11
2 THE NORFOLK NEWS : F1UDAY , JULY LM , 100 : } .
Qvnunny. Tlio ixwrrs which In former
centuries most vigorously miBtalnod the
twin ) luivo either declined , like Bimin uiul
Portugal and Austria , or have been rove/-
lutlontroil from within , llko Franco ami
Italy. Uut tlio imiwcy , oven In remote
periods , hns frequently Iwon cwpouRod Iti
times of need by the ultra 1'rotwtant
| x > \v ra. When Louis XIV wan nttcmfit-
Ing to reduce the world to ono kingdom ,
the I > OJH > became an ally of England nnd
Holland and influenced nonio reactionary
powers to como to the general asuifltanco
of civilization and freedom.
Above all other IHIIK-B , and nomuwhat
beyoml his own record in curlier life ,
Leo X11I has been n liberal politician.
Ho has hailed the future rnthcr than de
plored the loss of the jwist. Ho linn been
ono of the captains in the movement for
universal education and haa striven to
niako education and morals confldo in
each other. Not a single scandal from
Homo in his papacy hiw Ixxm conveyed
to the world. A certain worldly Talloy-
randiah flavor which went forth in the
time of his predeccsuor from Antonolli ,
a very nblo inun , haa not been revived in
Leo's day. Ho hna shown a friendly dis
position to the world nnd could himself
toke place In almost any lunrnod faculty
or congress mid hold his own in general
Icno'wledtfo with nciontlsts , bcllco-lottrea.
men nnd doctors.
What was he ?
Elected pojH5 in February , 1878 , ho was
then almost (18 ( yearn of age , nnd ho hnd
been for H'J years the archbishop of ono
quictuty , Perugia , which once belonged
to the papal states , but stood high among
the old Italian republics or feudalities
for its paintorB nnd men of gifts. This
region , generally culled Umbriii , pro
duced the highest triumphs of art in
llaphnel. In Perugia and it * province
the arch bishop was as distinctly the fore
most citizen or subject as the Into Phil
lips Hrooks undoubtedly was in Hoston
or Henry Ward Beecher in Brooklyn.
Ho was lxmi at n mountain town in
the Apennines , not far from Homo , called
Carpinoti , on March 2 , 1810. To this little -
tlo place of about 5,000 people his an
cestors had been expelled from Siena
nbout MO years ago. They were nobles
in Siena , but had taken part against their
countrymen when tlio Medici of Florence
resolved to conquer and annex Siona.
This independent republic , inspired with
passionate hatred against Florence , made
n nuvtnorablo defense , but the odds wore
too strong.
Retiring into the states of the church
the popo'n family , named Pecci ( pro
nounced Pechi ) , formed now friendships ,
nnd the pope's father was n count who
cither volunteered or was drafted into
Napoleon's service when ho overran Italy.
The j > oi > o's mother wna a countess , who
brought property to her husband.
They lived in what is called n palace
In Italy , a largo building rising from the
rocks , two stories and an attio high ,
with flowers mid { orraces about its
base. Tlio Italians , oven those of high
rank , are generally frugal nnd live upon
email incomes.- appears that the pope
during all his life has known no want ,
but has enjoyed n private revenue mich
as a gentleman of noble descent would
bo apt to have in any country who had
kept his estates.
Ho was born after the French repub
licans had overrun Itnly mid boon every
where victorious , nnd the greatest
change had taken place not only in the
Italian people , but even in the priest
hood. Most of the revolutions in what
are railed the Latin countries are abet
ted by a certain proportion of the priests ,
for men do not lose their political pas
sions necessarily by belonging to this
church or that. The most implacable
opponents the pope has had as a bishop
nnd incidental civio ruler have been rev
olutionary priests , and against these ho
hns more than once spoken in reproof.
The ablest author in Europe nnd the
most indefatigable writer at the close of
the last century was Voltaire. His fre
quent books , written with great wit nnd
pith , were translated nnd universally
circulated through Italy when the pope
was a child. In this papacy a Voltaire
jubilee has been held in Rome.
The pope himself , Pius VII , had been
taken captive from Rome to Franco and
was only returned to Rome at the fall of
Napoleon in 18.H. IIo restored the Jesu
its , who were the secular schoolmasters
within the church , but they had fallen
under the hostility of several of the
kings and been for some time suppressed.
Upon their return they opened schools
and gave the city of Homo something of
its old clerical nnd literary character.
