* Inki THE NORFOLK WEEKLY NEWS-JOURNAL. , , , , , NORFOLK NEBRASKA FRIDAY JULY 20 1007 BARNS AND SHEDS DEMOLISHED IN STORM. THREE HOUSES AT EMERICK Hall Ruined Crops In Patches Cllnl Smith's Farm Northwest of Emerlck Was Half Shot to Pieces by the Hall , Hall In Platte. Madison , Nob. , July 25. Special to The News : A tornado struck a portion tion of Madison county two and a half miles south of-Madlson Tuesday night , News of the storm Just reached this city. Nobody was hurt or killed , but buildings were toin up and crops dam > aged. At the Conner section a cattle sheel and hen coop belonging to Louis Schoennohl were destroyed. A large barn belonging to Jacob Brock on the same section was demolished , as well ns a chicken ccop and his farm ma' chinery. Four hogs weie killed. Thrse Houses Demolished. Thteo hou.es were d.molished at Emerlck , fourteen miles northwest o ) Jiere. Heavy hall ruined crops In 0 vicinity Half the crop on Mayor < . Smith's farm were destroyed. \ Southeast of here In Platte couutj hail did sfileus damage. HAIL RUINS CORN AND OATS. -Serious Damage Done on Sixteer Square Miles Near Tllden. A dovastlng wind and hall slorn : swept the locality of Tllden , tearing down trees and windmills and ruining the corn and oat crop completely soutl : of Tilden in a Etrlp two miles wide and seven or eight miles long. Most of the winter wheat had al ready been cut and the crop was excel lent , averaging up better than the crop did a year ago. THE STORM IN HOLT COUNTY. Loss In Crops is Estimated There ai About $150,000. It Is said that a destructive hail am wind storm swept northern Holt conn ty clean of all kinds of crops and dlt great damage to buildings and live stock. A terrific downpour of rain fol lowed the hail and swept the streams of all kinds of bridges , which will en tall great expense upon the countj and the numerous townships for theii replacement. The storm started abou twenty-two miles north and abou three miles west of O'Neill and swop eastward along the Eagle and 'Honoj creeks , covering a territory from tk < Eagle to within about six miles nortl of O'Neill , about fourteen miles wide When directly north the clouds split the main storm extending eastware along the Eagle and Black Bird creeks In the valleys along'which reside som < of the largest farmers in the county The main storm extended nearly te Disney and was from eight to twelve miles wide and about twenty-five miles long. The portion of the cloud tha swept over O'Neill passed southeas and it has been impossible to ascer tain the distance traversed in that dl rection , as all telephones In that sec tion are out of order. The wind wai terrific and completely demolished thi grandstand on the fair grounds there but did little damage to other build ings in the city. Crops in the country traversed b : the storm never looked better thai they did before the storm. Farmer : who then expected from fifty to seven ty bushels of oats per acre , have slnci beeif gazing upon fields in some o which the last vestige of the abundan crop that was growing thereon ha < been removed by the flood of wate that followed the storm of hall. Con fields , in many of which the com wa tasseling , have been cut down am hammered into the earth. It is lookei upon as the greatest calamity that eve fell upon that county , the loss to grow Ing crops being conservatively estl mated at $150,000 , besides the damage to buildings and live stock. As nearly all the country telephone lines In the devastated section arc down It is hard to get full particulars and later re turns may Increase the estimate of the damage done. THIRD HAIL STORM THERE. Area Near Petersburg Ruined Some of It Hailed on Third Time , Petersburg , Neb. , July 25. Special to The News : A heavy rain and hall storm fell in this vicinity last evening. A heavy rain fell hero and some hall , but no , thwest of here It hailed consid erably. An area of country covering about t o sections was completely hailed out. Some pieces of grain were hit for the third time this year. It is said the small grain can only bo cut for feed. CHURCH STRUCK BY LIGHTNING In Storm at Lindsay , Catholic Church Was Hit by Bolt. Lindsay , Nob. , July 25. Special to The News : Durlnrj a severe electrical storm hoie jesterday forenoon the steeple of the Catholic church was struck by lightning. The steeple was badly demolished but no other dam age was done. place , contested her right to the laud on the ground that her legal residence was with her husband , who is em ployed in another section ot the coun try. The land office at Rapid City decided against the woman , as did the commissioner of the land ofllcc