HIM MtHV | | 15 J'.IOT ' ,
I
ROME TO PORTSMOUTH ROAMS
HER PATH THROUGH AGES.
VARIOUS TREATIES MARK WAY
There Was No Civil War Treaty Except -
cept the Word of Grant and Lee.
Why General Scott Was Angry After
the Conquest of Mexico.
General Grnnt won his
W1I1CN ho captured tlio
world's Imagination , but
when liu said , "Let there bo
pence , " he captured Its heart. Men love
tlie peacemaker. War may lire their
blood , but the ending of Htrlfe appeals
to tlielr better natures. So the poets
and prophets have dreamed of a xvar-
less age , and BO the Great Teacher has
been called the I'rlnce of 1'eace.
Wltli the ending of the war In the far
east IB the better day of perpetual
peace about to dawn ? Who can toll ?
Many have given volco to such a hope.
Itut other fond hearts have cherished
that faith when the world was younger.
Whatever the future may hold In
tore , we at leant can be glad In the
ending of Htrlfe now. Russia and Ja
pan have struck hands , and the nword
Is In Its sheath. That they met to renew -
new their friendship on American soil
Is one more mark set In the book of
good deeds to the credit of the great
republic.
Peace ! May It last long ! Under It
may the world go forward to renewed
triumphs of progress , enlightenment
and brotherhood. A new era has open
ed In the orient. May the rising sun of
Nippon be prophetic , the veritable sym-
bgl of a sunrise over nil the far east
' Nor should Kussln be forgotten. A
step toward constitutional government
has been taken In the land of the czar.
M. Wltte halls It as the greatest event
.111 Itusslnn history. His eyes have a
long vision. 1'erhaps he Is right.
The actual signing of the treaty of
Portsmouth for so it will be known-
recalls other like happy events in other
'days. The fact that the ending of
bloodshed has always been hailed with
.acclaim shows that the world's heart
Is right. Perhaps some day Us head
may be as right as Us heart.
Peace treaties of the present nge are
an outgrowth of the amenities of mod
ern warfare. In the ancient days the
negotiation of a treaty was a "stand
and deliver" affair. Take , for example ,
the one made by Julius Caesar at the
close of his eiglit years' campaign In
Gaul , as told by himself In his famous
"Commentaries. " lie admits trankly
that he took everything that was mov
able and carried It Into Italy , leaving
peace behind him , but little else.
Treaty of Westphalia.
One of the most Important of old
time peace treaties was that of West
phalia , concluded Oct. 24 , 1018. It
ended the Thirty Years' war , In which
Gustavus Adolphus fought so valiant-
ly. 'iius long auu moony coiimci nun
Its beginning hi a religious controver-
py. The Protestants had begun to as
sert themselves and had seized church
lands and converted them to their own
purposes. Ferdinand of Austria wa *
a faithful son of the church and also
a shrexvd political schemer. lie coax
ed Spain to become his partner In a
campaign to subjugate the small Ger
man states and restore the old religion.
The trouble spread like a conflagration ,
and all Europe was soon Involved In It.
Finally the emperor was beaten at his
oxvn game and xvas driven to sign the
treaty of Westphalia. This document
I / . Is the basis of the map of modern En-
* 9 NM rope. It recognized the Independence
Then It wan tlmt William of Orange
formed the great alliance between
England , Spain , Holland and Germa
ny and forced the French king to sl u
the peace of llyswlck.
American Independence ,
When England was forced to ac
knowledge to herself and to the world
that Bhe could never rceontiuiT her re
bellious American colonies negotiations
were opened reluctantly and with ex
ceedingly bad grace for concluding n
treaty of peace. Paris was chosen as
the place of conference. There were
so many and such serious differences
at the early meetings of ( lie commis
sioners that progress was very slow ,
and adjournments were frequent.
There were no cables or steamships In
those days , and It took a good deal of
time to send home for Instructions.
On Nov. 18 , 178'J , the protocol was
signed. "We hope the tenmi we have
obtained will be satisfactory , though
to secure our main points we may have
yielded too much In favor of the roy
alists , " wrote Franklin to Livingston.
It soon became evident , however , tlmt
the king and his ministers did not see
the matter In that light. They were
disposed to believe that the American
commissioners had not yielded enough.
It was not until Aug. ( ! of the follow
ing year that King George could make
up his mind to ratify the treaty. A
dcllnlte treaty was signed at Purls , and
on Jan. 4 , 1784 , It was confirmed by
the American congress. So Blow were
the means of communication and BO
deliberate was his llrltannlc majesty
In alllxlng his signature that It did not
become effective until April J ) .
The treaty of Ghent , although It took
four months and a half for negotiation ,
was a strictly business affair. The doc
ument Itself Is brief and to the point.