In 1817 the Intopope's mother took her
BOIIS to Rome nnd the next year put
them nt school at Viterbo , a city on n
hill but a few hours' cnrringo ride from
Rome. This lady belonged to ono of the
orders of the Franciscans nnd when she
died was buried in their brown clonk nnd
cord. Her death was nearly nt the same
time with thnt of Pius VII.
The next pope , Leo XII , branched out
as an educator. The Jesuits' college was
opened in Rome in 1824 with 1,400 shv
dents , and among these were the two
Pecci boys , of whom Joseph was
Jesuit. IIo was three years older than
his brother. These boys wont homo to
their mountain town on holidays , and
the pope was an nctivo hunter and fowler
in the mountains. Rouio was to them
like any American city to a family whicl :
lived in the neighboring country and
epent the winters in the city.
The name of the pope was Joachim
Vincent Raphael Lodovico Pecci. IIo
always went by the name of Vincent
Pecci until nt a certain period nftor his
mother's death , when ho became gen
erally known as Joachim Pecci.
Ho became fluent in the Latin ani
wrote verses and orations in it nnd
gained prizes. After his mother's death
bo lived with liis uncle in thoMuti palace
In Rome. Ho somewhat Imow Pope Leo
XH and chose his papal name with reference
enco to that prelnto.
Ho matriculated in 1830 , graduated n
doctor of theology in 1832 , which waj
the time that ho adopted the name o :
Joachim , and ho entered the diplomatii
class in the university called Snpienza
or "Wisdom , in Rome. Among his friends
and classmates werasuch nobles as Duk
Sforza of the old Milan lords.
Ho was acquainted with Leo , as well
an with 1'ins VIII , who lived but a short
time , and th"n came ( In-gory XVI , in
whose household ho was ono of the prel
ates.
ates.Ho
Ho first attracted npeclal attention dur
ing thu cholera In Rome in 1807 , when ho
was 27 years old. Ho had nerve In an
unusual degree , and bin intrepid services
iimongthocholera stricken ] > eoplo marked
ilm among the more timid ecclesiastics
an a man who could IHJ of use to them in
the dangerous condition of the country ,
The stated of the church indeed were
then in a dreadful condition. After the
fall of NaMlcon | ) , when the nature of
the long war hml demoralized nobles as
well as peasants , a system of Vrigandngo
overran the states of the church. As tlio
IK ) | > O had no extensive army refugees
came into his territories from Naples
and the other adjoining states and were
often employed in the mountain castles
by the predatory nobles for the purposes
of violence or revenge. Some of the
nest terrible of them persons had atone
time l > eon clericals.
Made a full priest in tlio Church of St.
Stanislaus in Ilomo , Joachim Pecci was
made at the ago of 28 governor of Beno-
vento , a Piniill utato in Naples about
oven miloa square and only a day'a jour
ney from that city. Bonovcnto had
given tfu title of Prince of Buiovcnto
; o Talleyrand , the celebrated French
diplomatist , who in his early lifo hnd
been a Catholic bishop.
The little state wa full of reactionary
iorrillofl and brigands. The young ruler
.vent . there under the general ex ] > eota-
ion that ho would bo the victim of vic-
enco. Fortunately for him , lie wan al
most immediately tnkcn ill with tlio
.yphoid fever , and his death was Rup-
losed to bo certain. Tills calamity Bof t-
cnod the nature of the ] > eople , and they
> egan to talk about this intellectual
young priest who hml uxi > oscd his lifo
n Homo to the iwstilcnco. Instead of
antagonizing him they formed proces-
iions and went to public prayers in liis
behalf , and when ho recovered it was
. .oolcotlipon OH in the nature of n miracle.
They were mistaken , however , as to
! iifl worldly force.
There lived in a mountain fastness in
the state a celebrated brigand named
Pasqualo Colletta , who hnd a Iwmd of 14
nurderers , and they hivd committed ev
ery species of offenso. The priest gov
ernor laid hi plans well , and ono day
the people vcro surprise * ' to wo como
.nto the town , manacled and under
guard , the chief of the baud and every
one of his myrmidons. In spite of their
threats , premises and penitence they
ivcro 63ccutfiil.