at Washington , but Attorney U. P. Stew art of this city appealed the case to Secretary Garfleld personally and has just been notified of the decision that will make an Important precedent for future cases. TO STAMP OUT GLANDERS. State and County Authorities Take Prompt Action. Beresford , S. D. , July 25. The fact that glanders have been discovered near Beresforel' that it was found necessary to kill a flue team of driv ers belonging to James Murphy is greatly Interesting the farmers In the locality , and they are taking steps to have all the horses around here exam ined with the view of stamping out the disease. It is generally thought that the disease was brought here by a horse taken from a herd of western horses , which was brought hero by one Charles Mason , and it is now pro posed to have all herds , where ono of the horses taken from the herd has been running , examined. While ordi narily the work Is done by the slate , Is expected that the county cominls- \j > , era and the county board of health < < sslst In the work , Inasmuch as . > aso is fatal alike to animal aui. \Q 'nd. * fc FARM SLIDES. The Cause of the Disturbance Is a Mystery. Sioux Falls , S. D. , July 25. A farm er named Hnvronck , who resides In Charles Mix county , has reason to be- leve that his farm Is situated over a volcano or that a convulsion of some mture has just taken place in the bow els of the earth under his farm. Without any apparent cause n tract embracing about one and one-half acres of his farm commenced sliding , and before it stopped had slid a dis tance of four rods , leaving fissures or cracks in the earth. These fissures or cracks are from six inches to ten feet deep. Havron- ek's farm is situated about four and one-half miles south of the body of water known as Lake Andes. What caused the landslide Is a complete mystery. Instinct In Plants. Climbing plants have two opposing methods of describing spiral growth. The plants that turn to the right In the northern hemisphere reverse this trend in the southern hemisphere , and therefore , for the sake of consistency , It may bo preferable to describe the two kinds of spiral tendency ns re spectively "clockwise" and "counter clockwise , " which latter can be short ened to "countenvlse. " The honey- stickle and the hop turn "clockwise , " while the convolvulus and the scarlet runner bean twine "countenvlse. " Ex periments made by growing scarlet run ner beans in opaque cylinders , to dis cover whether the deviation of the twist was Innate or merely from the direction of the light , disclosed the fact that the plant possesses an Inclina tion resembling the instinct of animals , of proceeding In u given direction , and resents any attempt to force It other wise. Swedenborg In Ruffles and Wig. Swedenborg was a great deal In Lon don , where he was known and admired and had several good friends , but his small knowledge of English and the impediment in his speech precluded him from any real Intimacy. His slight figure , with its fine features and hazel eyes , was well known in the neighbor hood of Coldbath fields , where he lodg ed , and ho was often seen stopping to talk to the children , for whom he used to carry sweetmeats. Hewas always dressed In an old fashioned suit with lace ruffles and wore n full bottomed wig , carrying a sworel and a gold head ed cane. On Christmas eve , 1771 , ho had a stroke of apoplexy , and on March 29 , 1772 , the elay he had fore told , he died at the liousc which he had himself named. Occult Review. Genetti Says He Sot Death Trap. Belleville,1 111. , July 25. Joseph Genptti , In Jail here , confessed to set ting a death trap in the Consolidated coal mine at Colllnsvllle , 111. , July 1. The trap killed his cousin , August Genetti , and also killed Louis Colonna. Ho implicates another coal miner , who is not under arrest. Win. Philadelphia , July 2J5. ; The Elks' committee on awards has announced that the Cincinnati lodge won the first prize of $250 for registering the greatest number of women at the re union hero last week. Brooklyn was second and Buffalo third , Victoria's Greatest Fire. Victoria , B. C. , July 25. The great est flro in Victoria's history occurred last night , destroying five blocks and many detached buildings. Between Herald and Chatham and Pioneer streets scarcely anything escaped. The loss is estimated at $250,000. Preliminary of Murder Trial , Cheyenne , Wyo. , July 25. The pre liminary trial of Herbert H. Harper , charged with the murder of Emllo Gossl , will occur today before Judge Padgett. It is sold nil pica will b self defense. NOT A REPUBLICAN OUT FOR AN OFFICE YET. BUT PLENTY OF DEMOCRATS . With Only a Few More Days Gefore the Entries Close In the Primary Election Race , No Republicans Have Come Formally Forth. West Point , Neb. , July 2G. Special to The News : The political situation in Cumlng county Is developing some cut Ions features. Numbers of demo crats , candidate's for all the cohnty of- ices , have filed their nomination pa- ) crs , but with the time limit only ten lays distant not a single republican ias so far filed nor oven has there H'cn a single printed announcement of the candidacy of any ono of that > olltlcal faith. This is the moro extra ordinary from the fact that to an ob server it would appear that the chanc es for a republican at this election vould bo extremely good on account of the serious split in the democratic ranks over the control ot party policy and the distribution of the pie. At east three excellent republicans have irivatcly announced themselves as ) robablo contestants for the olllccs of sheriff , treasurer and clerk but up to this time no formal announcement a iave been made nor filings presented , concerted action on the part of the carters of the party has so far been taken. Improvements at Lindsay. Lindsay , Neb. , July 25. Special to The News : E. Howarth of Albion has ust finished putting In throe blocks of cement walk and also some cement crossings , improving the sidewalk con ; lltlons immensely. INDCRSE AMERICAN PEACE PLANS Hague Conference Will Adopt Pro posal for Permanent Arbitration. The Hague , July 25. Thus far the United States has contributed moro than any other country to the success of the peace conference. As was ex pected , the American proposal for the collection of contractural debts will bo adopted almost unanimously on July 27 , only a few countries making reser vations , while the proposition regard ing the permanency of the arbitration court , the most Important step of the conference , also will be accepted , with amendments , to which , however , the American delegates will offer no ob jections. Another American proposition , that relating to general .arbitration , IB meeting with some opposition , which Is offered not against the principle but because of the difficulty of carry ing out the plans as proposed. The British delegation , however , has re ceived instructions to support both Uie permanent court and the general arbitration propositions. Still another American proposition , that relating to a permanent period ical conference , will not be presented until the end of the peace conference , In order to avoid Interference with the work already under discussion. CARDINAL HAS ANNIVERSARY , Seventy-Three Years Old , Declares Life of Usefulness Best to Live. Westminster. Rid. , Uuly 25. Car dinal Gibbons , who is seventy-three years old , celebrated the event quietly at the home , of friends here. The cardinal said he was In splendid health. In commenting on his long life and his work , the cardinal * said that a life of usefulness and helpful ness to one's fellow men Is the only life worth living and with the glorious hope of Immortality the measure ol one's years was not bounded by time but endured forever. Volcanic Eruption In Tonga Island Sydney. N. S. W. , July 25. Reports have been received from the Tonga islands that seven columns of volcanic eruption have been visible at sea fo ; the past fortnight from the Island of Tougntnbu. The eruption has been accompanied by a continuous roaring .noise . niu1 frnfiurnit Explosions. Investigating Peonage Story , St. Louis , July 25. The story told by Avanza Amaeica and Oulborzl Olln- do , two Italians , who said they had been held in slavery for twenty-two months on a RIlssTssippl plantation tnd had just escaped , caused United Btatoa District Attorney Qlodgett to Institute an investigation into the al leged peonage. According to the story told by the Italians , there is a peonage colony of twelve Italian families , con- listing of fifty persons , on a cotton olantation at noblnBOpvlllo Mlsa Work or Blackmailing Band. New York , July 25. The district at- tornoy's office obtained a number of letters in connection with the murder of the rug merchant , II. S. Tavshan- jlan , which showed that for several months there have Ueon communica tions sent to rich Armenian merchants In this city , demanding that amounts of money be sent to the Hunchaklst Foclety on pain of death. The letters confirm the reports of a widespread conspiracy to get money and which the district attorney thinks is alarming ing- KILLS OIRL AND HIS FRIEND New Ytrker Awnkca to Realization of His Dual Crime. Now York , July 26. Almost at tha moment that his second victim breathed his last , KrnnU