THE NOKOLK WEEKLY NEWS-JuUR ALFKlDAV JUNE 25 1909
Ths Norfolk Weekly News-Journal
The News , F.RtnbllBhcdlSSl.
Tlio Joiiriial , Established 1877.
THE HU8E PUDLI8HINQ COMPANY.
W. N. Huso , N. A. HIIBC ,
President. Socretnry.
Every Friday. By mnll per yonr. 11.50.
Entered at thu poBtoIllco nt Norfolk ,
Nob. . OH second clasH iiinttor.
TolopHioiioH : Editorial" Department
No. 22. lUiHlnoBH Olllce and Job UOOIIIB
No. II 22.
It IB easier to commit sulcldo with
a pen than with a pistol.
Secretary Wilson says that Joseph
Is the only man who over puccessfully
cornered grain.
When n man Is C5 ho begins to assure -
sure himself that gray hairs arc not
necessarily a sign of old ago.
The excesses that newspapers go to
over the heroes they know about , Just
Lolp to strike n fair average for the
many who never get Into public print.
The month of Juno la somewhat de
creasing the treasury deficit. At the
present rate It will not exceed $95,000-
DOO at the close of the fiscal year.
The Interstate commerc ? commls-
elon announces that the railroads lost
$164,000,000 last year , but so far as
lias been heard no one has found It
yet.
It cost Now York city $83,570 to
rrovo that William R. Hearst was not
entitled to the office of mayor. But
no ono questions that the money was
tvoll spent.
An exchange Insists that It 1 ? no
disgrace to bo poor. Perhaps not , but
It grows more Inconvenient with each
eucceedlng year of our national devel
opment.
A medical authority says a newspa
per folded across your chest will pro
tect your lungs from spring winds.
Especially If you select a newspaper
filled with hot nlr.
The largest United States Hag In
the world , so far as known , was made
by Mrs. Harry E. Mitchell of Pullman ,
Wash. , and unfurled at the opening of
the Alaska-Yukon-Paclflc exposition.
- The Rock Island road has had a
twenty-five passenger motor cnr con-
etructed to run on one of Us small
branches , similar to that tried out be
tween Norfolk and Bonesteel some
time ago.
An * architect makes the prophecy
that half the buildings in the world
will bo torn down In fifty years. This
is a happy anticipation of plenty of
business for his profession.
An exchange expresses the belief
that the laborious and fruitless ef
forts of the Rev. Edward Everett Hale
to reform the hardened sinners of the
tipper house hastened the great phil
anthropist's end.
San Francisco has one honest alder
man , but his density more than coun
terbalances his honesty. Ho admits
that ho accepted $4,000 as a gift , but
denies that It was a bribe. Probably
the company In handing It over never
mentioned such a thing as bribery.
A prominent judge has given a work
bouse sentence for fast automobile
driving. Merely exacting lines does
not reduce the speed of reckless driv
ers , but persistent sentences to con
finement and hard wprk will eventual
ly have the desired effect.
There Is a strange difference In the
staying qualities of fortune and mis
fortune. Fickle Fortune thinks she
has done her duty if she knocks once
at a man's door , but persistent misfor
tune can usually bo found loitering
around in the shadows most of the
time.
It is not the fear of cheap labor that
Is the real issue between Americans
nnd Japanese on the Pacific coast. It
ia the fear of another race problem ,
the fear that the west may be called
upon to go down Into the valley of
death and humiliation as was the
south , that arouses the people of the
coast states. They see the spectre of
another race problem.
If the government will make the lav
ish appropriations that it does with a
deficit in the national treasury , what
extravagance might not bo indulged
In with a surplus ? There are even
now with a deficit on hand , schemes
In the air involving the expenditures
of hundreds of millions. With a sur
plus a riot of extravagance would bo
Inevitable , with its sure sequel ol
more taxes. A small deficit , after all
Is not such a bad thing. It Induces
prudence in appropriation and econ
omy In administration.
A new departure in the railroad
world Is the invention of the mono
roll system , which Is to bo tried bo
twcen two small towns in Connecticut
By this system the wheels of the cart
run on a single rail spiked to concrete
ties. The car Is balanced and guided
by wheels operating on overhead ralh
and the electric motive power is alsc
derived from these overhead rails
The claim Is made by the promoters o
this Invention that thirty per ? ent cat
l > e saved In operating over the prea
ont system and n saving of 25 per
cent In maintenance.