Pecci now turned his attention to the
awless nobles who had countenanced
such trespasses , and when ono of thcso
undertook to browbeat him and threat
ened to go to Rome and hnvo him re-
ailed the governor said , "Marquis , be-
OP ST. nrrr.n's.
fore you got to the Vatican you shall pass
through the cnstlo of St. Angclo. " This
was the state prison at Rome , and its
name was ominous.
A feeling grow that this young man
hnd special powers with the pope. Evil-
iloers hastened to got out of his territory
or make their peace.
IIo Rearchcvl the lawless castles , began
to build good roads , examined and low
ered the taxes , made the collection of
the revenue effective , nnd thus spent
nearly three years making an orderly
state out of n most disorderly ono.
Pope Gregory now recalled him to
Rome nnd appointed him governor of
Perugia , where ho will always bo remem
bered as ono of the wisest men who ever
took charge of her fortunes. This city
stands near Assisi , where is the monas
tery founded by St. Francis. It was full
of Mazzini's revolutionary societies.
The object the papal authorities hnd
was the suppression of these plotting
spirits by Pecci , but ho commenced in a
different way.
Finding that the city was on a high
inoxind or cone above a plain or marsh and
hnd a road to it BO steep thnt no vehicle
could climb it without the aid of many
yokes of oxen , the now governor Bet to
work and in 20 days built a graded road
up the height , over which in n little
while rode the pope , much to his wonder
and satisfaction.
The pope was so delighted with his
young engineer governor , then aged 31 ,
that lie said ns ho left n number of pres
ents to bo distributed , "I will remember
you , my friend , when I get to Rome "
In the meantime Pecci founded a sav
ings bank in Perugia and himself sub
scribed largely to the stock and began
to set up excellent schools. The people
felt that a friend and not nn enemy hnd
como among them.
Just as ho had accomplished remark
able things in that city the pope resolved
to scud him as nuncio , otherwise minis
ter , to Belgium , which had not long before -
fore been separated from Holland by a
revolution and created into a now inon
nrchy. Belgium had only been frei
from Holland nbout 13 years. The peopl
wore Cntholics , while those of Holland
had been Protestants. Other than clmrcl
differences existed between them. Tin
Dutch were unimaginative and penuriou
and hard taskmasters. The Belgians hnd
an antiquity of turbulent freedom nnd
loved the arts and joys.
At 83 Archbishop Pecci , as lie now
was , appeared in Brussels accredited t
King Leopold , who was the uncle of th
royal family of England. An interest
ing account of his gentle yof democratic
ntercourHo Is to bo found in the "Life of
Charles Lever , " the novelist , vho nt that
imo lived in Brussels and was writing
Rome of his novels. Ho and the future
, KH ) became warm friends. So did the
king nnd queen tnko most cordially to
the nuncio ,
He busied himself mainly in rearing
up the Catholio schools and universities
of Belgium , which had gene into a de
cline. His acuteness on jwHtlcal affairs
van Riich that Leoj > old ono day Bald to
lim , "You are an clover a j > olilician as
you are a bright churchman. "
Always moderate and always learning ,
Archbishop Pecci was also nctivo for bin
church and raised money in Belgium to
found a college in Rome to educate the
irieats of that country.
Before ho returned to Rome in 1840 ho
visited Louden with letters to Victoria
and Allwrt and waa by them well en-
.crtnined , and lie mingled among the
> cflt people in England and took close
obscrviitions upon the country. This
jwciea of intercourse no doubt broadened
lis mind and made him see that tlio
: nodem world could not bo reduced to
.ho haggard outlines of Italy.
From London ho went to Franco and
paid a visit to Louis Philippe , who waa
Innge.rptiBly. near hi-ifilJli
When ho got to Jlomo Pope , Gregory
tfna dying.
Pecci waa well acquainted with Canfi-
al Ferntti , who ROOII liecatno Pius IX ,
ml that po ] > o made him archbishop of
'erngia ' at the ago of ! )0. ) Nearly at the
same time the now poixj granted a gen-
irol amnesty for iwlitical offenses and
as for a time regarded as a man of lib-
iral intentions.
It was fortunate for Archbishop Pecci
hat ho could retire to a distance from
Rome in the mountains toward Tuscany
uul exercise his prerogatives without bo-
lomlng involved in the rising political
lassions at the Eternal City , where very
eon Mnzzini , Gnribaldi nnd others rev
olutionized Rsmo and formed a trium
virate of dictators and had to stand a
lego by the French , at the close of which
.ho i > opo wan so heartily frightened thnt
no revoked his liberal dispositions.