II. Warner awoke to coiiBclouuuesa and u re'iillza- .Ion of his tragic acts of Tuesday. Wnrnor , formerly it prosperous halter , rulnod by drink , shot and killed Csthor C. Norllng , who once hud ) pen his bex > kkeeper , and after a wild light from the police , fired a liullut nto the back of his Intimate friend , John C. Wilson , a wealthy hatter. Wil son died at St. Vincent hospital , and UB the uows erf his death reached Hollo- vlio hospital , where Warner Is a pris oner , the latter retrained his Hcnttes. Warner was knocked down and badly njuied by the crowd that captured ilin ami he had since been In a com atose state. Police CommlRHlonur Uingham suspended three policemen , who failedto arrest Warner after ho had killed Miss Norllng. RECALCITRANT WITNESS STILL REFUSES TO TESTIFY. RS. DOXTON ON WITNESS STAND Wife of Supervisor Snys the $5,000 jWhlch Her Husband Has Confessed Was Accepted as Drlbe from Halacy 'Was Given to Her. .Ban FiranctBco , July 25.Mlrs. . Charles Boxton , wife of Supervisor Boxton , was called In the Glass brib ery case. She said that her husband brought home and counted in bar presence and gave her the $5,000 in bank notes which Boxton had testified was paid to him as a bribe by Agent HalBoy of the Paclllo States Telephone and Telegraph company. Second Vice President Kmlle .1. 21m- mor of the Pacific States Telephone company , who has twice undergone Im prisonment In the county jail for con tempt In refusing to testify for the prosecution , was again called to the Btand. Mr. Ilenoy , amplifying the question , the refusal to answer which boa cost /Ci miner his liberty , asked : "Were you not in February of 1UOC auditor of the Pacific 'states Tele phone company and at that time did not. Louis Glass , ns vice president and general manager of the company , In- etruct you to drivw three or four checks for $10,000 or more each , and ono or more checks for $5,000 or moro each , and Instruct you to take them to the bank and gat them cashed and to give the money to T. V. Ilnlsoy anil ask no voucher from him therefor ? " Zlmmor declined again to answer. Judge Lawler pronounced sentence of five days In the county jail for con tempt and added a fine of $300. BOILDINB ANDJ.OAN MEETING I Secretary Reports on Wonderful In crease In Operations In Country. Chicago , July 25. The fifteenth an nual meeting of the United States League of Local Building and Loan associations opened 'ivith a large at tendance. Secretary Cellarlus of Cin cinnati and other officers submitted their reports. In the commencement of his report Secretary Cellarlus declared that the local bulUUng and loan associations in the United States are showing won derful prosperity. During the last year , he declared that they gained In assets $43,784,900 , and Increased the amount of their annual receipts near ly $45,000,000. The report then de clared : "Tho year 1905 made a remarkably good showing , with a gain in assets of $29,000,000 , but lost year exceeded these figures moro than $14,000,000 , so that In the last two years the build ing associations of the local type have gained in assets nearly $73,000,000. The net gain In membership for the year waa 86,033. There are now in the United States 3,310 local building and loan associations , having a member ship of 1,099,714 and assets amount- in ) : to $073.129.200. . ' William Crlckett Is Dead. ' .Oskaloosa , la. , July 25. William Crlckett , m&ior of Oskaloosa , died BUdjlenly of heart disease. He was n prominent coal operator. TELEGRAMS TERSELY TOLD" -rfto Gustavus H. Thlol , president and founder of the Thlel Detective Service company , died at Chicago of apoplexy Governor Franzt is&uul a procla mation calling an election in Okla homa and Indian territory on Tuesday Sept 17. Charles Evans ( Edgowater ) won the western Junior championship by de feating Albert Sockol ( Riverside ) , 1 up in the final 36-holo match , for the tltlu at Westward Ho. The magistrates who have Invcstl gate-d the killing of a woman near Pottsdam , Germany , by Emll Simon of Now York while driving an automo bile , have decided that Simon must re main in prison to await trial. Chaplain Harry W. Jones of the bat tleshlp Minnesota , who has been sta Honed at Norfolk , Va. , Is to bo tried by court-martial on charges of scan dolous conduct and falsehood , pro fcrred by the acting secretary of the ftavy. ATTORNEY DARROW MAKES AUDI ENCE GASP IN HAYWOOD CASE. HEAPS ADUSE ON PROSECUTION Chicago Lawyer Vents Accumulated Wrath In Angry Denunciation of Or chard , Hawley and Plnkertons Ap peals for Labor as Against Capital. llolso , Ida. , July 25. The career of Frank Sti'uitonberg , the murdered gov