Mr. Nagle , secretary of commerce
nnd labor , Is making a hard struggle
to prevent himself from being so
bound and hampered with red tape
that ho will follow along the line of
least resistance In the ruts of his
predecessors and amount to nothing.
The department of labor and com
merce Is less than eight years old. If
It has already settled Into the hopeless
habit of procrastination to the point
whcro It cannot move without pain ,
what must bo the condition of the
treasury , Interior , and other depart
ments that have been gathering moss
and barnacles for a century ?
J. T. Harms , n government meat Inspector
specter at St. Louis , recently tendered
his resignation and wrote to Secretary
Wilson that the Inspection system was
a farce , that hundreds of carcasses un
fit for food wore passed by the chief
Inspector after they had been con
demned by the deputies and that the
government seal Is placed on diseased
meat which Is sold to the public. Sec
retary Wilson has ordered an investi
gation. Later on some orfe will bo ap
pointed to Investigate the Investiga
tion and the public will learn thai
that , too , was a farce. Meanwhile the
people who can possibly ralso the out
rageous price , will continue to eat the
meat.
A great homo coming Is being
planned for "old Ireland" In 1910. For
generations Ireland has been a land of
emigration. Now they hope to create
a reflow. It is expected that at least
50,000 Irish-Americans will go back to
the "ould sod" to take part in the ex
ercises to bo held in various parts of
the island. The object of this move
ment is to interest Irishmen who have
prospered in promoting the Industries
of their native land. Whether the ef
fort will result in much direct benefit
to the industries of the emerald isle
or not , Indirectly the return of 50,000
well-to-do men to their native land for
a visit will be quite a substantial up
lift.
It has remained for a theatrical man
in Boston who controls a number of
companies to bar mother-in-law jokes
on his circuits. He holds that the
stage is an educational institution and
should do what it can to protect the
dignity of the family. It is Indeed
cause for rejoicing to have some one
realize at last that of all the sad old
jokes which are worked overtime in
spite of extreme old age , none so of
fends the good sense and good taste
of America as that senseless one about
mothers-in-law. The mother-in-law is
usually a blessing to the home that
she favors with her presence. In the
day .of sickness and sorrow the moth
er-in-law is generally in evidence and
as a ministering angel rather than a
shadow of wrath.
Just where this complicated modern
civilization will land the people of
this earth occasionally causes the
creeps with the thoughtful man who
takes a world peep at affairs. The
luxuries of even our grandfathers'day
have become the necessities of life ,
while a crowded population with the
problems of sanitation and municipal
government bring public burdens that
ard wholly of the last half century.
But with it all , the supply of optimism
grows in proportion , and after all pos
sibly the most fruitless occupation in
which mankind can indulge is think-
ng , that way always lies worry , while
lappiness comes through constant ( lo
ng.
Coal smoke has long been con
demned as a public nuisance and even
hose responsible for its fumes have
never attempted any defense for it
except that they could not help it. At
a recent banquet of coal men In Chicago
cage , W. P. Rand of that city boldly
advanced the theory that smoke is
not a curse but a blessing , not a men
ace to public health but a health pro
ducer. He said : "Those pseudo-phll
anthropists who go about condemning
smoke as a curse don't know whai
they are talking about , and are really
hostile to the public at largo. The ere
ator , who made coal , knew that there
would be coal smoke and that it would
bo a good thing for the world. The
carbon in smoke kills germs of
every kind and purifies the air. "
THE EARNINGS TAX.
It is doubtful if the president's 2
per cent tax on the net incomes o
corporations will pass congress and
become a law. It Is doubtful If 1
ought to pass.
The aim of the president In thU
measure Is to ralso revenue , and thus
make It possible to reduce tarlfl
schedules. But such extreme steps
are not justified by the circumstances
It Is true the nation Is In debt. The
government always has been and al
ways will be In debt. But It Is a wel
known fact that the moment greate
revenues were In sight , as a result o
this earnings tax , congress would be
gin devising ways and means of spend
ing extravagantly that Increased revenue
onue , plus. It is well enough that the
government remain in debt , if ever
that situation will tend to curtail ex
travagant expenditures on the part o
congress.