Retired to a city of about 00,000 pee
le , the archbishop of Perugia , us has
been said , lived there U2 years , or down
, o the year 1873 , IIo was a universal
render , nnd among the wise saints in the
Catholic ago ho chose St. Charles Borro-
: nco as a man t mitato , the giver of his
riches to alms and education. Ho there
upon gave his mind to the study of edu
cation \u \ Perugia.
He made up his mind in the first place
to educate his clergy thoroughly nnd to
BOO thnt their habits were industrious
and pure. Next ho set upon the educa
tion of the upper classes , many of whom
were contemptibly illiterate. Finally
: io came down to the children nnd oven
; > nid some attention to femnlo education.
At ono time the revolutionary ele
ments in Porugia arose , nnd a conflict
ook place between them nnd the papal
troops , who were of all nations , Swirs ,
German , Irish , nnd oven American , and
the populnco was worsted.
Tlio archbishop surrounded himself
with friends of like tastes with his own.
'avorablo to education nnd sincerely de
sirous of peeing morals made voluntary.
Ho had been received in the city , when
"
10 returned there the second time , with a
nngniflccnt demonstration. As the ruler ,
both ecclesiastic nnd civil , ho inhabited
the pnlnco upon the public square ,
which hnd on ono fiido of it the city hall
and on the other the cathedral. Among
the friends ho took to his hcnrt ui this
place was IVIjr. ( Satolli , the recent legate
of the pope in America.
In 1834 ho was mndo n cardinal , and
this entitled him to tnko pnrt in the se-
"ection of future popes.
Glancing back for a moment nt these
dates , wo will see thnt the pope was boi.i
in the year nfter Gladstone ; that ho be
cnmo n full priest near the close of Gen
eral Jackson's administration , nnd that
ho becnmo archbishop of Perugia nt tlio
time of our Mexican war.
His liabits did not differ at any timo.
Ho wns rcmnrknbly laborious , of n spare
frame , with a high , capacious forehend , a
Inrgo mouth , n full , long nnd expressive
nose , nnd nn expression of thorough re
finement , purity and ncuteness.
Being a nobleman of the best class of
Italian descent and of a nation iinmo-
morially ardent for knowledge and lov
ing the arts , ho was also destitute of
sourness nnd had convictions without being -
ing opinionated.
None could impeach his private life.
Ho was over accessible to bis priests and
to these people who required him as a
spiritual friend , but ho also had high
spirit , and when browbeaten disclosed
something like a military power witliin ,
and ho could use indignant words. Ho
was too worldly wise to bo cheated , too
discreet to commit himself in cither
word or deed , except as his judgment
and conscience were touched , and after
the Italians in I860 overran his state they
found that ho was a difficult man to
handle , in thnt ho kept on the sulo of in
telligent public opinion.
In short , ho wns n pope in spirit , rep
resenting the antiquity and authority of
the church long before it was probable
that ho would fill the pontifical chair.
Ho rose to this distinction at Inst by hav
ing deserved it.
Though it is probable that ho was not
unmindful of the honor and influence of
that great ofllco , ho know too well that
to reach it in this dangerous ngoho must
deserve it by a coinbinntion of character ,
of courage nnd of wisdom.
In 1860 the French troops were with
drawn from Rome , and tlio pope was left
to such an army ns ho could himself cre
ate. The Italians , however , six years pre
viously liad overrun Sicily and Naples
annexed Tuscany and other states , ani
finally Venice , and were determined to
occupy the papal states.
At tbia time Cardinal Pecci addressed
the priests in words which should
common to all churches , saying :
"Tho moral conduct of the priests is
the mirror into which the people look to
find a model for their own demeanor ,
Every shadow , every stain , is remarked
by the vulgar eye , and the mere shadow
is enough to make the people lose their
esteem of priestly worth. It is impossi
ble that a priest who lays himself open
to such reproaches or Ruspicionswholia
the name of being self indulgent , inter-
sted nnd of Irregular living , should give
'orth that fragrance of a pure lifo , that
sweet olor of Christ , which witnesses to
our worth and to our doctrine. The two
greit means which the Divine Master de
clares to bo indisKiisablo ] ! in our high
ministry are fioliiiaa mid kiiowlftlye , "
In 1809 ho riailo an effort with the king of
Italy to rescue poor clerical students from
.ho military conscription. "Thoburden
of military service , " ho said , "must in
evitably fall on all young men who
mvo devoted themselves to the clerical
career. Wo are deeply saddened by this ;
wo are frightened by the thought thntpo
many parishes will ask us for pastors
while we shall Imvo none to give them ;
lint so ninny pious populations will ask
for the food of Christian Instruction nnd
ho comfort of the sacraments , nnd thnt
no ono will be found to minister to them ,
md that , such a state of things continu
ing , there is nothing to prevent religion
'roin dying out in these country places
'or the very look of bonds tocultivoto it. "
Tlio government now sequestrated
icarly all ecclesiastical property , seizing
ijxju the residences of the bishops and
ho church revenues and making exccp-
ions where it Bnw fit.