ernor of Idaho , was discussed at Home length by Clarence Durrenv In his plea In behalf of William 1) . Ilnywood. Justityltig the articles published In the Miners' Mngiuluo , the olltclal or gan of the Western Federation , Mr. Dor row mild the action ol SU'imenhc-rg in asking fur United Stales troops to quell ilot and the cutabllultiiunt of martial law In 18'JO ' was unjustifiable ami had properly utinod up Intense feeling in labor circles against the ijovcinor. Damnv'fi argument developed Into an appeal for labor as against capital and a denunciation ot all opposition to the unions. He held an audience startled and open-mouthed us one alter another of the sentiments poured from his lips. His attack on On-hard was expected , and In this leaped he fulfilled and mil passed the limit of sensation. Three hours were given .o Orchard , and It was only when vituperation and phya- co.1 fence and words were spent that Darrow turnoil to Jam OB II. Huwley , the loading counsel or the utaU1 , and the Plnkerton de tectives for something on which to pour the lesser volume of abuse. State , Comeo In for Scoring. , The state of Idaho came In for a urge shaie of narrow's denunciation 'or the part It has played In the prose cution. Cultuie , education and wealth , each In turn , were described as constl- .tiling u comhliialion against the work- ngmun ; the uneducated and the pour must over bo protected. Durrow &uocrcd at thu universities. "And what IB a cultured man , " ho cried , "but a cruel tyrant always ? " Hcacblng the climax of denuncia tion , of sympathy fe > r the working class and hatrixl for the rich , ho as- Balled the constitution of the country , and cried : ' "Tho constitution ! The constitu tion ! It Is here only to destroy the laws made for the benefit of the poor. " Durrow'a support of labor unions uuf ( of union men was passionate and Lils eulogy of the Western Federation eloquent. Lovingly , ho touched on the beauty of self-sacrifice found In the "strugfjlo for humanity where only the worklngman Is found , " and In the bitterest sarcasm , his voice pitched in Its highest note and his arms upheld , be heaped abuse upon selfish rich and upon the administration of the state- of Idaho. Takes Rap at Supreme Court. Darrow told of the eight-hour law passed by the Colorado legislature in 18U9 and the light against that law by the owners of the mines and thu mclters. "They tex > k It to the supreme court , and , of course , that court declared it unconstitutional , " he exclaimed. "Of course , it IB unconstitutional to pass a law taking away from the Guggen- helms the right to take twelve hours' work out of the hide of the workingmen - men Instead of eight. What are con stitutions for except to be used for the rich and destroy laws made for the poor. Gold is stronger than the pen stronger than law. What are lawa for if the rich have to obey them ? "I am not hero to say to you men that labor organizations do no wrong. I know them too well for that. They have often done wrong ; the y have often been unjust and frequently cor rupt , but the labor organization has elwaya stood for the poor , for the weak , for humane laws and for human life and liberty. "Tho men struck in Colorado for the eight-hour day and they got it. Are you men of the Jury going to take It away from them ? Mr. Hawley asks you fo oejfroy the Western Federation of Miners by hanging Its lenders. Are you going to do It ? Doubtless they have done some brutal things some criminal things and _ some that were not wise pyrt faonio fhaT'wero not Just. Uut , aiimtitg all this , would you de- j.rpy the Western _ Federalloji of Min ers "and hand its 40,675 me7i "oTeT to ejeal single handed with the Mine Owners' association , with the Guggen- helms ? If you destroy the labor unions of tins country , you destroy liberty when you strike the blow , and will leave the poor to do the bidding of the rich. I toll you , men , that so long that the employers of labor have the spirit of Rockcfellcrlsm in their hearts there is going to be trouble , Hawley says the Western Federation of Miners has made trouble. It has , and I am glad of it , for when we cease to cause trouble we become slaves. "The troops were called Into Crip ple Creek because old man Stuart was beaten up. I'm sorry for the old man. but ho admits he was working eight hours a day living off the fruits of what the union had worked for , and was working when the union was not. If some Western Federation man had been beaten up , if they had all been Blugged and beaten , Governor Peabody would never have called out any trooos. " Tilt CONDITION OF THE WEATHER Temperature for Twenty-four