But there Is nothing just about th
proposition to compel a business firm
merely because It happens to bo In
corporatcd , to pay ti heavy tax which
unincorporated firms are exempted
from.
For example , why should the busi
ness llrms of Norfolk which arc Incor
porated for the sake of perpetuity , bo
forced to pay a tax which Individual
business men arc not required to pay ?
And there are a largo number of
business firms In Norfolk which are
Incorporated and yet owe' the public
or the government no greater tax than
unincorporated llrms of the same cal
ibre.
ibre.Tho
The earnings tax will result , In the
larger corporations , which the presi
dent apparently alms at , in merely anew
now system of bookkeeping which will
protect those corporations from tflls
unjust tax.
Such a law would result only In per
jury and evasion and it lacks any ele
ment of Justice or fairness.
And the same may bo said of the
Nebraska state law , now In effect.
There Is not much in the proposed
substitutes for tariff , as revenue rals- ,
ers , to commend them.
CARNEGIE LIBRARIES IN NE
BRASKA.
A recent Issue of Collier's contains
an article by Andrew Carnegie on
The Library Gift Business , " together
with a statement purporting to be the
first accurate list of Mr. Carnegie's
gifts. The tabular exhibit shows ng-
gregato donations of $51.506.903 for
lie erecting of 1,547 library buildings
nd 311 branch library buildings. The
Istributlon of the library gifts within
he United States Is summarized by
tates , with the names of the benefi-
lary cities and towns within each
tate. The Nebraska list Is as fol-
ows :
'wonty-one libraries $318,000
Alma , Holdrege ,
Albion , Kearney ,
Auburn , Lincoln (2) ( ) ,
Beatrice , McCook ,
Do Witt , Nellgh ,
i"alrbury , Norfolk ,
I'remont , Pawnee City ,
Jrnnd Island , South Omaha ,
lastlngs , Superior ,
Havelock , Tecumseh.
Making the division , this gives an
verage of a little more than $15,000
ontrlbuted by Mr. Carnegie to each
f the cities enumerated. It is well
known that the amounts given to
Beatrice , Lincoln and South Omaha
onsiderably exceed the average , so
hat most of the others must counter
balance by being below the average.
Concerning these gifts the Omaha
Bee says :
"Do the people of any of these cities
eel that they have been humiliated
> y accepting tainted money or pauper-
zed by letting Mr. Carnegie help
hem house their libraries properly ?
We doubt It. Yet whether or not the
donation of a library is regarded as
he most effective way of distributing
wealth , one feature which Mr. Car
negie emphasizes must strike straight
home. He insists that what he is dong -
ng is to help the Individual and tbe
community to help themselves that
he library gives nothing for nothing.
The condition of the gift is that the
Ibrary be supported by taxation. 'It
s owned by the community. It is no
gift to the poorer classes. They help
contribute their mite. It is the library
of the people and within its walls the
poorest citizen has all the rights of
, he mayor. '
"This prlnciplo of Mr. Carnegie's 11-
> rary gifts ought to be kept In view
n all similar undertakings designed to
provide charitable or educational in
stitutions for a community. It must
always 'be remembered that the erec-
Jon of a building is only providing the
plant and that the cost of maintenance
and operation is a steady and perpet
ual obligation. The foolishness ol
giving useless gifts is exceeded only
t > y tbe foolishness of accepting gifts
whose burdens outweigh the benefits ,
PARTY ALIGNMENTS.
Several Interesting questions , re
lating to the future of the democratic
party , of the tariff issue and of the
solid south , seem to be in process ol
answer by the course of events these
days. Everything indicates that the
next few years will witness new partj
alignments and perhaps new party ere
atlons also , such as men have beei
expecting for many years past
It is apparent that the solidity ol
the south is broken. This has beet
the cumulative work of many years
The weakening of the sectional feellnj
has been going on through a genera
tlon. It has broken down under twc
direct assaults. The first is the open
ly announced policy of President Taft
appointing reputable democrats t <
public office in the southern states
The second is the demand from south
ern constituencies that they be al
lowed to share in the financial advant
ages of protection. Between the two
there is not enough of solid south lef
to bank on. It has probably figured li
our elections as a sectional body fo :
the last time. So much service , a
least , the existing tariff debate hai
done. The announcement that tin
senate bill will be passed by the nl <
of southern democratic votes tells tin
Btory.