It defines the boundary line between
Canada and the United States with
great minuteness and also states the
American position on the right of pa
per search , paper blockades and the
New Mexico
The Crimean war was brought to a
close by the treaty of Paris of 185(1. (
The powers had long been at the point
of rupture , but It wan Russian greed
tlmt precipitated the conflict1. The e/.ar
seized Home of the minor provlneoH ,
and It took about a year to eonvlneo
him that he had exceeded bin right.
During that period occurred the dt's-
perate battles of Inkcrman and Mala-
klava. The treaty that followed made
the Black sea neutral to all commerce ,
but eloped to ships of war. It also shut
out all vessels of war from the Dar
danelles.
The American civil war had n pe
culiar finish. There was never any |
peace treaty , hut the war ended with
the surrender of General Lee at Appomattox - !
mattox Courthouse. Lee offered to |
treat for peace after the usual method , |
but Grant declined on the ground of <
lack of authority. The leaders met < n
the little parlor of a farmhouse and
talked It all over. Grant demanded '
that U'e's men should lay down thiilr
arms , upon which they would bi > grant- j
ctl parole. The gallant Virginian ac
cepted , and that In elfcct was all the
peace treaty that has ever existed be- |
tweeu the Federal government and Ihu '
Confederacy.
In the peace treaty that concluded
the Franco-Prussian war Germany
drove a hard bargain. The kaiser's
army was Intrenched just outside of
Paris when the preliminaries were
signed. After the capture of the gay ,
capital Kmperor William added to tliu
original demand an Indemnity of $1-
200,000,000. M. Tillers succeeded In
having this stupendous sum reduced
to $1,000.000.000. Most galling of all |
was the conversion of the long disput
ed Alsace and Lorraine into German
prox luces.
The latest war betxveen Russia and
Turko.x , that of 1877 , xvas ended by the
preliminary peace of San Stefnno , fol
lowed by the treaty of Merlin. It lias
never been dllllcult for a Christian im-
BAItuN KOMI It \ MIN1STEU TAKAH1UA.
right of expatriation. These doctrines
have since become recognized princi
ples of International law.
During the decade and a half be
tween 1800 and 181t > Napoleon con-
queied and lost most of the European
continent. His banishment to St. Hel
ena was followed by the peace con
gress In Vienna , which was in so'iie re >
spects the most Important treat ( meetIng -
Ing ever held. It was practically 11
meeting of dictators to arrange the
map of Europe as best suited them
Eight powers were represented Great
Britain , Russia , Austria , Prussia
France , Spain , Portugal and Sxveden
The most brilliant diplomats of Kurort
xvcro In attendance , and there was i
of Holland and Switzerland and e1 tab-
llshed the religious equality of Cath
olics , Lutherans and Calvlnists.
Another long Kuropeau quarrel xvas
ended by the peace of llyswlck. What
ever else may be said of Louis XIV. of
Franco It Is certain that he had no
especial preference for n quiet life. In
bis day ho managed to come to blows
with almost every power In Europe ,
and frequently he had several of thorn
on hand at the same time. First ho
Invaded Flanders. England , Holland
and Sweden combined and forced him
to sign the peace of Alx la Clmpello.
He then Invaded Holland. That war
lasted about five years and ended with
the treaty of Nlmeguen after the Dutch
opened the water gates and let In the
German ocean. Again tiring of Inac
tivity , Louis began the war of the
Palatinate , which lasted eleven years ,
v.
tremendous sharpening of wits. The
' grand powwow xvas In progress for
more than a year , and xvhlle It xvas In
session Napoleon escaped. There xvas
n biavo scattenngIu.i t.ie nexvs xvas
made public. Kadi man ot xxords made
Uaste to got miner cover and diplomacy
languished. After Waterloo , hoxvever ,
the way xxns clear. The peace Uiat xvas
made lasted for forty years.
i General Scott Was Angry.
After General Scott had won the xvar
with Mexico , President Polk sent Nich
olas Trlst , chief clerk of the state de
partment , to that country to negotiate
u treaty of peace. General Scott re
pented the president action , and he
was so outspoken In his wrath that
Trlst xvas olllclally recalled , but re
mained to complete his work. A treaty
of peace was made and signed at Cua-
dalupe Hidalgo. By the terms of this
convention Mexico lost California and
tlon to find a pretext for beginning a
quarrel with the Turk , and the czar's
excuse was the massacre of the Chris
tians In Ltulgarla by the bashl tmzotiks.
As It xvas evident that Turkey xvas
likely to get the most thorough drub
bing she had ever received , the poxvors
Interfered and Insisted upon a treaty.