Hours. Forecast for Nebraska. Conditions of the weather lui record ed for the twenty-four hours ending it 8 u. m. today : Maximum 87 Minimum V55 Average 7(5 ( llarometer 29.72 Haiti 10 Chicago , July 25. The bulletin Is- mii'd by the Chicago station of the United Stated weather bureau gives the forecast for Nebraska an follows : Kulr tonight and Friday. ELDER BRINGS SURVIVORS Qlnd Scenes and Sad Onoa Wltneaood at Portland Dock. Portland , Oie. , July 25. Hearlnu survivors * of the wiot'ked steamer Co lumbia , the Htuamur George W. I2lder iiimli. fast to her dock in this city at U o'clock lust night , Mourn before tliu big HU'itmor touched her dock Hum- tmitdtt ol peeiplo luul gathered to wul- come the fortmmto survivors of ftiu cutastrophu and rulatlveu and friends woie there to provo by night and touch the tmfe'ty ol ( heir loved om.'H. And theie we'ro those thorn who Impelled by u Html hope that by some miracle a father , n wife , u mm or a brother might have been overlooked In thu prepainllnn of the rosier of the saved. When the big bout made t'asl a great cheer arose and by what seemed mu tual consent , thu crowds divided , forming a line on either side of a narrow lane , through which the HUP vlvora walked aa they loft the vessel. They were nelzod IIH fast tin they ware recognised and smothered with hug and kisses. HAS HIS BEAMAVED OFF Iowa Farmer U Arrested and Haa to Bring Darbcr to Prove He's Himself. Clarion , la. , July 25. Spurned by his wife and daughter , turned from his home like a tramp and arrested by the town marshal , Stephen Muryhew is woiuk'tliig whether the Joke IH on him. Maryhew , who Is sixty years old , stepped Into a Imrher shop In Dews and had his long white beard nhnved oft' . He thought It would be u good Joke on his family. Ho came over to Clarion , where lila wife has been staying with a daugh ter , Mrs. Leo Stewart , and at the door asked for something to eat. They turned him down. He was persistent and his wife and daughter slammed the door in his face. Rlaryhow forced his way : n and , while his daughter was calling for the town marshal over the 'phone , the old boy sidled over to his wife , put his arm about her and gave her a gentle squeeze. That was the limit. His wlfo grabbed him and kicked him out. Ho had gained an entrance through an other door when the town marshal ap peared and arrested him. It took Mary- how the rest of the day , with the as sistance of the Dews barber , to provo ' his identity. MINERS' ' STRIKE IS SERIOUS Steel Corporation Expects to Fight Without Compromise. New York. July 25. The strike.ol the workmen in the ore mines In the Lake Superior fields is receiving the eerlouB attention of the officials of the United' States Steel corporation. Will iam } . Corey , the president , has the strike under his supervision and hit lieutenant , Themes Cole , president ol the Oliver Mining company , is on the lookout at Duluth and Two Harbors Announcement IB made that the cor- poratlon will stand out for what the officials consider common justice ID its flght with the Western Federation of Miners. It is stated that the program adopt ed is to flght without compromise what Is termed the small percentage of men in the ore fields , who ara members of the Western Federation The Western Steel corporation dooV not believe that the men have any grievance and point to the fact that only last January an hicreijse .cj wagee was voluntarily granfeef to the nie"n. The whole trouble has boon stirred up from the.outBlde . by professional organizers , accoTdlng to the steel erf- flcjalst who also say that less than 10 per cunt of the men became meiuj ers " " of the union. These" Turnover" , they say , have succeeded | n _ Intimldatins thoTest Tiy Tuarcliing through the iron country with red flags , burning prop erly and beating men who tried to reui-.ln at work. . " - i - tr > < * " LAhTHST STRIPPING OF COAL. Lehl. , . Valley Company Opens Up V. ' . t Is Record One In World. Han. : : > . Pa. , July 25. The Lo- high Vr.l . . Coal company has opened what is b luvod to be the' largest stripping i , , the world. It is located at LattiniCi .ind thu coal is a sold belt , 1,300 .ftt wide , thirty feet in thickness , an.i extends from Lattlmor to Drlfton , at least six miles. It la estimated that were the company to take out 500 tons t'aily is would re quire 250 years to exhaust the supply. Curry Summoned to' Oyster Bay. Roswell , N. M. , July 25. Captain Oeorgo D. Curry , wbo was to be inau gurated governor of New Mexico on \\if. 1 , received a telegram summon ing him cast for a conference with Iho president. He leaves today. All Inauguration plans have been changed.