These developments open the wo ;
to Interesting and natural changes. I
has been evident for ten years pas
that the democratic party as such wa
dead. This was not because it wa
beaten , but because it had ceased t
represent any fixed principles what
over. But It held together formally ,
because it Is hard for a great party to
die. Now It can no longer persevere.
If the old democracy had ono article
of faith that could not bo changed or
weakened , It was "tariff for revenue
only. " Today there are not n score
of democrats In both houses of con
gress who could ho depended upon to
support that principle as against some
manufacturing Interests In their own
districts. There will bo a party stand
ing really for lower tariff ; perhaps
liorlzontal reduction , perhaps some
other form ; but the rearrangement of
parties is now bound to come.
AROUND TOWN.
Can you beat this weather ?
Summer is about to officially begin.
The longest day of the year Is at
hand.
A week from next Saturday wo cel
ebrate.
A mother-in-law that you can borrow
money from , Is the kind to have.
How would you like to sit In the
liot sun five days straight , watching a
flshpolo , and then catch only ono bass ?
The man who wipes his forehead at"
7 a. in. and says' "This is going to be
a scorcher , " has arrived on schedule
time.
Ono of the hardships which Harry
Kendall Thaw undergoes Is compul
sory going-to-bed at 9 o'clock every
night.
John R. Hays , 'Who has Just visited
his new grandson In the home of
Charles R. Hays , Denver , says that he
viewed the new boy from an entirely
unprejudiced viewpoint and that abso
lutely Impartially , he is prepared to
say that the boy Is the finest yet.
Two women In Norfolk , invited to a
six-hand euchre party , spent two days
practicing up on the fine points of the
game. When they arrived at the par
ty , "the game was switched to five hun
dred and the two practiced players
came in behind the flag.
A young woman from Chicago , visit-
In Norfolk , went1 Into a shoe store. A
largo woman had been buying shoes
of the salesman Just before. "Did you
say size 8 ? " asked the salesman of the
Chicago miss. "No , I said threes , " re
plied the prospective purchaser , with
Just enough hauteur. "Oh , " said the
salesman , "that was the other woman
who said eights. "
One Norfolk woman has a bit the
edge over all others for general pop
ularity. She Is trie originator of a new
Idea about the'b'est Idea yet. As a
men's prize at a card party this host
ess gave a golf-ball cake a huge
white cake ornamented on top with a
half dozen brand new , pure white ,
eager looking rough-rubber spheres
suitable for setting upon a tee and
driving 200 yards off Into the thin air.
Is It any wonder that that hostess has
made the "hit" of a lifetime in this
town right now ?
OVER NORTHWESTERN PRAIKIES.
t
Newport has accepted two new
chemical fire engines at $800.
Brunswick has cast forty-four votes
for school bonds and one against the
proposition , so that a new school buildIng -
Ing will be erected In the near future.
WIsner Chronicle : Bids for the
erection of the new St. Paul's Luth
eran church building were opened last
Saturday. W. Hi Whitcomb's bid was
the lowest , it being $2,433.50 , and the
contract will be given to him.
The Trlpp County News , C. F. Weav
er , editor , is the second paper to start
at Witten , In Trlpp county. The Newa
editor states that his paper was start
ed at Dallas two years ago and is just
moving over "to come Into Its own. "
Long Pine Journal : The Northwest
ern will need a few extra cars this year
to haul away the Brown county potato
crop , over 1,500 acres , with 200 bush'
els to the acre. Old Ireland will sit
up and take notice.
Martha Ramm , the 8-year-old daugh
ter of Mr. and Mrs. Dledrlck Ramm
living north of Pllger , died from blood
poisoning , caused by running a nail
into her foot about two weeks before
The funeral services were conducted
at the home on Sunday by Rov. Ollen
dorf , after which interment was made
in the cemetery north of Pllger.
Newman Grove Reporter : C. A ,
Randall arrived home from Texas
Monday night. He was accompanied
by his daughter , Margaret , who hat
been attending the .university at Lin
coin. Although Mr. Randall found
the country to be good , wo understand
he is not considering an immediate
removal. He expects to leave shortlj
for a trip which will take in Idaho
Washington and Oregon. George
Randall arrived home Friday even
ing.