The sultan xvas a tremendous loser , hut
the Turk still remained In power sulll-
clent to "preserve the peace of liu-
rope. "
When Japan Whipped China.
One of the most Important police
treaties negotiated In modern times
xvas that of Slmouosekl , betxveen China
and Japan. It Is especially notexvorthy
) im > mik < > ItVJIM thi fli-Ht nptirit troiilv
betxveen oriental nations conducted
after the Caucasian fashion. It Is In
teresting to Americans because John
W. Foster , once the head of the Ameri
can department of state , xvas one of
the representatives of China. By Its
terms Japan received an Indemnity of
$ L00,000,000 ! and acquired the rich Is
land of Formosa ,
The Spanish-American xvar treaty ,
signed and ratified In ISO ! ) , xvas the
latest addition to the collection of such
documents on file In the library of the
state department. On July 20 , 1803 ,
Spain made overtures for peuco
through the French ambassador at
Washington. When the proceedings
opened It xvas evident that the Spanish
commissioners had come to Paris de
termined to obtain whatever advan
tage the dilatory tactics of peninsular
diplomacy could bring about. It xvas
also patent to the American members
of the commission that the other side
htid no Intention of adhering to the
terms of the protocol If by any means
they could be avoided. The firm stand
assumed by the Americans at the out
set and maintained throughout the dis
cussions gave the dons little opportu
nity to exercise their peculiar typo of
diplomacy.
The treaty of Portsmouth ends the
long list at least for the present , pos
sibly forever. J. A. EDOHUTON.
Letter List.
List of letters remaining uncalled
for at the postofTlco at Norfolk , Nob. ,
Sept. 12 , 1905 :
II. W. Bradley , H. Barton. Mrs. T ,
H. Cummlngs , Miss Gladys Flnche , J ,
O. Goodwin , F. S. Jay 2 , Mrs. Fannie
E. Krahl , Mr. J. II. Lyons. Mrs. Jon
nlo Loron. II. M. Lawrence. Mrs. K ,
Uoblbon , Miss Mngglo Thomson , Mrs ,
P. H. Thomas , J. V. Kcrby.
If not called for In fifteen days will
be sent to the dead letter ofllce.
Parties calling for any of the above
please Bay "advertised. "
John R. Hays , P. M.
Try Nexvi wfcut mil * .
TWO WEEKS MORE WILL PUT
CORN OUT OF DANGER.
WILL DE A VERY HEAVY CROP
Some Corn Is Already Immune From
Effects of n Kllllno Frost and There
Is Every Prospect ( or nn Excellent
Crop All Over the Stnte.
Lincoln. Neb. , Snpt. 12.-The last
crop bulletin nf the season to ho Is
sued by the NeliniHliii district of the
weather bureiin , canm today. The
bulletin follows :
The past xveek XVIIH cool xvlth iiuixl
mum tcmporatunm quite generally below -
low SO degrees most of the xvcok. The
minimum temperatures , hnwexer , xvero
not loxv for the season , and the dally
mean temperature averaged 2 degrees
below normal In eastern counties and
1 degree above Inveslern. .
The rainfall of the past xveek xvas
above the normal In most purls of
the state. It exceeded 2 Inches In
most of the southern counties and In
sonio places exceeded ! 1 Inches In
northern counties the rainfall xvas gen
erally less than 1 Inch and In some
places lass than one-half Inch
The heavy rains and cloudy , moist
xveathor the first part of the xvock delayed
layed haying and thrashing Some
hay xvas damaged and In n fexv places
grain In stack xvas Injured by rain
Ilnylug Is nearly finished , x\lth an excellent
cellont crop secured. The soil Is In
excellent condition for seeding and a
little xvlieat has been sown. Corn has
advanced nicely toxvard maturity but
not as rapidly as during the preceding
xvwk. Considerable corn Is now be
yond danger of Injury bv frost , and Im
munity for txvo weeks of good xveather
xvlll ripen all but the very lain corn
There Is every piospect for a very
heavy crop.
WILL BE MUCH WINTER WHEAT
Northern Nebraska Is Sowing This
Grain Corn Nearly Ripe.
Lincoln. Neb. , Sept. 1. " , The Una )
crop bulletin by sections xvas Issued
today as folloxvs :
Thrashing and haying xvas retarded
by the rain of the llrst days of the
week In the central and southern coun
ties of the section , xvhllo In the north
ern counties the rain xvas light and
the delay xvas slight. Corn has ma
tured nut her sloxvly but most of the
crop xvlll be out of danger of damage
by frost In ten days to txvo xveeks
Considerable ) xvheat has been soxvn and
the indications are for an unusually
largo acreage of winter xvheat In Ibis
part of thn state. The soil xx-as In
good condition for ploxvlng and need
Ing after the rain.
