Blackberries.
Next to NlrnwIxMTli'S In Importiituv
are raspberries and blackberries. Tlu >
hc'st soil for blackberries Is about Ilk.-
that for strawberries , while for rnnp
berries It may lie a little heavier. The
two kinds of raspberries most exten
sively grow n In this country are red
and black. The red raspberry Is propn
gated by shoots which grow up from
the roots. One-year-old shoots are
preferable for planting. The rows
should be at least four feet apart , wilti
Ihe plants two feet apart In the row
Frequent and thorough rtilllvuUoii Is
necessary lo keep down the sucker- *
which aruw up from the roots. It In n
good pliin to plow the ground between
the rows every spring.
P.liu-1. rasplierrlcs do not si-nd up root
shoots. They are propagated by bury
ing Hie tips of Hie slicols In Hie ground
some time In August. These take reel
and produce new plants , which can b' ' >
transplanted Hie following spring. Tin-
Mack raspberries are more rank In
their liMblls of growth and should be
planted farther apart than the red va
rieties. Planting every -three feet In
ru\\s seven to eight feet apart [ a a
STOIM ! distance. They should resolve
thorough cultivation In the same min- :
ner as the led sorts.
The application of a coat of manure
between the rows In the fall will ma-
torinlly increase Hie yield of all small
fruits. Pruning Is also Important.
I'lncUbcrry and raspberry shoots boar
but once , so In Hie spring all thosii
which produced fruit the season be-
fmv should be cut out. P.lack rasp
berry shoots should have the tip.nip
ped off when they are about eighteen
Inches high. ThN causes lateral
branches to form and greatly Increase *
Hie .yield. The same treatment should
be given to bMekbcrries. After about ,
four gocd crops of raspberries have
been secured the patch should bo plow \
ed up and a new one started some .
where else.
Blackberries are usually propagated
by suckers. The distance apart Is
about four feel In the row. with rows
seven feet apart. The proper depth to
set the plants is about four Inches. It
Is a common practice to plnnt a row oC
potatoes or some other vegetable be
tween the blackberry rows the first
season. This can also be done with
black raspberries. About four or five
blackberry shoots are all Unit should
bo allowed to grow up the first sea
son. After that the number may b
gradually Increased. A well establish
ed blackberry patch will last six or
seven years. The .vlelda that may be
secured depend largely upon the fru-
I'lO. XXXIV F1KE Hl'lllO Of ItASl'JIUnillJW.
qucncy of rainfall during the ripening
season. A little dry weather at this
time will result In shriveled , worth
less berries.
In sections where the winter Is se
vere the best results cannot bo ob
tained from raspberries and blackber
ries unless some sort of protection 1
given. The simplest method of doing
Ihls Is by bending the canes down
along the row and co\c-rlng them with
dirt.
Currants and Gooseberries.
A cla.\ey loam soil , with plenty of
moisture. Is best for currants and
gooseberries. They do all the better
for a little shade and are not so par
ticular aboul cultivation as ihe other
small fruits. A heavy mulch of straw
or coarse manure may be used to keep
down the weeds and conserve mois
ture and cultivation dispensed with
entirely.
A few bushes set along a fence row
will furnish enough of this kind of
fruit for the family. They are propa
gated by cuttings , pieces of branches
which are planted In moist earth. .
where they take root. Two-year-old
plants are best for planting. Hislng
hardier than the oilier small fnills.
currants and gooseberries will stand
fall planting. Indeed , this Is almost a
necessity , since they start growing al
most as boon as the ground thaws In
the spring. All weak and old brandies
should be cut out early each spring.
Currants nnd gooseberries will continue
to yield ptofltablc crops on the sumo
ground fora long time.
Father's Revenge.
"Here is n telegram from pnpn , "
Bays Iho eloping bride. "He says for
us to come right homo nnd live with \
him and mamma. "
"I didn't think ho wciild be so vin
dictive as all that. " sighs the eloping
bridegroom. New York Life.
Change yourself and fortune will
change with you. Portuguese Proverb.