Wayne Democrat : Wayne can tel
the rest of the saloon towns of the
state who have not yet tried it thai
the early closing law is an unqualified
success as a means to sobriety. Loca
booze fighters are up against a sobei
day , and country visitors who llko t
glass of beer when they como to th <
city are especially well pleased wltl
the new order of things , for when i
bunch of "good fellows" meet the kej
that turns them out at 8 p. m. Is i
gentle reminder that it is time to g <
home.
Wayne Democrat : The matter o
appointing a new county judge to fll
out the term of E. Hunter , resigned ,
will be taken up by the board of
county commissioners next week. Mr.
Hunter's resignation was filed last
week and since there has been con
siderable discussion as to whom the
board will appoint. The * moro likely
candidates arc James Brltton and J.
11. Masslc , Postmaster Baker nnd Edi
tor Closson of Carroll , and Attorney
h. E. Slman of Wlnstldc , being men
tioned , although the Democrat has
been told that Mr. Slnmn was not
wishing the honor. The commission
ers meet for regular business next
Monday.
NEBRASKA POLITICS.
Atkinson Graphic : A petition Is be
ing circulated asking that the name of
Miss Minnie Miller be placed on the
non-partisan ticket for superintendent
of schools. Miss Miller Is ono of At
kinson's popular home teachers In our
public schools nnd Is well qualified for
the position.
ATCHISON GLOBE SIGHTS.
Nothing tastes as good as It looks
In a cook book.
After we ask three or four men
"How Is business ? " and they reply ,
"Rotten , " we quit asking the question.
There Is ono place where rich and
poor met on an equal footing : at a
gambling house. They are all robbed
alike.
Men who cannot resist the tobacco-
chewing habit should go off by them
selves , llko men do when they become
sick at their stomachs.
The great difference between a widower
ewer and a married man is that the
married man Is watched by only one ,
and that one has a right.
How the people enjoy seeing a noted
tight wad taken In by an agent or a
confidence man ! But pleasure of this
kind , by the way , does not come to the
.people often.
A firq-fighting apparatus and a town
> ark don't count for as much In a
own's growth as the fact that the
widow of John Brown is no longer re-
erred to as 'the "Widow Brown. "
When photographs of Mother , as
she appeared when young , are shown
the children , they begin to regard her
wrinkles and gray hairs as a proof of
Father's mean treatment , Instead of
he work of Time.
A man came home lately , and said
o hls wife : "Mary , are you losing
your hair ? " She replied that she was
not "All the women down town , "
continued the husband , "have such
big bunches on their heads that you
are beginning to look funny. "
On the street today we noticed a lit-
; le girl whose legs were particularly
.hln ; they looked like knitting needles.
While we were observing them , a gust
of wind came around the corner , threw
the little girl's skirts against her legs ,
and broke both of them off between
; he ankle and the knee.
A woman never forgets. An Atch-
son woman was dying , and her rela
tives were standing by her bedside.
The woman tried to speak , nnd the
relatives gathered closer , to hear her
last message. "I see , " she said , "that
Joe Merritt has quit at Thompson's
store. Do you suppose there is any
chance to get Rob In there ? " ( Chart
Rob was her nephew , always looking
for a job. )
An Atchison man died lately , and ,
when his remains were viewed at the
funeral , a placard was lying on his
breast , which read : "Now , will you
let me alone ? " There Is a good deal
of talk about the affair. The under
taker says he placed the placard there
at the last request of the deceased.
There lives in Atchison a very good
hearted woman , who always gets out
her largest handkerchief , and takes It
with her when she hears of a death.
Sometimes she takes two , in order to
keep up her end of the weeping. Re
cently she ciado such n call , and didn't
get a chance to shed n tear. "We can
not change anything by weeping , " said
one of the bereaved family , "and do
not intend to bring grief to our friends
by causing them sorrow. " And , while
such conduct was a shock to the pro
fesslonal weeper , wasn't it the right
kind ?
Why do people keep their own pic
tures about ? If they want to look at
themselves , there ore always mirrors
to give a better likeness. The family
can always gaze on the living person
when they are there , so why do they
want a likeness ? Pictures nro all very
well to give to your friends or rela
tions that do not live in the same
house with you , but you keep them
around for the family to see when you
are constantly there. A picture , taken
a long time ago may be Interesting ,
but , otherwise , we cannot understand
why people have their own pictures
framed and hung on the wall. But
you find one In every house.