Central section. Haying and thrash
ing am xvoll advanced hut the xvork
xvas delayed some this week by rain.
Soil is now In better condition and fall
plowing is in progress In most coun
ties , but In some places the soil Is
getting too dry for good xvork. Some
xvhoat has boon sown. Corn has ma
tured rather sloxvly but nearly half of
the crop Is noxv beyond damage by
frost.
frost.Western
Western and northxvostorn sections.
Corn has matured rapidly and xvas
not materially damaged by the light
frost of the preceding week. A very
largo crop of hay Is being secured.
Seine hay xvas damaged by rain. Hay
ing Is nearly completed. Hanges con
tinue In good condition
BLOODY CHICAGO.
In Six Months the City's Streets Were
Like a Bloody Battlefield.
Chicago's streets xvero like a "bloody
battlefield" during the first six months
of the year , according to the figures
of City Statistician Hugo Grosser.
The killed and Injured equaled the
casualties of some of the battles of
the Husslan-Japanese , he declares.
Statistics for the six months ending
with June shoxvs that C43 persons In
Chicago met unnatura ) deaths and
1,093 xvero Injured. Accidents caused
the death of 352 persons and Injury
of 3,710 , the casualties being more
than six times the number for the cor
responding period last year , when the
killed numbered 93 and the Injured
553.
Eighty-one persons met death and
995 xvero Injured through personal vi
olence. This Is nn Increase of CO per
cent , over last year's figures.
Mr. Grosser attributes the enor
mous Increase of casualties from per
sonal violence to the strike.
The total value of property reported
stolen during the first six months of
1905 was $24'f,290 , and that of stolen
property recovered , $85,003.
PAIR OF RUNAWAYS.
One Wagon Is Demolished But Nobody
Was Hurt.
A pair of runaxvays near the Creigh-
ton depot shortly after noon today de
molished one buggy and created con
siderable excitement. The team xvhich
started things came from near Pa.se-
xvalk's park. They ran Into the xvagon
of a horse hitched near the depot.
This horse then started out on n dash
and the xvagon caino apart. No one
xvas In either vehicle and nobody xvaa
hurt.
MURDERER GETS TWELVE YEARS
Haddlx , the Broken Bow Murderer , Is
Sentenced.
Broken Bow , Neb. , Sept. 13. Mur
derer Hnddlx has been sentenced to
txvolvo years. A motion for iiexv trial
was overruled.
iRONMaUNTAIN
ROUTE
HAS TERRITORY ALONG ITS LINES WHICH OFFER
RARE OPPORTUN SMS
FOR THE INVESTOR AND HOMESEEKER.
THE RAILROAD THAT CAMHICS YOU THMOUOH THE HEART OF
ARKANSAS AND LOUISIANA ,
THE TWO GREAT AGRICULTURAL AND TIMBER STATES , WHERE
THE SOIL IS RICH , DEEP AND PRODUCTIVE.
PRICES REASONABLE.
LOW SETTLERS' RATES.
ron ruiL inronMATioN AND DESCRIPTIVE mtMATunc , ADoncaa
II. C. TOWNSEND. General Passcnoer anil Ticket fluent. - ST. LOUIS , MO.
Cuba Florida
New Orleans
Tourist lickolsnow on sale to the resorts of the
touth and southeast at groutly reduced rutos. hiboral
ssopovers allowed. The
CENTRAL
ISSISSIPPEXCVALLEY
flOUTE
With its handsomely equipped trains olTor.s'foxeoptioial )
facilities for reaching the Sunny South. *
For paiiiculais and copy of illuslrated booklets ,
giving detailed information aboutk'uba ( , Florida and
New Orleans , write
W. II. MIMUj ,
D.I' . A. 111. Cent. | { . 1 { . Omaha , Nob.
TO
CHICAGO
AND THE
EAST
Without Change _ of Cars
UNION PACIFIC R , R ,
AND
Chicago , Milwaukee & St. Paul Ry-
For Tiine Tables and Special Hates see Union Pacific Agent , or write
>
F. A. NASH. Omaha , Neb.
1524 Farnham St.
11 FOLLOW THE FLAG
EXCURSIONS SOUTH
"DAILA
If you are thinking of a
trip
SOUTH
SOUTHEAST
EAST
write n ml let us toll you best rates , time , route and
send marked time tables.
This saves you worry , annoyance and makes you
feel at home all the way.
Call Wabash City Oflice , 1001 Kamam St. , or ad
dress
HARRY E. MOORES ,
( ! . A. 1' . 1) ) . Wabash R. 11 ,
Omaha , Nobi.
. .TRY THE. .
Daily News Job Department