At ono time bloodshed was threatened
n Perugia , when tlio archbishop came
upon the scene and by his courageous
and calm int < ; ri > osition prevented a con
flict. Ho pardoned all the malcontents
who had lx n put down in 1859. When
the Swiss garrison of Perugia undertook
; ii 1800 to resist the Sardinians , the car
dinal in vain attempted to prevent a bat-
, lo. IIo was unable to prevent the exe
cution of one of his officials , who was
ihot by a court martial for having borne
anus.
Soon civil marriage was commanded ,
with penalties to parish priests for in-
In 1803 ho was sued because
10 had admonished eomo of his priests
who hml miliscribod a cordial address to
n republican priest leader.
Ho issued nn nddreps against modern
spiritualism , saying that "religion nnd
morality must condemn the use of these
mysterious agencies , whatever truth
night bo in them , by unprincipled , irre
ligious and interested persons. "
Jfl
ENTRANCE TO THE VATICAN.
A pastoral letter that ho wrote on the
temporal dominion of the popes , de
fending their right to their territories ,
called special attention to him ns ono of
the champions of the church :
"Let us say nothing of the august
right consecrated by 11 centuries of
possession , of the most ancient nnd ven
erated of European monarchies. If such
rights are not sufficient to insure respect ,
then there in no kingdom , no empire , in
Europe which may not bo destroyed.
It is false that any Catholic holds the
iwral dfyiiinion to be a dogma of
his faith. Such an assertion can orily
have come from the ignorance or the
wickedness of the enemies of the church.
But it is most true nnd must bo evident
to any intelligent mind that there is n
very close connection between this tem
poral power and the spiritual primacy. "
In 1801 the Italian minister of worship
demanded that the clergy renounce their
allegiance to Pius IX , when Cardinal
Pecci wrote n joint letter to the pope
standing by him.
Ho protested ngainst the confiscation
of the mountain monasteries , which
would yield no revenue to the king and
turn into the world a parcel of helpless
ecclesiastics.
When bo was inado cardinal , the prince
imperial of Germany was present among
many distinguished strangers , nnd when
ho cnmo back to Perugia all the people
turned out to congratulate him. Espe
cially did the Umbrian academy receive
him with n literary entertainment. Ho
gave n splendid feast , nnd the city wna
illuniinntcd.
When his silver jubilee came nround
in 1871 and the pope sent his congratula
tions , the Italian military authorities
stood back , really liking the cardinal.
In 1877 the pope held liis fiftieth anni
versary or jubilee ns a bishop.
The Italian parliament , fitting in
Rome , brought in n clerical abuses bill ,
but Pius IX fulminated ngainst it and
the government.
Tlio pope now made Cardinal Pecci
camorlingo , or viceroy of Rome when
the pope Bhould bo nbsent , and this of
course rnised the highest expectations ns
to his future promotion , for ho had but
ono step moro to go.
Pope Pius IX died Jan. 7,1878 , and
the next day King Victor Emmanuel
died in the Quirinal palace in Rome.
In some ports of the world it was ad
vocated that a now pope should not be
allowed to bo elected. Cardinal Pecc
altered the old habit of having the pope's
corpse lie H the Sistine chapel , wherr
the people would have thronged withii
a limited area and perhaps called for the
interposition of the police.
Cardinal Pecci set COO men to work to
prepare a place for the conclave to meet
and at onro closed this conclave to the
outside world. Ten days were allowed
to expire after the pope's death , according
to rule. Oi. Sunday , Fob. 17 , the de
votions were concluded by a pontifical
mass , and the next day everything was
ready for the conclave.