About Norfolk.
Wayne Democrat : "No fishing
aloud , " is the sign put up at a Norfolk
outing resort. They must use the
"noiseless bait" In that locality.
Stanton Picket : The Norfolk News
wishes to know what has become of
Wm. R. Hearst. Why not lot him rest
( n peace ?
Tekamah Journal : Up at Norfolk
a young lady was hauled before the
police court and fined $8 and costs for
swearing. Why arrest the girl for do
ing that which a man does with Im
punity ? Is it any worse for a girl to
do such a thing than a man ? This
double standard of wrong Isn't right
Making Money
On the Farm
-Drainage
By C. V. GREGORY.
Agricultural DMslon , Iowa State College
PIQ. I PnOTEOTINO TILE OUTLET.
hard pun the tile may have to bo laid
shallower or the water will never get
to them. Deep tile moan a deep layer
of mellow soil , which acts as a sponge
to hold capillary water for the crops.
The deeper the tile the farther their
effect will bo felt on either side.
The size of the tile depends upon the
fall and the amount of land to be
drained. The engineer who lays out
the drain will usually be able to com
pute the size required.
In estimating the number of acres to
be drained by a given line of tile all
tbe land from which surface water
flows toward It should be included , as
well as all land drained by laterals
which empty into it
Tbe depth of the drains and the char
acter of tbe soil are the chief factors
that determine tbe distance apart to
place the drains. Tile four feet deepen
on a eandy soil will draw seventy-Ore
feet on either side , while In clay ioll
their effect will not be felt a third aa
far. As already stated , the width of
the strip of good corn or other grain
over a drain Is a'good Indication of tbt
C. V. GREGORY ,
Copyrljht. 1909. by Am rlc n ftttt Author of "Uotne Course In Modern
Aiioclitlon Agriculture"
order to make money on the farm
IN It Is first necessary to get the land
lu shtipe to respond liberally to
the work put upon it. Utio of the
first and moat Important steps in get
ting It In such condition Is to drain It
thoroughly There are two general
types of drains tllo drains and open
ditches.
About the only place where an open
ditch can bo used to advantage Is in
draining largo sections of the country
where natural drainage Is Insulllcleut
to carry off the surface water or to
provide ati outlet for tile. Such a
ditch Is really an artificial river. Its
large HZU ! prevents it from becoming
easily clogged. It should bo mudo
deep enough to provide u good outlet
for tile systems from the farms trib
utary to It , The sides should have a
slope of at least one to one run back
one foot for every foot of rise.
The Use of Tile.
The major portion of the drainage ,
however , must bo done with tile. In
starting out to tile a farm It pays to go
at It systematically. Few farmers are
able to tile their whole farms nt once ,
but by planning tbe whole system be
fore nny work Is done and then put
ting In an many roda as possible each
year the farm will In the end bo thor
oughly drained tit much less expense
tliiin If the work was gone at in a hit
ortnlssfashion. .
The proposed lines of tile should be
laid off by a good engineer. Ho has
tbe toolsand * ability to do it properly ,
and a little money spent In tills way
will be made up many times over in
tbe added elllciency of the system.
The Urst money that Is spent for tllo
should be put where it will yield tbe
quickest returns. On almost every
farm there are sloughs and draws that
are too wet to work long after the rest
of the Ueld is dry. The loss is not so
much from the land that is taken up
by these sloughs , though that often
amounts to considerable , as to tbe
trouble and loss of time in working
around them. A line of tile can be run
up to such a place to take out tbe wa
ter and laterals put in later to drain
tbe surrounding ground more thor
oughly. ' W n . f t ' .
Often after the slough Is drained
there will be n strip of corn over tbe
tllo that will be the best in the field ,
while out a little farther the corn will
be small and yellow. The width of
this strip of corn Is n very good Indi
cation of the distance apart that the
drains should be placed. The ground
over the tile is warmer and drier in
the spring than the other , and consequently
quently the corn pets n better start
Through the summer , when there is
no water In the tile , air is flowing
down through them. This pulls air
down through the sot ) , making root
growth more rapid and the plants
more vigorous. A deep root system
moans a large feeding ground and con
sequently a larger yield. For these
reasons all low. flat lands should bo
thoroughly underlaid with rows of
tile , even though the surface water
never stands on them. A map showing
tbe exact location of the drains should
bo kept so that they can be readily
found when It Is desired to add later
als to the system
Planning the Drainage System.
In planning a drainage system there
are three especially Important consid
erations the depth and size of the
tile and the distance apart of the
drains. More tile drains arc put In too
shallow than too deep' In most soils
four feet Is about tbe right depth. In
"pulling power" of the drain. Where a
drainage system Is being put lii n little
at a time the laterals can bo put In
from 70 to 200 feet apart at first , de
pending on the soil , and others put tti
between later If experience shows
them to bo necessary.
/ The Outlet.
' One of the most Important parts of
the drainage system Is the outlet. If
the drain empties Into a ditch or
stream n stone bulwark should bo
built up to keep the end tllo from be
ing washed away. The drain should
enter the stream above the level of the
water If possible. When It enters be
low the force of the current la check
ed , and If the water Is carrying much
silt Bomo of it will bo deposited In tha
no. n roon WAT TO I/AT TILE.
tile. It is a good plan to use sewer
pipe for a few feet back from the out
let as It Is not BO easily displaced by
freezing.
Many drains are built with an out
let In n box at the side of the road or
next to a neighbor's fence. Such an
outlet Is not very satisfactory , but
sometimes It Is the best that can be
provided. The box should be well
.built to keep out rubbish. The moutb
of the tile In this as well as In other
forms of outlets should be covered to
keep out small animals during dry
weather. Thovbottom of tbe box should
be at least a foot below the tile. The
silt that softies here should be clean
ed out occasionally A much better
plan than the use of a tile box Is to co
operate with the rend authorities or
with the neighbors and extend-the line
of tllo to some permanent outlet
Laying the Tile.
It rarely pays a farmer to lay his
own tile , but be should keep close
watch of the men whom he hires to do
the work. A little carelessness in lay
ing the tile may make the drainage
system practically worthless. If at
nny plneo the tile dips an Inch below
the grade line , that Inch will fill up
with Kilt and the capacity of tbe whole
system will be reduced that much.
The old saying that a chain is no
stronger than Its weakest link applies
with cspec-lal force to a tllo dralrj. No
niau can lay tile to grade accurately
by eye. even If there Is water running
In the ditch at the time. Remember
that It Is your money that IB pajlng
for the drain and that it la your priv
ilege to have It put lu as you want it
The only way to get the tile laid ex
actly to grade Is to use targets. When
an engineer lays out n line of the tile
ho sets a row of grade stakes , each
one ma'rkcd with the depth the ditch late
to bo at that point When the dltcb
is down nearly to the required point
targets are set up at these grade
stakes. A target consists of an upright
stick on each side of the ditch with
a crossbar clamped to it These crossbars - ,
bars should be adjusted so that they
are level and Just seven feet above the
grade line. For Instance , if the cut
marked on the grade stake is four
feet the crossbar should bo three feet
above the stake. After a number oi
these targets have been set a string la
stretched across the tops of them.
Then a measuring stick seven feet long
will just reach from the string to the
correct grade line. With ono man to
bold the measuring stick and nnothci
to scrape out the bottom of the ditch ,
It can be dug to grade very accurately.
Of course. both digging the dltct
and laying tbe tile should begin at the
outlet. Don't let the men stand OB
the bank and lay the tile with a hook.
Make them get down Into the dltck
and put them in by band , standing on
those already laid to hold them In
place. By handling each tile any
cracked or imperfect ones can be dis
covered and thrown out After tbe
tile are laid n little dirt should bo
scraped from the side of the ditch to
hold them In place. As soon as tha
whole line Is In no time should bo lost
in covering the'dltch.
Reminder * .
Mrs. Ho said 1 reminded him of n
Qreok.gpddcss. Mr. Hub ! Mrs. What
'
'
dd 1'rc'mlnd you of ? Mr. Of every-
darned thing I overlook that you aalc
me to do. Cleveland I > nrtpr.
Answered.
Bobby-What'a tbe simple lifts , pa ?
father Doing your own work , ray som.
Bobby And whafs Ura strenuous life ?
Father-Doing some other felloWn
work. Now run along and play.