But the Quiriunl palace was now in the
hands of the royalists. Sixty-one cardi
nals met on Monday morning in th
Pauline chnrel , only three in the worli
being omitted onePrench , one Irish and
ono American ( McCloskcy ) , the latter b'
ing on his way ,
Papal elections In the remote past hnri
often been interfered with by the hoti'c
of Bourbon and others. On this occasion
there was no interference.
The second day the door of the con
clave's improvised chamber wns lockco
on the inside nnd the outside , nnd evurj
l > ortion of the inclosuro exnmined to sec
that there wns no communication with
the world.
Cardinal Pecci had n kitchen witliin
the inclosuro and cooks and servants
ready. Each cardinal Kit under a canopy -
opy , with a small square table nnd writIng -
Ing materials before him. Then with
folded pnjwr the ballots were dropped
into a consecrated chalice. From this
chalice they were counted into another
ono.
ono.On
On the first ballot there were 28 votes
for the viceroy , Cardinal Joachim Pecci.
The balloting papers were burned , and
at the sign of the smoke issuing from
the stovepipe In n window the crowd
outside Imow that no pojx ) had yet been
chosen. Cardinal Pecci retired to his
cell.
cell.Then
Then came nn afternoon dcssion. The
cardinal hims/'lf voted secretly , Hko the
rest. Ho sat in great distress and ro-
onajliility. Persons .present say that
great tears rolled down his checks , ami
that when ho undertook to write his
ballot his hand shook so violently that
the pen tell to the ground.
This time ho had U8 votes , but not
enough.
Everything pointed to the probability
of his election on the next day , Wednes
day.That
That day Cardinal Pecci undertook to
check the movement toward him , but
the third ballot came on , and 44 votes
were recorded in his favor , moro than
two-thirds.
The master of ceremonies went up to
his scat and asked liim , "Do you accept
the election as supreme pontiff of the
Catholic church ? " lie arose nnd affirmed
his utiworthiness. At length , however ,
ho bowed ,
'Then at a clapping of hands all the
cardinals rose and btood in homage , and
the canopies above all their seats were
lowered except that above the popa
elect.
"By what name do you wish to be
called ? "
"By the narao of Leo XIII. "
The pope elect was now taken aside
and clad in white cassock , cincture , ro
chet , hood and berrettn and even stock
ings. His shoes , however , were scarlet ,
with u golden crfles upon them. Ho ad
vanced from behind the altar to his
throne.
The fisherman's ring is put upon his
hand. Tlio cardinals come up and kiss
his feet and receive his kiss upon their
cheeks. This is called the "adoration. "
An aged cardinal advances upon the
piazza and declares to the multitude : "I
announce to you tidings of great joy.
Wo have a pope , the most eminent r.nd
most reverend Joachim Pecci , cardi" al
priest of the title of St. Chrysogonus , who
hath given himself for name Leo XIII. "
The bells of the churches rang , but no
cannon thundered as aforetime , and thjre
was no illumination , though seine indi
viduals illuminated their palaces.
Perugia was in delight.
The pope's term has been unusually
active , ns might bo supposed from the
diminution of his temporal or prince
powers. Ho has given his active some
times too active head to corresponding
with the churches in all nations. As the
Italians preferred their national policy
to the pope's interests , ho has not been
ns provincial an Ital.m as his predeces
sors. His friendly and reciprocal hand
has been felt in distant countries. Teach
ing the necessity of Christianity , which
he considered to bo his. or the church to
human society , ho said :
"Let every member of Christian socie
ty reform his own conduct and outward
manner of living. " Ho made Cardinal
Franchi his state secretary , the chief of
the propaganda , and sent him to Ireland
to keep the National party there loyal
peaceful and orderly. Frnnchi died sud
dculy , nnd Cardinal Nina succeeded him
The pope bpoko of being "compelled to
ECO beneath our eyes in this Rome , the
center of the Catholic religion , the prog
ress made by heresy , heterodox temples
and schools built freely and in great
number. "
The pope addressed himself to the
good will of Bismarck , who really held
Italy ni > . The I' ilian government sold
the property of mo propaganda nnd put
the church ratcchism out of the prunarj
schools. Many pilgrims , however , came
to Rome bringing gifts. Leo made n
pence , rather recklessly broken by his
predecessor , with the emperor of Russia ,
and some of the grand dukes came to
see him. He sent crosses to Asiatic
rulers and sof tenod their natures. De
prived of some barren mountains and
miasmatic plains , ho cultivated fnr nbroad
the amenities of society and tlio human
heart not all depraved. Ho made a
hierarchy for Scotland , shrewdly saying
in the tone of Walter Scott , "Tho re
mains still extant of church edifices
monasteries and other religious struc
tures bear splendid testimony to the piety
of the ancient Scots. " Ho stopped the
silly feuds between various kinds of rut'
fian Christians in the Turkish parts and
gave this confidence to Cardinal Dr.
Walsh in 1835 , and Mr. Parnell was un
able to lead the Irish cause after his so
cial slip. Leo boomed the Catholio uni
versity at Washington city , where his
vicar , SatoU' ' , now lives.
In Germany eminent Catholics like
Dr. Dollinger and Prince Hobenloho , both
of Bavaria , attacked the papal doctrine
of infallibility as encouraging rebellion
ngainst the civil rulers under Jesuit in
terpretation. Italy was then the ally ol
Germany. What was culled "tho old
Catholio church , " or Jai > senistswas built
up to neutralize the Jesuits. The word
"kultnr Immpf , " or learning's conflict
against sixteenth century Catholicism ,
was invented. Bruno , the priest philoso
pher and friend of Galilei , was given a
statue in Rome , where ho had been
burned. In 1873 the Jesuits had been driv
en out of Germany by Bibiimrck. But the
pojx > saw the political influence his friends
couldjvield by organizationJn the Ger
man parliament , led by Von Wiudthorst ,
and ho extended to Bismarck the baud of
friendship , which disarmed him. A man
llko this , who could accept the century ,
was certainly a great advance upon hia
impolitic and unskillful predecessors.
Ultimately Leo smote with the .broad
hand the clericals who assumed in tlie
United States to bo more retaliatory
than himself. Ho sent his legato to the
nation , and with the legate came the
pope's bright , linppy , active , winning
countenance , a fellow man. The world
accepted his good will as n pilgrim to *
higher things , welcoming all joyous and.
decent travelers upon the road.
The end of the propaganda bos becnj
greatly to the strengthening of Catholic-
education in other parts of the world.
The revenue of tills BOO waa not over1
$12,000 a year , and the university nt
Washington commenced with about that
income ,
The i > opo was actually chosen by Bis
marck for mediator between Germany
and Spain aver some forsaken islets in
1885. Leo gave Spain Uio sovereignty
and Germany a naval station.
Such lias been the influence on thfr
better angel of the Vatican , whoso ac
tive and'brotherly spirit wore itself out-
visiting and assisting his fellow men.
GEORGE ALFRED TQWNSEND.
TRAIN WRECKERS IN THE TOILS. .
Planned to KHI All Who Escaped
Death In the Smashun.
Roanoke , Va. , July 22. A detective-
last night arrested James W. BaHey
and J. W. Kennedy , near Shonanddahr
charged with wrecking a Norfolk and
Western passenger train near Green
ville , on the night of Doc. 28 last ,
when Engineer Wesley Bailey was-
killed. The men pleaded guilty and
were sent to Stanton Jail without
bond. They are charged with mur
der. In a sworn confession , they say
they planned with Mrs. Ellen Paynter
to wreck the train and kill any pas
sengers who might escape death In
the wreck. Only the engineer waa
killed and the plan for wholesale mur
der was abandoned. Mrs. Paynter
cornea from North Carolina and wllL
be arrested later.
DESPERATE PISTOL DUEL.
Soldiers Lodge Wounded Participants
In Jackson Jail.
Jackson , Ky. , July 22. In a deper-
ate pistol duel at Caverun school
house , three miles east of Jackson ,
three persons were severely hurt.
James and William Barrett and Jack
Howard and his fourteen-year-old
son were the principals. A bullet
from James Barrett's pistol lodged la
the abdomen of James Vires , aged
twelve , who was sitting at his deslc
in the school house. Jack Howard was
shot in the arm and his elbow was
shattered. James Barrett was shot in.
the head with buckshot and his skull
was fractured. The civil authorities
declined to take action and the two-
details of soldiers from here were
sent into the country and made the-
arrests.
Sapho's Slayer Arrested.
Ottumwn , July 22. Andrew Tucker ,
a colored ex-convict wanted in South
Omaha for killing a man named Sapho-
in a fight , v/is arrested here. Ho was
taken to Omaha.
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